Weather modification processes using temperature inversion to disperse particulate matter.

Abstract

OCR06WT This invention is a process for modifying atmospheric temperature inversions to remove particulate matter. Dry ice is used to lower the temperature in the temperature inversion layer of the atmosphere, causing heat transfer. Heat and air masses from high-temperature areas to low-temperature areas, and air masses containing dust. Aerosols trapped in the lower atmosphere due to temperature inversion are released back into the upper atmosphere, reducing the amount of particulate matter. The bottom section is designed to vent dust particles during periods of low relative humidity and low chances of conducting cloud seeding operations. It consists of weather monitoring steps, flight planning steps, and operational area determination. The primary goal of dust dispersion is to consider areas with high concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers. (PM2.5) Maximum preparation step: The preparation of dry ice for use in operations. (Dry Ice) must be crushed to a size smaller than 1 cubic centimeter to prevent sublimation and protect against The coagulation agent should be prepared no more than 1 hour before flight. The flight operation procedure is a standard procedure used for this purpose. Upon reaching the sub-target area, the dry ice will be dropped according to a predetermined pattern at an inversion top altitude. Without changing altitude during the operation, and finally, the step of evaluating the changes in volume. Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers, using hourly data on particulate matter concentration. Analysis of air quality data from the Pollution Control Department's monitoring stations in the target sub-area or nearby areas is also included. Straight line drawing to find a trend line for analyzing changes in particulate matter concentration. Smaller than 2.5 microns

Claims

OCR06WT1. Atmospheric temperature inversion modification process for particulate matter dispersal consisting of Step 1: Weather monitoring for use in flight planning and weather modification operations. Data is collected in three parts: data on the concentration of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) exceeding 15 micrograms per cubic meter (µg / m³).) For analyzing the dust situation for horizontal flight planning, upper air data from the surface to an altitude of 10,000 feet from weather balloons at 00 UTC is used to analyze altitude, atmospheric thickness, temperature inversions, and temperature differences between the upper and lower edges of the temperature inversion layer occurring at different altitudes for vertical flight planning. Vertical air quality data from the surface to an altitude of 10,000 feet is used to locate the temperature inversion layer that blocks fine particulate matter, measured by the Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) installed on the aircraft to measure the size and concentration of aerosols ranging from 0.10-3.00 microns, and the Aircraft-Integrated Meteorological Measurement System (AIMMMS) to measure temperature. This data is used for vertical flight planning. Step 2: Weather modification flight planning consists of 5 steps as follows: a.Determine the primary target area for dust dispersal using weather data from Step 1. The primary target area must meet the following conditions: If only upper-air weather data from weather balloons is available: - PM2.5 concentration greater than 15 µg / m³ - Inversion layer detected by upper-air weather at an altitude of 2,500-10,000 feet, which is a safe altitude for aircraft operations without impacting air traffic - Inversion depth of 100-800 feet (selected from the level with the lowest and thickest inversion depth) - Maximum temperature difference between upper and lower boundaries (inversion strength) greater than 0.1 degrees Celsius (selected) - Clear sky with no clouds or rain at the operational altitude in the target area. If vertical air quality data and upper-air weather data from weather balloons are available: - PM2.5 concentration greater than 15 µg / m³...5) In areas with the highest concentration, if operations are not possible in these areas, areas with the next highest concentration will be selected in descending order. This includes: - The inversion layer from upper weather observations at an altitude of 2,500-10,000 feet, which is the altitude at which aircraft can safely operate without impacting air traffic. - The inversion layer that acts as a barrier for particulate matter with the highest concentration. - The thickness of the inversion layer (Inversion Depth.) of 100-800 feet, selected from the level with the lowest and thickest inversion depth. - The temperature difference between the upper and lower boundaries (Inversion Strength), selected from the level with the greatest temperature difference, greater than 0.1 degrees Celsius. - The sky in the target area should be clear of clouds at the operational altitude and without rainfall. b. Defining sub-target areas for dust dispersion: More than one sub-target area can be defined, provided that the sub-target areas meet the following conditions: - The sub-target areas must meet the conditions defined in the main target area in section a.- There are two suitable flight patterns for dispersing dry ice in sub-target areas, depending on the terrain: spiral flight and zigzag flight. - The number of aircraft required for operations in a 10x10 nautical mile sub-target area is one aircraft. - The dust dispersal pattern in the main target area can be either dispersing dust before entering the main target area or dispersing dust away from the main target area, considering the direction of dust movement from its source where it is blown by the wind into the main target area. Sub-target areas can be designated for dust dispersal before entering the main target area or for dispersal away from the main target area.The amount of dry ice used per flight per sub-target area: For a sub-target area of ​​10 x 10 nautical miles, 700-1,000 kilograms of dry ice are used. Step 3: Preparation of the substance: Prepare dry ice that has been crushed to a size smaller than 1 cubic centimeter. Step 4: Flight operation: Disperse the dry ice according to the predetermined flight pattern. When the aircraft reaches the sub-target area at the upper edge of the inverted temperature atmosphere, it will disperse at a rate of 25 kilograms per minute. The aircraft will fly at a speed of 100-110 nautical miles per hour until the dry ice is exhausted. Step 5: Evaluation of changes in PM2.5 levels: Evaluate the changes in PM2.5 levels using hourly PM2.5 concentration data in the sub-target area or nearby areas. Compare the rate of decrease in PM2.5 levels with the previous day in the sub-target area at the same time.The atmospheric temperature inversion modification process for particulate matter dispersal under Claim 1, Step 2: Flight Planning for Weather Modification Operations, involves two flight patterns: spiral and zigzag. - Spiral flight: Aircraft disperse dry ice in a continuous circular pattern from the center of the sub-target area. The innermost circle has a radius of 2:3 nautical miles, depending on the aircraft's ability to perform deep circles. The circle then expands outwards by 2 nautical miles in each lap. The flight path from the center to the outermost circle must not exceed 5 nautical miles. If dry ice is not dispersed within the 10x10 nautical mile sub-target area, the aircraft returns to the center to continue dispersing, repeating the above pattern. - Zigzag flight: Aircraft disperse dry ice in a straight line for 10 nautical miles. Upon completion of this distance, the aircraft returns to the original direction, moves 2 nautical miles away from the original flight path, and disperses dry ice for another 10 nautical miles. This process is repeated until all the dry ice is dispersed.

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