REDUCING BEAMFORMING FEEDBACK FOR UPWARD MI-MIMO.

Abstract

Some of the applications presented in the current explanation involve an access point (AP) having multiple It relates to wireless communication between devices. A single device is mentioned for multiple devices. The trigger frame is being transmitted and those wishing to participate in the upstream connection communication The devices respond with information based on the orientation information they provide. Devices are grouped, and feedback information is generated separately for each group. The directional beams are transmitted to relevant groups. Devices can communicate with the AP based on this feedback information.

Description

6136 / TR 1 TARIFF REDUCING BEAMFORMING FEEDBACK FOR UPWARD MI-MIMO. The current explanation generally concerns wireless communication and specifically multi-user, multi-input 5-bit communication. Beamforming in uplinks in multi-output (MU-MIMO) networks. It relates to feedback. More specifically, the current description concerns this type of beam. methods and apparatus that enable the generation and use of shaping feedback It is related. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Upward (UL) channel access is a critical focus area in both Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks. This has become the case because the efficient management of UL resources directly impacts the network. It affects performance and user experience. Upward access is discussed in the literature. 15 Two main approaches to access have emerged: planned access (SA) and random access. (RA). In the RA approach, each user submits their service request independently; this situation, 20 topics related to ensuring time synchronization and separating conflicting signals. It places a significant load on the base station (BS). Despite its widespread use, RA is particularly serious in scenarios involving high user density. This can lead to limitations, as resource management and signal separation are complex and inefficient. It can become a certain state. Another approach is SA, where the base station provides simultaneous service to all users. It initiates upstream communication by sending a trigger frame. However, this This approach also brings with it some unique challenges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION 30 Here, an efficient beamforming system for uplink connectivity in MU-MIMO wireless networks. Methods, techniques, and devices for providing shaping feedback. It is explained. 6136 / TR 2 The invention is defined by the features given in independent claims. Some examples: The applications were provided in dependent requests. For example, an access point (AP) for wireless communication is being developed, and triggering is 5. A receiver configured to transmit information and receive response information from multiple devices. the transmitter; and directional information from response information to each of multiple devices. will determine the multiple devices mentioned, based on the orientation information of the multiple devices involved. It will divide them into at least two groups, generate feedback data separately for each group, and The aforementioned transceiver, based on the orientation information of the devices within the group, each group has 10 a process structured to enable it to transmit relevant feedback information. It includes the circuit. Currently, the subject matter described here, including these and other features and characteristics... as well as the working methods and functions of the relevant elements of the structures, and the parts and production 15 the combination of their economies, all of which form part of this specification in the annex. The following explanation and attached requirements become clearer when referenced in the drawings. will come. However, the drawings are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and It should be clearly understood that this is not intended as a definition of the boundaries of the subject matter being discussed. As used in specifications and claims, the singular form of the terms “one” and “referred to” is 20 Unless the context explicitly states otherwise, it also includes plural references. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The structure and advantages of various applications are described in the following figures: 25 understandable. Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an example communication system; FIGURE 2 shows an access point (AP) with multiple wireless devices of various types. It is a schematic drawing showing; 30 FIGURE 3 shows a timeline illustrating a scheduled access approach on a wireless network. It is a diagram; FIGURE 4 shows a timeline illustrating a planned access approach according to an application. It is a diagram; 6136 / TR 3 FIGURE 5 is a block diagram of an example AP; FIGURE 6 shows a schematic illustrating the transmission of a trigger frame (TF) or trigger information. It is a drawing; FIGURE 7 shows wireless devices responding with either an empty data packet (NDP) or response information. It is a schematic drawing showing; 5 FIGURE 8 shows the AP providing feedback information to two groups of devices via two beams, respectively. It is a schematic drawing showing the reference; FIGURE 9, a beamforming feedback matrix of AP for each group, respectively. It is a schematic drawing showing the reference; FIGURE 10, beam direction and 10 used by AP to send feedback information. It is a schematic drawing showing the beam width; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the sectoral approach; Figure 12 illustrates the method for an AP that communicates wirelessly with multiple devices. It is a flowchart; FIGURE 13 illustrates the method for an AP that communicates wirelessly with multiple devices. It is a flowchart; FIGURE 14 shows a stream illustrating the wireless communication method performed by an AP. It is a diagram. Similar reference numbers and symbols in various forms may be used for specific example applications. It shows similar elements accordingly. DETAILED EXPLANATION From now on, for explanatory purposes, "end", "top", "bottom", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "peak", 25 The terms "base," "lateral," and "longitudinal," and their derivatives, are used in drawing styles. It will be associated with the subject matter as explained, as directed. However, unless the opposite is explicitly stated. Unless otherwise specified, the subject described may have various alternative variations and sequences of steps. It should be understood that it can be obtained. As shown in the attached drawings and described in the specification below. 30 specific devices and processes, simple examples or aspects of the subject matter described It should be understood that this is the case. Therefore, specific aspects related to the practices or aspects described here are important. Dimensions and other physical characteristics are, unless otherwise stated, limiting factors. should not be evaluated. 6136 / TR 4 Unless explicitly defined as such, no aspect, component, element, structure, action, step, used Functions, instructions, and / or similar elements should not be configured as critical or necessary. Furthermore, as used here, the expression "one" can contain one or more elements. is intended and alternates with the expressions "one or more" and "at least one". It is available. Also, as used here, the term "specific" refers to one or more items. 5 (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items and / or) It aims to include (similar to) and alternate with "one or more" or "at least one". It can be used as "one piece" or similar in cases where only one item is intended. A linguistic term is used. Also, as used, "owner", "to have", "having". or similar expressions are intended to be open-ended terms. Furthermore, the expression "based on" is 10 Unless explicitly stated otherwise, it means "at least partly based on". Furthermore, the terms "include" and "contain / cover" are used interchangeably in this document. It should be understood that it is available and its scope is not restrictive. Figure 1 shows that Tx represents a wireless signal transmitter and Rx represents a wireless signal receiver. It shows an example communication system (CS). The transmitter (Tx) communicates via an interface (ltf). It has the ability to transmit or broadcast a signal to a receiver (Rx) or a group of receivers. The interface in question (ltf) could be, for example, a wireless interface. Interface (ltf), transmitter (Tx) and receiver. (Rx) can be specified through the resources available for transmission and reception. There are 20 such resources. The sources are one of the following: time domain, frequency domain, code domain, and space domain (i.e., beam). It can be defined in more than (or all) parts. Generally, the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) It should be noted that both can be integrated into the same device (Tx+Rx). Another In other words, the Tx and Rx devices given in Figure 1 also represent the functionality of Rx and Tx, respectively. may include. 25 The current description does not apply to any specific transmitter (Tx), receiver (Rx), and / or interface (ltf) implementation. It is not limited to. However, some existing communication systems and the capabilities of such systems It can be easily applied to extensions or new communication systems. Example: existing communication systems, for example, 5G New Radio (NR), 6G 30 with their current or future versions systems and / or IEEE 802.11 based systems (for example, recent studies) This can be done using IEEE 802.11be or similar. Additionally, transmitter and / or receiver pre-coding and It can support beamforming operations. For example, the interface (Itf) is a MIMO interface. It is possible. A transmitter and / or receiver can communicate with more than one other transmitter / receiver and above. 6136 / TR Multi-user MIMO in uplink and / or downlink connections. It can be implemented in a (MU-MIMO) architecture. In contrast, the current definition refers to the term "access point" as an access point belonging to a Wi-Fi standard. It is not limited to that point. More generally, it should be understood as the network access point. 5 Therefore, any base station or node that provides wireless access to a network. It includes. When an STA (station) or user or user station is referred to, These terms are not limited to devices that only support Wi-Fi. Instead, these terms It is used in a more general sense, and refers to users as defined within the 3GPP framework. equipment (UE) or any terminal device capable of wireless communication 10 It includes. Uplink Access in MU-MIMO Figure 2 shows a Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output 15 where example applications can be implemented. This shows a wireless communication setup using (MU-MIMO). This setup involves an access point. (AP) (200); and multiple stations, each having one or more antennas (STA, This includes STA1 to STA5 (211, 212, 221, 222, and 231). This general The AP mentioned in the configuration acts as a central node to manage communication within the network. by providing service, both downstream connection (from APs to STAs) and upstream connection 20 It coordinates transmissions (from STAs to APs). MU-MIMO technology enables different User (STA) data simultaneously across multiple spatial streams. by enabling its transmission, spectrally using the differences in the spatial signatures of each STA. It maximizes efficiency. Access point (200) is the most possible between spatial flows. Data transmission using beamforming techniques to achieve low interference 25 and performs reception, thus optimizing network efficiency and signal. It maintains its integrity. One access point (AP) (200) and multiple stations (STA) (211-231) AP (200) mentioned in the network is a central main satellite station for all communication activities 30 Each STA operates according to varying traffic demands, channel conditions, and antenna requirements. They may have different requirements with their configurations, which makes the AP (200) efficient. This requires adaptive resource allocation in order to function effectively. STAs, personal mobile devices, such as cell phones, smartphones, tablets, laptops 6136 / TR 6 computers, virtual reality glasses, or even some Internet of Things (IoT) devices These could be devices like these. In the uplink scenario where STAs transmit data to AP (200), AP (200), Multiple STAs can have 5 spatial channels, provided they have sufficiently orthogonal channels. (211-231) can be planned for the simultaneous transmission of data. This coordination, It is based on collecting Channel Status Information (CSI) from STAs (211-231). AP (200), this It uses CSI to determine spatial flow assignments and transmission plans. In this way By managing uplink access, the MU-MIMO architecture reduces latency. It increases efficiency and allows more devices to operate effectively in dense wireless environments. It ensures that it is supported. Uplink (UL) channel access is a focus in both Wi-Fi and 3GPP networks. It has become a key point because the efficient management of UL resources directly affects the network. It can affect performance and user experience. Upstream connection channel access, 15 These are typically the mechanisms by which a device obtains permission to transmit data to a network, for example, a Wi-Fi network. access point (AP) or a cellular base station (BS, eNB, gNB or (similar to) expresses. As mentioned above, uplink access Two approaches have emerged for managing access: planned access (SA) and random access (RA). To address these challenges, some standardization committees have been established, as exemplified in Figure 3. He proposed the SA approach. In SA, as the first step, an access point (AP) controls all a trigger frame (TF) simultaneously to users (221, 222, 211, 212 and 231) (301) initiates upstream communication by sending. In Figure 3, two users A scenario is shown (STA1 and STA2). Upstream connection (UL) resources 25 Users who wish to access the AP respond with an empty data packet (NDP) (311, 312) in the second step. They provide resources efficiently for these users. can plan. In systems using MU-MIMO, in the third step the access point (AP) also, A beamforming feedback report (BFR) including preencoder and channel information. (320) makes this process even more sensitive by sending pre-encoder and channel information 30 It aims to facilitate the beamforming process. BFR is the channel of each STA. It can include information and preencoder information; each STA then creates its own corresponding matrix. It extracts and uses it to perform the uplink beamforming process. In the fourth step, both STA1 and STA2 have their respective beamforming (BF) physical characteristics. 6136 / TR 7 The protocol transmits data using a data unit (PPDU). In other words, the PDU transmits the data to the relevant unit. The beams are directed towards the base station. The details of this approach will be discussed later. This approach will be adopted. However, this approach also brings its own challenges. For example, Additional overhead associated with the size of the beamforming feedback report, user equipment This can lead to a higher computational load for (STA) and reduce the effective data rate of the transmitted information by 5. It can lower it. Several challenges degrade upstream MU-MIMO pre-encoding performance. There are some common limitations. One of them is the upward bias for every untriggered STA. The inefficiency of the connection drilling (sounding) process. In this approach, each station requires drilling 10 holes. It manages its procedures independently, which leads to suboptimal resource allocation and increased This is causing the intervention. This is because the stations demand drilling at different times. and this situation leads to unbalanced channel forecasting and inefficient use of time resources. This leads to the use of pre-coding methods for each STA. Another challenge is the need for pre-coding methods for each STA. Its limited performance in managing multi-user initiatives (MUI). Each 15 When a station independently determines its pre-coding matrix, other stations This can unintentionally lead to interference with transmissions. This can result in reduced data speeds and errors. This can lead to increased rates and decreased overall system capacity. One possibility to address these shortcomings is a coordinated 20-day meeting to be held at the AP. Uplinking is the MIMO pre-coding process, and this process facilitates enterprise management. It can be used to improve it. By centralizing the pre-coding process, all APs It can optimize pre-coding matrices for stations, thereby minimizing interference. and maximizes system performance. Another change is a more efficient beam. The use of trigger-based PPDUs may be necessary to provide shaping. In this approach, AP, 25 drilling procedures for specific stations, based on traffic requirements This triggers the drilling. This can reduce the overhead associated with untriggered drilling and improve the overall system performance. It can improve efficiency. Additionally, it provides uniform beamforming and implicit UL beamforming. Shaping techniques can improve system performance. Uniform beam shaping, Different beamforming to minimize sudden changes in the transmitted signal 30 It involves slowly transitioning between matrices. Implicit UL beamforming, Upstream and downstream linking to improve channel estimation and pre-coding accuracy. It utilizes the spatial correlation between directional link channels. 6136 / TR 8 However, even these approaches may have limitations. Triggered beamforming process While useful, it may not completely eliminate the intervention in high-MUI scenarios. This is because AP cannot always accurately predict the levels of intrusion, or The problem is its inability to allocate resources optimally. Uplink pre-coding process, In many cases, it can provide significant performance gains, with an improvement of approximately 8dB. 5 There is some trade-off between drilling intervals and channel aging, and this pre-coding process is more robust than beamforming process This shows that some disadvantages arising from this situation include the Untriggered Upstream Link Drilling inefficiency per STA and Preliminary for MU-MIMO per STA Limited performance may occur in the coding. This is within TGbn (Wi-Fi 8 Task Group) 10. It is extensible with triggered beamforming, especially in MU-MIMO contexts. The potential benefits of applying pre-coding to trigger-based PPDUs. This can be clarified. The roles of AP and non-AP STAs in drilling and pre-coding processes are more complex. It can be described in detail. Also, AP has initiated the drilling procedure and AP A triggered drilling 15 that provides a ready-to-use pre-encoder for non-existent STAs. The protocol is applicable. This approach provides significant improvements, such as an 8dB improvement in UL MU-MIMO. This can lead to performance gains and have a limited impact on system complexity. This can create. Consequently, Straw Poll (SP) voting and the resulting outcomes, especially above Pre-coding of trigger-based PPDUs in MU-MIMO for directional link discrimination. Its implementation should be encouraged as part of the Wi-Fi 8 generation. This shows. On the other hand, the size of the beamforming feedback report indicates efficiency. It can reduce. In terms of 3GPP standards, SA approaches prioritize beamforming in MU-MIMO. It can be called feedback. The process itself is beamforming coordination 25 This process is referred to as [process name]. The steps of this process may be as follows: 1. Channel estimation: BS sends pilot signals to UE from different time or frequency sources. They are sending. UEs are sending feedback to BS based on these pilots. And here are the channel characteristics between the antennas of UE and BS: 30 It is stated that the aforementioned BS then represents the channel pulse response for each antenna pair. (CIR) estimates. 2. Beamforming weight calculation: First, BS channel estimations. It calculates the optimal beamforming weights by processing them. These weights, 6136 / TR 9 It determines the amplitude and phase of the signals transmitted from each UE antenna. Subsequently, BS, maximum rate combination (MRC), zero-force (ZF) or minimum using algorithms such as mean squares error (MMSE) to calculate weights It calculates. 3. Beam Shaping Weight Feedback: BS, calculated beam shaping 5 They send their weights to the EU. 4. UE Beam Shaping: UE directs the beam shaping weights upwards. This is implemented in connection transmissions. This involves corresponding data symbols before transmission. It involves colliding with incoming weights. This process is based on RA, where users initiate a channel access handshake. Please note that this is achievable. One of the challenges is the feedback overhead. Channel Frequent feedback of predictions and beamforming weights, signal transmission This can increase the workload. Techniques such as limited feedback and codebook-based feedback, in addition... This can help reduce the load. However, these approaches are only available to users 15 who can use the UL channel. This can limit the number. Therefore, there are areas where improvement can be made. Generally, for channel estimation in a downlink, BS is used at a specific time and frequency. It sends pilot signals, also known as reference signals, through its sources. Pilots, 20 in advance, provide BS with the opportunity to evaluate channel characteristics. These are defined signals. BS, pilot signals to a UE (or multiple UEs) It is sending. In LTE, these pilots use Cell-Specific Reference in the downlink. Upward signals as (CRS) or Demodulation Reference Signals (DMRS); In this context, they are referred to as Drilling Reference Signals (SRS) or DMRS. UEs receive these pilot signals and typically measure channel dimensions or characteristics. It sends feedback indicating this to BS. This feedback is based on known pilot signals. It is based on and enables the aforementioned BS to extract the channel's characteristics. BS processes the feedback, determining the Channel Pulse Response for each antenna pair between BS and UEs. (CIR) estimates. This estimate is based on the BS's amplitude, phase, and spatial 30 of the channel. It enables understanding of its characteristics. Using channel predictions, BS, Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC), Zero Forcing (ZF), or Mean Squares Error It calculates optimal beamforming weights using algorithms such as (MMSE). Weights are then used to optimize signal transmission and minimize interference. 6136 / TR It is used. BS transmits the calculated beamforming weights to the UEs. UEs apply these weights in their upstream link transmissions, It multiplies data symbols by their corresponding weights, ensuring effective communication. Advanced MU-MIMO Beamforming Reporting 5 An access point (AP) (200), a group of stations (STA) (211, 212, 221, 222 and 231) A sample system where an example application managing transmission and reception can be implemented, as shown in Figure 1. This is shown in section 2. STAs are for communication or another service provided by the AP. It is attempting to obtain uplink (UL) access. As mentioned above, 10 Establishing UL access on any communication network, coordinated between APs and STAs. It requires a series of actions consisting of interactions, typically the process of shaking hands. It is called Wi-Fi. In an example shown in Figure 3 and briefly mentioned above, Wi-Fi The UL trigger-based mechanism is used as an example, consisting of four main steps. The planned access approach is given as an example: 15 1. Trigger Frame Transmission: The process involves the AP (e.g., via broadcast) sending a trigger frame to all STAs. It starts with the sending of the Trigger Frame (TF) (301). TF is the AP's upward By demonstrating to STAs that it is ready to manage one-way link transmissions It prepares the system for the later stages of the handshake process. 2. Station Response via Empty Data Packet (NDP) (311, 312): 20 sent by AP In response to the Trigger Frame, an uplink (UL) resource is needed. Upon receiving the signal, the STAs send a Blank Data Packet (NDP). This NDP is sent to the stations. a signal confirming that it is ready to participate in uplink transmission It serves the purpose of showing which STAs are active and which are upward trending in the AP. It enables the system to determine that planning is required for connection communication. 25 3. Combined Pre-coding and Feedback Report Generation: After receiving NDP from STAs Then, AP, based on channel status information from the stations, creates a beam. The shaping feedback matrix calculates channel status information, for example. This can be obtained based on the training areas within the NDP. This matrix, beamforming This forms the basis of the shaping feedback report (320) and then 30 The beamforming feedback report is sent to the STAs. For each STA. It includes pre-coding information; this results in optimal beamforming in the uplink direction. It provides shaping and MU-MIMO performance. Unified Pre-coding. 6136 / TR 11 Thanks to this process, called [process name], the AP and STAs begin data transmission before [processor name]. It has collected and processed the necessary channel information. This feedback report is sent to all STAs simultaneously and The handshake process involves each STA having its own unique pre-encoding before data transmission. This enables them to obtain the information. This step reduces the number of attempts (ideally at least 5). (reduces) and increases the efficient use of shared wireless media. (Ideally, it maximizes it). 4. Pre-encoded Information and Data Transmission: In the final step, each STA receives the data from the AP. It retrieves its own specific preencoder information from the feedback report. Then, STAs use this information to process uplink data, beam 10 Shaping applied (BF) Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (331, 332) It transmits in this way. PPDU is optimized for transmission over the channel; High data rates are achieved thanks to the extracted pre-encoder information, thus enabling the enterprise. is minimized. These four steps are shown in Figure 3, for example, for MU-MIMO in a Wi-Fi network. the handshake process required to establish and optimize UL access in the system This is presented as an example. When these steps are applied in sequence, the network; resources efficient allocation, robust channel utilization, and seamless communication between APs and STAs It can make it easier. 20 According to IEEE 802.11ax / 11be standards, the aforementioned NDP covers the following areas: It includes: 1. Short Training Area (STF): STF is for packet detection and automatic gain detection. It is used and also helps with synchronization. 25 2. Long Training Area (LTF): LTF is used by the AP for channel estimation; LTFs allow for channel estimation, which in turn enables the pre-coding matrix to be determined. This allows the Beamforming report to be prepared and sent back to the STAs. They function as pilots to whom they can be sent. There are no data domains within the NDP framework. AP is using these pilots as STAs. It is also used for identification. After the Trigger Frame is sent, Wi-Fi The standards include a time interval known as the Short Frame Rate, This interval allows STAs to process the Trigger frame information and then NDP 6136 / TR 12 It allows them to send messages. However, Wi-Fi is only available in the way described here. It is given as an example system where the approaches can be applied. The planned access techniques and communication systems described above are explained below. It can be combined with any application instance. Beam 5 within the scope of the current description. The shaping feedback report has been further improved. Specifically, the beamforming feedback report (BFR) that has already been collected in the AP. Spatial information is transmitted to user STAs based on this information. This spatial information... in the initial stages of communication, especially from TF and STA messages sent by AP 10 This feedback mechanism can be obtained from the received NDP responses. This feedback mechanism is shown in Figure 4. Grouped Beamforming - Beamforming Feedback Report It can be called (GBF-BFR) (420). Numbers 401 and 411 / 412 given in Figure 4. The steps correspond to steps 301 and 311 / 312 given in Figure 3 described above. It may come (it could be the same). 15 In an example application shown in Figure 5, a wireless communication access point (AP) (100) includes a transceiver (130) and a processing circuit (120). The processing circuit, beam by performing transmission and / or reception operations carrying signal and / or data information. 20 can control the transceiver (130) to perform operations such as shaping. (configurable). The aforementioned transceiver (130) is configured to transmit the trigger information. An example of AP sending trigger information (610) is shown in Figure 6. This In the example, AP (200) sends trigger information via broadcast. In this example, 221, 222, 25 STAs (STA1 to STA5) with reference numbers 211, 212, and 231 contain this triggering information. It receives the trigger information and coordinates the candidate wireless communication devices. It provides information about the uplink access procedure. For example, triggering. The information may be the trigger frame (TF) defined above in relation to Figures 3 and 4. Candidate wireless communication devices will continue to be referred to as STA hereinafter. 30 However, these devices only work with Wi-Fi systems or 3GPP 5G / 6G systems. It can be a participant in any of the wireless networks described above, but not limited to them. 6136 / TR 13 The trigger information generally indicates to the STAs that the AP is ready to manage UL transmissions. informing and guiding the system to the next stages of the communication process, possibly a handshake. This could be any information that can prepare you for the process and / or the initial access process. The triggering information simply tells the AP to report STAs, which are transmission data. It triggers. No additional information needs to be conveyed within this scope. STA 5 Even the mere detection of the trigger information by the system creates an uplink. This is sufficient to initiate the transmission procedure. To achieve this goal, the trigger information must be in a It may include an identifier (indicating that the received signal is trigger information). However, The current statement does not in any way restrict the content of the trigger information. This information has traditionally been used solely for channel feedback purposes between BS and UEs. When used, the current explanation is not limited to this traditional approach. For example, In an additional step following the trigger information, directional information can be extracted and the feedback process can be adjusted. It can be used for optimization. In particular, this extracted directional information is for upward orientation. By using the link to reduce the magnitude of beamforming feedback, 15 The system's efficiency and adaptability can be increased. As mentioned above, trigger information can correspond to a trigger frame. or it may be located within this framework. This type of trigger frame is above the Wi-Fi network. A framework compatible with the triggering framework for directional link access procedures 20 as is possible, a corresponding one in other wireless communication technologies such as 5G / NR It can also be a framework. Upstream access procedure, for Initial Access. This could be a procedure that is implemented. The AP, used for wireless communication, is a Wi-Fi access point. a point or a cellular base station, for example an eNodeB or gNodeB, or a It can be any central entity in a wireless communication network, for example AP 25 in Figure 2. (200) can be shown. Other examples of wireless technologies include Zigbee, Z-Wave or LoRaWAN can be given as an example. The term "AP" refers to any central entity of a wireless communication network. It is used in this sense. Although the trigger information covers all 30 areas within the AP's coverage area, as shown in Figure 6. Although it can be sent to devices via broadcast, the current statement is not limited to broadcasting. Broadcasting to a predefined group of users, either individually or in a single broadcast, is also possible. It is possible. 6136 / TR 14 The aforementioned transceiver (130) can also have more than one, as shown in Figure 7 as an example. The system is configured to receive response information from devices (221, 222, 211, and 212). The devices mentioned in this example (221, 222, 211 and 212) are responding to (701, 702, 704 and 705) When sending, device number 231 does not send any response. These devices are connected to the AP. It could be any device capable of wireless communication. For example, these devices are Station 5. This is how it is presented. However, these devices are only used for Wi-Fi communication. not limited to stations; for example, user equipment (UE) or Next Generation NodeB (gNB) may also be used. The terms UE or STA are used in all the example applications described here. any device that can communicate with a central wireless communication entity They are used as examples. In Figure 7, the devices are smartphones (221 and 211), tablets 10 (222 and 212) and virtual reality glasses (231) are exemplified, but in general Any device that supports uplink transmission will receive the GBF-BFR report. can participate in this process. The transceiver (130) may include a signal transmission front end and / or a signal reception front end. It is stated that the signal transmission front end consists of one or more amplifier layers and baseband. upconversion from signal to carrier frequency, beamforming controller or It may include similar components. Signal reception front end; one or more amplifier layers, carrier This may include frequency downscaling from baseband to frequency or similar. The transceiver may also include multiple It may contain multiple antennas. However, these antennas do not necessarily have to be located inside the transceiver. 20 On the contrary, the aforementioned antennas (and even part or all of the front-end processing chain) are external. It is possible and can connect to the AP via the ports located at the access point. The processing circuit of the AP (130) receives response information from each of the multiple devices. It is structured to determine information related to the direction. In other words, trigger 25 After the information is transmitted, the AP's transceiver receives signals from one or more communication devices. (STA) receives the incoming response information. This response information is previously referred to in Figures 3 and 4. This may correspond to the specified NDP (or this packet). In some systems, the response signal... resources in the time domain, at least partially, at the time the trigger information is received. It is determined according to the point. For example, the aforementioned response information is 30% of the trigger information. It is transmitted a certain time unit after it is received. In other areas (e.g., frequency domain, possibly a signature / decoding code) resources, on the other hand, It can be randomly selected from a resource pool or similar source. 6136 / TR Directional information can be any information that shows the directional relationship between the AP and the UE. For example, the directional information mentioned includes one or more (or all) of the following: It may include: 1. Channel Status Information (CSI): Phase and amplitude across multiple antennas. It can include changes in orientation, which enables spatial orientation. 5 2. Angle of Arrival (AoA): This information allows the AP to estimate the spatial position of the STAs. This allows AP to be customized for specific spatial groups. It can perform beamforming design and apply spatial multiplexing to these groups. 3. Direction of Motion: If the STA is in motion, the Doppler shift data indicates the direction of motion. and can show its speed; thus enabling AP to predict spatial changes and adapt. 10 This makes it easier to provide information about the direction of movement, based on signals previously received from the STA. It can also be obtained through this method. 4. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI): Indicates the signal strength between antennas. The changes that are occurring may provide clues about the direction STA is heading relative to AP. Regarding CSI, multiple STAs or APs are required to perform beamforming. They need to have an antenna. When they send NDP, they use different spatial streams. available (which may mean engaging different TX–RX antenna paths). Therefore, the AP receives different phase and amplitude information. These phases cause angular changes in transmission. By providing this, AP can help determine the direction of STAs, thus enabling STAs to reach 20 A grouped beam can help provide shaping feedback. Example Therefore, if there are 2Tx and 2Rx; TX1 to RX1, RX2 phase and amplitude probability and similarly TX2 to RX1 and RX2 have amplitude and phase possibilities, thus yielding 4 spatial flows. This The spatial phases of these TX–RX pairs, especially in the case of multipath signals. It can be used to separate and therefore determine direction. 25 Direction information can be derived from information different from or in addition to response information. For example, information obtained from previous communications with the same STA. The location of an STA can be estimated using AP. AP can also be assigned to each of multiple devices. From the response information, preencoder 30 for communication between AP and devices. They can determine the information. It should be noted that one of the antennas can be used as a reference in determining AoA, Therefore, for example, in a four-antenna AP, one of the antennas can be selected as the reference antenna. 6136 / TR 16 The array perpendicular to this antenna can be considered as the reference, and the other beams are directed relative to this reference. Angular deviations are the corresponding angles of arrival (AoA). However, this explains how AoA is defined. This is merely an example of how it was determined, and the purpose is to limit the current explanation. It does not carry any reference. Any reference can be defined by a convention (such as a standard), Thus, both the receiver and transmitter (STA / AP or similar) correctly interpret this reference. 5 can interpret. Regarding the direction of movement, the speed of the moving STA is determined by AP. This can manifest as a Doppler shift or Doppler spread in NDPs, and Doppler shift allows the AP to determine the direction of motion and, if necessary, the speed of motion. It can be helpful. For example, the standard formula used to estimate Doppler frequency is as follows: The form is: fd = v · f · cos(A) / c, where: v is the velocity of the moving object; f is the carrier. frequency; c, speed of light; and A, arrival point of waves from a moving object to the receiver. It is the angle. When AP is fixed, the Doppler detected if STA is moving towards AP. If the shift is positive, and the STA is moving away from the AP, the Doppler shift will be negative; the angle is 15. It determines the magnitude of the Doppler effect, and when A = 0, it is in any direction. This is the maximum if the user is making a circular motion around the AP, Doppler The shift may not be observed. The processing circuit (130) also includes multiple devices, the directional information of the related multiple devices 20 It is structured in such a way as to divide them into at least two groups based on this. In addition, the aforementioned The processing circuit (130) will generate feedback information separately for each group and the receiver- The transmitter provides relevant feedback for each group based on the orientation information of the devices in the group. It is configured in a way that will allow it to transmit information. Figure 8 shows the STA (devices) It shows two groups that are grouped together as examples. However, this is only an example and 25 depending on the number of antennas at the access point and the spatial distribution of the STAs, any A number of groups can be formed. In the example shown in Figure 8, STA1 and STA2 (221 and 222 Devices numbered STA1 and STA2 are grouped and the directional information of STA1 and STA2 is mentioned in AP (200) using a beam (801) to provide feedback information to STA1 and STA2. is being transmitted. Similarly, STA4 and STA5 (devices 212 and 211) also transmit 30 They are grouped and, using the directional information of STA4 and STA5, through a beam (802). Feedback information is transmitted to STA4 and STA5. As can be seen, in this example the ray (801) The ray (802) points in opposite directions, and thus, as shown in Figure 10. This prevents the attempt from succeeding. STA3 does not provide feedback because it does not transmit response information. 6136 / TR 17 It is not included in the process. This is indicated by the crossing out of the STA3 device in Figure 10. It has been shown. The current description generally refers to any specific number of groups or devices within a group. There is no limit to the number: any number of groups can be formed, and each group can consist of any 5. It can include multiple devices. In a sample application, at least one of the groups must contain at least two devices. This includes devices that may be STA or other wireless communication devices. They may have devices. Furthermore, groups containing only a single device are also predictable (for example). If the device given in Figure 8 (231) had responded to the triggering information, an individual beam (They could receive AP feedback through it). 10 For example, the devices in question can be grouped according to their spatial proximity. Spatial Proximity is the degree to which the locations of individual devices are close to one another. Devices are spatially They can be grouped using a clustering method based on their proximity. The current explanation is specific to a particular group. It is not limited to clustering methods. Any known two-dimensional (2D) clustering method 15 The approach is applicable. Clustering involves groups (STA clusters) that emerge with AP. This can be implemented in a way that reduces interference in communication. For example, a threshold-based angular approach. A clustering mechanism can be implemented, and this mechanism allows all devices to access the point. Calculating their angular positions according to the increasing angular position of the devices. sequencing, calculating angular differences between successive devices, and two devices 20 If the angular difference between them exceeds a predefined threshold, a new group is formed. This may include initiation. This threshold value depends on the system design criteria. This can be determined. For example, some systems operate with a threshold value of 45 degrees, while others operate with 90 degrees. It can use degrees and above. In some systems (for example, those with many antennas) In those cases), a lower angle threshold can be selected. A lower threshold value allows users to spatially... 25 Because it allows for more precise separation based on proximity, a larger number of groups This leads to its occurrence. Conversely, a higher threshold value spatially influences users. by separating them more freely according to their proximity, resulting in the formation of a smaller number of groups. This is the reason. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of K-means can be implemented by AP. This type of In a clustering system, the value K represents the number of clusters to be formed. Then... The devices are clustered to form K clusters, which are then divided into two different groups. the relative angular distance between adjacent devices within it, devices within the same group 6136 / TR 18 It is greater than the relative angular distance between them. The K value is pre-configured. (It may be predetermined). This situation is explained in the example referenced in Figure 11, fixed beamforming feedback proximity where a certain number of sectors are located They can be named. For example, the number of possible clusters can be set to three or four. (As mentioned above) As stated regarding the separation angle, the number of clusters also depends on the system and beam 5 This may depend on shaping capabilities, such as the number of antennas and so on. For example, STAs are relatively fixed in position or have a defined spatial orientation. When the groups are evenly distributed across regions, they can be predefined. In such a situation, the system overhead is minimized. 10 On the other hand, the number of groups changes dynamically based on the following factors: can be determined: 1. Spatial Distribution: The density and proximity of STAs in the network. 15 that are close to each other STAs are grouped together to receive the same type of feedback. 2. Beamwidth Capability: The AP can create a narrower or wider beam. capacity. 3. Channel Conditions: High-interference scenarios may require finer discrimination (more In scenarios with high intervention (large group), work can be done with a smaller number of groups, while in low-intervention scenarios, work can be done with a smaller number of groups. 20 4. Frequency Band: In higher frequency bands (e.g., mmWave), directivity... Due to its nature, smaller and more sensitive groups may be needed. Groups will not include more than a predefined number of devices in any single group. This can be configured as follows. This predefined number of devices, for example, a total of 25 devices. The result could be obtained by dividing the number by K, or it could be a higher natural number of this result. The result could be rounded to the nearest whole number, or it could be a natural number like 1. It could be the result obtained by adding the number. Alternatively, or in addition, the groups mentioned can also be defined by the angular range they cover. 30 It can be limited. This angular range may be predefined and / or depend on the K value. it could be. 6136 / TR 19 Another possible example of a clustering method that can be applied to group formation is: It is a hierarchical clustering done with angular metrics. Angular metrics on a pair basis between devices. Distances can be calculated. A dendrogram or cluster tree can be formed based on angular similarity. It can be created. For example, the starting and ending points of the dendrogram can be chosen as the points that are closest to each other. Two devices with a large relative angular distance can be selected. Then dendrogram 5 It can be truncated at a predefined level. Alternatively, the level at which the dendrogram is truncated. It may not be predefined; however, for example, a predefined number of groups will be obtained. in a way or that no group will include more than the predetermined number of devices This can be selected in such a way that the predetermined number mentioned here, for example, K averages The set can be any of the numbers defined above. 10 At the start of clustering, each STA can form its own group. Then, these STAs can form the most... The angular separation between the nearest neighbor is calculated. Then the aforementioned STA and The neighbor is placed in the same group, and the process continues iteratively. Cutting The grouping process is terminated with this operation. The termination criterion is, for example, a 15 It can be defined depending on the number of devices in the group. For example, if the matrix size is more than 3... If the goal is to avoid STA (Standard Land Use), trees are cut down when the number of grouped STAs reaches 3. and a new group is being started. The cutting process involves cutting more than a certain number of groups. This can also be done at the group level to avoid creating a specific cutoff. The current explanation refers to a particular cutoff. It is not limited to this criterion. 20 The dendrogram can be truncated when it reaches a predetermined number of devices; this In this case, the group mentioned does not extend further on the dendrogram and does not include other devices, However, other devices and groups, each device or group until it reaches a predetermined size until or until it can no longer be grouped with other devices or groups 25 They continue to be grouped together. However, the clustering methods mentioned above are only examples. It should be understood that... In reality, any clustering or grouping method is applicable. The current description only uses a clustering method based on spatial proximity for 30 is not limited and depends, for example, on the relative direction (angle) of the devices' position relative to the AP. any other grouping such as directional grouping or sector division based on available. 6136 / TR According to a sample application example, the access point (AP) coverage area is fixed. They are divided into sectors, and when multiple devices are grouped together, each group is a It corresponds to a sector, and a device belongs to a group when positioned within that sector. They are assigned. Different beams with different directions can be used for different sectors. This Each of the beams can have a direction and beamline to cover the relevant sector. A 5 According to the example, the beams can be selected in a way that minimizes interference with other sectors. For example, each sector could be associated with a beam, where the direction and width of the beam are fixed. The direction and width minimize the interference of beams belonging to different sectors. It can be determined in a way that will reduce (or at least decrease). Figure 11, Sector Segmentation 10 This shows an example application where the method is used. (As shown in Figure 11) In the example, three sectors (1101, 1102, 1103) are used. However, any Multiple sectors can be used. For example, two or four sectors can be used. These sectors and The number of sectors can be predefined or, for example, dependent on device density. It can be adapted to current needs. 15 Each sector (1101, 1102, 1103) may encompass a specific spatial area. Feedback Information can be transmitted to all STAs in a sector using a constant beam. This method, especially where STAs are relatively stationary or along defined spatial regions evenly distributed or adaptable beamforming feedback of AP to STAs 20 It can be effective in scenarios where it cannot be provided otherwise. However, the beams are relevant in the sectors in question. It can also be adapted dynamically according to need. Feedback information (420) for example a beam The shaping feedback can be included in the report, or this information itself can be presented as a beam. This could be a shaping feedback report. Specifically, the beam shaping mentioned. The feedback report may be GF BFR. 25 According to a sample application (which can be combined with any of the examples described above), For each device in the group, the feedback element provides pre-coding information for the respective device. This may include optimal beamforming and MU-MIMO in the upstream link. It can facilitate performance and reduce interference. AP, channel 30 received from stations. A beamforming feedback matrix based on state information (CSI). It can calculate. One potential advantage of this is that feedback information is included in the feedback data. The size of the report could be reduced. In traditional systems, the AP is usually located at all points on the network. It sends users a large-sized beamforming matrix. For example, 6136 / TR 21 The AP provides each user with a 3x5 antenna (representing multiple antennas and users). In a scenario where a matrix needs to be sent, this adds a significant amount of overhead and processing power. This can create complexity. In contrast, the proposed grouped feedback approach... AP provides users with a smaller, more targeted view in specific spatial directions. It can send a feedback matrix. As shown in Figure 9, the aforementioned AP sends feedback to all 5 Instead of sending users a complete matrix, send each user group, for example, a 3x2 matrix. It can send a reduced-size matrix (901, 901). This method is used with APs and STAs. This can significantly reduce the amount of data exchanged between them, and as a result This allows for less computational load and more efficient communication. A feedback matrix includes the channel coefficients between AP and STA. Therefore... The size of the matrix depends on: a) the number of STA devices, b) the number of TX and RX antennas (NTX, NRX), and c) it increases depending on the number of scatterers in the channel. Assuming LoS scenarios, the size for each STA should be at least Ntx x Nrx 15. They are of a certain size. Therefore, if you have an STA with 2 antennas and an AP with 4 antennas... If present, there is a channel coefficient of 2 x 4 = 8 for one STA. There are 2 STAs. In this case, this number increases to 16. If there are 5 such STAs, the size can go up to 40. It can reach that point. The situation is even more pronounced in the case of subcarrier or subband-based feedback. It is becoming complicated. Traditionally, all matrices were sent together in 20 When considered, the feedback becomes quite substantial and more complex to process. This is the case. The size of the feedback matrix can be reduced through spatial grouping; thus Only spatially related STAs share the same matrix. GF-BFR provides more efficient feedback compared to traditional combined pre-coding methods. This could be the method. The size of the feedback report and the information each station needs to process. In terms of quantity, it can significantly reduce the overhead in STAs. By using GF-BFR, User-generated initiatives within a specific spatial grouping are more effective. manageable. An example application that can be combined with any of the examples described above. According to this, individual feedback information for each group, for each of the multiple devices in the group. It includes a feedback element. For example, one GF-BFR transmission for each group. 6136 / TR 22 This can be done, and each GF-BFR can be an individual one for each of the devices in the respective group. It may include a feedback element. Individual feedback information for each group, one or more assigned to another group. It does not include any feedback elements for multiple or all devices. For example, 5 Individual feedback information for each group, from one or more individuals not assigned to the group in question. It does not include any feedback elements for multiple devices. Accordingly, on the network Instead of considering the initiative of all users, the AP only considers those in the same spatial group. It can take into account the initiative among users. In this way, the many implemented in the aforementioned AP User-based initiative management techniques and initiative mitigation strategies, in a specific direction or 10 It can be limited to specific users within the group, making the process more efficient. This ensures the beamforming feedback report includes data for all users on the network. traditional methods have increased both the report size and the complexity of initiative management due to this. This could be a significant improvement compared to common pre-coding methods. The proposed GF-BFR 15 The method focuses on grouped users and uses feedback based solely on basic spatial data. By limiting the information, we can reduce the current transaction load in STAs and move upwards. This can improve the overall efficiency of connection channel access. Feedback information is advantageously distributed to all devices in a group simultaneously (20). This can be communicated as follows: For example, feedback information for each group can be sent to the devices in that group. It is transmitted simultaneously. Another example is feedback to all groups. Information can be transmitted simultaneously. In particular, the integrated signal of all groups via AP. A spatial group multiplexing method can be applied where the data is transmitted simultaneously. For example, individual feedback information for each group, at least one individual beam for each group. This is communicated using [method]. For example, individual feedback information for each group is provided per group. It can be transmitted using exactly one beam of light. Alternatively, individual feedback information for one or more groups, a group of 30 It is transmitted using multiple beams within it. However, this approach is not suitable for AP. This can increase overhead because it may require additional processing power and resource allocation. Example AP can be used on any device when necessary to improve performance in an application. 6136 / TR 23 Dynamically switching to single beam per device usage for or multiple devices. He can. For example, mmWave, which allows for more granular directional control within Wi-Fi 8. In their configurations, assigning a dedicated beam for feedback to each device can be beneficial. This 5 In the example application, each device can be treated as an individual group, and in such environments... It may be compatible with the required precise spatial control needs. However, other According to one example, at least one individual beam is for multiple devices in at least one group. It is used in the dynamic clustering of devices based on their spatial proximity. Techniques such as grouping via signal characteristics like AoA or RSSI can be used. 10 For example, as mentioned above, STAs with very similar directional information are grouped together, allowing the AP to... It is possible to generate beams specifically tailored to these clusters. The direction and width of each beam indicate one or more devices within the relevant group. It can be selected to include. For example, as shown in Figures 8 to 10, a 15 The direction and width of the beam determine whether all devices in the relevant group are affected by this beam. Devices in certain groups can be selected to be included, while devices in other groups cannot. For example, The width of a beam (see Figure 10) will encompass all devices in the group, including the outermost one. The devices can be selected to extend beyond a predetermined amount. For example, The angle range covered by the beam extends beyond the outermost devices, to a predetermined 20 It can be selected to extend to a certain angle. Alternatively, the angle range covered by the beam can extend beyond the outermost devices, to the most... half the angle between the outer device and the next device belonging to another group It can be determined in the future. 25 Additionally, or alternatively, spatial multiplexing can be used to select the shape of the beams. Any method that can be used may be applied. Such methods are applicable in other groups. It can reduce interference with devices and / or improve the acquisition of devices in the relevant group. An example... According to the application, feedback information, for example feedback from different device groups, 30 The beams to be used for the transmission of information matrices are selected by the aforementioned AP, from different sources. It can be designed in such a way as to minimize interference between the beams belonging to the groups. 6136 / TR 24 In a traditional scenario, if the feedback dimension is large, then a large As a result of the channel matrix having a feedback channel, errors are higher. It is possible that this will occur. Based on the current explanation, the angular difference between the beams... By pre-coding the transmission of beams while maintaining separation and directionality, the essential modes (eigenmode) 5 so that they do not interact or interfere with each other. It ensures guidance. The most suitable feedback where UEs do not interfere with each other. Various approaches / optimization solutions exist for determining its size. Additionally, optimizing the preencoder itself to minimize interference Solutions are also available. According to the proposed approach, the feedback dimension is reduced and In this way, the intervention is improved (minimized). 10 Interference reduction involves adjusting beam width and direction to the spatial characteristics of the relevant groups. This can be achieved by dynamically adjusting it accordingly. For example, to achieve this purpose, suitable This can be achieved through channel estimation; this means that signals in unwanted directions can be effectively avoided. elimination (e.g., using the Zero Stress method) and minimizing the size of the parietal lobes as much as possible. 15 This example beam design mechanism facilitates reduction. It applies to different groups. minimizing or completely eliminating interference between the beams This can provide results that are consistent with overall efficiency and precision targets. According to one application, a system for wireless communication is being developed. This system is a 20 It includes the AP (200) and multiple devices (211, 212, 221, 222, 231). The aforementioned AP (200), receiver configured to transmit trigger information as described above. It includes the transmitter (130); and the processing circuit (120). One or more of the devices (211, 212, 221, 222, 231), a receiver configured to receive trigger information. the transmitter; and the device to participate in uplink communication and / or uplink 25 It will determine if the device is ready to establish connection access, and the device will proceed upwards. if ready to participate in uplink communication and / or establish uplink access the processing circuit configured to enable the transceiver to transmit response information It includes. The AP transceiver will also receive response information from multiple devices. It is structured in this way. The AP's processing circuit provides a response of 30 for each of the multiple devices. It will determine directional information from the data, and will make statements based on the directional information of the relevant devices. It will divide multiple devices into at least two groups, providing individual feedback for each group. will generate information; and the AP's transceiver will, for each group, provide information about the devices in that group. 6136 / TR In a way that will enable it to transmit relevant feedback information based on directional information. It is being structured. According to one application, a wireless communication device receives trigger information from an AP. a transceiver configured to receive; and the device's uplink communication 5 whether you are ready to participate and / or establish uplink access will determine, and the device will participate in uplink communication and / or uplink If it is ready to establish connection access, it will enable the transceiver to transmit its response information. It includes a processing circuit structured in this way. The device has uplink communication. If not ready to participate and / or establish uplink access with the AP, the aforementioned 10 The device's processing circuit ensures that the aforementioned transceiver does not transmit any response information. It can provide. One example application is a handshake process that takes place before data transmission begins. It could be a protocol-based method as part of this. This approach is described by AP in UL resource 15. It describes a series of steps that ensure the efficient implementation of management. Figure 12 shows an example method relating to an AP and a device. The left side of Figure 12... On this side, an example method for an access point is shown. In a sample application, an access point performs wireless communication with multiple devices. A method of communication includes the following: - 1201: Transmission of trigger information by AP,  1221: Receiving trigger information from multiple devices,  1222: Transmission of response information by multiple devices, 25  1202: Response from multiple devices transmitting response information by the aforementioned AP. obtaining information  1203: Direction information from response information for each device by AP determination (this information includes, for example, pre-encoder information or any information relating to directions) (may contain information), 30  1204: By AP, based on directional information from multiple devices. The excess devices should be divided into at least two groups.  1205: Feedback information individually for each group by AP creation, 6136 / TR 26  1206: By AP, for each group, directional information for the devices within the group. based on and communicating relevant feedback information, and  1223: By the devices, at least by the devices that have transmitted response information. Receiving feedback information. The aforementioned method also involves uplink transmission from devices to the AP. This communication may also include the transmission of the relevant PPDUs by the devices. This process may include simultaneous and / or in accordance with the feedback report. This can be accomplished. In Figure 12, the steps for the AP are on the left, and the steps for the devices are on the right. shown on the side. Although only a single step flow is shown for the devices, this 10 The steps can be performed by multiple devices. Accordingly, here is an example of a method an access point uses for wireless communication: Transmission of trigger information (1201); receiving response information from multiple devices (1202); determining direction information from response information of each of multiple devices 15 (1203); based on directional information of multiple devices, at least multiple devices dividing into two groups (1204); feedback information individually for each group the creation (1205); and each based on the directional information of the devices within the group This includes the transmission of relevant feedback information for the group (1206). Figure 14 shows another method an access point (AP) uses for wireless communication. It shows the transmission of a trigger frame (1401); from multiple devices respectively, obtaining an NDP (1402); learning preencoder information from NDPs and Preparation of feedback information based on spatial information of STAs (1403); and sending a first GF-BFR in the first direction (1404) and a second GF-BFR in the second direction 25 It includes sending (1406). The first GF-BFR mentioned is a first group device. This could be feedback information directed towards, and the second GF-BFR is feedback directed towards, the second group of devices. He might have information. Multiple devices transmitting response information, all devices that received the trigger information are 30. or a part of it. Specifically, multiple devices transmitting response information, triggering those who have received the information and are able to engage in upstream connection communication with the AP and / or upward It could be all the devices that indicate they are ready to establish one-way connection access. According to the example, the response information might be an empty data packet (NDP). 6136 / TR 27 According to the example applications of the methods given above, at least one of the groups must have at least two It includes the device. Again, according to the example applications of the methods given above, individual 5 for each group The feedback information includes a feedback element for each device within the group. According to a sample application, the response information of each device is related to the device's upstream connection. It acts as a function confirming that the device is ready to transmit and that the AP is active. This allows it to determine which device it is. For example, the response information of each device, a device 10 It may contain an identifier. This can apply to all applications. For example, regarding APs. for applications and applications related to AP methods or one access point at a time This applies to applications involving wireless communication methods with multiple devices. it could be. In some of the example applications given below, the devices are sampled as STA (Standardized Applications). It is defined; the triggering information is defined as an example trigger frame. The response information is defined as an example of NDP (Non-Dependent Programming). The feedback information is as follows: This is defined as an example GF-BFR or feedback report. Above All practices described by any of the terms are also described by the other related terms. It can be combined with applications. The process of a sample application is shown in Figure 13, covering all areas within the AP's coverage. By sending TF (610) and / or trigger information to STAs as shown in Figure 6. (1301) can begin. For example, the aforementioned TF can be published and by all active STAs 25 can be obtained (1321). The purpose of this framework is to use uplink (UL) resources. The aim is to identify STAs that are ready for UL transmission. STAs that are ready for UL transmission respond to the TF, thus promising... This allows the AP to gather information about STAs that want to gain access to the UL channel. This allows for the selection of STAs for UL planning and resource allocation. It can help. 30 In the second step, after the STAs receive the TF (1321), they want to access the UL resources. STAs respond with an NDP (701, 702, 704, 705) as shown in Figure 7. They can send it. This NDP, to the AP, is data transmission uplink for these specific STAs. 6136 / TR 28 It can function as a signal indicating they are ready to do so. AP can receive these NDPs. (1202) and can be used to identify the STAs that will participate in the next stage of the process. In addition, the aforementioned AP can compute preencoders based on NDPs (1303) and each It can collect spatial information of STA (1304). As shown in Figure 8, in the third and final step, after the responses from the STAs were collected... Then, using spatial information obtained from the aforementioned AP NDPs, a GF-BFR was created. can create (1205). This feedback report is based on spatial grouping and is directed to STAs, above beamforming that they need to use during directional link transmissions parameters can be sent to report pre-coding information, for example (1206) and 10 It can be received by STAs (1323). GF-BFR can reduce the feedback size and This can reduce the computational load on the STAs' side because it provides data for all users on the network. Instead of including everything, it only includes relevant spatial information for grouped users. Last At each step, each STA uses the beamforming feedback it receives from the GF-BFR. can configure the transmission. Stations can use the preliminary 15 derived from the aforementioned feedback report. Physical data beamforming was done using coding information. They can send it in Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format (1324). This is an uplink by enabling spatial optimization of transmissions, reducing interference between users It can reduce and improve overall network efficiency. The proposed protocol-based approach facilitates the feedback process, in particular, and UL By increasing its efficiency, it can provide several important advantages. TF, NDP response and GF-BFR. The three-step procedure involved can offer a number of benefits. One of these advantages could be a reduction in the size of the feedback report. Traditionally 25 In these systems, APs typically provide a large beam of light to all users on the network. It sends a feedback matrix. For example, the AP sends each user a 3×5 size (multiple In a scenario where it sends a matrix (representing multiple antennas and users), this is important. This creates additional overhead and operational complexity at a higher level. In contrast, the proposed In the grouped feedback approach, AP provides more feedback to users in specific spatial directions. It can send a smaller and more targeted feedback matrix, as shown in Figure 7. Instead of sending a complete matrix to all users, the aforementioned AP sends a separate matrix to each user. For example, it can send a reduced matrix of size 3×2 to the group. This method is used with AP. 6136 / TR 29 This can significantly reduce the amount of data exchanged between STAs, and As a result, less computational load and more efficient communication can be achieved. The aforementioned AP users were grouped according to their spatial location, and each group was given specific data. By sending feedback, you can optimize resource allocation. AP only allocates 5 resources per specific group. By sending the necessary feedback, uplink resources can be used efficiently. It ensures its usability and prevents the network from being overloaded with unnecessary information. This allows AP's multi-user initiative and beamforming processes to be more focused and efficient. It can be managed in an organized manner. The proposed GF-BFR system reduces interference between users to specific spatial areas, not the entire network. They can be localized within groups. This allows users in a particular direction to see each other. It could affect, but AP's mitigation techniques apply to all user groups on the network. No, it simply means it will only apply to those specific users. This is localized. Improved initiative management leads to a more efficient handling of multi-user initiatives. By doing so, it can improve overall network performance. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is the added security it offers during the handshake process. It could be a layer. AP, by selectively delivering GF-BFR only to the relevant STAs, feedback from STAs that are actively involved in the uplink access process only 20 This ensures that it is received. For example, as shown in Figure 10, UL is involved in the delivery process. STA3 (231), which is not authorized or not permitted, cannot receive feedback from the aforementioned AP. This The selective feedback mechanism creates a safe environment for the handshake process, and It prevents unauthorized stations from accessing critical transmission information. An example... In practice, only STAs willing to participate in uplink access will receive feedback 25 They can collect and use your data, allowing unauthorized users to eavesdrop or attempt to conduct illegal activities. The risk of doing it decreases. AP, based on past communication data with users in the area, on the network It has information about approximately the set of devices. This historical information means the AP could potentially have 30 It helps identify existing devices. In addition, the aforementioned AP supports NDP. It can actively avoid devices that haven't sent messages. This dual mechanism involves reviewing past communications and... By using real-time behavior (or lack thereof), the AP beamforming 6136 / TR effectively manages shaping feedback and uplink It allows them to optimize their resources. The proposed approach dynamically provides feedback based on the beam width and beam direction of the AP. This can offer significant flexibility by allowing it to be adjusted as follows. These parameters are 5 This is particularly useful for the mm-wave band in Wi-Fi 8, as it allows for precise spatial analysis. Control is critical. By adjusting the beam width, the aforementioned AP feedback is achieved. You can adjust the coverage area to be smaller and increase resources as needed. It can direct beams to smaller, more focused user groups. Similarly, the AP can direct the beam direction. by modifying them, 10 based on the spatial locations of specific STAs or device groups. It can serve in a targeted manner. This precise control, upstream connection It can improve the efficiency and security of transmissions because the AP provides better upstream connectivity. It can allocate resources and adapt to the real-time needs of the network. This flexibility, a critical role for performance optimization in the high-frequency mm-wave band It plays a role here because beamforming is crucial for establishing strong communication links. It plays an important role in its continuation. This adaptability feature also makes the proposed approach particularly suitable for the mm-wave spectrum. This can ensure compatibility with next-generation Wi-Fi 8 deployments. Importantly, this solution Existing Wireless LAN Media Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) 20 It achieves this without requiring major changes to its specifications. While maintaining backward compatibility with existing Wi-Fi standards, it is forward-looking with Wi-Fi 8. To ensure compatibility, the aforementioned approach will be used in the future operating in the mm-wave band. This can enable seamless integration with networks. Therefore, the proposed solution... As Wi-Fi evolves, improved feedback management, especially in high-frequency environments, and 25 will continue to offer resource allocation and thus the increasing demand for next-generation wireless systems. It will meet their demands. Accordingly, sector separation as part of the beam discrimination mechanism. It is usable. In such an approach, the beam discrimination mechanism can be fixed. 30 sectors Separation, the coverage area of ​​the aforementioned AP or base station into multiple sectors. This can enable separation; each of these sectors has different feedback configurations, beamforming They have different widths and beam directions. This approach is shown in Figure 11. feedback and beamforming parameters tailored to the specific needs of each sector. 6136 / TR 31 Based on customization, uplink communication is more precise. This can make it possible to control. In this scenario, the AP (200) or base station mentioned (200), feedback based on the characteristics of each sector (1101, 1102, 1103) and It can dynamically adjust the beamforming process. For example, high user Areas with high density or more interference require narrower beam widths and larger beam widths. While detailed feedback is needed, less densely populated areas have a broader scope. It can benefit from beamforming and simplified feedback. This sectoral breakdown... This approach can offer several advantages. By dividing the aforementioned AP coverage into sectors, the complexity of the feedback reports is reduced to 10 and can adjust its size according to the specific requirements of each sector. More when needed. While complex feedback can be provided, simpler and more efficient options are available in less demanding sectors. Feedback can be used. This reduces the overall system load on each network segment. Optimal performance can be achieved and all users will not be burdened with excessive feedback data. The loading can be prevented. 15 Sectoralization can also improve network adaptability because APs, beamforming shaping and feedback parameters according to changes in network conditions. It can modify itself over time. For example, user activity or attempt patterns. In sectors where fluctuations occur, AP maintains high-quality uplink communication with 20 It can dynamically adjust beam width and feedback. Additionally, the system in question... It can be compatible with various network architectures and easily integrate into existing multi-user MIMO systems. It can be integrated. By applying the sector division method, the aforementioned AP or base station is upstream 25 The connection can fine-tune the communication process, thus ensuring the network's UL direction. This can improve overall performance. A sector-based approach directs the network's resources to where they are most needed. This can allow for efficient allocation to the desired locations, improving the user experience. It can improve performance and reduce unnecessary data transmission. Because this approach is protocol-based, it allows UL channel access in multi-user MIMO networks. A handshake that takes place between AP or base station and STAs to manage It outlines the process. The handshake process takes place before the actual data transmission begins. AP guarantees efficient coordination between multiple users. 6136 / TR 32 This can help optimize resource allocation and initiative management. To an application... The general flow of the proposed approach is shown in Figure 13, and it relates to UL communication. A step-by-step protocol has been presented. Wireless communication technologies, especially multi-user 5-bit technologies like SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO, In these scenarios, some inherent inefficiencies are encountered. Significant inefficiencies in existing systems... One of the limitations is uplink drilling for every untriggered STA. The inefficiency lies in the lack of a unified and centralized protocol in both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. Due to the lack of AP, individual STAs that are not AP are drilling their own upstream linkage. They must initiate their demands. As a result of this decentralized approach, a significant 10 Inefficiency arises because each station has its own uplink transmissions. It manages independently, without coordination with the AP. As explained above. These inefficiencies have been identified in applications and sample applications, and AP beamforming has been implemented. Feedback has been improved. Applications in software and hardware The applications and examples discussed above are presented from a methodological perspective. Although presented, the corresponding method that provides the functionality described by the aforementioned method It should be noted that the devices (access points) have also been improved. Furthermore, the 20 described above... any of the steps can be executed by one or more processors. It should be noted that these can be included in the program as code instructions. The methodologies described here can be applied in various ways, depending on the application. For example, these methodologies can be applied to hardware, operating systems, firmware, software, or both. It can be implemented in any combination of all of these ways. A hardware application. For this purpose, any processing circuit that may contain one or more processors can be used. For example, hardware, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors. Digital signal processing devices (DSPs), programmable logic devices (DSPDs) (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, 30 any electronic device or to perform the functions described above one or more of the other designed electronic circuit units or components It may include. 6136 / TR 33 When implemented as program code, it is performed by the transmitter apparatus (device). The functions are stored on one or more non-volatile, computer-readable storage media. It can be stored as further instructions or code. Computer-readable media, any that can be accessed by the computer or, more generally, by the processing circuit This includes physical computer storage media that can be used as a medium. One such type of 5 Computer-readable media, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, optical disc storage, magnetic This may include disk storage, semiconductor storage, or other storage devices. Some specialized Examples that are not limited to include compact disc (CD), CD-ROM, laser disc, optical The disc type includes digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray (BD) disc, or similar. Different types exist. It is also possible to have combinations of storage media - in other words, 10 Distributed and heterogeneous storage is available. The examples given above are not intended to limit the existing explanation. In addition or Alternatively, many modifications and configurations can be used. This current description, It can be used with any device that receives a signal over the wireless channel. The 15 mentioned above... Applications and sample applications offer some non-limited examples. Upon request... It appears that various modifications can be made without deviating from the main topic. For example, new systems can be developed without deviating from the basic concept explained here, and Modifications can be made to adapt it to different scenarios. Selected applications and examples In summary, the applications described in the current explanation are unified communications and sensing access points. It relates to methods and apparatus for assigning transmission power. For a communication device, this communication... A communication beam is obtained depending on the position of the device. 25 available at the access point. The required power is obtained. Then the available power for sensing is determined and this The power cannot be greater than the difference between the power of the communication beam and the existing power. Then, The number of sensing beams that will share the available power for sensing is determined, and Perception beams are also determined in the same direction. According to the first approach, an access point (AP) is being developed for wireless communication, and it will function as a receiver. It includes a transmitter and a processing circuit. The aforementioned transceiver receives triggering information. It is configured to transmit and receive response information from multiple devices. The processing circuit generated is directed from the response information of each of the multiple devices. 6136 / TR 34 will determine the information, the multiple devices mentioned, and the direction of the multiple devices involved. Based on the information, it will divide them into at least two groups, and individually for each group. It will generate feedback information, and the aforementioned transceiver will direct the devices within the group. Based on its information, it will enable each group to communicate relevant feedback information. It is structured as follows: 5 In addition to the first approach, according to the second approach, at least one of the groups includes at least two devices. In addition to the first or second approach, there is a third approach: individual feedback for each group. information, a feedback element for each of the multiple devices within the group 10 It includes. In addition to any of the first to third directions, feedback information according to the fourth direction. It is transmitted to all devices simultaneously. According to any of the first to fourth directions, plus the fifth direction, each within the group The device feedback element contains pre-coding information for the relevant device. According to the sixth direction in addition to any of the first to fifth directions, individual for each group. Feedback information is conveyed using at least one individual beam for each group. 20 Each device's response is based on any of the first to sixth directions plus the seventh direction. information indicating that the device in question is ready to participate in uplink transmission. It serves as a confirmation function and allows the access point (AP) to determine that this device is active. It provides an opportunity. 25 In addition to any of the first to seventh directions, the devices mentioned are related to the eighth direction. They are grouped based on spatial proximity. With respect to the ninth direction, in addition to any of the first to eighth directions, each beam has 30 its direction and width to encompass one or more devices in the relevant group is selected. 6136 / TR 35 In addition to any of the first to seventh directions, the access point is relative to the tenth direction. (AP) coverage area is divided into fixed sectors and devices are grouped together. In this separation, each group corresponds to a sector, and a device belongs to the relevant sector. When received, it is assigned to a group. In addition to the tenth direction, there is a beam for each sector in relation to the eleventh direction. It is related that the direction and width of the beam mentioned here are constant. In addition to directions one through eleven, according to direction twelve, the trigger information is for the access point. (AP) is broadcast to all devices within its coverage area. 10 The thirteenth direction is a method for wireless communication of an access point. It is under development and will enable the transmission of trigger information; and response information from multiple devices. obtaining; directional information from the response information of each of multiple devices. determining; multiple devices based on directional information from multiple devices 15 They should be divided into at least two groups; feedback information should be collected individually for each group. the creation of; and for each group based on the directional information of the devices within the group. This includes the transmission of relevant feedback information. In addition to the thirteenth direction, according to the fourteenth direction, at least one of the groups must have at least two devices 20 It includes. According to the fifteenth direction in addition to the thirteenth or fourteenth direction, individual for each group. Feedback information, feedback for each of the multiple devices within the group. It includes 25 elements. Furthermore, by any of the processing circuit applications mentioned above Corresponding methods are being developed, including the steps involved. Additionally, when executed by a computer or a processing circuit, the above 30 code instructions that perform the steps of any of the specified methods And a computer program is being developed that is stored in a non-volatile environment. 6136 / TR 36 According to some applications, the aforementioned processing circuit and / or transceiver is an integrated circuit. It is embedded within (IC). The current explanation states that any device could have an integrated chip embedded within it. Any of the applications or example applications mentioned above can be combined. The topics discussed are currently considered the most practical and preferred practices. Although explained in detail for illustrative purposes based on the practices employed, 10 As can be understood, this detail is solely for this purpose, and the subject explained is the subject of the explanation. not limited to applications, but rather within the nature and scope of the requests given in the annex. It aims to cover the modifications and equivalent arrangements found. For example, As can be understood, the subject matter described in the current situation is, as far as possible, any one or more features of the application, one or more features of any other application It is designed to be combined with even more features.

Claims

6136 / TR 37 REQUESTS 1. It is an access point (AP) for wireless communication, It will transmit the trigger information; and 5 will receive response information from multiple devices a transceiver configured in this way; response information and directional information for each of the multiple devices will determine the multiple devices mentioned, based on the directional information of the multiple devices involved will divide them into at least two groups, 10 It will generate feedback information individually for each group, and the aforementioned transceiver, based on the orientation information of the devices within the group For each group, it will enable them to submit relevant feedback information. It includes a processing circuit structured in this way.

2. This is an access point for wireless communication, compliant with claim 1, where groups of At least one of them involves at least two devices.

3. Access point for wireless communication that conforms to request 1 or 2, where each Individual feedback information for the group, 20 for each of the multiple devices within the group. It includes a feedback element.

4. Access point for wireless communication that complies with any of requirements 1 through 3. This ensures that feedback information is transmitted to all devices simultaneously.

5. Access point for wireless communication suitable for any of items 1 through 4. and here, each device within the group has a feedback element for the respective device. It includes preliminary coding information.

6. Access point 30 for wireless communication that complies with any of requests 1 through 5. and here, individual feedback information for each group, at least one for each group It is transmitted using individual beams of light. 6136 / TR 38 7. Access point for wireless communication suitable for any of items 1 through 6. and here, the response information of each device is the uplink of the device in question. It serves as a confirmation that you are ready to participate in the transmission and access. This allows the access point (AP) to determine that this device is active.

8. Access point for wireless communication that complies with any of requests 1 through 7. and the devices mentioned here are based on spatial proximity. They are grouped together.

9. Access point 10 for wireless communication that complies with any of requests 1 through 8. and here the direction and width of each beam are determined by one or more of the relevant groups. It is selected to cover the device.

10. Access point for wireless communication that complies with any of requests 1 through 7. and here the coverage area of ​​the access point (AP) is in fixed sectors of 15 It is leaving, and here In the grouping of the multiple devices mentioned, each group corresponds to a sector. It is received and, when a device is placed in the relevant sector, it is assigned to a group.

11. Access point for wireless communication according to claim 10, where every 20 A beam is associated with the sector, respectively, the direction of the beam mentioned here. and its width is fixed.

12. Access point for wireless communications that complies with any of claims 1 through 11. and here the trigger information is all 25 within the coverage area of ​​the access point (AP). It is broadcast to the devices.

13. It is a method for wireless communication of an access point, transmitting trigger information; Receiving response information from multiple devices; 30 Determining directional information from the response data of multiple devices; Based on directional information from multiple devices, at least multiple devices dividing into two groups; to create feedback information individually for each group; and 6136 / TR 39 Based on the directional information of the devices within the group, relevant information for each group. providing feedback information It includes.

14. This is a method for wireless communication of an access point that complies with claim 13, and 5 Here, at least one of the groups includes at least two devices.

15. Method for wireless communication of an access point that complies with claim 13 or 14. and here, individual feedback information for each group, multiple within the group It includes a feedback element for each of the devices. 10

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