A dyeing method developed for dyeing acrylic fabrics with basic (cationic) dyes.

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel dyeing method developed for dyeing acrylic fiber fabrics with basic (cationic) dyes in the textile field. Specifically, the invention relates to a continuous dyeing method involving fixation in a thermosol oven to enable the dyes to diffuse into the fibers when dyeing acrylic fiber fabrics with basic (cationic) dyes.

Description

DYEING OF ACRYLIC FABRICS WITH BASIC (CATIONIC) DYES AN IMPROVED PAINTING METHOD FOR THIS PURPOSE Technical Area The invention relates to the textile industry, specifically the process of dyeing fabrics made from acrylic fibers with basic (cationic) dyes. It relates to a new dyeing method developed for painting. The invention relates to the treatment of fabrics, particularly those made from acrylic fibers, with basic (cationic) dyes. in dyeing, to enable the dyes to diffuse into the fibers It relates to a continuous dyeing method involving fixation in a thermosol oven. State of the Art Today, it is an indispensable raw material in many areas of the highly developed modern industry. Acrylic, a material with specific properties, is frequently used in the production of many products and different compounds. It is a material currently in use. Acrylic fibers and yarns and fabrics produced from these fibers. (weaving and / or knitting) historically primarily using basic (cationic) dyes. They are dyed. Since acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers, they are dyed with disperse dyes. Although it is possible, the targeted dark and bright coloring in applications Results cannot be obtained. Disperse dyes, nonionic and basic dyes also These are cationic dyes. Other dyes used in dyeing textile fibers. These substances are anionic in nature, and anionic dyes differ in their ionic structure. Therefore, they have no affinity (attraction) to acrylic fibers. Basic (cationic) dyes are the class of dyes that produce the brightest and most vibrant colors. Their use is limited to acrylic fibers. Yarns and fabrics made from acrylic fibers are basic. They can be dyed very dark and bright colors with (cationic) dyes. The dyeing process is done by drawing. according to the method, in batches in dyeing vats closed to the atmosphere This can be achieved. However, under dyeing conditions, the internal structure of acrylic fibers and Because the surface is negatively charged and basic dye molecules are positively charged, the fibers and dye A very strong electrostatic attractive force is formed between the molecules. This attraction Due to the force, the dyeing speed increases excessively, making it difficult to achieve even dyeing. This is why acrylic products are drawn with basic (cationic) paints. slowing down the painting speed under the painting conditions according to the method Temperature control and a retarder are required to slow down the dyeing speed in the technique. 2 The addition of a (retarder) chemical or a combination of temperature and retarder is used. Under dyeing conditions, the dyeing temperature is increased very slowly, to the point of boiling. The staining is carried out at a specific temperature and under controlled acidic pH conditions. Dyeing processes carried out according to the pull method use the dyeing machine. in specific weights and batches, depending on the capacity of the boiler This should be done in batches, independently of each other. As a result, errors known as lot differences or batch coloring differences occur, and in each batch It is not possible to obtain the same color, especially with large quantities of fabric. According to the drawing method, painting in successive batches in this discontinuous manner is the same. This leads to problems such as the inability to obtain the desired color. When acrylic fabrics are dyed in batch processes using the exhaust method, they are released into the atmosphere. They are found in the form of fabric ropes inside closed jet dyeing machines, and this As a result, under dyeing conditions, fabrics develop what is called a longitudinal creasing mark, and Traces appear where the dyes have not fully penetrated. Acrylic fabrics These errors can be encountered in batch dyeing processes according to the exhaustion method. Therefore, dyeing in yarn form is primarily used in the production of colored acrylic products. These yarns are then used to create fabrics through weaving and / or knitting processes. It is transformed into this form. This involves additional wet processing after weaving or knitting. This leads to the emergence of problems. Due to these problems, in technology... Acrylic products in fabric form and dyeing vats according to the exhaustion method. The dyeing process is not carried out under practical industrial conditions and is primarily for yarn. This type of dyeing is preferred. Wet processing problems occur with dyeing this yarn. This leads to problems such as these. The results of the literature search indicate that application number CN108894011A It has been observed that the application in question concerns the preparation of acrylic fiber with high visual warning effects. It is related to the method. In this method, dye, water, plasticizer, smooth a dyeing solution containing dyeing agent and color fixing agent The acrylic fiber is prepared in this solution at a temperature of 80-85 °C for 40-60 minutes. It is painted and then undergoes post-processing. However, in the document The text does not specifically mention dyeing with basic dyes. Another application, numbered US5741338A, concerns synthetic fibers, particularly acrylic fibers. It relates to a method for dyeing with basic dyes. In this method... Dyeing solution for making synthetic fibers receptive to basic dyes. 3 It is chemically modified. Here, the dyeing solution is a cationic dye. and contains a quaternized amidoamine compound. However, the document mentions hot air, especially in thermosol ovens, from the fixation process It is not mentioned. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions being the subject of discussion... Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. Purpose of the Invention The invention was created by drawing inspiration from existing situations and overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks. It aims to solve the problem. The main purpose of the invention is to improve the production of fabrics made from acrylic fibers using existing technology. batch processes with the pulling method which cause dyeing defects in dyeing a method in which continuous painting can be done using basic (cationic) dyes It is about developing. The purpose of the invention is to provide solutions for processes such as temperature control and the addition of retarder chemicals. without the need for basic (cationic) dyes in dyeing acrylic fabrics It is to provide a method by which it is used. Another purpose of the invention is to keep the fabrics wet during the fixation process, thus preventing them from becoming alkaline. Dye impregnation that allows (cationic) dyes to diffuse into the fiber. The solution aims to provide the necessary content. The other purpose of the invention is the intermediate drying step used in classic thermosol applications. without and directly after paint impregnation applied to acrylic fabric thermosol The purpose is to ensure fixation inside the oven. To fulfill the purposes described above, the invention is made from acrylic fibers. It is a method developed for dyeing fabrics with basic (cationic) dyes, It includes the following steps: i. Basic (cationic) dye, carrier, urea, thickener, water, weak acid Preparation of staining solution containing buffer and migration inhibitor, ii. Passing the acrylic fabric through an impregnation tray containing the dyeing solution, 4 iii. Compressing the fabric with compression rollers at the outlet of the impregnation tank, iv. Dye fixation is performed by passing the fabric through a thermosol oven. v. Washing and then drying the dyed fabric. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are detailed below. This will be understood more clearly thanks to the explanation, and therefore the evaluation will also be clearer. This should be done taking this detailed explanation into account. Detailed Description of the Invention In this detailed description, the preferred configurations of the method described in the invention are only This is explained to facilitate a better understanding of the subject. The invention is for dyeing fabrics made from acrylic fibers with basic (cationic) dyes. It relates to an improved method. This method involves the following steps: includes; i. Basic (cationic) dye, carrier, urea, thickener, water, weak acid Preparation of staining solution containing buffer (pH5) and anti-migration agent, ii. Passing the acrylic fabric through an impregnation tray containing the dyeing solution, iii. Compressing the fabric with compression rollers at the outlet of the impregnation tank, iv. Dye fixation is performed by passing the fabric through a thermosol oven. v. Washing and then drying the dyed fabric. Table 1. Composition of staining solution. Element Name Preferred by Weight Preference Available Quantity (%) Quantity (%) Thickener 1 1-60 Career (Carrier) 10 15-30 Urea 20 10-60 Basic dye 5 1-8 Water and weak acid 49 10-68 buffer Migration prevention 15 5-25 In a preferred application of the method described in the invention, i) 1% by weight in the process step. 8 basic dyes, 15-30% carrier, 10-60% urea, 1-60% thickener, 10-68% water. Staining solution containing weak acid buffer (pH 5) and 5-25% migration inhibitor. It is being prepared. In a preferred application of the method that is the subject of the invention, ii) in the process step Acrylic from an impregnation tank containing the fabric dyeing solution at a temperature range of 22-45°C It occurs over a period of 1-6 seconds. In a preferred application of the method described in the invention; iv) in the processing step, the fabric 120- In a thermosol oven with a temperature range of 220°C for 30 to 480 seconds. is being carried out. In a preferred application of the method described in the invention; v) the treated dyed fabric The washing process involves cold wash, warm wash, and final rinse, in that order. The aforementioned cold wash involves washing at a temperature between 20-40°C for 20-30 minutes. This is being carried out. The aforementioned warm wash involves anionic and nonionic surfactants. The process is carried out in the solution containing the ingredients at a temperature between 50-65°C for 20-30 minutes. The aforementioned final rinse is performed with room temperature water. Basic (cationic) dye: Organic-synthetic dye used to color acrylic fibers. It is a molecule. It has a cationic molecular structure and is used in the aqueous dyeing medium. The dissolved substance is a colored cation. The invention relates to the dyeing of woven or knitted acrylic fabric. It is available. Thickener: Increases the viscosity of the impregnation solution, thus thickening the fabric after impregnation. a water-retaining chemical that allows the impregnation solution to be retained for longer. This is a substance. Natural or regenerated thickeners can be used. An example of these is... Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can be administered. Alginate and guar ether can also be used. The carrier (Keriyer) in the dyeing solution is under a high thermosolization temperature. organic fibers used to help open up the microstructures of acrylic fibers. It is a synthetic chemical substance. Here, the carrier is limited to these. 6 chlorophenoxyethanol, diphenyl, ortho- and para-hydroxydiphenyl, monochloro- Ortho-hydroxydiphenyl and N-alkylphthalimide are available for use. Due to its water-retaining properties, urea (CH₃NO₃) is present in the dyeing solution. 4 2 It is used. Migration inhibitor in the dyeing solution: fabric under high temperature conditions. the displacement of the impregnation solution (flotation) on it and the transfer of dry areas from wet areas. to prevent solution migration (transfer / migration) to the regions It is used. Water dissolves dyes and other chemicals in it and impregnates the fabric in the impregnation tank. It is the liquid that allows the solution to be absorbed. A weak acid buffer is added to the solution in small amounts to achieve a pH of 5. Here, the weak acid... As buffers, these include but are not limited to acetic acid or formic acid and sodium. Acetate can be used. The amount to be added is included in the total amount of water. Impregnation Tray (Fulard): A tray containing an impregnation solution that is passed through the acrylic fabric. It is a tray through which the impregnation solution is passed. It has squeezing rollers on top. It has (cylinders) and the impregnated fabric is passed between the squeezing rollers. The “amount of liquor taken” (%AF) (amount of impregnation solution taken into the fabric) is adjusted. A slight squeeze should be performed so that the liquor volume is as high as possible. The resulting... Care is taken to maximize the solution (flotte) level. The impregnation solution is placed in the room. It is at a certain temperature. The squeezing roller pressure is between 0.25 – 5.5 bar (3.5 – 80 psi). is selected. The amount of liquor obtained after impregnation and squeezing (%AF) is as low as possible. It should be high. Thermosol Oven (ram): A drying oven through which impregnated acrylic fabric is passed. It is a machine that operates in an open atmosphere and according to the principle of convective (conduction) heat transfer. It is operational. It has the ability to heat up to 220°C. Temperature range: 120-220°C. It should be able to provide homogeneous heat for a period of 30-480 seconds. This is achieved through convective heat transfer. Basic dye fixation is applied to acrylic fibers and they are dried using a hot air drying machine. from the hot air conduction channels inside to the front and back surfaces of the fabric perpendicularly. 35 must be sent. 7 In a preferred example of the method described in the invention, the following steps are followed: is being done: Step 1: 1-8% basic dye by weight, 15-30% carrier, 10-60% urea, 1-60% thickener, containing 10-68% water and weak acid buffer and 5-25% migration inhibitor. The staining solution is being prepared. Step 2: Impregnation of the acrylic fabric with the dyeing solution at a temperature between 22-45°C. spent on the boat for 1-6 seconds Step 3: Pressure of the fabric at the outlet of the impregnation tank: 0.25 – 5.5 bar (3.5 – 80 psi) Compressing with rollers and compression cylinders located between them, Step 4: Place the fabric in a thermosol oven (stamper) at a temperature range of 120-220°C for 30 to Paint fixation is achieved by passing the solution through the filter for 480 seconds. Step 5: Cold wash the dyed fabric at 20-40°C for 20-30 minutes, then... 20-30 in a solution containing anionic and nonionic surfactants at 50-65°C. Wash with lukewarm water for 1 minute, followed by a final rinse at room temperature. and then drying. The drying temperature should not exceed 70°C, and overdrying should be avoided. It should be terminated before it is done. The difference between the method described in the invention and the existing technique lies in the use of thickeners, anti-migration agents, and urea. by maintaining water retention on the fabric and intermediate drying. without first applying dry heat to the fabric while it is still wet during the thermosolizing process step. This is done with a carrier to make it easier to open the internal structure of the fibers. The chemical was used. An experimental study using the invented method was carried out as follows: Parameters: Thermosolizing temperatures: 180°C and 190°C Dyeing concentration: 2 grams / liter 8 Impregnation (dyeing) solution: 15% anti-migration agent; 5% thickener; 20% carrier; 20% urea, water to make up 2 liters, resulting in a solution of approximately 80%. acid buffer pH5 Thermosolization time: 300 seconds The color shade of the basic paint: Blue. The dyeing solution is prepared for standard acrylic test fabric cut to 25x25 cm dimensions. impregnated, rollers in such a way that the amount of solution absorbed onto the fabric is maximized It is squeezed by passing it through and behind the needles of the thermosol machine (oven). It is placed between them. It is fixed in a closed environment in the presence of warm air for the specified time. This process involves opening up the internal structures of the fibers and impregnating them into the fabric. The basic (cationic) dye in the solution penetrates the fibers, transforming the anionic copolymer in the internal structure. They are connected to their groups by ionic bonds. The dyeing results obtained from two different thermosolization temperatures in the experimental study The obtained color coordinate values ​​are given. (Table 2) The experimental study conducted resulted in the discovery. This shows that the method worked successfully. Table 2: Experimental study data Thermosolization L* a* b* C* h° K / S λmax Relative temperature Colour C° Power 190° 41.33 -6.59 -29.32 30.06 257° 7.88 620 100 180° 40.44 -10.62 -23.48 25.77 245° 8.28 620 107

Claims

1. The invention relates to the dyeing of fabrics made from acrylic fibers with basic (cationic) dyes. It is a method developed for this purpose, and its characteristic is; i. Basic (cationic) dye, carrier, urea, thickener, water, staining solution containing weak acid buffer and anti-migration agent preparation, ii. In an impregnation tank containing the dyeing solution for acrylic fabric passing, iii. Compressing the fabric with compression rollers at the outlet of the impregnation tank, iv. Dye fixation by passing the fabric through a thermosol oven. to be done, v. Washing and then drying the dyed fabric. It includes the steps involved in the process.

2. A method that complies with Claim 1, characterized by: i) 1-8% by weight in the processing step. basic dye, 15-30% carrier, 10-60% urea, 1-60% thickener, 5-25% Migration inhibitor staining containing 10-68% water and weak acid buffer (pH 5). It is the preparation of the solution.

3. A method that complies with Claim 1, characterized by: ii) the processing step of Acrylic fabric from an impregnation tray containing the dyeing solution for 1-6 seconds It is the transmission of the disease.

4. A method that conforms to claim 1 or 3, and whose characteristic is; ii) impregnation in the process step. The ideal temperature for the vessel is between 22-45°C.

5. A method that complies with Claim 1, characterized by: iv) the fabric being 120- in the processing step. In a thermosol oven with a temperature range of 220°C for 30 to 480 seconds. It is the transmission of the disease.

6. A method that conforms to Claim 1, and its characteristic is; v) painted in the process step. the fabric undergoes cold wash, warm wash and final rinse processes in sequence. It is washing.

7. A method that complies with Claim 6, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned cold washing is performed at 20- This is done with water at a temperature of 40°C for 20-30 minutes.

8. A method that complies with claim 6, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned warm wash is anionic. and in a solution containing nonionic surfactant at 50-65°C for 20-30 minutes It is performed for a duration of minutes.

9. A method that conforms to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned final rinse is done with water. It is carried out at room temperature.