A system and method for measuring the specific heat capacities of substances using uninsulated containers and microprocessors.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for measuring the specific heat of materials that eliminates the need for insulated containers or thermoses and the problems of heat loss in measurements by using a microprocessor.

Description

1 TARIFF SPECIFIC HEATS OF SUBSTANCES IN UNINSULATED CONTAINERS AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD USING MICROPROCESSORS The technical field to which the invention relates: The invention describes the measurement of the specific heat of substances using a microprocessor in an insulated container or 5 Eliminates the need for thermos use and solves heat loss problems in measurements. It relates to the system and method of measuring the specific heat of matter. State of the art: Measurements of the specific heat (specific heat) of substances are carried out for various purposes and requirements. These measurements are carried out using various methods. These 10 If examples of methods are requested, measuring the specific heat of substances can be done with a calorimeter. This can be done using an (insulated container / thermos). Calorimeter and A complex and difficult technique is used, taking into account the heat capacity of the calorimeter vessel. This is determined. Since heat losses are always unavoidable in this technique, errors occur. The rates are generally very high. Calorimeters generally measure a certain amount of heat (15). This leads to leakage and complete thermal insulation cannot be achieved. In the industrial and sectoral context, calorimeters that are used eventually produce thermal energy after a short time. It loses its (thermal) insulation properties. During the measurements taken... Many errors can occur during temperature readings, which can be critical for measurement results. This can lead to changes. 20 The traditional techniques used yield low returns on measurements. and in situations where measurement tests need to be carried out continuously There are difficulties in terms of costs. The use of calorimeters in measuring the specific heat of matter. Application of alternative methods to measurement methods performed with [method name], specific heat measurement. This allows us to make the results more accurate and reliable, while also ensuring that 25 It enables the achievement of simple processes. In the current state of the art, various proposals have been made for systems for measuring the specific heat of matter, and Although applications have been developed, these improvements are insufficient. For this purpose... Some of the applications related to the developed inventions are given below. 2 Patent file number “CN109374674A” which is in the known state of the art. It has been examined. The invention that is the subject of the application is a solid specific heat capacity measuring device. It is related. A weighing device, a temperature measuring component, and a calorimeter device form a control unit. The specific heat capacity of a device being tested is simply determined by pairing it with an imaging device. It can be calculated automatically with a single operation. The control display device shows all 5 It obtains real-time data during the process. A single-chip chip is used for timing. When the microcomputer timer is used, an internal temperature sensor measures the temperature. It measures in real time, and the measuring device measures the corresponding time of a stopwatch. It is difficult to record the temperature change and the mixing process takes only a short time. Because the temperature inside varies greatly, measurement errors frequently occur, leading to problems. 10 This is a development aimed at minimizing heat loss to the environment using a microprocessor. heat by mathematically modeling it and using this mathematical equation Capacity or specific heat measurement is not disclosed. Patent file number “CN212514362U” exists in the known state of the art. It has been examined. The invention that is the subject of the application is a heater, a calorimeter, the heater and 15 A channel connecting the calorimeters is placed inside the object to be measured. a wireless temperature sensor and a thermocouple embedded in the inner wall of the calorimeter a physical experiment involving a type of thermal insulation solid specific heat capacity measuring device It is related to the field of instruments. A calorimeter has a spherical base. This involves arranging a measuring base above the center of the calorimeter's base, 20 Creating a channel in the measuring base, with the heater connected to the top of the channel. The arrangement of the objective stage is in a mode where the heater penetrates the left side wall surface. the arrangement of a push rod and a stirring paddle in the calorimeter It is characterized by its organization. Here, with the use of microprocessors and modeling. The relevant improvements are not included. 25 Patent file number “CN102116750A” which is in the known state of the art. It has been examined. The invention that is the subject of the application is to measure the specific heat capacity of the product. It describes a device. Here, the water container filled with ambient water is used for measuring and drying. It is arranged in a box. The first temperature sensor measures the ambient water temperature. To detect this, a second temperature sensor is placed in the water container, and the air in the measuring dryer box is 30°C. The measurement for sensing the temperature is arranged in the drying box. Measurement drying The air temperature inside the box is automatically controlled to match the ambient water temperature. 3 It changes with the modification, preheating drying box, measuring drying box on top. This is happening. The connection passage with the heat insulation valve is the preheating drying box. It is arranged underneath and on top of the measuring dryer box. Mathematically No models are included. In the current state of the art, there are methods for measuring the specific heat of matter. However, 5 Current methods for measuring the specific heat of matter, heat capacity, and specific gravity are used in the art. The requirement to use insulated containers or thermoses for temperature measurement has been removed. taking into account the heat capacity of the calorimeter in the measurements, in the measurement results It falls short in areas such as reducing unwanted error rates. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions, topic 10 Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. The purpose of the invention: The main purpose of the invention is the use of microprocessors and mathematical modeling. 15 with any container that does not have insulation properties, the specific heat of the materials can be reduced. The goal is to eliminate the need to use an isolation container for measurement. Another aim of the invention is to eliminate the problem of heat leakage by not using calorimeters. The advantage is that it is removed and thermal insulation is not required. Another purpose of the invention is to measure temperature during the measurement process using microprocessors. 20 Since it is done automatically using this method, the error rate is minimized. Another purpose of the invention is to measure the specific heat at the desired temperature. It is possible to do so. Another aim of the invention is to eliminate the need for unnecessary equipment during specific heat measurement. The goal is to reduce measurement costs by eliminating the measurement process. 25 The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with reference to these figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood as such. Therefore, the evaluation should also include these forms and detailed explanations. This should be done taking that into consideration. 4 Explanation of the figures: FIGURE -1; Sample temperature-time graph of the specific heat measurement system of the subject of the invention. It is a drawing that gives the image. FIGURE 2; Working mechanism of the specific heat measurement system of the subject of the invention. It is a drawing that gives the appearance. 5 Reference numbers: 1. Computer 2. Container 3. Microprocessor 4. Temperature sensor 10 5. Measuring equipment Sample of item 6. Description of the invention: The invention involves the measurement of heat capacity and specific heat of materials using a microprocessor. the necessity of using an insulated container or thermos and the heat loss in the measurements is 15 It is related to the specific heat measurement system and method that eliminates these problems. Specific heat measurement system, computer (1), container (2), microprocessor (3), temperature sensor (4) includes the measuring equipment (5) and the material sample (6). The material specific heat measurement system used in the invention is based on measuring during the measurement process. The mathematical 20 amount of heat escaping to the environment from a container without insulation properties (2) Determining this through modeling and then taking this heat loss into account It is based on the principle of using a measuring cup suitable for mathematical modeling of heat loss. A quantity (250 g) of water is added. Temperature sensor (4), breadboard measuring equipment consisting of parts such as connecting cables etc. (5) parts using a microprocessor (3) and reducing the water temperature over time, i.e., 25 Temperature-time data is collected at a rate of one data point every five seconds. A typical example... The temperature-time graph is shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, where the temperature-time graph is given, the vertical “S” axis is represented. The axis shows temperature values ​​(in Celsius), and the horizontal axis "Z" shows time values ​​(in seconds). It is stated that "K" is the starting point of the data collection process, and "L" is the point where the specific heat will be measured. The moment the substance sample (6) is thrown into the water, point “M” is hot water and substance the point at which the sample (6) reaches thermal equilibrium and “N” is the moment when data acquisition ends It shows. A temperature-time graph was drawn using the data obtained in order to carry out the measurement. Some data needs to be determined from this. 10 on the temperature-time graph. The initial time from point "L" is ti, the initial temperature is 𝑇, the final time from point M is 𝑡, and the water... The final equilibrium temperature can be determined as T. Heat loss of the material sample (6) from the system to the environment before it is thrown into the hot water by mathematically modeling the temperature-time graph, that is, the relationship between points "K" and "L" It can be found. Since the decrease in temperature over time is linear, this decrease is T15 It can be modeled with the mathematical equation 𝐴𝑡 𝐵. In this equation, A It gives the slope of the experimentally determined graph. Here, "A" is from the system outwards. It is a constant determined by the amount of heat that escapes. The sample of the substance whose specific heat is to be measured (6), Immediately after being placed in hot water, the temperature suddenly and rapidly increases over time. It is decreasing. This is because heat is transferred from the hot water to the cold substance, and substance 20 Depending on the amount of the sample (6), this heat exchange stops after a certain time. and the system (hot water-substance) reaches thermal equilibrium. In this case, the temperature-time The data then changes linearly again. This point is shown in Figure 1. "M" is the point on the temperature-time graph where linearity begins. This can be determined from the graph. In this case, the equilibrium temperature is at point "M" T 25 It can be found as follows. Based on these values, the true equilibrium temperature is the amount of heat released to the environment. By taking this into account, it can be mathematically modeled as follows. (a) 6 In equation (a) above, Δt t equilibrium moment and initial state, i.e., matter the time difference between the moment when the sample (6) was thrown into the hot water and T It represents the corrected true equilibrium temperature. In this case, the standard heat The specific heat can be determined indirectly using the heat exchange equation. Hot water... The amount of heat given off ΔQ m c T is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the cold substance. ΔQ m c T T must be equal. So here ΔQ The equation ΔQ can be written. From this, the specific heat of the material sample (6) can be determined. when it is withdrawn; c (b) The equation is given. In equation (b); 𝑚 is the mass of water, 𝑐 is the specific heat of water. (4.18 J / gC), 𝑇 is the initial temperature of the water, 𝑚 is the substance to be measured. the corrected equilibrium temperature of the sample (6), and finally the substance T. It represents the initial temperature of the sample (6). Some application steps when applying the specific heat of matter measurement system and method are 15. These stages are:  Measuring the mass (m) of the sample (6) using a precision balance,  Immersion of the substance sample (6) in tap water in a beaker, thermal waiting until equilibrium is reached and the initial sample of the substance (6) The temperature (𝑇 ) is recorded by the microprocessor (3), 20  Heating a sufficient amount of tap water by using a water heater. Here the mass of water is the mass of the sample of the substance (6) (𝑚 ) It should be approximately twice as much, and the mass of hot water (𝑚 ) should be measured on a precision balance. It should be measured. The amount of water is important and the sample of the substance (6) should be completely submerged in water. It must be sufficient to submerge it. The heat exchange mechanism must be clearly defined as 25 There shouldn't be too much so that it can be seen.  The hot water is poured into a non-insulating container (2) by the user and Immersion of the temperature sensor (4). Here it will reach equilibrium in about 1 minute. It should be expected that the temperature data of the computer (1) will be a function of time. Collection should be initiated. 30 7  After about 5 minutes, the microprocessor (3) continuously collects the data while the item throwing the sample (6) into hot water,  Continue collecting data with the temperature sensor (4) for approximately 5 more minutes and then data collection is stopped by the microprocessor (3). Sharp After a temperature drop, thermal equilibrium must eventually be reached, and the temperature will be 5 It should remain almost constant.  Temperature-time graph by using the collected temperature data drawing on the computer (1),  On the computer, a second graph can be drawn between the points K and L which can be seen in Figure-1 (1). drawing. On this graph, the initial linear part of the graph is drawn as 10 mathematical modeling and linear heat loss to the environment determination of the slope ( .) on the computer (1),  Using the graph, the microprocessor can determine the moment when thermal equilibrium is reached (3) Hot water and cold substance sample as estimated by (6) The time interval of heat exchange between them, defined by Δt t , is 15 determination. This moment is the starting point of the second linear relationship in the graph. from the second plateau of the temperature-time graph by looking at the thermal equilibrium point This can be determined by using this information.  Using the graph, the microprocessor (3) determines the thermal equilibrium temperature (T). determination, 20  Using the graph, the initial temperature of the water can be determined by the microprocessor (3). Determination of (T),  To eliminate heat loss from the container (2) to the environment, the graph shows the sample The slope for heat loss from the section before disposal (between K and L in the graph) determination, 25  Actual equilibrium determined by the microprocessor using equation (a). determination of temperature and using this to derive equation (b) of specific heat It is determined using...

Claims

8 REQUESTS 1. To enable the measurement of the heat capacity and specific heat of substances. It is a method of measuring the specific heat of matter, which is run on a microprocessor (3), and its feature is; - Measuring the mass of the sample (6) using a precision balance, - Immersion of the sample of the substance (6) in tap water in a beaker 5 and then waiting until thermal equilibrium is reached, the substance The initial temperature of the sample (6) is determined by the microprocessor (3) recording, - When using a water heater, the tap water to be used for measurement, The mass of the material sample (6) is approximately twice that of the mass of 10 on condition that the mass of the incoming hot water is measured using a precision balance heating, - The hot water is poured into a non-insulating container (2) by the user and Immersion of the temperature sensor (4) in the (2) container,  After 5 minutes of immersion of the temperature sensor (4), the microprocessor 15 (3) continuously collecting data while the substance sample (6) user being thrown into hot water by - throwing the sample of the substance (6) into hot water by the user then continue collecting data with the temperature sensor (4) for 5 minutes and then data collection is stopped by the microprocessor (3), 20 - temperature-time graph using collected temperature data drawing on the computer (1), - between points K and L on the temperature-time graph (1) in the computer drawing a second graph,  by using the temperature-time graph by the microprocessor (3) 25 By predicting the moment when thermal equilibrium is reached, hot and cold water can be used. heat exchange defined by Δt t t between the material sample (6) determining the time interval, - by using the temperature-time graph by the microprocessor (3) Determination of thermal equilibrium temperature, 30 - by using the temperature-time graph by the microprocessor (3) Determining the initial water temperature, 9 - To eliminate heat loss from the container (2) to the environment, the graph's K and L microprocessor (3) from the section before the sample is discarded determining the slope for heat loss by, - The actual equilibrium temperature is determined by the microprocessor (3) from equation (a). by determining and then using equation (b) the specific heat is 5 The process of determining this includes the steps involved.

2. A method for measuring the specific heat of matter in accordance with Claim 1, the characteristic of which is; hot water. pouring into a non-insulating container (2) and immersing the temperature sensor (4) The process step involves waiting for the hot water to equilibrate for 1 minute. and temperature data by computer (1) as a function of time 10 The summation process involves initiating the operation.

3. A method for measuring the specific heat of matter that conforms to Claim 1, and whose characteristic is temperature-time. The process step involves drawing a second graph between points K and L on the first graph. mathematically represent the initial linear portion of the graph on the graph. modeling and determining the slope of linear heat loss to the environment 15 It includes.

4. A method for measuring the specific heat of matter that conforms to Claim 1, and whose characteristic is temperature-time. By using the graph, the moment when thermal equilibrium is reached can be estimated. heat defined by Δt t t between water and cold substance sample (6) Determining the time interval of the exchange is the process step, temperature-time 20 Thermal equilibrium, which is the starting point of the second linear relationship in the graph. By looking at this point, using the second plateau of the temperature-time graph It involves determining it.

5. Specific heat of matter, which enables the measurement of heat capacity and specific heat of substances. It is a measurement system, and its characteristic is; 25 - Collection of temperature data from temperature sensors (4) at least one computer (1) that provides - a non-insulating material into which hot water is poured during measurement. a few cups (2), - the data on the decrease in water temperature over time will be considered as data. at least one microprocessor (3) was received - minimum required to obtain temperature readings in water temperature measurement one temperature sensor (4), - In order to measure the specific heat, 5 of the substance whose specific heat is to be measured must be present. The substance sample taken contains (6).

6. A material specific heat measurement system conforming to Claim 5, whose characteristics are: connection and measurement. To enable these processes, a test board and measuring cables are needed. It includes equipment (5). 15