BIOSTIMULANT CONTAINING AGRICULTURAL WASTE

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of an extract obtained from hazelnut shells and a controlled-release system containing a polymer nanoparticle loaded with this extract as a biostimulant.

Description

BIOSTIMULANT CONTAINING AGRICULTURAL WASTE Field of Invention The present invention relates to hazelnut shell oil obtained from hazelnut shells and / or hazelnut shells. It relates to the use of its extract as a biostimulator. At the same time, the invention concerns the aforementioned... Polymer-based controlled-release systems containing biostimulants also use biostimulants as biostimulants. It is related to its use. State of the Art Relating to the Invention (Prior Art) Factors such as global population growth and environmental pollution are causing climate change. This negatively impacts global agricultural production and food security. Therefore, agricultural Fertilizers and pesticides are widely used for production and food safety. However, fertilizers... Excessive pesticide use harms environmental impacts and soil health. It provides. Biostimulators are used to combat these challenges and promote sustainable agriculture. They are important tools. In traditional applications; humic acid, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, algae and plant extracts, chitin and chitosan-like polymers, inorganic compounds, various plant stimulants such as beneficial fungi, bacteria and synthetic substances These compounds are used individually or in combination, in liquid or powder form. It is applicable. Farmers use chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase productivity and combat pests. They use it. However, this widespread use of chemicals is reducing plant resistance, causing problems for farmers. This encourages increased use. As a result, the soil becomes lighter, and the ecosystem... The balance is being disrupted, and farmers are negatively affected in terms of health and economy. Economic Intensive chemical use reduces the likelihood of crops being approved for export. Furthermore, Drought, caused by persistent climate change, weakens plant growth. This makes them more vulnerable to diseases and pests. Farmers are concerned about their crops. to protect and adopt sustainable agricultural practices They are looking for effective solutions to reduce this. Also, they are investigating the development of resistance to fertilizers and pesticides. 1 Therefore, they want to reduce the frequency of application. These solutions are economically advantageous. Sustainability is also important for farmers. Patent document number EP4206167A1 concerns a chemical fertilizer and nutrient. It is related to the composition of fertilizers containing an enriched polysaccharide coating. Here; bio- a herbal supplement containing a stimulant, plant growth hormone or a combination thereof a plant additive composite formed by encapsulating the substance It is a polysaccharide polymer. Patent document number JP2018165275A describes at least one agricultural compound combined with nanoparticles. It describes a polymer nanoparticle structure containing a type of active compound. RV Kumaraswamy et al. (2018), “Sal�cyl�c Acıd Funct�onalızed Ch�tosan Nanoparticle: A Sustainable Bostimolant For Plant” is a plant-based treatment for buffalo corn. Alicylic acidosan as a biostimulant that promotes defense and growth It describes nanoparticles (SA-CSNP). Currently, farmers are using plant stimulants to increase crop yield. It is used. However, the continuous use of commercially available synthetic biostimulants... Its use is generally expensive and less environmentally friendly. Traditional natural product-based alternatives. Biostimulators are also used; however, when natural biostimulators are applied to the soil... Ensuring that the plant remains active in the field for an extended period is a challenging process. At the same time, biostimulator products available on the market are applied directly. However This method of application allows the active ingredients to become unstable depending on environmental conditions. And what can happen if they lose their effectiveness during field applications? This situation, This leads to undesirable consequences for farmers and negatively affects crop yields. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention aims to obtain an environmentally friendly alternative biostimulator. For this purpose, hazelnuts, which were not previously considered for use as a biostimulator, were used. hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract can be used as a biostimulator. Preliminary studies have shown that this is within the scope of the invention. Thus, this particular use, This also ensures the efficient utilization of hazelnut shell waste. The present invention describes the use of hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract as a biostimulator. It is related to its usage. 2 The invention also includes the aforementioned hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract. It relates to a polymer-based controlled-release system containing... The invention also revealed that this hazelnut shell can be used as a biostimulator. the oil and / or hazelnut shell extract may be subject to instability and field conditions depending on environmental factors. Polymer-based controlled-release system to ensure they do not lose their effectiveness during application. This includes its use as a biostimulator. Detailed Description of the Invention To meet the demands of a rapidly growing population, huge amounts of agricultural products are harvested globally every day. waste is generated [1]. Türkiye provides 70% of the world total in hazelnut production. It holds a leading position. Hazelnut shells constitute more than 50% of the total hazelnut weight. It forms and constitutes the main source of agricultural waste [2]. These wastes are generally hazelnuts It is used as a heat source in processing plants[3]. However, these wastes are more It is possible to evaluate it with a sustainable approach [4]. Hazelnut shell extracts, It has the potential to be an important resource for crop growth and development in agriculture. Hazelnut shell extracts as a biostimulator for crop growth and development in agriculture. To concretize the idea of ​​its potential to be a significant resource through its use, in silico A preliminary study was conducted using this method. Inducing transpiration in plants when exposed to environmental changes or biotic stress, Stomata are used to maintain intracellular homeostasis by preventing water loss or bacterial invasion. It regulates the opening and closing of abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction during drought stress. This plays a central role in stomatal closure. Drought warning systems like ABA in plants. It triggers the synthesis of hormones. These hormones are involved in the ABA receptor pathways. It causes stomata to close by triggering [6]. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation in plants. It is a product. Lipid peroxidation occurs when plants are exposed to stress conditions or harmful substances. It occurs when the cell becomes vulnerable to substances. MDA affects cell membranes and cellular structures. It is a reactive aldehyde compound that causes damage to plant components. Therefore, in plants... High MDA levels are considered an indicator of cellular stress, and It provides information about the health and resistance of plants. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, MDA neutralizing harmful aldehydes and converting them into less reactive and harmful forms It is helpful. Therefore, the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase helps in the lipid metabolism of plants. 3 It is important in removing toxic aldehydes formed as a result of peroxidation and plant stress. is critical in terms of tolerance [5]. Therefore, the in silico efficacy of hazelnut shell extracts for the subject of the invention is abscisic acid (ABA). obtained from these shells by means of receptor and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme The biostimulant properties of the extracts were evaluated. According to the literature, hazelnut shell extracts contain high amounts of catechins. (catechin), epicatechin, and gallic acid are high in the content of hazelnut shell oil. There is oleic acid that can be obtained in proportion to these phytocompounds [2, 7]. Therefore, with these phytocompounds, in Silico studies have been conducted. In silico molecular docking studies, both Both the receptor and the enzyme remove their own ligands, and new ligands are formed (their interaction is studied). (desired molecules) are inserted. Here, both the ABA receptor and the aldehyde The ligands present are extracted from the dehydrogenase enzyme and deposited into the binding pockets of these structures. Molecules such as catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and oleic acid are incorporated into ABA. ligands from the receptor (PDB id: 3OIJ) and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme (PDB id: 4V3F) removed and replaced with catechin (Pubchem CD:73160), epicatechin (Pubchem CD: 107905), gallicin by adding molecules of acid (Pubchem CD: 370) and oleic acid (Pubchem CD: 445639) They underwent molecular docking studies using the Auto Dock Vina program and The binding energies of the molecules were calculated. In the study, biostimulator was used as a control. Commonly used humic acid (Pubchem CD: 90472028) and glutamic acid (Pubchem CD: 33032) molecules were used. A study with the ABA receptor showed binding energies of -8.3 for catechin (Pubchem CD:73160). -11.2 kcal / mol for epicatechin (Pubchem CD: 107905), gallic acid (Pubchem CD: -6.5 kcal / mol for (370) and -6.0 kcal / mol for oleic acid (Pubchem CD: 445639). The binding energies of humic acid and glutamic acid used for control were calculated. The values ​​were found to be -6.8 kcal / mol and -4.6 kcal / mol, respectively (Table 1). Molecular docking Of the molecules studied, catechin and epicatechin showed tighter binding to the ABA receptor compared to the control. It has been observed that they are connected. In a study conducted with aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, binding energies of catechin (Pubchem -9.2 kcal / mol for epicatechin (Pubchem CD: 73160), -12.1 kcal / mol for gallic acid -8.2 kcal / mol for oleic acid (Pubchem CD: 370), -10.2 kcal / mol for oleic acid (Pubchem CD: 445639). Calculations are given in kcal / mol. Binding of humic acid and glutamic acid used as a control. The molecular energy was found to be -6.9 kcal / mol and -5.3 kcal / mol, respectively (Table 1). 4 Of the molecules that underwent the placement study, all molecules were aldehydes according to the control. It has been observed to bind more tightly to the dehydrogenase enzyme. Table 1. In silico efficacy results. Aldehyde Active ingredients: ABA receptor dehydrogenase enzyme Catechin -8.3 kcal / mol -9.2 kcal / mol Hazelnut shell Epicatechin -11.2 kcal / mol -12.1 kcal / mol extract Gallic acid -6.5 kcal / mol -8.2 kcal / mol phytocomponents Oleic acid -6.0 kcal / mol -10.2 kcal / mol Humic acid -6.8 kcal / mol -6.9 kcal / mol Controls Glutamic acid -4.6 kcal / mol -5.3 kcal / mol These interaction results show that both hazelnut shell oil and hazelnut shell extract are biostimulators. It shows that it has this feature. It is also a better biostimulator compared to controls. This also shows that it is possible. This hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract, as biostimulants for farmers to increase crop yield and support plant health It shows potential for use. Hazelnut shell oil and hazelnut shell extract are biostimulants both separately and together. It can be used as such. Here, hazelnut shell extract refers to the part other than the oil. It is an extract. In the preferred application of the invention, hazelnut shell oil contains between 0.05% and 1% by weight. It can be used as a biostimulator or within a biostimulator. Furthermore, in the preferred application of the invention, hazelnut shell extract is used at 0.03% to % by weight. Up to 5 are used as biostimulators or within biostimulator components. Furthermore, hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract may be used in alternative applications of the invention. Additionally, biostimulators can be obtained by adding humectants and / or non-ionic surfactants. This alternative application involves 0.15% to 12.5% ​​humectant by weight. and / or 0.05% to 3.75% by weight of non-ionic surfactant may be used. Furthermore, in alternative applications of the invention, hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shells may be used. By adding amino acids, peptides, fulvic acid, algal extracts, and biostimulators to the extract... Biostimulators can be obtained. Alternative applications of the invention include Soxhlet extraction for obtaining oil from hazelnut shells. any of the following methods: cold pressing, hot extraction, or supercritical C eOxtraction 2 One is preferable. For the extraction of plant material remaining after oil production, maceration and sonication are used. Soxhlet extraction or microwave-assisted extraction methods It is preferable. In the case of supercritical 2 extraction, CO2 is preferred as the solvent. There is no need to use solvents because this method involves extracting oil and extract without using solvents. It provides the product. However, it is preferred over other extraction methods. in this case, a solvent is chosen from among acetone, methanol or ethanol as the solvent. It is available. An alternative application of the invention is instability and field conditions depending on environmental factors. In order for the polymers of hazelnut shell extracts not to lose their effectiveness during applications This involves integrating a controlled release system based on the invention. The controlled release system is defined in the invention. the biostimulator in question and the polymer nanoparticle on which the aforementioned biostimulator is loaded, or It contains microparticles. Controlled release systems help protect the active components of the biostimulant and maintain its stability. This allows for an increase in the bioavailability of the biostimulator. Its effectiveness continues for a longer period. This allows for long-term growth and development of plants. While promoting their development, it also helps them build resistance to diseases. in the case where the preferred polymer's end product also has biostimulator properties This invention enhances the plant stimulant properties. A preferred application of the invention is hazelnut shell extract and / or hazelnut shell oil, It is integrated into a chitosan-based controlled release system. Here, a chitosan-based system... 6 What is actually meant by "controlled release system" is chitosan nanoparticles or They are microparticles. In this preferred application of the invention, the controlled release system contains between 0.02% and 3% by weight. Within this range, chitosan polymer is produced. Furthermore, the preferred application of this invention... Controlled release system, containing 0.05% to 1% by weight of hazelnut shell oil and / or by weight It contains hazelnut shell extract in the range of 0.03% to 2%. This preferred configuration is preferably achieved via ionic gelation. This The method can be performed with the help of a magnetic stirrer or a sonic circuit. Cross The ionic gelation method, which uses tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a binder, is simple, lightweight, and more... Because of its low toxicity and suitability for scaling up, chitosan is used in controlled release systems. It is the application preferred within the scope of the invention for production. Controlled release system. The use of TPP compound in synthesis, the use of solvents in the synthesis process It eliminates the need for it. In an alternative application, praz is used as a binder in doctrine. Sodium sulfosuccinate can also be used. Here, crosslinking agents are preferably between 0.05% and 0.5%. It is used within this range. Furthermore, in alternative applications of the invention, besides chitosan, in the synthesis of the controlled release system, Other polymers can also be used. Cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan, alginate, collagen, cutin, starch, albumin, zinc, pectin, or gelatin are some of the natural polymers. can be used. If the aforementioned alternative polymers are selected, they can be used in larger quantities. The preferred amounts to be used are detailed; cellulose preferably 0.01% to 2.5% by weight. in the range of 0.5% to 2% by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose, and preferably carrageenan. 0.02% to 2% by weight, alginate preferably 0.02% to 3% by weight, collagen preferably between 0.2% and 3% by weight, and preferably between 0.04% and 1% by weight of cotton. Starch preferably in the range of 0.03% to 2% by weight, albumin preferably in the range of 0.5% to 2% by weight. in the range of ze, preferably between 0.25% and 2% by weight, pectin, preferably between 0.03% and It can be used in the range of 2% or, preferably, gelatin in the range of 0.05% to 2% by weight. FDA approved. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL), which are synthetic polymers Optionally, it can be used as a polymer in the synthesis of a controlled uptake system. PLGA preferably between 0.01% and 5% by weight, and PCL preferably between 0.01% and 3.5% by weight. It can be used to create a controlled release system. 7 The invention offers many benefits in the agricultural field. Firstly, it replaces traditional biostimulators. It solves technical problems such as instability and loss of effectiveness experienced in products. Direct application of biostimulator products available on the market exposes the environment to the active ingredients. depending on the conditions, it can become unstable and its effectiveness during field applications This leads to losses. This situation has undesirable consequences for farmers and This negatively affects crop yield. Therefore, the invention provides a controlled release system. by using active ingredients to protect, increase stability and improve plant stimulants This allows for increased bioavailability. The invention offers farmers an environmentally friendly agricultural practice while increasing crop yields. Furthermore, the invention includes environmentally friendly waste management and sustainable agricultural practices. Negative environmental impacts can be reduced and agricultural production can be made more sustainable. This can bring about significant benefits for farmers and the agricultural sector in general. It is thought that it can provide. The invention includes hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract. biostimulant or controlled-release system containing such biostimulant, plant as a method of stimulating growth or supporting plant development It can be applied. Here, the method involves the use of the aforementioned biostimulant or controlled release. After the system is in place, it is applied to the plant directly or indirectly. It includes the following applications, exemplified below. To the root zone of plants or indirectly to the soil surface. It can be applied in this way. In this way, it stimulates plant growth by acting as a plant growth stimulant. It can also support plant growth by protecting plants against diseases. They can increase resistance or improve nutrient intake. It can be applied by spraying it directly onto the leaves of the plants. With this method, the plant... Plants can be provided with nutrition to support their growth and protect them against diseases. Protection can be provided. By being integrated into irrigation systems, it delivers water to plants indirectly along with the irrigation water. This can be applied by regularly applying a stimulant or arousing agent to the plants. It can be provided. 8 It can be applied to the seed via seed coating, thus affecting seed germination. beneficial to plants as a plant growth stimulant during the growing season or early growth stages It can provide. It can also be applied in soilless growing methods, such as hydroponics or aeroponics. in systems that stimulate plant growth or plant development by providing nutrients directly to plants. It can be used as a supportive measure. The choice of these application methods depends on the plant species, growing conditions, and availability. This can vary. 9 References 1. Koul, B., M. Yakoob, and MP Shah, Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability Environmental Research, 2022. 206: p. 112285. 2. Yuan, B., et al., Extraction, identification, and quantification of antioxidant phenolics from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells. Food Chemistry, 2018. 244: p. 7-15. 3. Mattonai, M., et al., Py-GC / MS and HPLC-DAD characterization of hazelnut shell and cuticle: Insights into possible re-evaluation of waste biomass. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017. 127: p. 321-328. 4. Xu, Y., et al., Nutritional composition and antioxidant activity in hazelnut shells from US‐grown cultivars. International journal of food science & technology, 2012. 47(5): p. 940-946. 5. Thepbandit, W., et al., In vitro and in silico studies of salicylic acid on systemic induced resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease and enhancement of crop yield. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023. 22(1): p. 170-184. 6. Sato, K., et al., Green Tea Catechins,(−)‐Catechin Gallate, and (−)‐Gallocatechin Gallate are Potent Inhibitors of ABA‐Induced Stomatal Closure. Advanced Science, 2022. 9(21): p. 2201403. 7. Demirbas, A., Oils from hazelnut shell and hazelnut kernel husk for biodiesel production. Energy Sources, Part A, 2008. 30(20): p. 1870-1875.

Claims

1. It is a biostimulant, and its properties are; hazelnut shell oil and / or hazelnut shell extract. It includes.

2. It is a biostimulant that complies with Claim 1, and its characteristic is that it contains 0.05% to 1% hazelnut by weight. It contains peel oil.

3. It is a biostimulant that complies with Claim 1, and its characteristic is that it contains 0.03% to 5% hazelnut by weight. It contains bark extract.

4. It is a biostimulant that meets Claim 1, and its distinguishing feature is that it also contains a humectant.

5. The biostimulant conforming to claim 4 has the characteristic of being between 0.15% and 12.5% ​​by weight. It contains humectants.

6. It is a biostimulant that complies with Claim 1 and is characterized by being a non-ionic surfactant. It includes.

7. A biostimulant conforming to Claim 6, with the characteristic of having a concentration of 0.05% to 3.75% by weight. It contains non-ionic surfactants.

8. It is a biostimulant according to Claim 1, and its properties include; furthermore, it exhibits biostimulant properties. It contains amino acids, peptides, fulvic acid and / or algal extract.

9. A biostimulant suitable for any of the above requirements and mentioned polymer nanoparticles or microparticles loaded with biostimulant Controlled release system.

10. It is a controlled release system in accordance with Claim 9, characterized by the fact that the mentioned polymer is chitosan. It is the fact that.

11. A controlled release system in accordance with claim 10, characterized by a concentration of 0.02% to 3% by weight. It contains chitosan in a certain percentage.

12. A controlled release system in accordance with Claim 9, characterized by a concentration of 0.05% to 1% by weight. It contains a certain percentage of hazelnut shell oil.

13. It is a controlled release system in accordance with Claim 9, characterized by a concentration of 0.03% to 2% by weight. It contains a certain percentage of hazelnut shell extract.

14. It is a controlled release system in accordance with Claim 9, and its characteristic feature is that the aforementioned polymer is cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan, alginate, collagen, chitin, starch, albumin, zein, pectin or it is gelatin. 11 15. A controlled release system in accordance with claim 14, characterized by a concentration of 0.01% to 2.5% by weight. cellulose, 0.5% to 2% carboxymethyl cellulose by weight, 0.02% to 2% carrageenan, 0.02% to 3% alginate by weight 0.2% to 3% collagen, 0.04% to 1% chitin by weight, 0.03% by weight to 2% starch, 0.5% to 2% albumin by weight, 0.25% to 2% zein, 0.03% to 2% pectin by weight, or 0.05% to It contains 2% gelatin.

16. It is a controlled release system in accordance with claim 9, characterized by the fact that the polymer is poly(lactic-co- It can be either glycolic acid (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL).

17. Controlled release system in accordance with claim 16, characterized by a concentration of 0.01% to 5% by weight. It should contain PLGA or between 0.01% and 3.5% PCL by weight.

18. It is a method that stimulates plant growth or supports plant development, and its characteristic is; A biostimulant conforming to any of claims 1-8, or the aforementioned biostimulant controlled release containing a loaded polymer nanoparticle or microparticle It is the application of the system to the plant, either directly or indirectly.

19. A method that complies with claim 18, characterized by the use of the aforementioned biostimulant or controlled substance. The release system is injected directly into the root zone of the plant, It is applied by spraying it onto the leaves or coating it onto the plant seeds.

20. A method that complies with Claim 18, characterized by the use of the aforementioned biostimulant or controlled by indirectly integrating the oscillation system into plant irrigation systems or It is applied by spreading it on the soil surface.

21. A method that complies with Claim 18, characterized by its use in soilless farming systems, specifically hydroponics. or by integrating it into aeroponic systems. 12