Homogeneous Flow and Polygonal Tube Heat Exchanger

Abstract

This invention relates to tubular heat exchangers used in a wide range of applications, primarily in power plants, petrochemical processes, heating and cooling lines in the food industry, and air conditioning systems. Specifically, the invention focuses on a novel design that improves the effects of equal spacing between tubes, the geometric structure of the tube arrays, and the uniform flow rate and velocity of the primary fluid flowing outside the tubes on heat transfer performance.

Description

1 TARIFF HOMOGENEOUS FLOW AND POLYGONAL TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER Technical Area This invention is primarily used for heating systems in power plants, petrochemical processes, and the food industry. 5 used in a wide range of applications, including cooling lines and air conditioning systems. The invention relates to tubular type heat exchanger devices. Specifically, it concerns devices used in heat exchangers. the distances between the pipes are equal, the geometric structure of the pipe arrangements and the pipe ensuring the primary fluid flowing from the outside at a constant flow rate and velocity improves heat transfer performance. It focuses on a new design that improves its effects. State of the Art 10 Heat exchangers are among the most important heat transfer devices in industry. Evaporators, Condensers, heaters, coolers, etc., under various names in the chemical and petrochemical industries. immediately their industries, thermal power plants, cooling, heating and air conditioning facilities Different types and capacities of heat exchangers can be used at each stage. The main purpose of using heat exchangers is to facilitate heat transfer between different fluids. The most important performance criterion of a heat exchanger is to ensure primary and secondary efficiency. Heat exchangers are the means by which heat transfer between fluids can be achieved at high rates. It enables heat transfer between two process fluids (primary and secondary) passing through it. These are pieces of equipment. The more heat exchange that occurs between process streams, the more energy is generated. Its efficiency becomes so high and its energy needs decrease. 20 Heat exchangers can be classified as two-fluid, three-fluid, and multi-fluid. Mostly, heat... Heat exchangers use two fluids. Tubular heat exchangers generally use tubes with a circular cross-section. Circular cross-section pipes are used. They have a higher profile compared to those with other geometric shapes. Because they are resistant to high pressures, this type of heat exchanger is widely used. Tubular Heat exchangers are primarily made of bundles of tubes. A primary fluid is located in a tube of 25 While a fluid flows through the inside, a secondary fluid flows outside the pipe and transfers heat between them. The passage is facilitated. The tubes commonly used in circular tube heat exchanger systems in current technology are: When arranged in concentric or triangular mesh patterns, irregularities occur between the pipes. Voids form, which prevents the fluid from passing through every region at the same speed. 30 This irregularity leads to both local temperature differences and low heat transfer coefficients. It opens. The subject of the invention is a homogeneous flow and polygonal tube heat exchanger system in which the tubes are square and selected with a hexagonal cross-section and designed to provide optimum fit with the outer wall. It is arranged. Thanks to this geometric structure: 35 • By equalizing the paths the fluid follows between the pipes, velocity differences are minimized. 2 • The primary fluid flowing outside the pipes should flow around the pipes at a uniform flow rate and velocity. is provided, • Dead spaces between pipes are eliminated. • The heat transfer surface area is maximized in relation to the heat exchanger cross-sectional area. • No regionally differential heat transfer occurs in the secondary fluid. 5 Thus, the performance of the heat exchanger is important from both thermodynamic and hydrodynamic perspectives. This is optimized. The invention also applies to primer flowing from the outer surface of the pipes. by ensuring that the fluid is distributed evenly and in a directed manner throughout the entire wall volume. This allows for homogeneous heat transfer to the secondary fluid. This is especially true in this case. In industrial applications requiring precise temperature and heat flux control, the system efficiency is increased by 10. It increases and improves product quality. In existing circular tube heat exchanger systems, the commonly used circular cross-section The pipes exhibit a geometrically inefficient arrangement. This type of in systems, pipes are placed with irregular and uneven gaps within the wall, This causes the fluid to move at different speeds in different regions. These speed differences cause heat transfer. This results in uneven heat transfer across the heat exchanger. This is especially true in this respect. a significant loss in terms of thermal performance, quality of the fluid in which heat is transferred This leads to changes and inefficiencies throughout the system. Furthermore, this structure formed by circular tubes prevents the efficient use of wall volume. Fewer tubes can be fitted inside a heat exchanger with the same external volume, and 20 The spaces between the pipes increase. This leads to a decrease in both the total surface area and... This leads to a decrease in the heat transfer capacity per unit volume. As a result, Larger volume heat exchangers are needed to achieve the desired performance. This becomes audible. This increases both the need for space and the investment and operating costs. Especially in processes requiring precise temperature and heat flow, such as food production or 25 In chemical reactors, this unstable flow condition is caused by regional overheating or cooling. This can result in negative consequences for product quality. In food fluids, however... Temperature imbalances can cause burning, undercooking, or stability problems in the products. Problems may arise. In this context, it provides geometric symmetry between the pipes, with a wall volume of up to 30 using it efficiently and ensuring that the fluid moves with an even distribution of speed and temperature in every region. A new piping system is needed to make this possible. Purpose of the Invention The main aim of this invention is to improve the technique observed in known circular tube heat exchangers. Low efficiency, non-homogeneous heat distribution, volumetric inefficiency, and high investment. 35 The aim is to eliminate technical problems such as costs. In this context, the heat exchanger... the primary fluid circulating inside contacts the outer surfaces of the pipes at equal speed and flow rate 3 heat exchangers with polygonal cross-section tube arrays designed to enable this. Modifying designs are proposed. The aim of this developed design is to achieve a constant flow characteristic on the outer surfaces of the pipes. The aim is to ensure a homogeneous transfer of heat flux to the secondary fluid by creating a heat sink. Accordingly, the concentric and symmetrical arrangement of circular tubes and the regular arrangement of square tubes... Alignment in the settlement structure and compact arrangement of hexagonal pipes in a honeycomb form. The following arrangements have been proposed. Each arrangement type offers maximum compatibility with the wall geometry. designed to provide the most efficient use of wall volume possible. It enables the use of heat energy that is planned to be transferred per unit of time. Depending on the quantity, pipe diameters, pipe materials, pipe numbers and lengths are 10. It can be changed. Thanks to this design approach: • The transfer regime is balanced by keeping the distances between the pipes constant. • The primary fluid flowing from the outside of the pipes passes through all pipe surfaces at equal velocity and flow rate. It is flowing. 15 • Since the heat transfer surfaces with the same cross-sectional area are increased, the heat transfer coefficient is increased. is being increased, • Minimizing the volume occupied by the heat exchanger, thereby reducing investment and operating costs. is being reduced. As a result, both thermal and geometric efficiency have been increased, along with process safety and product 20. A more controlled heat exchanger system has been achieved in terms of quality. Furthermore, thanks to the even distribution of fluid flow rate and velocity in the system, the primary The fluid can be operated at lower pressures and flow rates. This reduces the need for pump power and Reducing energy consumption also lowers the overall operating costs of the system. Advantages Gained Through the Invention 25 Calculations showed that the hexagonal tube arrangement makes the most efficient use of wall volume and This structure offers the advantage of a compact layout. This structure utilizes circular tube heating. Approximately 40% more heat transfer surface in the same volume compared to heat exchangers. or providing the same heat transfer surface area using 40% less space. is able to do so. 30 The structure created with square tubes is 32.8% more efficient compared to circular tube heat exchangers. It offers similar heat transfer performance using a small wall area. Hexagonal tube heat exchanger. The modifier, thanks to its regular layout, is the easiest to manufacture among all models. It stands out as the most suitable structure for modular design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 35 Figure 1: Concentrically arranged circular tubes and circular exterior in the known state of the art. Cross-sectional view of a double-walled heat exchanger perpendicular to the flow direction. 4 Figure 2: Heat exchanger with uniformly arranged square tubes and a square outer wall. Figure 3: Heat exchanger with concentric hexagonal tubes and a recessed outer wall. Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the polygonal tube heat exchanger and fluid flow system, which is the subject of the invention. REFERENCE NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE FIGURES 1. Cylindrical tube heat exchanger outer diameter. 5 2. Spacing between the shell and the tube 3. The gap between two pipes 4. Current situation cylindrical tube heat exchanger outer wall inner diameter 5. Axis line of pipes on the same axis 6. The outermost pipes are 10. 7. Cylindrical tube heat exchanger wall 8. Square tube width 9. Square tube heat exchanger outer wall width 10. Square tube heat exchanger outer wall 11. Hexagonal tube heat exchanger, hexagonal side length 15 12. Inner width of the hexagonal tube heat exchanger wall 13. Hexagonal pipe parallelogram measurement (Wrench opening) 14. Hexagonal tube heat exchanger with polygonal outer wall. 15. Polygonal tube heat exchanger secondary fluid inlet 16. Polygonal tube heat exchanger secondary fluid outlet 20 17. Polygonal tube heat exchanger primary fluid inlet 18. Polygonal tube heat exchanger primary fluid outlet Detailed Technical Description of the Invention The invention concerns a wall cross-section that utilizes a high occupancy rate and provides homogeneous heat transfer. It is a polygonal tube heat exchanger with homogeneous flow. The heat exchanger that is the subject of the invention is 25 a. the entry of the secondary fluid, whose heat is to be changed, into the polygonal tubes of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger primary fluid inlet (17) provides the secondary fluid to the heat exchanger. Primary fluid outlet (18), which provides exit from polygonal tubes, b. Heat transfer fluid entering the heat exchanger, which facilitates the primary fluid's entry into the heat exchanger. heat exchanger secondary fluid inlet (15), primary fluid heat exchanger polygon 30 passing homogeneously through the spaces between the pipes, it reaches the periphery of the heat exchanger. secondary fluid that collects in the outlet manifold and exits the heat exchanger exit (16) It includes polygonal tubes through which the secondary fluid, whose temperature will be changed, is passed. It is cross-sectional. The subject of the invention is a homogeneous flow polygonal tube heating system providing homogeneous heat transfer. The pipes through which the secondary fluid, whose temperature is to be changed in the heat exchanger, flows are preferably It has a square or hexagonal cross-section. The heat exchanger that is the subject of the invention has a primary fluid in the tube. pressure equalizers, distributors and collectors that ensure homogeneous flow from the outside. It includes collector systems. In the preferred configuration of the invention, square-section tubes are arranged in a regular pattern, 10 They are aligned perpendicular to the wall surface and placed at fixed intervals. The preferred designation of the invention. In its other structure, hexagonal cross-section pipes are arranged in a honeycomb form, and the wall volume It is positioned to fill it completely. In all systems the distance between pipes (3) is fixed at 5 mm and the pipe lengths are 1000 mm It has been implemented as follows. 15 With the relevant calculations: • The external heat transfer surfaces of the pipes are equal, • The number of circular and hexagonal tubes has been kept the same, • Square tubes were used as an example layout, with 9 tubes. The tubes were arranged according to the heating requirements. The number and pipe dimensions may vary. 20 Based on these data and keeping the minimum wall spacing (3) at 5 mm in all of them, the same The heating surface efficiency that can fit into the cross-section has been calculated. Table 1 summarizes the technical comparison based on three different pipe cross-section types: Table 1. Performance comparison of different heat exchangers. Sample Heat Changer Type Pipe Number Edge Its length, Diameter Minimum Space Outer Wall Inner Its size Only Pipe En Section Area Total Cross-section Area Heating Surface Area Area Usage Number (1,8,13) mm (3) mm (4,9,12) mm (mm²) A-mm² (mm²) % Circular 7 30.7 5 112.1 740.2 9869.6 96.447 100% Square 9 24.1 5 92.3 258.2 6631.2 96.447 67.2% Hexagon 7 16.1 5 103.5 670.9 5924.6 96.447 60.0% 6 a. Figure 1: Concentrically arranged circular tubes and circular tubes in the known state of the art. The image shows a cross-sectional view of a double-walled heat exchanger perpendicular to the flow direction. In the known state of the art, cylindrical tubes and pipes are commonly used. arranged concentrically, minimum gap between pipe outer dimensions (3) 5 mm The heat exchanger in which it is adjusted is shown representatively in Figure 1. In this application, 5 cylindrical tubes are used. heat exchanger tube outer diameters (1) are located on the axis line (5) of the tubes on the same axis. Cylindrical tube heating with the spacing between the tubes (3) and the outer diameters of the outermost tubes (6). gaps between the inner diameter of the changer body (7) (body and pipe gaps (2)) The sum forms the inner diameter of the outer shell (4). b. Figure 2: Grid arrangement of square tubes and square-walled heat exchanger 10 It shows. The subject of the invention is a heat exchanger system with homogeneous flow and polygonal tubes, in which the tubes are square and selected with a hexagonal cross-section and designed to provide optimum fit with the outer wall. It is arranged as shown in Figure 2, consisting of square tubes with circular circumferences around the tubes. In a heat exchanger where the distance between pipes is the same as in circular tubes, the minimum distance between pipes is 15 It is designed to be within the same range as heat exchangers. Concentrically arranged circular tubes and circular-walled heating systems in the known state of the art. homogeneous flow and polygonal tube heat exchanger, which is the subject of the present invention. Pipe circumferences for the purpose of comparing the pipe heat transfer surfaces of the system with each other and The heat transfer surfaces were equalized by keeping the pipe lengths the same. The cross-sectional dimensions are as follows: 20 It has been calculated. The width of the square pipe (8) was calculated by taking the circumference of the circular pipe as a reference. Given here The sample tube outer diameter was taken as 30.7 mm. Circular pipe circumference = π × (1) = 3.14159 × 30.7 = 96.45 mm Square tube edge length (8)=96.45 / 4=24.11 mm 25 In this application, the outer shell width of the square tube heat exchanger (9), the widths of the square tubes (8) and two as the sum of the pipe-to-pipe openings (3) and the shell-to-pipe openings (2) It has been determined. Figure 3: Concentric hexagonal tube recessed-wall heat exchanger. The subject of the invention is a heat exchanger system with homogeneous flow and polygonal tubes, in which the tubes are square and 30 selected with a hexagonal cross-section and designed to provide optimum fit with the outer wall. It is arranged in a way that is exemplified in Figure 3, consisting of hexagonal tubes and concentric circles. A heat exchanger consisting of tubes is shown. The outer circumference of the hexagonal tubes is also covered with a reference heat exchanger in the current state of the art. For comparison purposes, it has been kept the same. 35 The hexagonal side length (11) was applied as 96.45 / 6=16.07 mm. 7 The heat exchangers in Figures 1, 2, and 3 have been designed with the same single tube circumference and length. The heat transfer surface area of ​​each pipe has been kept the same. A1=π × (1) × L (Single pipe heat transfer surface) A1=96.447 mm 2 L: Pipe length (mm) 5 According to the results, the hexagonal tube arrangement is both the most efficient in terms of wall area utilization and... It has become a structure with maximum capacity. This makes it efficient and homogeneous in heat transfer. This makes it the best alternative in terms of features. In this solution, a hexagonal tube heat exchanger is used. inner width of the body (12); the sum of the dimensions between the parallel sides of the hexagonal pipe (13) and the two hexagonal The sum of the pipe-to-pipe spacing (3) and the shell-to-pipe spacing (2) is 10 It has been implemented. The hexagonal tube heat exchanger has a polygonal outer shell (14), hexagonal tube It is implemented as a polygon formed by the bundle and equidistant from the wall (Figure 3). Experimental Procedure and Figure Explanations In the known state of the art, concentrically arranged circular tubes and circular-walled heating systems 15 homogeneous flow and polygonal tube heat exchanger, which is the subject of the present invention. to demonstrate the technical impact and advantage of the invention consortium by comparing the systems An experimental study has been conducted. In the experimental study, the heat exchanger, representing the known state of the technology, was used. The concentrically arranged circular tube and circular wall heating element shown in Figure 1 is 20. It is a modifier. Figure 1 shows one commonly used in the known state of the art. cylindrical tubes with concentrically arranged tubes, minimum clearance between two tubes (3) It is a heat exchanger where the gap between the shell and the tube is (2) 5 mm. It is a heat exchanger with a cylindrical outer wall formed by leaving a gap. This heat exchanger is a reference type. Polygonal tube heat exchangers were evaluated by taking 25 points. Figure 2: Grid arrangement of square tubes and a square-walled heat exchanger. The square tubes shown in Figure 1, whose circumferences are the same as those of circular tubes, It is a heat exchanger with a minimum distance between the tubes. Circular tube heat exchanger. It is a heat exchanger designed to operate within the same range as pipe heat exchangers. For the purpose of comparing their surfaces, the pipe circumferences and pipe lengths were kept the same. 30 The heat transfer surfaces have been equalized. The cross-sectional dimensions have been calculated as follows: • Circumference of circular pipe = π × (1) = 3.14159 × 30.7 mm = 96.45 mm • Square pipe width (8) = 96.45 mm / 4 = 24.11 mm Figure 3: Concentric hexagonal tube recessed-wall heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, consisting of hexagonal tubes and concentric tubes, is shown in Figure 3. 35 The outer circumference of the hexagonal tubes is also the same as the reference heat exchanger for comparison purposes. He was detained. 8 • The hexagonal side length (7) was applied as 96.45 mm / 6 = 16.07 mm. The heat exchangers in Figures 1, 2, and 3 have been designed with the same single tube circumference and length. The heat transfer surface area of ​​each pipe has been kept the same. • A1 = π × (1) × L = 3.14159 × 30.7 mm × 1000 mm ≈ 96.447 mm² Figure 4 shows the homogeneous heat transfer and flows in the polygonal tube heat exchanger that is the subject of this study. A perspective view is shown. The fluid whose heat will be exchanged (secondary fluid) is the polygonal tube heat exchanger on the right. Entering from the primary fluid inlet (17), it flows through the pipes and the polygonal tube on the left The heat exchanger exits from the primary fluid outlet (18). The primary fluid that provides heat transfer The secondary fluid in the polygonal tube heat exchanger with a circumferential inlet manifold is 10. By entering through the inlet (15) and washing all pipe surfaces circumferentially It is distributed, passing homogeneously through the spaces between the pipes, and exits through the surrounding area. collected in the collector and from the polygonal tube heat exchanger secondary fluid outlet (16) It is emerging.

Claims

9 REQUESTS 1. Utilizing a high wall coverage ratio and providing homogeneous heat transfer. 5 It is a homogeneous flow, polygonal tube heat exchanger, characterized by its... a. The secondary fluid whose heat is to be changed is placed into the polygonal tubes of the heat exchanger. heat exchanger primary fluid inlet (17) which provides the inlet, secondary fluid heat Primary fluid outlet (18) which provides the exit of the exchanger from the polygonal tubes, b. 10 that allows the primary fluid, which provides heat transfer, to enter the heat exchanger. heat exchanger secondary fluid inlet (15), primary fluid of the heat exchanger Heat passes homogeneously through the spaces between the polygonal tubes. The heat exchanger discharges its contents collected in the peripheral outlet collector of the heat exchanger. secondary fluid outlet (16) It includes the characteristic of the pipes through which the secondary fluid, whose temperature will be changed, is passed. 15 It has a polygonal cross-section.

2. According to claim 1, it is a homogeneous flow polygonal tube heat exchanger, and its characteristic is its heat The pipes through which the secondary fluid to be replaced flows have a square or hexagonal cross-section. It is the fact that.

3. According to any of the above requirements, a homogeneous flow polygonal tube heat exchanger 20 It is a modifier, and its characteristic feature is that it ensures the homogeneous flow of the primary fluid from the outside of the pipes. It includes a pressure balancing, distribution and collection manifold system that provides pressure relief.

4. According to any of the above requirements, a homogeneous flow and polygonal tube heating system. It is a modifier, and its characteristic feature is that it forms a regular grid structure of square-section pipes on the wall surface. They are vertically aligned and placed at fixed intervals. 25 5. According to any of the above requirements, a homogeneous flow and polygonal tube heating system. It is a converter, characterized by the fact that hexagonal cross-section tubes are arranged in a honeycomb form and the wall It is positioned in such a way as to completely fill its volume.

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