Water-Based Electrically Conductive Adhesive

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-based electrically conductive adhesive used for interconnection, particularly in electronic devices, the automotive industry, and microelectronic applications. The adhesive, specifically developed to provide both a strong mechanical bond between electronic components and to conduct electrical current safely, efficiently, and stably, possesses a composition that combines high performance and environmental sustainability.

Description

1 TARIFF WATER-BASED ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE Technical Area The invention has particular applications in electronic devices, the automotive industry, and microelectronics. water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound used for interconnection in applications It is related. State of the Art 5 Electrically conductive adhesives provide mechanical connections between electronic components and These are special formulations designed to transmit electric current safely and efficiently. These adhesives play a critical role in the production of electronic devices and circuit boards. solar panels, LED lighting systems, electric vehicle battery packs, flexible electronics It is widely used in the assembly of high-tech products such as devices. 10 The high conductivity offered by electrically conductive adhesives allows for the easy installation of circuits and components. This improves their performance and reliability. However, the development of these adhesives and implementation includes many aspects such as environmental sustainability, occupational health and safety, and cost effectiveness. It presents challenges. The first of the challenges mentioned is environmental and health risks. Traditionally, electrically conductive 15 Adhesives are produced with volatile organic compound (VOC) based formulations. These Although the formulations offer high performance and electrical conductivity, they are harmful to the environment and It contains many chemicals that are harmful to human health. These include terpineol, hexane, toluene, and xylene. Volatile organic compounds such as chloroform, butyl carbitol acetate, and benzene are solvent-based. These substances are frequently used in adhesives. These substances are involved in production, use, and waste. 20 Disposal processes carry various risks. The production processes of VOC-based adhesives are energy-intensive and costly, and also have environmental impacts. The levels are quite high. VOCs released into the atmosphere during production negatively affect air quality. These substances can affect and trigger climate change. These substances also affect water. It poses a risk of seeping into water sources and soil, which threatens plant and animal life. 25 This includes the mismanagement of chemicals used in the production process and the resulting toxic waste. This can cause it to directly enter the environment, and this situation has repercussions on ecosystems. It can create irreversible effects. 2 Furthermore, the evaporation of these compounds poses serious health risks for those working in confined spaces. It causes respiratory illnesses, skin irritation, and central nervous system problems. Long-term exposure can lead to respiratory illnesses, skin irritation, and central nervous system disorders. It can lead to nervous system disorders and other health problems. In particular, toluene and Long-term inhalation of compounds like benzene is among the factors that increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, in environments where VOC-based adhesives are used, occupational health and safety are at risk. Safety regulations are required. Furthermore, contact of these compounds with the skin... It can cause dermatological problems, which negatively impacts workforce productivity. It can have an impact. During waste disposal, the uncontrolled release of VOC-based adhesives into the environment, This causes serious environmental pollution. This situation, especially in developing countries, is not adequately addressed. VOCs pose a serious problem in regions that lack waste management systems. Seepage into soil and waterways leads to both the contamination of groundwater reserves and damage to agriculture. This leads to the land becoming unproductive. This situation directly affects the health of the local population. This is a serious problem affecting waterways. Furthermore, the direct discharge of such chemicals into waterways, This leads to a decrease in biodiversity and fish deaths in aquatic ecosystems. 15 In the current system, there are various patent and utility model applications and articles related to the subject. Existing patents and technological solutions exist for electrically conductive adhesives. It offers various approaches in its development. However, these solutions are generally VOC-based. and has shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability. Application number US20240182769A1 concerns the manufacture of heat absorbing paste, heat absorbing film and their 20 This application is related to methods involving elastic polymer resins and conductive metal particles. It includes some advantages in terms of heat management and electrical conductivity. It does not introduce an innovative approach regarding environmental impacts. The invention uses a conductive filler. perfluoroelastomer (FFKM), fluorosilicone (FVMQ), chloroprene, neoprene, nitrile It is dispersed in resins such as butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) 25 However, the challenges in the production and recycling processes of these resins are noted. Therefore, it appears to lack environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the product in question... It is described as a single-component ink for conductive films. As an interconnecting element. No information has been provided regarding its usability. Invention number US7608203B2 describes metallic colloidal solutions and inkjet metallic 30 This application relates to inks. This application focuses on water-based inks, which are less harmful from a safety and environmental perspective. metallic particles obtained by the reduction of metallic ions in a dispersion medium 3 It is based on. However, this solution has been developed specifically for printing applications, Not suitable for electrically conductive adhesives. The invention explores the potential of water-based solutions. Although it demonstrates this, its application area is quite limited. Furthermore, the product mentioned in the invention is conductive film. It is described as a single-component ink. As an interconnecting element. No information has been provided regarding its usability. 5 Invention number EP3894490B1 relates to silver nanoparticle-based ink formulations. These inks are related. They have been developed for inkjet printing technologies, They offer high conductivity and stability. However, these solutions are used as interconnecting elements. It does not offer an environmentally friendly adhesive that can be used. The high mentioned in the invention aliphatic monohydric alcohols and terpenic alcohols (e.g., ethanol, propanol, 10) offer performance. Volatile organic compounds such as terpineol damage the ozone layer in the atmosphere. It leads to pollution. The vapors of these components have harmful effects on human health. This can occur, and respiratory problems may develop, especially with prolonged exposure. Therefore, this invention falls under the category of solutions lacking environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the product in question is described as a single-component ink for conductive films. Dec 15 There is no information provided regarding its use as a fastening element. Invention number US8440110B2 relates to conductive ink or adhesive compounds. This The technology was developed to provide conductivity in electronic circuits. However, The formulations of these adhesives are generally VOC-based and environmentally sustainable. It has shortcomings in this respect. This patent, numbered EP3894490B1, mentioned above, is 20. aliphatic monohydric and terpenic alcohols (such as ethanol, propanol, terpineol) like patent alcohols It contains volatile organic compounds. This damages the ozone layer in the atmosphere. They cause air pollution. The vapors of these components are harmful to human health. It can cause side effects, especially respiratory problems with prolonged exposure. This is possible. Therefore, the technology in question has certain electrical conductivity requirements. Although it offers advantages, environmental impacts have been ignored. Furthermore, the product mentioned in the patent is conductive. It is described as a single-component ink for films. As an interconnecting element. No information has been provided regarding its usability. Literature and market research indicate that a large percentage of existing electrically conductive adhesives... the majority are VOC-based and have significant shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability 30 This indicates that it contains. However, studies on water-based solutions It is limited and the needs in this area have not been adequately met. 4 A study has developed a water-based, electrically conductive ink. This ink, RFID antenna printing material was used. The study explores the potential of water-based solutions. Although it shows this, it is not specifically developed for electrically conductive adhesives. Water The limited areas of use for base-based inks mean these technologies have a wider range of applications. It reveals the potential to possess. 5 Available alternatives on the market include Novacentrix HPS-021LV and Nanocintech Water Based Conductive Ink. These products generally offer limited conductivity and performance. For example, the technical aspects of these products... According to the documents, the volumetric electrical resistivity values ​​are respectively Novacentrix HPS-021LV for 5.1x10⁻⁶ ohm-cm and for Nanocintech Water Based Conductive Ink 10⁻³ ohm-cm. It is also given. In addition, this product is used as a single-component ink to create conductive films. It is available on the market. There is information indicating that it can be used as an interconnecting element. It has not been given. In the literature, "Water-Based Isotropically Conductive Adhesives: Towards Green and Low-Cost The study titled "Flexible Electronics" focuses on water-based electrically conductive inks. It presents important findings for its development. The ink obtained in this study is 15 The volumetric electrical resistivity was reported as 10⁻⁵ ohm-cm. Produced in the aforementioned study. Silver is used to improve the electrical properties of conductive inks. It has been stated that surface modification was performed on the microparticles. Furthermore, the aforementioned The product developed in this study is used to create a conductive film. Interconnection There is no information available regarding its usability as an element. 20 As can be seen, the existing technology is similar to the invention whose features are detailed below. It has a lower electrical conductivity value compared to others and is used to create a conductive film. It has been designed. As a result, low electrical resistance and strong mechanical properties are achieved in the assembly of electronic components. Durability, providing reliable adhesion in various environmental conditions, offers high performance, 25 There is a need for an environmentally friendly, economical, and safe adhesive solution. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention has particular applications in electronic devices, the automotive industry, and microelectronics. This relates to water-based electrically conductive adhesives used for interconnection in applications. The aim of the invention is to enable the production of an environmentally friendly and sustainable adhesive. Traditional To eliminate the environmental impact of VOC-based adhesives, a water-based composition was developed. It has been developed. The use of water-based adhesives is beneficial for sustainability and cost-effectiveness in the industry. This represents an important step, and the invention is an innovative solution towards these goals. 5 It offers. The invention offers superior performance compared to currently available water-based printing and coating materials on the market. It offers and increases energy efficiency. The adhesive developed with this invention is used in solar panels, LED lighting systems, and flexible electronics. 10 devices for assembling electric vehicle battery packs and other high-tech components It is optimized for use. The volumetric electrical resistivity value of the invention was measured as 3.75 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm. Therefore... The invention offers superior performance compared to currently available water-based printing and coating materials on the market. It offers solutions that optimize the performance of electronic devices by increasing energy efficiency. Specifically, this value is 15 for solar panels, LED lighting systems, flexible circuits, etc. By providing a reliable and stable connection in sensitive electronic components, it minimizes energy losses. It minimizes conductivity. Furthermore, this conductivity is reduced when the adhesive is applied in thin layers. by enabling its implementation, it provides material savings in assembly processes and production flexibility. and offers a cost advantage. The viscosity of the adhesive ranges from 0.01 to 1500 Pa·s, measured at a shear rate of 0.3 1 / s at 20 °C. It has been optimized over a wide range of viscosities. This viscosity range allows the adhesive to be used in screen printing, Various applications such as flexographic printing, gravure printing, roll-to-roll printing, and direct ink printing. This flexibility enables the adhesive to perform at a high level in various techniques. It allows for easy integration into production processes and during implementation. It provides a homogeneous coating. 25 The composition of the invention also includes anti-drying and anti-foaming additives. It is enriched with drying agents such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, and propylene glycol. by providing sufficient working time during adhesive application, thus improving the operator's work. This facilitates defoaming with antifoaming agents such as polydimethyl siloxane, polyethylene glycol, and paraffin. These materials, by improving print quality, result in a high-performance and aesthetically flawless finish. It helps in obtaining the product. 6 The invention eliminates the environmental and health risks caused by VOC-based adhesives. It offers a high-performance and sustainable solution. Water-based electrical conductor. Adhesive, high conductivity, strong adhesion, environmentally friendly composition and wide range of applications. By combining features such as these, it plays an important role in the production of electronic and electrical devices. It offers several benefits. The invention provides reliable connections between electronic components, while 5 by supporting the transition to environmentally friendly production processes, the industry's sustainability goals It contributes. Explanation of the Figures Figure 1: a) 15 different locations where the water-based electrically conductive adhesive, the subject of the invention, is applied. a) Electroluminescence image of the cells with the highest yield from the sample, b) EPO-10 Of the 15 different samples to which TEK H20E® product was applied, the one with the highest efficiency was... Electroluminescence image of the cells. Figure 2: a) The subject of the invention is a solar panel created using a water-based electrically conductive adhesive. a) Daily efficiency graph of solar panels, b) Solar panels created using EPO-TEK H20E® Daily yield graph of the panels. 15 Figure 3: Graph of the overlap shear test results for the invention. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention relates to a water-based electrically conductive adhesive used for interconnection. This adhesive, especially based on the dispersion of silver particles (flakes, spherical, nanowires) in water. It has been optimized as a result of the studies conducted. These particles have 20 different morphologies. Advantages include superior stability, better particle packing, improved print quality, and post-curing adhesion. and improving electrical performance and targeting a wide range of application areas It is important from that point of view. Various dispersants are used to ensure a stable and homogeneous distribution of silver particles in water. Additives were used. Sedimentation 25 was performed to evaluate dispersion quality. tests, zeta potential measurements, rheology analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Analyses have been conducted. As a result of these studies, the tendency of the particles to collapse has been minimized. and a high-quality dispersion has been obtained. Suitable binding additives for bringing the adhesive to an ink / paste consistency. These binders have been used, particularly in screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, roll-to-roll printing, and 30 It has been selected to be suitable for printing techniques such as direct ink writing. 7 Rheological measurements were carried out to improve the usability of these techniques. In addition, the fluidity properties of the adhesive are optimized with the addition of a binder additive. It has been done. Determining the appropriate curing temperature and time for the additives added to the adhesive. Studies have been conducted for this purpose. These parametric studies aimed to improve the thermal properties of the adhesive. This has been done to optimize and ensure the best performance during implementation. within the scope, thermal gravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. methods have been used. The electrical conductivity of the developed products was measured using the four-point probe method. Rheological Products with optimized properties and adhesion characteristics, suitable for various printing systems. 10 Tested on PERC-type solar cells using the IV curve. Performance evaluations such as SunsVoc, Electroluminescence, and four-point probe measurement. The electrical properties of the invention are comparable to the commercially available EPO-TEK® H20E product. The results were compared. The findings suggest that efforts should be made to improve product features. This has made it possible. Table 1 shows the 15 applications of the invention and the commercial product (EPO-TEK® H20E product). Average SunsVoc measurement results for different solar cells are given. Voc (V) Jsc (mA / cm2) FF (%) Efficiency (%) Vmp (V) Jmp (mA / cm2) Invention 1.28 18.83 77.62 18.76 1.06 17.67 EPO-TEK® H20E 1.28 18.86 77.39 18.68 1.05 17.75 Table 1: 15 different solar cell models in which the invention and the EPO-TEK® H20E product were applied. Average SunsVoc measurement results. Of the 15 samples in which the invention and commercial product were applied, the cells with the highest yield were selected. The electroluminescence image is shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, the invention and the EPO-TEK® H20E product were also found in the four-point probe measurements performed. The volumetric electrical resistivity values ​​for a 25 μm film thickness are 3.75 x 10⁻⁶ ohm⁻cm, respectively. Measured as 421 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm. 25 In addition, solar panels using the invention and commercial product will be available from July 15th to August 15th. Field testing was conducted between 2024. The specified dates for these panels are shown in Figure 2. The graphs show the average daily yield within the specified range. 8 When the measurement results obtained from the solar cells are examined, it is seen that the invention has potential in the existing system. The product used was found to have performed quite similarly. Four-point probe. The measurements show that the invention has higher electrical performance compared to the product currently used in the system. It has been shown to have conductivity. The adhesive's composition includes silver-based components, dispersants, binders, 5 Adhesives, anti-drying agents, and anti-foaming agents have been used. This allows for application to different surfaces. A water-based conductive adhesive, applicable to various printing techniques, has been obtained. As mentioned above, the electrically conductive adhesive contains silver additive. or, as needed, silver-coated copper nanoparticles, dispersant additive, binder additive, adhesive additive, anti-drying additive, 10 It contains an anti-foaming additive. The silver dopant contains at least one of the following morphologies: spherical, flake, or nanowire. Global particle size range is 20 nm - 5 µm, constituting at least 20% of the composition by weight. The particles in the flake morphology have widths ranging from 500 nm to 70 µm and thicknesses of 10 nm. In the 200 nm range, it constitutes at least 20% of the composition by weight. Nanowire 15 The particles in its morphology have a wire diameter of 10-100 nm, a wire length of 5-200 µm, and the composition has the highest by weight. It constitutes less than 3%. This amount of nanowire addition allows for a low curing temperature. It is used to increase electrical conductivity. In addition to silver nanoparticles, silver-coated copper nanoparticles can also be added. This The additive can be used to increase conductivity and optimize costs. This 20 The particles have a spherical morphology. The copper core diameter ranges from 20 nm to 5 µm. While changing, the silver shell thickness can also be varied between 20 nm and 5 µm. The dispersing additive is the silver additive used in conductive adhesive, mixed with water. by distributing it homogeneously in the solvent, preventing precipitation and clumping. By providing this, it improves particle packing quality. The improved particle packing quality, 25 It reduces electrical resistance by decreasing pore size and distribution. Disintegrating additives: polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetrimonium bromide, sodium citrate, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, Triton™ series, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, N-methyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Pluronic® series, Polysorbate, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene alkyl ether, Igepal® series, sorbitan ester, Nonidet® series, 30 polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, Hydropalat® series, octylphenol ethoxylate, ethoxylated alcohol, 9 propylene oxide, polyoxyethylene ether, ethanolamine, N-heptanol, N-butanol, 1-pentanol, cyclohexanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, centrimonium chloride, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), gum arabic, sodium polyacrylate, tannic acid, citric acid, chitosan, ammonium hydroxide, Spredox® series or at least one of its derivatives It includes 5. In addition, modified organic polymers are used to increase dispersion stability. It can be added. The dispersing additive may constitute a maximum of 20% by weight of the composition. It constitutes. The binding additive dissolves in the water-based conductive adhesive, bonding the components together. 10 by enabling it to adhere or bind, resulting in a consistent, homogeneous and workable texture. It is a substance that enables this. This substance also affects shear thinning, viscosity, and flow. It also allows for the control of rheological properties such as the binding point. Additives: polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, xanthan gum, polyethylene glycol, sodium alginate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic It contains at least one of the following: acid, polypropylene glycol, chitosan, and its derivatives. 15 In addition to polymer resins, low molecular weight additives are used as binding admixtures. Mechanical strength can be increased by adding polyurethanes. (Binding additive) It contains a maximum of 20% of the composition by weight. The adhesive additive will be used as an interconnection within the water-based conductive adhesive. Module 20 ensures that the parts hold together and adhere firmly. It is a substance that ensures the preservation of its integrity. Adhesive additive composition by weight It contains a maximum of 20%. Adhesive additives for Acrylsol™ series, Acronal® series, Pliolite® series, DEGALAN® series, Encor® series, Darex® series, Epoxy Resin Rhoplex™ series, Primal™ series, Acryloid® series, polyvinyl acetate, Vinnapas® series, Plextol™ series, EcoVAE® series, 25 EASTAR™ series, Paraloid™ series, Lipaton™ series, EPI-REZ™ series, Joncryl® series, methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, N-butyl cyanoacrylate, 3- (Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate-ethylene, butyl acrylate, acrylic resin and Polyurethane resin contains at least one of the isophthalonic acid-based polymers and their derivatives. The drying inhibitor additive in water-based conductive adhesive improves drying rate and kinetics by 30 It is a substance that slows down the process, providing the operator with sufficient working time during the application. Drying-preventing additives: ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, at least one of the following: polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, butanediol, hexanediol and their derivatives It contains an anti-drying additive that constitutes a maximum of 10% by weight of the composition. It includes 5. Anti-foaming additive prevents foam formation in water-based conductive adhesives. This reduces electrical and thermal stress, thereby improving application and print quality. It improves the properties. Antifoaming additive polydimethyl siloxane, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, paraffin, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, colloidal Silica, silica gel, petroleum distillates, naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, Tween® series, Triton™ series, 10 Evonik Tego® series, BYK® Defoamer series, BASF Foamaster®, BASF Plurafac® series, DOW XIAMETER™ AFE-1520 Antifoam contains at least one perfluoroalkyl ether or its derivatives. It contains an anti-foaming additive which constitutes a maximum of 5% by weight of the composition. The adhesive, according to any composition of the previously specified ingredients, has a shear rate of 0.3 l / s at 20 °C. It has a viscosity between 0.01 and 1500 Pa·s, as measured at high speeds. This wide viscosity range is 15 The adhesive developed with this invention is adaptable to different application techniques and process requirements. This makes it possible to provide the desired result. The adjustable viscosity allows the product to be used in various inkjet printing applications. industrial printing including printing techniques such as screen printing, direct ink printing, and flexographic printing. increasing its usability in processes and achieving the desired performance during implementation. It allows for this. 20 Viscosity is a critical factor determining the fluidity and spreadability properties of an adhesive. This parameter affects adhesion to surfaces, flow control, and coating during application. This directly affects the quality. High-viscosity adhesives provide a thicker coating. It provides and fills the gaps between surfaces, ensuring a strong adhesion. Low viscosity adhesives, on the other hand, provide a thin and even coating, resulting in a more durable finish. Suitable for use with sensitive components. Therefore, the product has a wide range of viscosities. Its adjustable range makes it ideal for both delicate and demanding applications. Optimizing viscosity requires the correct use of binders, dispersants, and other additives. This is achieved through combinations of these. In this adhesive composition, factors affecting viscosity are present. The main components include polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, and polyacrylic acid 30 These additives include substances that improve the shear rate, viscosity, and other properties of the adhesive. 11 By controlling rheological properties such as the yield point, the desired fluidity can be achieved during application. It provides. Rheological measurements ensure that the viscosity remains within the optimal range for a specific application. These measurements have been carried out regularly for this purpose. These measurements are used to evaluate the product in various printing and coating techniques. This increases its usability, especially in printing methods such as screen printing, flexographic printing, and gravure printing. In these techniques, precise viscosity adjustment ensures a high-quality and homogeneous coating. It also provides applications requiring low viscosity, such as roll-to-roll printing and direct ink. It also offers suitable fluidity in applications such as printing. In addition, the viscosity has been optimized to remain stable throughout the curing process. Controlling the viscosity during curing ensures the adhesive spreads evenly. 10 and ensures proper curing. This prevents unwanted flow or even at high temperatures. Problems such as sagging are prevented. The viscosity of the adhesive affects the product. carefully designed to improve processability and ensure high performance in the end-use. It has been adjusted. Consequently, the viscosity of the water-based electrically conductive adhesive used in this invention is both 15 Flexible enough to meet a variety of application requirements, as well as offering superior rheological performance. It has been developed to offer this feature. This property allows the adhesive to be used in a wide range of industrial processes. This enables it to be used across a wide range of uses. The volumetric electrical resistivity value of the invention was measured as 3.75 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm. This value, It offers a significant advantage compared to existing water-based printing and coating materials. 20 Many water-based conductive adhesives found in the literature and on the market generally have lower purity levels. They have varying levels of conductivity. For example, some commercially available water-based conductors... The volumetric electrical resistivity values ​​of the inks range from 10⁻³ ohm-cm to 5.1 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm. It varies. In this context, the volumetric electrical output of 3.75 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm offered by the invention. Its resistivity value exhibits a remarkably high performance compared to similar products. 25 This electrical conductivity means that the invention not only enables efficient energy transmission, but also... It has also shown that it minimizes energy losses in electronic circuits over time. High Conductivity value is important, especially in electronic applications requiring high precision. It offers advantages. This includes solar panels, LED lighting systems, and flexible circuits. and among the circuit elements used in other advanced technology products, 30 are more powerful and reliable. A connection is being established. 12 Furthermore, this high electrical conductivity value allows the adhesive to be applied in thinner layers. This allows for its implementation. This results in both material savings and ease of assembly. It offers flexibility in the process. A thin and homogeneous coating provides a barrier between circuit elements. It supports faster and more efficient operation by speeding up signal transmission. This is what the invention is all about. especially in applications requiring fast response times and high-frequency processing 5 It makes its use possible. Optimizing electrical conductivity at this level also allows the adhesive to be used in different environments. This ensures stable performance under various conditions. The invention provides thermal stability and humidity control. Offering reliable electrical performance even under challenging conditions such as high resistance, it has a wide range of applications. This provides a range of results. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, this is demonstrated in both laboratory tests and in 10 This is an advantage that has been proven in real-world applications. As a result of the overlap shear test applied to the invention (Figure-3), the maximum tensile stress is 45 The value was determined to be in MPa. This result demonstrates the invention's operable under high voltages. It shows. The invention's volumetric electrical resistivity of 3.75 x 10⁻⁶ ohm-cm makes it superior to existing water-based printing 15 and places it in a leading position among coating materials. This feature is not only about energy It not only increases efficiency, but also ensures the long-term performance of electronic components. It also significantly increases its durability and reliability. Water-based electrically conductive adhesives are not only environmentally friendly, but also an alternative to traditional volatile adhesives. Less toxic and safer for occupational health compared to organic compound (VOC) based adhesives. These adhesives offer safe alternatives. They are used in the assembly of circuit boards and sensors. in connections, medical devices, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference. (RFI) protection applications, heat management, and flexible electronic components. It plays a critical role in integration. For example, a water-based electrically conductive adhesive. The formulation includes silver microflakes, polyacrylate binders, and environmentally friendly dispersion agents. 25 It may contain silver microflakes as a production method to ensure dispersion stability. mixing with binders and solvents, and then adjusting the components to the desired viscosity. processes such as adjusting the quantities to suit the printing technique This allows for the achievement of adhesive properties suitable for the application method. is being done. 30

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. It is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, characterized by having a minimum content of 20% by weight. It contains a certain percentage of silver additive.

2. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is as stated; silver additive must be at least 20% spherical particles by weight, and at least 20% flakes by weight. particle size and at least 3% by weight of at least one of the nanowire particle morphologies It includes.

3. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is as stated; The global particle size range is between 20 nm and 5 µm.

4. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, and its properties are as mentioned in 10. flake particle widths range from 500 nm to 70 µm and thicknesses from 10 nm to 200 µm. It should be in the nm range.

5. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is as stated; nanowire particles with a wire diameter in the range of 10-100 nm and a wire length of 5-200 µm It should be within the range of 15.

6. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive composition with the property of having a dispersing additive. It contains the substance.

7. According to claim 6, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The proportion of dispersing additive must be at least 20% by weight.

8. According to claim 7, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; the aforementioned 20 The dispersing additives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetrimonium. bromide, sodium citrate, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, N-methyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene alkyl ether, sorbitan ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, octylphenol ethoxylate, ethoxylated alcohol, propylene oxide, polyoxyethylene ether, 25 ethanolamine, N-heptanol, N-butanol, 1-pentanol, cyclohexanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1- propanol, centrimonium chloride, sodium salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene), gum arabic, tannic acid, citric acid, chitosan, ammonium It must contain at least one hydroxide or its derivatives.

9. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive composition with the following properties: binder 30 It contains additives.

10. According to claim 9, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The binding additive content must be at least 20% by weight. 14 11. According to claim 10, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The binding additives include polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Gum arabic, xanthan gum, polyethylene glycol, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene glycol, chitosan and their derivatives, at least It includes one. 5 12. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; adhesive. It contains additives.

13. According to claim 12, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The adhesive additive content must be at least 20% by weight.

14. According to claim 13, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; mentioned in 10 adhesive additives: methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, N-butyl cyanoacrylate, 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate-ethylene, butyl acrylate, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin and their derivatives, at least It involves one of them.

15. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; drying time 15 It contains a preventive additive.

16. According to claim 15, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The proportion of the drying-preventing additive must be at least 10% by weight.

17. According to claim 16, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The drying inhibitor additive consists of ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, 20 diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and their derivatives, at least It involves one of them.

18. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound with the property of being foam. It contains a preventative additive. 25 19. According to claim 18, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. The percentage of anti-foaming additive must be at least 5% by weight.

20. According to claim 19, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound, the property of which is; as mentioned above. anti-foaming additives: polydimethyl siloxane, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, paraffin, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, colloidal silica, silica gel, 30 Petroleum distillates must contain at least one of the following: naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, or their derivatives.

21. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound with the following properties: core diameter silver with a thickness ranging from nm to 5 µm and a silver shell thickness ranging from 20 nm to 5 µm. It contains coated copper nanoparticles.

22. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive composition with the property of; 0.3 at 20 °C. It has a viscosity between 0.01 and 1500 Pa·s at a shear rate of 1 / s.

23. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive compound with the following properties: 3.75x10⁻⁶ It has a volumetric electrical resistivity value of ohm-cm.

24. According to Claim 1, it is a water-based electrically conductive adhesive composition with a property of 45 MPa to 5 It should have a maximum tensile strength value up to that value. 15

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