Shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate and the manufacturing method of this composite plate.

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid composite plate of a thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) made of shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix material, and the method of manufacturing this composite plate.

Description

1 TARIFF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY-MODIFIED ACTIVE VIBRATION DAMPENING HYBRID COMPOSITE RECORD AND THE PRODUCTION METHOD OF THIS COMPOSITE RECORD 5 Technical Field to Which the Invention Relates The invention involves a shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. a matrix material, thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) hybrid composite It relates to the plate and the production method of this composite plate. 10 State of the Art Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are formed after being deformed within a specific temperature range. They are special metal alloys that have the ability to return to their original shape. This property, martensitic changes occur in the crystal structure of the material due to temperature and stress variations. It is caused by phase transformation. SHAs, especially shape memory and 15 It stands out with its superelasticity properties. Among the most commonly used types of superelastic materials. Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys include copper-based and iron-based alloys. Nickel-titanium (Ni- (Ti) alloys are the most widely used and highest performing shape memory alloys. It is one of the high-performance material groups. These alloys, also known as nitinol, have unique properties. It is notable for its shape memory and superelasticity properties. Thermal and mechanical 20 Ni-Ti alloys that exhibit sensitivity to stimuli, martensite and austenite phases. Thanks to the reversible phase transformations that occur between them, deformation They can then return to their original shape. Nitinol, in particular, has high corrosion resistance. They are preferred in applications requiring biocompatibility and flexibility. In the medical field, stents, While commonly used in delicate products such as orthodontic wires and surgical instruments, 25 It is also ideal for adaptive mechanisms in engineering and robotics systems. Furthermore, this Due to their lightweight structure and energy absorption capacity, alloys are used in automotive and aerospace. They also play an important role in their respective sectors. They possess their own unique characteristics. Shape memory alloys are the subject of the most research in recent years. These materials are noteworthy. Active vibration damping (ATS) 30 of the SHAs Designing it as such is a research topic of interest in the field of materials technology. 2 In the current technique, alloy wires are embedded parallel to each other into the composite. The classic paving method used has some disadvantages. Classic In the laying method, the regular and simple arrangement of the wires ensures that the vibration energy is sufficiently effective. This can prevent the distribution of electrical energy in some way. The parallel placement of the wires... This requires parallel connection in a heated system. Parallel connected Ni-Ti 5 Because the wires require a higher current, they become inefficient. Classical Arranging the tiles in a single plane and with the same orientation reduces the possibility of cracks and This will increase the amount of voids in the composite, thus extending the useful life of the composite. is negatively affected. Vibration damping in composites produced by classical laying methods. More materials may need to be used to improve its performance, which is 10 It can increase the overall weight of the composite. In the known state of the art, as described in patent document EP2476549A1, steel A method for creating composites from alloy materials is described. This The document states that steel material and another fiber-reinforced material are strongly combined. 15 By ensuring adhesion, it facilitates mechanical assembly and disassembly processes. The aim is to achieve microscopic results through specific surface treatments created on composite surfaces. By creating irregularities and deformations, the epoxy resin within the composite The alloy reinforcement has been improved to hold better. Part number EP2476549A1. In this form, the patent serves a completely different purpose than the invention itself. 20 In another known instance of the art, in patent document number CN106891583A, Layer adhesion that occurs during the production of metal-reinforced composite sheets. A solution is provided to the problem. The metal composite plate described in this document has two by compressing and bonding a metal sheet and a layer of foamed metal fiber 25 This study focuses on the production of a layered metal composite. Although solutions have been found to the problems, further work is needed to dampen the vibration. It has not been done. In another known instance of the art, patent document number CN113579236A, 30 a multilayered composite structure including nickel-titanium material in a wall plate This composite structure is a multilayered structure with shape memory thanks to Ni-Ti. It has met the need for composite wall panels. In this method, bidirectional memory 3 The added Ni-Ti laminated material provides the composite with flexibility and resistance to deformation. It has given it the ability to transform into its current state. The limitations and inadequacies of current technological solutions are addressed in composite plate production. When using the classic wiring method, the regular and simple placement of the wires is 5. preventing the vibrational energy from being dissipated effectively enough, parallel The fact that the connected Ni-Ti wires require a higher current means that the wires are a single unit. Arranging them in the same plane and in the same orientation reduces the possibility of crack formation and the composite's An increase in the amount of voids negatively affects the useful life of the composite. To improve the vibration damping performance of composites produced with classical laying methods, 10 This requires using more material, which increases the overall weight of the composite. Due to reasons such as increasing demand, it has become necessary to make improvements in this area. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention involves a shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin 15 a thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) hybrid composite with matrix material It relates to the plate and the production method of this composite plate. One aim of the invention is to utilize it in the aerospace industry, which provides economic advantages. The invention concerns the development of a suitable hybrid composite plate. Vibration in the composite plate that is the subject of the invention. Because performance and durability are increased, an economic advantage is gained. This 20 The economic benefit is not limited to maintenance costs alone. The issue at hand... Thanks to the effective use of composite plates in aircraft wings, turbulent air conditions can be avoided. accidents or crashes that would require high repair costs under these conditions The probability of this happening is also reduced. In addition, this composite plate is suitable for aviation. Thanks to the lighter wing structures achieved through its use in the industry, fuel consumption is reduced by 25. Savings are also achieved. Another aim of the invention is to create a hybrid with improved mechanical properties and performance. The invention concerns the production of composite plates using the vacuum infusion method. Using amine-based curing agents in hybrid composite plates minimizes air bubbles. By lowering it, it is possible to stretch it without breaking. 30 4 Another objective of the invention is to create a hybrid composite with enhanced vibration damping capacity. The goal is to produce composite plates. In this hybrid composite plate production method... Thanks to the flooring technology used, the vibration damping capacity is increased. The desired minimum Ni-Ti percentage is achieved. Ni-Ti wire placement, vibration By dissipating and absorbing its energy more efficiently, the overall 5 of the composite This improves its performance. Also, because a single full-length wire is used, Ni-Ti wire... Providing electricity becomes easier. Another objective of the invention is to enable structural monitoring and self-monitoring of the ATS hybrid composite plate. The aim is to enable it to acquire diagnostic properties. In this way, Ni-Ti wire only vibrates. It not only provides damping and shape adaptation, but also integrates 10 into the fuselage. when combined with sensors or fiber optic-based monitoring systems, micro-damage or fatigue that may occur during the plate's lifespan This makes it possible to detect the symptoms in real time. Ni-Ti wire If the composite material is damaged, the applied electrical current will be cut off. Real-time monitoring can also be done in this way. Thus, maintenance planning can be done in 15 seconds. This can be done more accurately, and unexpected structural problems can be identified early. By identifying these issues at each stage, flight safety and operational efficiency are improved. In this way, the invention, production and use phases are more advanced, intelligent and "self-sufficient". This makes it possible to obtain a structure that "recognizes" the system. 20 Explanation of the Figures Figure 1. ATS Hybrid composite reinforced with 1 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire at a) 20°C and b) 50°C variation of vibration amplitudes measured at different temperatures over time Detailed Description of the Invention 25 The invention involves a shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix. a thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) hybrid composite plate and This relates to the production method of this composite plate. The invention concerns a shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy 30. a thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) hybrid composite with matrix material The production method of the record; 5 i. the environment to which the composite plate will be exposed and the temperature range of that environment determination, ii. Appropriate austenite phase transformation according to the specified temperature range Selecting Ni-Ti wire with the specified temperature, iii. The desired 5 rectangular composite molds for the vacuum infusion method. Creating the width and height larger than the dimensions iv. The first 5 glass fibers are placed in the created mold at angles of 0 and 90 degrees respectively. layer laying, Ni-Ti single piece wire addition and then 0 and The last 5 layers will be laid at 90-degree angles, resulting in a total of 11 layers. creation, 10 v. Vacuuming the mold for the infusion process, vi. Injection of epoxy-amine based curing mixture into the vacuumed mold. being done, vii. Waiting for the composite to cure with the curing agent, viii. Cutting of the formed composite and completion of production, 15 It includes the steps involved in the process. In one application of the invention, the shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy in question and A thin rectangular active vibration damper with glass fiber reinforced, epoxy matrix material 20 (ATS) hybrid composite plate production method; i. the environment to which the composite plate will be exposed and the temperature range of that environment determination, ii. Appropriate austenite phase transformation according to the specified temperature range Selecting Ni-Ti wire with a temperature (50°C), 25 iii. The desired rectangular composite mold for the vacuum infusion method. The dimensions are 20 mm larger in width and length, making it 120x320x2 mm. to be created in its dimensions, iv. The first 5 glass fibers are placed in the created mold at angles of 0 and 90 degrees respectively. layer laying, Ni-Ti single-piece wire addition, and then 0 and 30 The last 5 layers are laid at 90-degree angles, resulting in 11 layers in total. creation, v. Vacuuming the mold for the infusion process, 6 vi. The volumetric addition of epoxy-amine based curing agent mixture into the vacuumed mold. Injection with a 50% epoxy resin - 50% curing agent ratio, vii. Allowing the composite to cure for 10 hours with a composite curing agent. viii. cutting the formed composite to dimensions of 100x300x2 mm and production completion, 5 It includes the steps involved in the process. The invention describes a shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate; glass fiber, epoxy resin as composite matrix, amine-based curing agent for setting. and contains one single piece of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire, 120 mm long. 10 The invention describes a shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate; The first and last 5 layers are glass fiber fabric, and the 6th layer in the middle (on the neutral axis) is nickel- It contains a total of 11 layers, including titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire. All The matrix material of the composite is an epoxy-amine based curing agent mixture. 15 The invention describes a shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate; When using 1mm diameter Ni-Ti wire, the composition is 49% glass fiber, 49.43% epoxy resin, and amine-based. Curing agent (50% epoxy - 50% curing agent by volume), 1.57% nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy Includes wire. 20 The hybrid composite plate described in the invention has dimensions of 100x300x2 mm and weighs 110 grams. Production in different sizes is also possible depending on the request and the sector in which it will be used. Different The component ratios need to be changed for the dimensions. 25 In one application of the invention, the aforementioned Ni-Ti alloy wire has a diameter of 1 mm. It is a single piece. and it is 120 mm long. In another application of the invention, the aforementioned Ni-Ti alloy wire has a diameter of 0.5 mm. However, when using 0.5mm diameter Ni-Ti wire, sufficient Ni-Ti 30 is provided for vibration damping. The volumetric ratio could not be achieved. In one application of the invention, the aforementioned Ni-Ti alloy wire has a diameter of 1 mm. In this case, the Ni-Ti ratio in the composite material is 1.57%. 7 In one application of the invention, the aforementioned Ni-Ti alloy wire has a diameter of 0.5 mm. In this case, the Ni-Ti content in the composite material is 0.39%. However, a 0.5 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire... This ratio achieved when using sufficient Ni is not enough for vibration damping. The volumetric ratio of Ti could not be achieved. 5 The Ni-Ti alloy wire contained in the composite plate, which is the subject of the invention, forms martensite at room temperature. It is in the austenite phase and the austenite temperature is 50°C. When the Ni-Ti wire reaches the austenite temperature, the composite... The vibration damping property increases. This is due to the increasing modulus of elasticity as the temperature increases. (E) demonstrates this. The production of the composite plate subject to the invention is by vacuum infusion. It was produced using the method and an amine-based curing agent was used during production. Ni-10 The temperature-dependent changes in the mechanical properties of Ti alloy wire are shown in Table-1. It is explained. Table 1. Mechanical properties of materials used in composite plate production. Materials 𝐸 𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝐺 𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝜗 𝛼 (cm*cm / °C) 𝜌 Glass fiber 72 29.5 0.222 5.4 e-6 245g / m2 Epoxy 3.3 1.222 0.35 32.4e-6 1170 kg / m3 NiTi oC 28 10.526 0.33 6.6e-6 6450 kg / m3 50 oC 83 28 0.33 11.0e-6 6450 kg / m3 Curing Agent: An amine (cycloaliphatic) based curing agent exhibiting excellent flexibility and high reactivity. 15 The invention describes a method used to produce 1 mm diameter, Ni-Ti alloy reinforced glass fiber and epoxy. The mechanical properties of the composite containing 1 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire are given in Table 2. The composite is embedded in the neutral axis with an innovative placement. The Ni-Ti ratio of the composite... It is 1.57%. 20 In the production of hybrid composite, glass fiber fabric is first laid at angles of 0 and 90 degrees. The last 5 layers are laid out symmetrically. Ni-Ti alloy wire is innovative in the 6th layer on the neutral axis. They are arranged in a sequence. 25 8 In the production of the hybrid composite that is the subject of the invention, effective vibration damping has been achieved using Ni-Ti. wire arrangement, by distributing and damping vibration energy more effectively, It has improved the overall performance of the composite. The temperature obtained with electrical energy. The increase is distributed more homogeneously within the composite, which improves vibration damping. It provides a more effective performance. 5 Table 2. Mechanical properties of composite formed with 1 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire. Glass Fiber Epoxy And It healed ci NiTi 1mm Diameter Wire Reinforced Composite Plate V (%) 49 49.43 1.57 100 𝐸 𝐺𝑃𝑎 72 3,3 20oC 50oC E E 28 83 20°C 50°C 20°C 50°C 37,348 38,206 6,3654 6,378 3 𝐺 𝐺𝑃𝑎 29,508 1,222 20°C 50°C 𝐺 20°C 50°C 10.52 6 28 2,366 2,3719 𝜗 0.22 0.35 0.33 𝜗 𝜗 0.286 0.0487 𝛼 (cm*cm / °C ) 5.4 E- 6 32.4E-6 20°C 50°C 20°C 50°C 6.6E- 6 11.0E -6 𝛼 𝛼 𝛼 𝛼 6.593E -5 6.04E -6 6.745E -6 2.31E -5 The composite plate described in the invention is particularly suitable for the aerospace industry, among others. It can be used in many sectors requiring vibration control. The composite plate subject to the invention is 10 It can be used in aircraft wing panels for vibration damping, thus providing structural support. It is possible to reduce damage and increase passenger comfort. Additionally, satellite wings... This hybrid composite plate, which can also be used in solar panels, improves orbital stability. This facilitates protection. The composite plate in question is used in aerospace. In its use, vibration performance and durability are increased, thus reducing the risk of accidents or crashes. Risk is reduced, maintenance and repair costs are lowered, and fuel is saved. This is provided. The invention concerns a hybrid composite produced by vacuum infusion method. By using amine-based curing agents in the plates, air bubbles are minimized. Flexibility is achieved without fracture. The advantage of vacuum infusion is reinforcement and matrix. To ensure a more homogeneous distribution of the materials among each other and to prevent air bubbles. The goal is to minimize the risk of slippage caused by factors such as those mentioned above. Within the composite itself... 9 Making it as homogeneous as possible is positive for active vibration dampers. The advantage was that the effect of the austenite phase could be more pronounced. This is thanks to the spreading technology used in the hybrid composite plate production method. Vibration damping capacity is increased, achieving the desired minimum Ni-Ti percentage ratio. It is possible to electrify the wire because a single wire of full length is used. 5 This is facilitated by the Ni-Ti alloy wire placement in the production of the hybrid composite that is the subject of the invention. By optimizing, the performance of the material is increased, while at the same time the materials used The amount of material has also been minimized in the production of the hybrid composite that is the subject of this invention. It creates fewer mechanical fracture points compared to parallel laying, which makes the composite... It has increased its structural integrity. The composite plate that is the subject of the invention has easy electrical 10 The application is provided. The composite plate in question contains a single full-length wire. Because a single piece of wire is used, it is easier to electrify the wire. They are connected in series to the system. As the wire length increases, the amount of resistance also increases. The required electrical power is known. With 5 volts and 2 amperes, the entire wire will transition to the austenite phase in 1 second. This has been achieved, which has enabled a rapid and efficient phase change. 15 For use in experimental analyses, 3 types of samples were selected that were completely identical. Manufactured to specifications. All composites contain glass fiber and epoxy. Together, the first sample is a 1 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire, and the second sample is a 0.5 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire. It includes. The third sample consists solely of glass fiber epoxy. 20 fibers with a diameter of 1mm. When NiTi wire reinforcement is added, the Ni-Ti ratio of the composite is 1.57%. It has been calculated that when 0.5 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire reinforcement is added to the composite, the percentage of Ni-Ti in the composite is... The ratio was calculated as 0.39%. Theoretical (first-order deviation) was applied to all samples. Deformation theory, numerical analysis (ANSYS), and vibration experiments were applied. The vibration experiment was conducted by fixing the plate to the short side of the 100 mm section and pulling it from the opposite end at 25 mm. It is manufactured by pressing and releasing 50mm. It is a hybrid reinforced with 1 mm diameter Ni-Ti wire. The composite material provided significant vibration damping. Using exactly the same technique and... Hybrid composite containing 0.5mm diameter Ni-Ti wire embedded in the substrate provides sufficient vibration. It has not been able to demonstrate damping. Table 3 shows that Ni-Ti alloys with different wire diameters, This demonstrates the effects of composite on vibration damping. 30 10 Table 3. Vibration damping values ​​in composites using different wire diameters. representation in seconds The data and calculations in the table relate to different Ni-Ti wires at different temperatures (20°C and 50°C). types and damping times of a Ni-Ti-free glass fiber epoxy composite and demonstrates the effect of these temperature variations on the damping potential. The invention In light of all this data, it has been proven that the vibration damping capacity has increased, both to contribute to finding the desired minimum Ni-Ti percentage (0.39%). It has provided. It has overcome the problems of the classical series. All these developments have contributed to the invention. This was done using an innovative type of layout developed in the method. Shape memory nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix material. Thanks to the manufacturing method of a thin rectangular active vibration damper (ATS) plate Production defects have been reduced. Glass fiber and Ni-Ti reinforced active vibration damper 15 When considering a hybrid composite plate (ATS), the first question is under what conditions the composite is formed. It has been determined that it will work. For a system that will operate at room temperature, the austenite phase If the temperature is lower than room temperature, the system will remain continuously active. This Therefore, the austenite temperature must always be above the operating temperature. Otherwise... In that case, the ATS composite will remain continuously active and its use will become unnecessary. 20 will be received. After the temperature conditions of the environment where the ATS plate is planned to be used are determined. Then, a Ni-Ti with an austenite phase transition temperature suitable for these temperature values. The alloy selection has been completed. After this stage, the overall design of the composite will be carried out. and its placement, the stage where the form of the Ni-Ti material needs to be decided. This process involved the mechanical properties of the selected material and the phase 25 of the alloy. transformation characteristics in accordance with the requirements of the application area This evaluation involved the design and performance of the active vibration damping system. This has been a critical step that directly affects its performance. By applying electricity. 11 In an ATS to be activated, the matrix material and the reinforcement other than Ni-Ti must be electrically charged. It should not be conductive. Therefore, a reinforcing element like carbon fiber is necessary. It was not suitable in that sense. Instead, glass fiber was chosen. 5 10 15 20 25 30

Claims

12 REQUESTS 1. Production of shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate. Its method and characteristic is; 5 i. the environment to which the composite plate will be exposed and the temperature range of that environment determination, ii. Appropriate austenite phase transformation according to the specified temperature range Selecting Ni-Ti wire with the specified temperature, iii. The desired 10 rectangular composite molds for the vacuum infusion method Creating the width and height larger than the dimensions iv. The first 5 glass-fiber layers are placed in the created mold at angles of 0 and 90 degrees respectively. laying out, adding Ni-Ti single-piece wire, and then 0 and 90 degrees By laying the last 5 layers at angles, a total of 11 layers are created. v. vacuuming the mold for the infusion process, 15 vi. Injection of epoxy-amine based curing mixture into the vacuumed mold. being done, vii. Waiting for the composite to cure with the curing agent, viii. Cutting the formed composite and completing the production, 20 It includes the steps of the process.

2. The method of manufacturing a hybrid composite plate according to Claim 1, and its characteristics are: i. the environment to which the composite plate will be exposed and the temperature range of that environment determination, ii. The appropriate austenite phase transition temperature according to the determined temperature range is 25 Selecting Ni-Ti wire with a temperature of 50°C, iii. The desired rectangular composite mold for the vacuum infusion method. With dimensions 20 mm larger in width and length, measuring 120x320x2. creation, iv. The first 5 glass-fiber layers are placed in the created mold at angles of 0 and 90 degrees respectively. laying, adding a single piece of 120 mm long Ni-Ti wire and more Then, the last 5 layers are laid at angles of 0 and 90 degrees, thus creating 11 creation of the layer, v. Vacuuming the mold for the infusion process, 13 vi. 50% by volume of epoxy-amine based curing agent mixture is added to the vacuumed mold. Injection of epoxy resin with a 50% curing agent ratio. vii. Allowing the composite to cure for 10 hours with a composite curing agent. viii. cutting the formed composite to dimensions of 100x300x2 and production completion, 5 It includes the steps of the process.

3. Shape memory alloy-modified active material produced by a method according to claim 1 or 2. Vibration damping hybrid composite plate.

4. According to claim 3, it is a hybrid composite plate consisting of glass fiber, epoxy resin, and amine. It contains a base curing agent and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire. 10 5. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by having the following in the first and last 5 layers: glass fiber fabric, with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire in the 6th layer in the very center. It contains a total of 11 layers.

6. A hybrid composite plate according to any of claims 3-5, with the following characteristics: Its dimensions are 100x300x2 mm and it weighs 110 grams. 15 7. A hybrid composite plate according to any of claims 3-6, the characteristic of which is; mentioned The diameter of the Ni-Ti alloy wire used is 0.5 mm.

8. A hybrid composite plate according to any of claims 3-6, the characteristic of which is; mentioned The diameter of the Ni-Ti alloy wire used is 1 mm.

9. According to claim 7, it is a hybrid composite plate whose characteristic is that the composite plate is Ni-Ti 20 The rate is 0.39%.

10. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 8, characterized by the Ni-Ti ratio of the composite plate. It is 1.57%.

11. According to claim 8, it is a hybrid composite plate with the characteristic of being 49% glass fiber and 49.43% epoxy. Resin and amine-based curing agent 1.57% nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire 25 It includes.

12. According to claim 11, it is a hybrid composite plate whose characteristic is; the aforementioned epoxy resin. and the amine-based curing agent should be in a 50%-50% ratio by volume.

13. It is a shape memory alloy-reinforced active vibration damping hybrid composite plate. Its distinguishing feature is that it contains glass fiber, epoxy resin, and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire. 30 14. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 13, characterized by having glass in the first and last 5 layers. fiber fabric, in the very center of the 6th layer, is a single piece and 120 mm long nickel-plated. It consists of a total of 11 layers, including titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire. 14 15. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 13 or 14, with the following specifications: 100x300x2 mm Its dimensions are such that it weighs 110 grams.

16. A hybrid composite plate according to any of claims 13-15, and its characteristic is; The diameter of the Ni-Ti alloy wire used is 0.5 mm.

17. A hybrid composite plate according to any of claims 13-15, and its characteristic is; mentioned in 5 The diameter of the Ni-Ti alloy wire used is 1 mm.

18. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that the composite plate is Ni-Ti The rate is 0.39%.

19. According to claim 17, it is a hybrid composite plate whose characteristic is that the composite plate is Ni-Ti The rate is 1.57%. 10 20. A hybrid composite plate according to claim 19, consisting of 49% glass fiber and 49.43%... Epoxy resin and amine-based curing agent, 1.57% nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy wire. It includes. 15 20 25 30

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