DUAL-LENS SYSTEM FOR VISIBLE AREA SYSTEMS

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-lens system for visible region systems, focusing on a fixed focal length optical system operating in the visible region band of the electromagnetic spectrum, using aspherical and diffraction-prone surfaces to reduce the number of lenses.

Description

1 TARIFF DUAL-LENS SYSTEM FOR VISIBLE AREA SYSTEMS The technical field to which the invention relates: The invention describes a fixed-focus magnetic device operating in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. an optical system that has a certain length and focuses on two lenses, the number of lenses being 5 a visible surface that uses non-spherical and diffraction-prone surfaces for the purpose of reducing visibility It relates to a dual-lens system for regional systems. State of the art: Visible area systems, particularly in optical and photographic technologies, allow us to see our surroundings. an important area that allows us to better understand and observe the world 10 These systems represent an object or image, usually through the use of optical lenses. It also allows the image to be observed from various angles. The visible region Visible region optical designs that expand and detail the scope of use both These designs are of critical importance in both industrial and scientific fields. They offer a wide range of applications. Optical components developed to capture angles and obtain more information 15 It is based on. Designs that utilize different numbers of lenses result in clearer and more accurate images. and ensures that it is presented to the user in a natural way. The basic principle of such systems Its function is to control the direction of light, accurately processing different wavelengths. by directing it in this way and thanks to the properties of the lens elements, 20 The purpose is to enable focusing. Lenses used in visible region optical designs, It is one of the main components of optical systems and of all types of visual perception systems. This directly affects the quality. Furthermore, various lens types and configurations... Its use is an important technique for enabling the visible region to be used in different environments. It offers advantages. 25 Visible region optical designs, which expand the scope of the visible region, especially widely used in camera systems, astronomy, and medical imaging technologies. It is used as such. In some applications, a wider field of view is achieved by using wide-angle lenses. While providing the ability to image an area, narrow-angle lenses are used in astronomical applications. 2 Using these methods, it is possible to observe distant galaxies more clearly. Medical In imaging systems, its applications include the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. More detailed images are obtained for planning purposes. These designs, not only is visual quality improved, but also optical resolution and light It also takes into account technical requirements such as management. 5 An optical system's ability to maintain focus over a wide temperature range. This is called athermalization. For applications sensitive to temperature variations, athermalization is used. Designing an optical system is quite important. Therefore, the mechanical structure... to simplify, eliminate the effect of temperature on the optical system and make it simple, To provide a lightweight, low-energy, low-cost mechanical structure and optical system. 10 Passive athermalization process is used for this. In refractive optical systems, the optical power of a lens is given by the equation Φ = E(n-1). Here, E is the surface curvature and n is defined as the refractive index. Optics The total power of the system is equal to the sum of the powers of each lens in the system, and Φ = "   n i i 1  This is given by the equality. Materials have properties that change with temperature. 15 When the temperature changes, thermal defocusing (focus shift) occurs in the optical system. Thermal defocus occurs due to the change in refractive index (dn / dt) with temperature. Optical performance is defined as a change in the focal position of an optical system. The thermal expansion (α) of the material and the change in refractive index with temperature (dn / dt) It is affected by two properties. Therefore, the variation of optical power with temperature.          - -      of T n T 1 It is given by the equation, where αi is the linear coefficient of thermal expansion and dn / dt It is defined as the derivative of the refractive index with respect to temperature.           - -      i n T n T 1 equality, The change in optical power with temperature depends on the lens material, and the lenses... This shows that it is independent of its position. The focal length of the optical system change with temperature (  f n T n f T f i         - -      1 equality),          - -      of T n T 1 from the equality 25 It can be derived. Here, γ is the thermal glass coefficient.  f n T n f T f i         - -      1 equality, optics The change in the focal length of the system with temperature is related to the thermal properties of the material. 3 This shows that they are related. The value of the thermal glass coefficient is related to the refractive index. wavelength and temperature due to changes caused by temperature It changes. Thermal defocus is related to the thermal expansion coefficient of the optomechanical whole. (αh) is also related. While optical systems are generally designed in a vacuum, optomechanical whole The material is also sensitive to thermal change. Therefore, an athermalized 5 should be considered for system design.  hfT f     equality, with thermal defocus Optomechanics demonstrates the relationship between all thermal expansion coefficients.  hfT f     As seen in the equation, the deviation in the focal position is the focus of the lenses. image plane due to optomechanical expansion of the whole with change in length It results from a combination of changes in position.  hfT f     equality one 10 As a result, athermal optical system   i hii  It must ensure equality.   i hii  When the equality is achieved, the change in body length is due to the lens. This is equivalent to the change in focus, and the optical system is considered athermal. To achieve athermal optical system design, Φ =   n i i 1  (optical power) equality and  hfT f     The equivalence requirements for (athermalization) must be met. 15 In conclusion, lens designs are one of the most important building blocks of visible region systems. As one example, it is a technique used to expand and enhance visual perception. Optics As systems evolve, these designs offer greater accuracy, speed, and efficiency. It provides. In the current state of the art, there are 20 lens systems for visible region systems. Although various suggestions and applications have been developed, there are many shortcomings in these developed systems. There are numerous lenses, or they operate in different wavelength ranges. For this purpose... Some of the applications related to the developed inventions are given below. Patent file number “US9818252” exists in the known state of the art. It has been examined. The invention in question relates to a product unloading device. The description states that the device consists of two pedals that can rotate on a base. Includes: lower pedal and upper pedal. The lower pedal moves towards the product storage passage, The upper pedal moves in a higher position than the lower pedal, on the same track. 4 The connector provides a link between the lower pedal and the upper pedal, and this connector... It controls the movement of the products from top to bottom. The device has a bottom pedal. By moving it forward, it prevents the products from falling down, and by moving the upper pedal backward, it prevents them from moving downwards. By facilitating this process, the device helps in the release of the products. The device ensures that the products are delivered to the desired location. It activates a specific mechanism to ensure that it is discharged in this way. 5 Patent file number “US5864436A” exists in the known state of the art. It has been examined. The invention in question, which is the subject of the application, uses visual and laser optical methods. This provides a description of a laser rangefinder system. in the system, both optical paths have the same focal length and similar angular aberration. A common objective lens is used. This objective lens covers the visual spectrum (0.45 x 10⁻¹⁰). almost 0.70 µm) and in the eye-friendly infrared (IR) spectrum (approximately 1.54 µm). achromatic, but also exhibiting various monochromatic aberrations (spherical distortion, It has good correction for coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion. The system, By adjusting the decentration of the objective lens in the x and y directions, 15 This is achieved by using a triplet lens design. And each element of this lens has a different refractive index and dispersion at different wavelengths of light. It is optimized according to its specifications. In the current state of the art, the required effective focal length in the visible region band. And systems that provide the field of view usually contain multiple lenses. However, 20 The system in the known technique has only 2 lenses and operates in the visible region, and Apart from commonly used lens materials, those capable of operating in the infrared region. by using materials; the front surfaces of the lenses are non-spherical. by being manufactured; and also thanks to the special production method applied to their back surfaces, both By obtaining both non-spherical and diffraction-providing surfaces, performance and 25 issues such as reducing the number of lenses without compromising image quality It is insufficient. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions, the subject matter... Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. 30 The purpose of the invention: The main goal of the invention is to achieve a fixed effective focal length using only two lenses, and It provides an optical system with a field of view. In this way, optical systems... It simplifies and makes integration more efficient. Another aim of the invention is to make optical systems easier and cheaper by using two lenses. The aim is to ensure production at a lower cost. This provides an advantage in terms of production. Another aim of the invention is to explore different lens combinations, materials, and surface treatments. by using different optical designs, various viewing angles can be achieved. and enables the achievement of effective focal lengths. This method allows for different optical orientations. The creation of these designs offers versatile usage possibilities. 10 Another aim of the invention is to create different combinations that can be used in different optical designs. And thanks to the different effective focal lengths that will be created with these optical designs, further distances can be achieved. The aim is to enable the detection of different types of targets from various distances. In this way, This allows the system to be used in a wider range of applications. Another aim of the invention is to optimize the optical system by 15 lenses. to improve performance and enable targets to be identified with higher accuracy It is to recognize. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with reference to these figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood as such. Therefore, the evaluation should also include these forms and detailed explanations. 20 This should be done taking that into consideration. Explanation of the figures: FIGURE -1; The subject of the invention is a two-lens system for visible region systems. It is a drawing that gives the image. FIGURE 2; The invention is a diagram showing the transmittance graph of optical materials. 25 FIGURE 3; The subject of the invention is the optical system of a two-lens system for visible region systems. This is a drawing that provides the MTF (Model-True Graphic) for the design. 6 FIGURE 4; The subject of the invention is the optical system of a two-lens system for visible region systems. This is a drawing that provides a spot diagram of the design. Explanation of the references in the figures: 1. First lens 2. Second lens 5 Description of the invention: The invention describes a fixed-focus magnetic device operating in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. an optical system that has a certain length and focuses on two lenses, the number of lenses a visible surface that uses non-spherical and diffraction-prone surfaces for the purpose of reducing visibility It relates to a dual-lens system for regional systems. 10 The invention relates to the electromagnetic spectrum for a given effective focal length and field of view. It is an optical system with two lenses that operate in the visible region band. Visible region Systems that provide the necessary effective focal length and field of view in that band are generally It uses a much larger number of lenses, and optical systems with two lenses are used in production. It offers many advantages in terms of integration. The optical system within the scope of the invention is 15 It has two lenses, works only in the visible region, and is commonly used. Materials that can operate in the infrared region, in addition to lens materials. It is used. In the invention, the front surfaces of the lenses are non-spherical. It is manufactured. Thanks to the special production process applied to its back surfaces, it is both globally... A surface that is both non-diffractional and diffraction-prone is obtained. This ensures improved performance and 20 The number of lenses is reduced without causing a decrease in image quality. The invention describes a constant-effect electromagnetic field operating in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. It includes an optical system structure with a focal length and two lenses, and optics It simplifies and makes the integration of systems more efficient. The invention makes optical systems easier and more cost-effective by using two lenses. It provides an advantage in terms of production due to its manufacture. The invention is possible thanks to different lens combinations, materials, and surface treatments. by using different optical designs, various viewing angles can be achieved. 7 and enables the achievement of effective focal lengths. This method allows for different optical orientations. The creation of these designs offers versatile usage possibilities. The invention, The different combinations that can be created lead to different optical designs, and these optical designs... Thanks to the different effective focal lengths that will be created, different views from longer distances can be obtained. The aim is to enable the detection of targets of this type. This allows the system to have a wider range of capabilities. This allows it to be used in the field of application. The invention improves the performance of the optical system through lens optimization, and It allows targets to be identified with greater accuracy. The invention describes a constant-effect electromagnetic field operating in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. It includes an optical system structure with a focal length and two lenses. The optical system has 10 To reduce the number of lenses, aspherical and diffraction-sensitive lenses are used. The surfaces are defined. The first lens (1) is the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Made from a commonly used 𝑀𝑔𝐹 material, visible area It has transmittance from the infrared band to approximately the beginning of the long infrared region. The second lens (2) is commonly used for the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is made from a ZnSe material used, approximately from the visible band. It has transparency up to the end of the long infrared region. Further information regarding the ZnSe materials used in the optical system is as follows: This is presented in Table 1. Table 1: Optical Material Properties 20 Nd Vd TCE p MGF2 1.37 106.22 9.4 3.17 ZNSE 2.44 8.07 7.1 5.26 Nd: Refractive index at wavelength. In optical applications, it shows how a material reacts to light. It is the key parameter that shows how much it bends. Vd: Represents the dispersion of the material (the difference in refractive index at different wavelengths). Materials with large refractive index differences at different wavelengths reflect light at 25°C. It disperses less (low color aberration). 8 TCE: Coefficient of thermal expansion. This refers to the coefficient of thermal expansion, which determines how much a material's dimensions change as its temperature changes. This indicates that there will be a change. p: Density. It indicates the mass per unit volume of the material. In the invention, the first lens (1) uses a non-spherical surface on its front surface and a spherical Optical defects are reduced thanks to the absence of a surface, and light in the visible wavelength is filtered out. It helps the working detector focus on the pixel. In addition, the first An aspherical and diffraction surface is also used on the rear surface of the lens (1). The non-spherical surface feature is used on both surfaces of the second lens (2). In this invention, the materials used are matched with each other. This allows for a temperature of -40°C. No decrease in optical performance in the temperature range of -60 degrees and +60 degrees. It has the ability to function without it. This is called passive athermalization. the method involves combining suitable optical materials with a suitable mechanical structure Shifting of the focal point and distortion of the image due to temperature change. is being disposed of. The first lens (1) and the second lens (2) have certain 15 requirements such as optical power and opto-mechanical conditions. Different focuses are created by combining different criteria. Dual-lens systems are obtained from their lengths for visible region systems. These combinations are being analyzed. The results obtained for one of these combinations are shown below. It is presented. EN 20 is the most commonly used standard for measuring and evaluating optical performance. Modulation transfer function (MTF) is one of the important optical parameters. the system's ability to distinguish between a pair of black and white lines It is defined as MTF being an indirect measure of contrast. It is closely related to the image quality produced by the designed optical system. MTF overall as pairs of lines per millimeter (cycle / mm) or pairs of lines per milliradians 25 It is defined as (cycle / mrad). As shown in Figure 3, the optical design created using two lenses has limited diffraction. and its performance can be improved under different temperature conditions with the applied passive atherization method. It continues under these conditions as well. The radiations reaching the lenses from the region being viewed by the optical system pass through the lenses. 30 The detector focuses on each pixel. Each focused pixel... 9 A single radiation wave forms the point shape seen in Figure 4. Each wave entering at different angles... Different point diagrams are formed for the light beam. As shown in Figure 4, the optical design created using two lenses represents the visible region. It focuses the relevant radiations in the band at the pixel level. With this focusing, MTF Considering the graph, a sharp and focused image will be created. 5 It is understood.

Claims

REQUESTS 1. It is a dual-lens system for visible region systems, and its feature is;  Enables focusing the light incident on the detector, which operates in the visible band, and The first lens (1) works together with the second lens (2),  The first lens (1) focuses the visible wavelength rays to the desired focus. 5 It contains a second lens (2) that enables it to move to the plane.

2. A dual-lens system for visible area systems conforming to Claim 1, characterized by: the visible region used for the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum 𝑀𝑔𝐹 has transparency from the infrared band to the beginning of the infrared region. It contains the first lens (1) made of material. 10 3. A dual-lens system for visible area systems conforming to Claim 1, characterized by: the visible region used for the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum ZnSe has transparency from the infrared band to the end of the infrared region. It contains a second lens (2) made of the same material.

4. A dual-lens system for visible area systems conforming to Claim 1, with the following feature: 15 focusing light onto a detector pixel that operates in the visible wavelength range to help, a non-spherical surface is used on the front surface and the back First lens (1) which uses a surface that also contains non-spherical diffraction on its surface It includes.

5. A dual-lens system for visible area systems conforming to Claim 1, with the following feature: 20 Second lens (2) which uses a non-spherical surface on its front and back surfaces It includes.

6. A dual-lens system for visible area systems conforming to Claim 1, characterized by: different focuses with combinations created by bringing together specific criteria. Two-lens system for visible region systems obtained from their lengths 25 It includes the first lens (1) and the second lens (2) which enables it to be used.

7. A dual-lens system for visible region systems that comply with Claim 6, Its defining characteristic is that it includes specific criteria such as optical power and opto-mechanical requirements.

8. A dual-lens system for visible region systems conforming to Claim 1, characterized by: As part of the passive athermalization design, temperatures between -40°C and +60°C are 30 11 together with the second lens (2) in such a way as to maintain the focus of the system within the range. It contains the first working lens (1).