SINGLE-PHASE DOUBLE-SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR AND DRIVER DESIGN

Abstract

The invention relates to the design of a single-phase, dual-speed induction motor and drive capable of varying torque and speed adjustment, developed for use in electric motors, particularly in applications requiring flexible speed adjustment, industrial automation systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems, and pump and fan applications. The invention proposes a new switch topology that will increase the starting torque and replace the centrifugal switch and capacitor used in the design.

Description

1 TARIFF SINGLE-PHASE DOUBLE-SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR AND DRIVER DESIGN TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention applies to electric motors, especially where flexible speed adjustment is required. in applications, industrial automation systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation) Used in pump and fan applications in (air conditioning) systems. Developed with different torque and speed adjustment capabilities, single-phase dual-speed drive. Induction motor and driver design is related to this. 10 The invention uses a centrifugal switch in the design that will increase the initial moment n. A new switch topology has been planned where the capacitor will be located. STATE OF THE ART 15 Asynchronous motors are easy to use because of their simple structure, low maintenance requirements, and low cost. Their reliability and consistent workmanship make them the most preferred electric vehicles. What are the names of the authors? (Akar and Soyaslan, 2011; Benbouz, 1998; Ünsal and Karakaya, (2015). In addition to three-phase asynchronous motors used in every field of industry, single-phase motors are also used. Three-phase asynchronous motors are also used in small power washing machines, pumps, refrigerators, etc. They are used in systems or single-phase receivers. They are very commonly used. In the event of any malfunction in asynchronous motors, the production processes In addition to disruptions, increased maintenance and costs lead to loss of labor and time. Therefore, it can lead to economic losses, especially in Turkey. Approximately 36% of total electricity consumption, and about 25% in industry. Considering that 70% of the energy is consumed by asynchronous motors, what is the significance of this? It can be realized how important this is (Soy, 2016). Therefore, in these engines... Detecting faults and taking proactive measures to prevent these faults. It is of great importance. (Electrical and Mechanical Failures of Asynchronous Motors) Evaluation by YB Koca, A. Ünsal) 30 When examining the malfunctions that occur in asynchronous motors, it is fundamentally related to the mechanical system. It is known that it is electrically divided into two. However, the more major one is... 2 There are also fault types. When the main faults in asynchronous motors are examined... The following GBBR classification can be performed (Nand and Tolyat, 1999). a) If one or more stator phase windings are short-circuited or open-circuited resulting in stator failures. 5 b) Abnormal connections of stator windings c) Broken rotor bar or cracked rotor end rings, d) Static and / or dynamic air gap irregularities, e) ml fracture due to friction between stator and rotor f) Rotor windings short circuit 10 g) Bearing and gearbox failures. A single-phase asynchronous motor operating on a single-phase power supply, three-phase The motors comply with the same mechanical standards. Main and auxiliary windings. to create a rotating magnetic field using electromagnetic induction 15 They are durable. These motors are connected to a single-phase contactor in the intended application. They can be equipped with permanent capacitors or starting and permanent circuit capacitors. Despite having a simpler motor structure, single-phase motors are similar to three-phase motors. It offers lower starting torque and lower performance compared to others. Disadvantages of Single-Phase Induction Motors; Low Output Power: Single-phase induction motors have a specific frame size and Considering the operating temperature, only three-phase induction motors It can provide up to 50% of the output power. This means the motor will operate less efficiently at 25. This leads to it having limited scope of study and more restricted application areas. Self-starting failure: Single-phase induction motors, due to their natural rotating nature... It doesn't start on its own because it doesn't create a magnetic field. For the initial motion... additional starting mechanism (auxiliary windings, capacitors or external power) This requires a certain amount of power. This complicates the design and cost of the engine. 30 3 Low Power Factor: Single-phase motors generally have a low power factor. The power factor causes more reactive power to be drawn from the electrical grid, this This increases energy losses and raises energy costs. Low Efficiency: The energy conversion efficiency of single-phase motors is generally lower than that of three-phase motors. It is lower than that of engines. This causes them to consume more energy for the same job. 5 This happens and increases operating costs. Lack of Starting Torque: Single-phase motors do not have a natural starting torque. It is not. Therefore, it is especially suitable for applications requiring high starting torque. It is not suitable. Low starting torque prevents the motor from starting heavy loads. This can lead to insufficient performance. 10 Higher Cost Efficiency: For the same power output, single-phase motors are more cost-effective than three-phase motors. It is more expensive in comparison. This cost difference generally results in the engine being less efficient. The operation and initial equipment costs result in extra expenses. Limited Application Areas: Single-phase motors are generally used for smaller loads and household applications. Suitable for various applications. Compared to three-phase motors, it is 15 in industrial applications. Their uses are limited. This situation means that single-phase motors are limited to commercial and industrial applications. It reduces competitiveness in this respect. These disadvantages mean that single-phase induction motors are mostly used in low-power and basic applications. This leads to it being preferred for applications. However, in our invention, the initial 20 will increase the moment n and the centrifugal switch and capacitor used in the design A new key topographic plan has been prepared for the area. DEFINITION OF INVENTION The present invention aims to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and the related technical 25 Single-phase, dual-speed induction motor developed to bring new advantages to the field. and is related to driver design. The purpose of the invention is to modify the main and auxiliary windings found in motor windings. new connection topology combined with this structure and power electronics 30 Designed to be supported by additional components, it replaces traditional single-phase induction. Capacitors and mechanical equipment used in starting motors, especially The goal is to completely eliminate elements like the central switch and other components. 4 Another objective of the invention is to improve the starting of the engine thanks to the designed driver system. by creating the necessary rotating magnetic field during this stage, it can operate on its own. This simplifies the initial mechanism and also... This enables the engine to operate more safely. 5 Another aim of the invention is to have the capacity to generate high torque at low speeds. It solves the problem of low starting torque of traditional single-phase motors. This feature allows the engine to perform better under heavy loads. It provides. 10 This design offers the advantage of requiring no maintenance for a long time, as well as... This ensures the engine has a long lifespan and operates efficiently. Thanks to innovative connection topology and power electronics solutions, the motor's wide range of applications... It is intended to be usable in the field of application. 15 Another aim of the invention is its capacity to generate high torque at low speeds. Especially for transporting heavy loads and applications requiring high starting torque. It offers an ideal solution for processes requiring precise speed control. Another purpose of the invention is to create mechanical devices such as capacitors and centrifugal switches. By eliminating the use of additional equipment, it reduces operating costs and The goal is to minimize maintenance requirements. This is an economic advantage for industrial enterprises. It provides an advantage. Another aim of the invention is to generate energy through the use of power electronics equipment. It has a design that increases yield. This provides both cost advantages to the industry. It also contributes to environmental responsibility. Furthermore, it has high energy efficiency. This system, which aligns with sustainability goals, is a preferred choice in various industries. Another aim of the invention is to easily adapt the innovative design to different industrial applications. The creation of a PBR product with an adapted LEB LRBR structure is done at low speeds. from systems requiring high torque to systems requiring high speed and precise control It offers a wide range of applications, from various industries. This flexibility allows it to thrive in diverse sectors. It increases applicability in various sectors. Another aim of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and lower maintenance requirements. By offering an environmentally friendly solution, the industry can easily adapt to these requirements. It helps to ensure this. Solutions The present invention, briefly summarized above and discussed in more detail below, applications, example applications of the invention are depicted in the attached drawings. This can be understood by referring to the reference. However, the attached drawings are only typical of this invention. It describes the applications and inventions, and therefore, other equally effective ones. Since it may allow applications, it cannot be assumed that it limits its scope. It should be noted. To make it easier to understand, indicate the identical elements that are common to the shapes. Identical reference numbers have been used where possible. Figures are to scale. It is not drawn and can be simplified for clarity. The elements of an application and Its features are useful to other applications without needing further explanation. It is thought that it can be included in this way. Figure 1: Physical structure of a single-phase induction motor. Figure 2: Connection diagram of a single-phase motor 25 Figure 3: Bipolar operation of the stator a) stator model Figure 4: Bipolar operation of the stator b) connection diagram Figure 5: Connection diagram for four-pole operation of the stator. Figure 6: Driver for controlling the motor. 6 Figure 7: Driver-motor connection for motor control. Explanation of Details in the Solutions The corresponding reference numbers shown in the figures are given below. 5 1- Stator structure 1a) Stator slots 2- Main winding placed in the stator slots 3- Auxiliary bandage 4- Main coil 10 5- Auxiliary bandage 6- 1. Main winding end 7- 1. Main coil end 8- 2. Main winding end 9- 2. Main Coil End 15 10- 1. Auxiliary bandage end 11- 1. Auxiliary bandage end 12- 2. Auxiliary bandage end 13- 2. Auxiliary bandage end L1: Phase 1 20 L2: Phase 2 L3: Phase 3 DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION This detailed explanation includes the preferred alternatives to the design of the invention. purely for the purpose of better understanding the subject and without any limiting influence It is explained in a way that will not create a problem. Our invention consists of a single-phase motor and a connected drive. 30 The physical structure of the single-phase induction motor in our invention is detailed in Figure 1. This structure is shown as follows: In this structure, the basic components that enable the engine to function are... There are three main structures that make up the components: 7 1. Stator: The stator, which forms the stationary part of the motor, is the basic component of the magnetic circuit. It is a component that contains the grooves where the windings are placed. The stator is the magnetic field of the motor. Critical thinking plays a role in the field creation process. 2. Main Windings (2,4): The main windings (2,4) are the essential components that enable the motor to operate. These are windings. They carry the main current to create the magnetic field of the stator and 5 It plays a primary role in generating the main forces that cause the engine to rotate. 3. Auxiliary Windings (3,5): Auxiliary windings (3,5) start the motor which helps in generating the necessary rotating magnetic field during the process These are windings. They are also important in increasing the stability of the motor during operation. It contributes. 10 Stator structure (1) is produced from sl sl sheets and is the same as classic induction motors. It is designed with 24 or 36 grooves. The motor's stator windings are placed in special compartments called stator slots (1a). These grooves allow the motor windings to be positioned evenly and securely. It enables positioning. In classic single-phase induction motors, the stator Approximately 2 / 3 of its grooves (1a) are from the main windings (2,4), and 1 / 3 are from the auxiliary windings. (3,5) is formed. This ratio is the motor's operating performance and magnetic field. It is an ideal distribution to ensure balance. 20 Our invention adopts a ratio similar to that of a classic motor design. Main windings (2,4) and auxiliary windings (3,5) are placed in the stator slots (1a), starting the motor. and is designed to optimize work performance. This layout, The motor has both the ability to generate a magnetic field and high performance at low speeds. It increases the torque generation capacity. Our invention provides a more efficient speed control for classic single-phase induction motors. It includes an innovation aimed at making it more flexible. Classic engines are generally... The sab tbr operates at a frequency, and this means the motor's speed depends only on the number of poles and 30 It allows the speed to be determined depending on the applied frequency. However, in these types of motors, the speed Controlling it is generally difficult because it requires changing the engine's operating speed. Generally, only frequency control can be performed. The number of poles can be changed (for example, even). 8 (speed-stage motors) are either 3-phase or 3-phase, as determined during the motor's manufacturing process. There is a limited method determined by a specific winding technique in the systems. Classic single-phase induction motors are generally available in single-pole or four-pole configurations. It is designed. The number of poles of a motor determines the theoretical speed of the motor. This speed determines the motor's 5 It depends on the frequency at which it operates and the number of poles: Here, n is the revolutions per minute (rpm), f is the frequency (Hz), and 2p is the number of poles. It indicates. However, the number of poles determined during the motor's construction phase means that this motor operates at a constant frequency of 10V. This means that the engine operates at a constant speed (without a driver). To change it, usually only the motor's supply frequency needs to be changed. necessary r. In our invention, the ends of the motor windings are brought out individually, and these 15 Wider speed control is achieved by controlling the windings with the help of a driver. The aim is to achieve this. This method allows the motor's speed to be adjusted solely by frequency changes. not only that, but also the winding ends are controlled independently of each other. ed lmes also means that it can be adjusted. The key advantages of our invention are as follows: 1. Providing Two Different Speed ​​Levels: Switching between different speed levels of the motor This allows users to do so, especially in situations where speed changes are required in practice. It provides flexibility. This is a more efficient solution than classic dual-speed motors. 25 That's possible because there's no separate mechanism or manual control to change the motor's speed. No intervention is required. The motor can switch between different speeds with driver assistance. 2. Frequency Control and Wide Spectrum Rate Control: Traditional Induction In these motors, speed is generally controlled solely by frequency variation. This type of motor... In this system, as the motor speed increases, iron losses (especially rotor losses) increase, which is 30 It reduces the yield. However, in your invention, frequency control and the winding ends of the motor... By combining separate controls, a wide range of speed control is provided, 9 It is also possible to minimize iron losses. In this way, more With this method, speed control can be achieved, and the motor can operate with lower losses. 3. Reducing the Disadvantages of Frequency Control: Traditional frequency control In these systems, motor efficiency generally decreases at low speeds because rotor losses are 5. and iron losses also increase significantly. In addition, at low speeds generally Torque production also decreases. However, in your invention, this can be achieved by controlling the winding ends of the motor. Losses can be optimized. The motor speed can be adjusted regardless of frequency variation. And it becomes possible to adjust the torque more efficiently. 4. Combination of Speed ​​Levels and Frequency Control: Your Invention, It combines the classic dual-speed stepper motor features and frequency control. Dual speed Stepper motors are generally used for specific speed options and at a constant speed. It works. However, this new technology allows for speed control over a wider spectrum. It allows you to adjust the speed, and also switch between speed levels without changing the frequency. The fact that it can be done is also a significant advantage. This invention significantly improves speed control of classic single-phase induction motors. It looks like it's coming from somewhere. Both the frequency control and the winding ends. By combining independent control, a wider speed control range is achieved, at the same time. Engine efficiency is also being increased over time. This innovation improves engine performance by 20 To increase energy efficiency and offer more flexible speed control, it is powerful. This could be a solution. This type of motor technology, especially one that allows for flexible speed control... in applications requiring adjustment, industrial automation systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems, pumps and fans. It can be used in applications. 25 In classic single-phase induction motors, the main motor's characteristics depend on the motor's rotational speed. The ends of the main (2,4) and auxiliary (3,5) bandages are connected to each other and the two ends are connected to the main The end of the winding (2,4) is connected to the mains from the auxiliary winding (3,5). Here the winding is 30 The connection combination and the status of being connected to the grid generally depend on the motor's production. The torque and speed of the motor are determined in this phase and adjusted accordingly within a limited range. This is ensured. However, here, the motor is controlled by a driver that we have connected to the motor. As a result of connecting the 8 outputs coming from its coils to the grid in different combinations. A very wide range of speed and torque adjustment is provided. The stator, stator windings, and winding connections used in our invention are shown below. It has been explained. 5 Motor Output ends Connection points 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R N Short Circuit Terminals Table 1. Stator main (4) and auxiliary windings (3,5) for bipolar operation combination of ends 10 Motor Output ends Connectors 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R N Short Circuit Terminals Table 2. Four-pole operation of stator main (4) and auxiliary windings (3,5) n 15 combination of end connections The design of the motor-drive system will be based on the arrangements shown in Figure 5. Here, the figure marked with 'a' represents a performance previously discussed in various scientific articles. It is a proven and widely used key topology representation. This 20 Topology is a generally preferred structure in motor drives, as it is reliable and It offers a certain performance. On the other hand, the figure shown in this diagram, This section reveals the unique aspects of our invention. This section describes the design of the engine. It offers a structure specifically designed to enable it to achieve performance criteria. and ensures that the engine operates with high efficiency. This part of the invention is based on the previous 25 11 Unlike other designs, this increases the engine's efficiency and allows for more effective operation. It includes a new approach that provides this. Thanks to this, the overall performance of the motor driver... by optimizing performance, a more efficient and durable braking system is obtained. that is the goal. In this way, the speed control of the motor will be carried out more efficiently. 5 It provides efficient speed control, especially in frequency control. 15 25

Claims

12 REQUESTS 1- The invention relates to the design and operation of a single-phase, dual-speed induction motor and driver. method le lg l and its feature ; 5 - The ends of the main winding (2,4) and auxiliary windings (3,5) of the motor are separate separate removal - The 8 outputs from the motor windings are connected to the grid in different combinations. connecting, 10 - These are the steps involved in checking the winding ends with the help of the driver. Çermes Dr. 2- The invention relates to the design of a single-phase, dual-speed induction motor and driver. 15 feature; - Driver-assisted controlled and independently configured main Bandage ends (6,7,8,9) and auxiliary bandage ends (10,11,12,13) ​​are included. 3- The invention is the design of a single-phase, dual-speed induction motor and driver according to Claim 2. le lg l and, in the k-pole operation of the stator windings, the connection terminals feature; 1. Main winding end (6) which is placed in the R connection points of the motor output terminals and 1. Auxiliary winding end (10), 2. Main winding placed at N connection points 1.25 auxiliary winding end (8) and 2. Auxiliary winding end (12) are placed as short circuit ends. Main winding end (7), 2nd Main winding end (9), 1st Auxiliary winding end (11) and 2nd Auxiliary bandage end (13) is a bandage. 4- The invention relates to the design of a single-phase, dual-speed induction motor and driver according to Claim 2. le lg l and, in the four-pole operation of the stator windings, the connection terminals are 30 feature; 1. Main winding end (6) which is placed in the R connection points of the motor output terminals and 1. Auxiliary winding end (10), 2. Main winding placed at N connection points 13 1. Auxiliary winding end (9) and 1. Auxiliary winding end (11) are placed as short circuit ends. Main winding end (7), 2. Main winding end (8), 2. Auxiliary winding end (12), 2. Auxiliary bandage end (13) is a bandage. 10 20 30

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