INNOVATION IN HORNLESS BRAKE DISCS AND WHEEL HUBS USED IN STEERABLE AXLES OF HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES.

Abstract

The invention relates to an innovation that increases strength by reducing mechanical stresses in neckless brake discs and wheel hubs used in heavy commercial vehicles and trailers.

Description

1 TARIFF 5 USED ​​IN STEAMLESS AXLES OF HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES INNOVATION IN NECKLESS BRAKE DISCS AND WHEEL HUBS Technical Area 10 The invention relates to neckless brake discs and wheels used in heavy commercial vehicles and trailers. It relates to an innovation that increases strength by reducing mechanical stresses in the hubs. State of the Art Currently, it is used in the steerable axles of heavy commercial vehicles. The brake disc-hub connection, with a necked brake disc and a hub compatible with this disc, is 15. It is based on fastening with bolts. In current technology, necked brake disc Because of the use of the disc-hub combination, the total weight of the vehicle is high and it is not spring-loaded. This also causes its mass to be high. The high mass of the non-springing mass. This negatively affects the driving comfort of the vehicle; however, harmful gas emissions... and causes high fuel consumption. 20 In current brake discs, the neck region, which is responsible for carrying the braking torque, Its material (lamellar graphite cast iron) is brake pad pressure and its function is heat transfer. It is the same as the ventilation duct area. Therefore, structurally, it is on the brake disc. The weakest point is the neck area, and this accounts for the vast majority of user complaints. It consists of brake discs damaged in the neck area. 25 As a result of the investigations carried out on this subject, it was determined that the brake disc bearing part number is US2009260933. A patent application has been found. This application concerns "the connection between the brake disc and the hub". A disc / hub connection is designed to provide this. The brake disc is located in the inner circumferential area. The support elements, and the hub, contain wedges. The hub extends radially outwards. It consists of a hollow cylindrical section that is joined to the disc portion, forming a cup-shaped structure. The disc portion is 30 the cup-shaped area that extends axially outwards and contacts the brake disc It has support rods that extend as far as... These support rods support the brake disc. It is joined by wedges that fit between the elements. The radial inner extension of the brake disc The support rods located in this section are radially connected to the outer circumference of the cup-shaped section. "Either it makes no connection at all, or it only connects via thin connecting rods." 35 It is related. 2 As a result of research conducted on this subject, it has been determined that for heavy trucks with registration number US5507367... A patent application titled "Wheel hub and brake disc arrangement" has been found. The application describes "a wheel hub that rotates on an axle, and this hub acts as a brake." It has a region where the disc is fixed in a non-rotating manner. In this region, the shaft part a circular channel (23) open on one side of the surrounding, north end (6) inside the north end (6) 10 It is located radially inside this region. The wheel hub (6) is the part of a wheel (31) a radial flange section (30) designed for secure mounting The combined section includes essentially a cylindrical hub section (32). The circular channel (23) is cylindrical. It extends along the section up to the flange and the cylindrical hub is located away from the flange. It is related to "open towards the end of the section." 15 As a result of the investigations carried out on this subject, the wheel hub with part number DE10133985 was identified. A patent application titled "..." was found. This application states: "The invention, especially for commercial vehicles..." a wheel designed to take a brake disc (1) into a wheel hub It relates to the hub. This hub is located on the wheel flange to receive the brake disc in question. It includes a formed neck section (17). The distinctive feature of the invention is that the neck section 20 (17) Heat transferred to the environment in the axial region adjacent to the application area of ​​the brake disc. It is related to "having a surface structure, preferably like ribs, that increases its quantity." The numbers US2009260933, US5507367 and DE10133985, detailed above, The patents describe neckless brake disc-hub connections in designs compatible with front axles. Numerous auxiliary assembly elements were used to ensure its success. Therefore, production and 25 Service costs increase significantly. In the design patented under number US5507367, to improve the thermal life of the bearing, the cylindrical section in the hub where the bearings are mounted The hub-disk connection area is radially separated from each other by an air gap on the hub. It is separated by a gap. The air gap above the hub is created by the hub. The casting manufacturing model requires additional cores, and the casting manufacturing process takes 30 years. Due to their tolerances, this will lead to quality problems in the manufacturing of the air gap. Due to the need for additional cores and the complexity of the design in the Poyra casting model Manufacturing problems, need for auxiliary mounting elements for disc-hub connection. Due to the public's interest, production and service costs increase significantly. As a result of the research conducted on the subject, heavy commercial vehicle number TR2018 / 20819 35 A patent application titled "Innovation in brake discs and hubs of vehicles" has been found. The invention is a hub developed for use in steerable axles of heavy commercial vehicles. (1) used to slow down and stop heavy commercial vehicles and trailers. 3 The invention relates to innovations in a pair of brake discs (2). The subject of the invention is a wheel hub (1), wheel 5 a brake disc (2) and connecting bolts (3) which are attached to the hub (1) in a closed manner It is related to. As a result of research conducted on the subject, heavy duty vehicle registration number TR2020 / 11005 has been identified. patent application titled "Innovation in brake discs and hubs of vehicles" It has been encountered. The subject of the invention is related to the brake disc and wheel hub (1) group. With the invention, 10 While this provides weight and cost advantages compared to the previous technique, it also... Neckless brake with ventilation, more resistant to structural and thermal loads, and longer lifespan. disc (2) and wheel hub (1) were obtained. The information in the patents numbered TR2018 / 20819 and TR2020 / 11005, given above, In designs compatible with front axles, the neckless brake disc and hub mounting bolts are 15. Since the assembly can be done in a closed manner with the help of force, the need for additional parts is eliminated. This has been eliminated. Thanks to this weight advantage, the production, assembly, and service costs of the product are reduced. It is decreasing. The bolt connection interface on the hub side in patent number TR2018 / 20819. because the heat transfer distance between the surface on which the inner bearing is mounted and the bearing is short Braking heat is directly transferred to the inner bearing. Therefore, the inner bearing temperature is 20°C grease. It exceeds the permitted operating temperature. TR2018 / 20819 and Patent number TR2020 / 11005 describes how cylindrical cavities on brake discs allow air to enter the disc. Although it improves the transition to the ventilation fins, the brake disc is affected by braking torque. fatigue resistance required against mechanical stresses occurring in the connection area. It cannot provide the necessary strength. Furthermore, the connecting bolts are located on the 25-inch wheel hub. The wheel with screw threads at the level of the air gap formed by the connecting islands Because it is connected to the hub, it provides the necessary fatigue cycle for the braking torque. It cannot withstand it. The wheel hub connection islands are connected to the main body. It suffers mechanical damage at the level of the air gap. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions, topic 30 Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. Purpose of the Invention The main purpose of the invention is to reduce mechanical stresses in neckless brake discs and wheel hubs. The aim is to increase strength by reducing it. 35 Another aim of the invention is to create a long-lasting product that is resistant to structural and thermal loads. The goal is to provide weight and cost advantages with ventilated brake discs and hub assemblies. 4 Another aim of the invention is to reduce damage to the bearing and seal with the distance piece and brake 5 By reducing the stresses that cause mechanical damage to the disc, neckless brake disc The goal is to extend the lifespan of fatigue-resistant individuals. Another purpose of the invention is to connect the wheel hub via two-stage bolt mounting holes. The goal is to provide up to a tenfold increase in fatigue lifespan. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below and 10 This becomes clearer thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures. This will be understood, and therefore the evaluation should also take these forms and detailed explanations into consideration. It needs to be done by taking precautions. Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1, Perspective view of the wheel hub, brake disc and connecting bolt that are the subject of the invention. 15 It is the appearance. Figure 2 shows the wheel hub, brake disc, and connecting bolt, which are the subject of the invention, having been blasted. It is the appearance. Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the wheel hub, brake disc, and connecting bolt that are the subject of the invention. It is the appearance. 20 Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional detail of the wheel hub, brake disc, and connecting bolt that are the subject of the invention. It is the appearance. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the wheel hub that is the subject of the invention. Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the wheel hub that is the subject of this invention. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the brake disc that is the subject of the invention. 25 Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the wheel hub connection island, which is the subject of the invention. Figure 9 shows a previous technical exploded view of the brake disc-wheel hub assembly. Figure 10 is a previous technical perspective view of the brake disc-wheel hub assembly. Description of Part References 30 1. Wheel hub 1.1 Disc mounting diameter 1.2 Disc mounting surface 1.3 Connection island 1.4 Air gap 5 1.5 First stage 1.6 Second stage 1.7 Bearing mounting surface 1.8 Abs ring connection diameter 1.9 ABS ring seat surface 10 1.10 Side surface of the connection island 1.11 Wheel hub housing 2. Brake disc 2.1 Hub mounting diameter 2.2 Hub mounting surface 15 2.3 Disk air gap 2.4 Connection holes 3. Connecting bolt 4. Distance segment R1. Inner diameter 20 R2. Outer diameter Lg. Distance between the air gap and the start of the screw threads. Le. Active tooth length FT. Force in the tangent direction. FR. Force in the radial direction 25 Detailed Description of the Invention This detailed description explains the steerable axles of heavy commercial vehicles that are the subject of the invention. Innovations in brake discs and wheel hubs are preferred in the designs used. It is explained solely for the purpose of better understanding the subject. 30 The purpose of the invention is to achieve the objectives described in this section; Brake disc (2) and wheel hub used in steerable axles of heavy commercial vehicles (1) group and its feature is; • Contacting the wheel hub (1) at three points, not contacting brake disc (2) containing disc air gap (2.3), 35 6 • Between the mentioned wheel hub (1) and the mentioned brake disc (2) 5 settling on the wheel hub (1) and brake disc (2) Spacer piece (4) that increases strength by reducing mechanical stresses. • The mentioned wheel hub (1), the mentioned spacer (4) and If the aforementioned brake disc (2) is connected and works together preventing damage to the wheel hub (1) and 10 more than the bolt outer diameter first stage (1.5) and wheel hub sized to be large (1) the alignment of the air gap (1.4) with the screw by going down below the distance between the base of the teeth (Lg), directly The wheel is connected to the body of the wheel hub by screw threads (1.11). wheel 15 containing second stage (1.6) which increases the strength of the hub (1). poyrasi (1), It contains. As shown in Figure 1, the invention consists of a wheel hub (1), brake disc (2), and connecting bolt (3). and consists of a distance piece (4). Located on the wheel hub (1) Distance piece 20 to the disc mounting surface (1.2) which is concentric to the connection islands (1.3). (4) is positioned. The brake disc (2) is concentric with the aforementioned distance segment (4). It is positioned. It is positioned in the mounting holes (2.4) on the brake disc (2). wheel hub (1), brake disc (2) and connecting bolts (3) passed through the center. The distance piece (4) is assembled. As shown in Figure 5, the brake disc (2) is aligned with the axis of rotation of the wheel hub (1) bearing 25 Disc mounting diameter (1.1) machined on wheel hub (1) for concentricity of the axis and the machined disc mounting surface (1.2) are located. In contrast, Figure 2 shows the brake disc. (2) machined hub mounting diameter (2.1) and hub mounting surface (2.2) It is located. The hub mounting diameter (2.1) on the brake disc (2) has radial heat conduction. In order to reduce the direction, the wheel hub (1) will be in contact at three points 30 It is positioned so that the wheel hub (1) will make contact at three points. because it is positioned, the disc is in contact with the inner diameter of the brake disc (2) at the points where there is no contact. air gaps (2.3) are formed. Disc air located in the inner diameter of the brake disc (2) Thanks to the gaps (2.3), the air on the suspension side of the vehicle is opened to the rim side. and is directed to the ventilation fins of the brake disc (2). In this way, by convection 35 an advantage is gained in heat transfer and cooling time of brake disc (2) is being done. 7 As shown in Figure 4, the two-stage bolt connection 5 is on the wheel hub (1). holes are located. The first stage (1.5) will be larger than the bolt outer diameter. It is sized and in contact with the threads on the bolt in the second stage (1.6). The screw threads are arranged in such a way that they will fit. Thanks to the two-stage connection hole, the bolt second stage (1.6) where the screw threads on the wheel hub (1) are located The alignment of the air gap (1.4) on the wheel hub (1) with the air gap and screw 10 by going down below the distance between the beginning of the teeth (Lg), directly to the wheel hub It is connected to the housing (1.11). In this way, the braking torque is transferred to the connection islands (1.3) It is applied not to the wheel hub housing but directly to the wheel hub housing (1.11). In this way, The fatigue life of the wheel hub (1) under braking torque is increased. The Le dimension, The active 15 where the bolt threads connect to the screw threads on the wheel hub (1). It indicates tooth length. (Lg / L: range of 0.12 – 0.14, Le / L: range of 0.2 – 0.4) As shown in Figure 6, the connection islands (1.3) on the wheel hub (1) thanks to, the disc mounting surface (1.2) and the bearing mounting surface (1.7) on the hub by creating an air gap (1.4) between the hub assembly on the wheel hub (1). The thermal conductivity distance between the surface (2.2) and the bearing mounting surface (1.7) has been increased. Abs 20 ABS ring connection diameter (1.8) and ABS ring on wheel hub (1) for ring connection There is a seating surface (1.9). As shown in Figure 8, FT: The connection islands (1.3) in the wheel hub (1) tangent force resulting from the braking torque acting on the brake disc (2) and FR: radial direction These are radial forces resulting from expansion. These forces affect the connection island 25 This causes stress concentration on the lateral surface (1.10). Within the scope of the invention Thanks to the two-stage connection holes used, tangential and radial forces are directly distributed. It is applied to the wheel hub (1) body (1.11) which has a high wall thickness. This Thus, stresses causing fatigue on the lateral surface of the connection island (1.10) are significant. is reduced by 30%. As can be seen in Figures 9 and 10, the previous technique was harder than the brake disc (2). wheel hub (1) made of material from the outer diameter of the connection flange to the brake disc (2) It deforms by contact. To prevent this deformation, the wheel... made of a material that is softer than the hub (1) and harder than the brake disc (2). and the outer diameter of the mounting flange of the brake disc (2) shall be equal to and / or greater than 35 the dimensioned spacer (4) between the wheel hub (1) and the brake disc (2) It is positioned. The inner diameter (R1) of the spacer piece (4), brake disc (2) connection the outer diameter (R2) of the distance piece (4) is equal to and / or smaller than the inner diameter of the flange; 8 The disc (1) shall be equal to and / or larger than the outer diameter of the connection flange 5 It is designed in this way, so that the brake disc (2) is protected from service loads at the connection interface. By reducing the mechanical stresses caused by the brake disc (2), the fatigue life of the brake disc is reduced. The distance between the wheel hub (1) and the brake disc (2) is being improved. By means of part (4), a thermal barrier (thermal resistance) is created, thus reducing braking heat. Transmission to the wheel hub (1) has been reduced. 10 Thermal protection between brake disc (2) and wheel hub (1) by using spacer piece (4) The number of resistance surfaces is increasing. Structural steel as the material of the spacer (4) By choosing materials with low thermal conductivity instead of other materials, the braking heat is reduced. The transmission to the wheel hub (1) has been further reduced. The distance part (4) Another function is to reduce the service loads at the brake disc (2) connection interface. By reducing the mechanical stresses that occur, the fatigue life of the brake disc (2) is reduced. The connection of the wheel hub (1) and the brake disc (2) is being improved. The force is applied in a closed manner with the help of bolts (3). The disc mounting surface (1.2) on the wheel hub (1) reduces heat transfer, part by reducing the weight and allowing thermal expansion of the brake disc (2), the brake disc 20 In order to reduce the stresses in the connection holes (2.4), it is designed with islands. It has been created. Service loads at the connection interface between the connecting bolts (3) and the brake disc (2) bolt to reduce the stresses that occur and improve the life of the brake disc (2) Flanged bolts with a large surface area under their head are used. 25

Claims

9 REQUIREMENTS 5 1. Brake disc (2) used on steerable axles of heavy commercial vehicles and It is a wheel hub (1) group, and its feature is; • Contacting the wheel hub (1) at three points, not contacting brake disc (2) containing disc air gap (2.3), 10 • Between the mentioned wheel hub (1) and the mentioned brake disc (2) settling on the wheel hub (1) and brake disc (2) Spacer piece (4) that increases strength by reducing mechanical stresses. • The mentioned wheel hub (1), the mentioned spacer (4) and If the aforementioned brake disc (2) is connected and works together, 15 preventing damage to the wheel hub (1) and having a bolt outer diameter larger than (1) first stage (1.5) and wheel hub sized to be large (1) the alignment of the air gap (1.4) with the screw by going down below the distance between the base of the teeth (Lg), directly by connecting to the body of the wheel hub (1.11) the wheel hub (1) 20 Wheel hub (1) containing second stage (1.6) which increases its strength, It includes.

2. According to claim 1, the wheel hub (1) has the characteristic of; the inner diameter of the spacer piece (4) (R1) must be equal to and / or smaller than the inner diameter of the brake disc (2) mounting flange.

3. According to claim 1, the wheel hub (1) is characterized by its outer part (4) of the spacer. The diameter (R2) of the brake disc (2) connection flange must be equal to and / or greater than the outer diameter of the brake disc (2). It is the fact that.

4. According to claim 1, the wheel hub is (1), and its characteristic is; the first stage (1.5) and the second 30 air gap and screw which determine the relative position of the step (1.6) It includes measurements of the distance between the incisors of the teeth (Lg) and the active tooth length (Le).

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