GENERATING ENERGY AND FRESH WATER FROM SUNLIGHT USING PLANE MIRRORS

Abstract

The design aims to collect solar energy in a focal unit (5) with the help of multiple planar mirrors (1) mounted on a planar panel (2) and to collect light to the focal point, and to use this energy in various ways. In the example use, it is intended to obtain fresh water from seawater / polluted water and to produce the necessary electrical energy.In the Rankin cycle used for this purpose, the superheated steam obtained from the pressure vessel in the focal unit (5) is directed to a reciprocating steam engine (9) by adjusting the pressure with the pressure regulating valve (8), electrical energy is obtained from the steam engine (9) by mechanically driving the alternator (10), space heating is provided from here by means of a heat exchanger (11), the steam is converted to liquid phase in the condenser unit (12), and from there it is collected in the fresh water tank (16) by a condensate pump (13), and the coolant seawater or dirty water, which is heated in the heat exchanger (11), is pumped to the pressure vessel in the focal unit (5) to complete the cycle. However, the design can be adapted to suit more than one application area with unit changing apparatuses (14).

Description

1 TARIFF GENERATING ENERGY AND FRESH WATER FROM SUNLIGHT USING PLANE MIRRORS Technical Field to Which the Invention Belongs a) Using solar energy; heating water, generating electricity (with the help of PV panels), concave 5 Many applications, such as using mirrors to facilitate heat transfer, are used in industry. Similar practices are frequently observed, especially in regions with high sunshine hours. It is being made available in increasing numbers. b) Large-scale energy production, which inspired the invention in Spain as a solar tower. The facility is still generating energy. There are 10 similar known industrial applications. Energy production using concave mirrors is increasing quantitatively. c) Used in studies related to obtaining fresh water from seawater or polluted water. The method is reverse osmosis. Water produced using reverse osmosis technology is purified by a water purification device. In these models, the particles pass through filters with very fine pores under high pressure. These filters allow bacteria, dirt, sediment, or larger molecules to pass through. 15 It does not. However, this method requires constant filter changes, pumping, and sediment cleaning. These processes result in high operating costs. d) The invention uses solar radiation to irrigate seawater / wastewater / swamps / lakes, etc. Generating power from energy produced by evaporating water that is unsuitable for irrigation. and the fresh water obtained by condensing the steam, which is the output of the system, can be used. 20 Since it will be used for irrigation purposes, inventions in this field have been examined. State of the Art a) In countries with long hours of sunshine, the invention was inspired by mirror focusing and 25 By focusing sunlight, and using this energy at the focal point, different materials can be produced. Heating systems are used under the definition of heliostat. In these systems, planar and Fixed mirrors were used to heat a tower at the focal point. b) In systems that generate energy using dish-shaped focusing collectors, Due to their bowl shape, polished and pre-concave shaped reflectors 30 It was used, mostly powered by electricity, and operated at the Stirling engine focal point. production was targeted. c) The 10 MW Solar One and Solar Two heliostats in the Mojave Desert, USA. The projects have been implemented. In Spain, the 15 MW Solar Tres Power project is one example. The Tower project is one example of this. In the recent past, Spain has 11 MW and 20 MW 35 A company in our country has completed two solar energy towers of considerable size. with the high-performance parabolic type solar collectors it is developing superheated steam at a temperature of 180 °C and a pressure of 12 ATM is used as the heating fluid. used for generating electricity from steam obtained from a steam generator. This is happening. This system uses corrugated parabolic reflectors. 40 d) Dr. Emre from the Energy Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA. A group of scientists led by Gençer are using solar energy to power the sea. They developed a model for obtaining fresh water from water. However, the model created... It is not intended for personal or domestic use, but for large-scale applications. It is stated that "This type of system can meet the electricity and water needs of a small city by 45 2 "It can resolve it," they stated. The method used has not yet been the subject of an academic study. It has not acquired a commercial identity as such. e) The system developed by a team led by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Haolan Xu at the center, sitting on the surface of a water source and converting sunlight into heat converting energy to rapidly evaporate the top layer of the liquid, exactly 5 There is a highly efficient photothermal structure that focuses light onto the surface. Other Unlike the two-dimensional structures used by researchers, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Xu and The team developed a three-dimensional, wing-shaped, cooler-like evaporator. excess heat from the upper surfaces of the evaporator (i.e., the solar evaporation surface) by removing the heat and distributing it across the wing surface for water evaporation, thus the top 10 They stated that they reduced energy loss to zero by cooling the evaporation surface. This The refrigeration technique ensures that all surfaces of the evaporator are more than the surrounding water and air. by keeping it at a lower temperature, thus protecting it from the higher-energy external environment. The process transfers additional energy to the low-energy evaporator, amounting to 10 per square meter each day. He stated that it had become efficient enough to provide up to 20 liters of fresh water. But 15 Flat mirrors were not used in the heat collectors employed. Used for focusing... The method is not explicitly stated. The system generating its own electricity is also experimental. This has not been provided. f) "Linear Fresnel" is considered one of the closest works to the invention. It is observed that their reflectors (Meyers 2016) are also close to these qualities. 20 Meyers estimates the efficiency of the reflectors to be over 39%. g) Using this study, the study was conducted by Muhammed HATİPOĞLU (2019). The parabolic dish form was also used in the experimental research of the undergraduate thesis. However, this study aimed to produce hot water using a parabolic dish. Technical Problems That the Invention Aims to Solve a- “Corrugated parabolic” shaped solar collectors used for a similar purpose; Two By tracking the sun along the axis, continuously focusing the sun into the focal region. They concentrate it. The collected thermal energy is directed from the focusing area to a suitable working area. 30 It can be taken in with its fluid and sent into a thermodynamic circulation or to the focal area. It can be converted into electrical energy with the help of a mounted Stirling engine. In this way Commercial applications with operating power of 5-12 kW are available. b- Converting solar energy into electricity using a parabolic dish-Stirling combination Efficiency of around 30% has been achieved. However, the initial investment cost in these systems is 35%. It is known that the height is increased by the concave-shaped mirrors. Stainless steel properties. It is manufactured from this material. The reflective surfaces are maintained annually using specialized machines. and needs repair. c- Due to the high initial investment cost, farms, plantations, workshops, and housing complexes Sites and small-scale residential areas are almost nonexistent. 40 Since the difference between the initial investment cost and the amortization period is quite high, Its individual use has not been observed in our country. The structural size of the system is also... It also prevents its use on a micro-scale. d- The designed invention overcomes the elements described above that restrict its use at the micro level. improvement and in addition to this, waste from seas / lakes / swamps / 45 It also enables the production of fresh water from water sources. i) Instead of a parabolic or bowl shape in the designed system; a system that is easy to manufacture, each on a flat surface (board) that can be prepared on the floor; focused on a specific point. with multiple small, planar, and interchangeable mirrors mounted as a unit. It is used. 50 3 ii) In the designed system, the solar tracking system monitors the solar activity at all hours of the day. It is possible to absorb maximum energy. iii) With the designed system, a single unit can provide power in the range of 3-35 kW depending on the size. It is possible to produce electricity, hot water, steam, and fresh water. iv) The invention also enables the system to generate its own electricity, using the simplest steam generator. A Rankine machine (of open Rankine quality) is used. This reduces maintenance costs. It is decreasing significantly. v) From a minimum power requirement of 3 kW / hour to 35 kW / hour for one unit and one dwelling. up to power; electricity, hot water, steam, agricultural and utility water at all power levels and It is also possible to produce fresh water (by adding a simple water hardening device). 10 is happening. vi) Commercial scales can be achieved by connecting units in parallel with the system when necessary. electricity, hot water, steam and fresh water production (from polluted water and seawater) (by converting) it can be provided. vii) The initial investment cost is very low, and maintenance and upkeep costs are also significant. 15 It remains considerably low. Designed with a PV panel system of the same scale. According to the system, there is a 50% difference in favor of the invention, and this difference relates to hot water and... Fresh water can be obtained. viii) Changing the production quota and / or production output of commercial-scale systems It is not possible. With this feature provided by the invention, only 20 are needed when necessary. additional output changes such as steam, or electricity or fresh water production. This allows for both electricity generation and the production of fresh water; or It is possible to generate electricity while producing steam. ix) In addition, power options can be changed by connecting them in parallel. They are already in parallel. with the operating system, to desertifying regions; 25 from suitable sea coasts It is possible to provide irrigation and utility water as well as electricity on a commercial scale. Explanation of the Figures: FIGURE 1: Schematic of the rectangular panel with solar tracking unit, mirrors and focusing unit. It is the appearance. 30 FIGURE 2: Technical drawing of the power and / or fresh water production and condensate unit. FIGURE 3: Technical detail drawing of the steam cycle and the entire system. FIGURE 4: Front view of a planar mirror panel and plane mirrors. Explanation of the references in the figures: 35 1. Focused multiple planar (interchangeable) mirrors, 2. Planar mirror panel (mirror carrier), 3. Principle, 4. Solar tracking system (servo motor driven), 5. Focusing unit (pressure vessel), 40 6. Focusing unit support arms, 7. Pressure (steam) relief valve. 8. Pressure (steam) regulating valve, 9. Steam turbine / piston steam engine, 4 10. Alternator, 11. Heat exchanger, 12. Condenser, 13. Condensate pump, 14. Unit replacement tools, 5 15. Control valve, 16. Freshwater tank, 17. Liquid supply pump. 18. Inlet and outlet pipes for transferring pressurized liquids to a container. Description of the Invention: a) Mounted on the upper surface of the planar panel (2) on the base (3) and power 15 fixed and single-point focused planar structures whose numbers can be increased or decreased according to need. Flat mirrors (1) reflect sunlight by collecting it onto the focal unit (5). Mirrors (1) The energy reflected depends on the total surface area; all together in the focusing unit. (pressure vessel) (5) is collected. The system is assembled with a solar tracking system and servo motors. (4) It is designed to follow the movement of the sun. b) The energy gathered at the focus (5) is attached to the carrier arms (6) of the focus unit and 20 as needed According to; the desired temperature can be achieved with liquid inlet and outlet pipes (18) which can be changed according to different liquids. The flow is ensured in accordance with its value. Thus, heat transfer oils or This heat, combined with the properties of liquids, can be used for various purposes. c) If used as a steam cycle, water from the sea / lake / swamp / dirty water Drawn from the ponds by the liquid feed pump (17) and put into the cycle, thus focusing 25 The water pumped into the pressurized container (5) in the unit; its temperature and temperature are adjusted by the pressure adjustment valve (8). It is converted into superheated steam with adjustable pressure. From there, a steam is directed to the turbine / piston steam engine (9) and converted into mechanical energy. It can be converted and used as electrical energy via an alternator (10). d) If the output of the invention is steam, it is used with a “Closed Rankine” cycle, a heat exchanger (11) 30 It can also be used for space heating. The steam used in the cycle, From here it comes to the condenser (12) and is condensed into hot water. By means of the pressurized condensate pump (13) the pressurized condensate located in the focusing unit (5) the pressure is returned by means of the control valve (15) is prevented. 35 e) In the use of a reciprocating steam engine (9), the work is done thanks to the "Open Rankine" cycle. At the end of the cycle, the condensate pump flows from the outlet of the condenser (12) to the fresh water tank (16). (13) by transferring; fresh water and / or hot water and steam are obtained. f) Pressure relief valve (7) located in the pressure vessel (focus unit) (5), operation This ensures that the pressure remains within safe limits. This mechanical energy, 40 when needed, different mechanical power via compressor, pump or piston It can be converted. For this purpose, there are unit changing devices (14). g) Unit changing devices (14) are manufactured as special equipment for each system. is being done. 45 How the invention can be applied to industry: 1- Design energy, pressurized steam, hot water, fresh water and focused high heat. They are designed for multiple uses, to be used as generators. 2- Focused thermal energy is generated by means of a steam turbine / machine (9) by producing steam. electrical energy can be obtained. 3- Obtaining mechanical energy through pressurized steam production and all kinds of pumps, 5 It is possible to drive compressors or hydraulic mechanisms. 4- When used only in steam production, the desired temperature and pressure values ​​are: The flow rate of the condensate pump (13) and the pressure can be regulated by the adjustment valve (8). 5- When used for off-grid electricity generation, it is a closed Rankine cycle. It is established and the Open Rankine cycle is used as the basis in the example images. 10 6- The thermal energy collected in the focusing unit (6) is transferred to the focusing unit carrier arms (6) thanks to the unit change devices (14) found; purely focused sunlight It can also be directed in this way. In this way, processes such as melting or heating can be performed. It can be used in various processes. The apparatus made for this purpose is another It has been considered as a patent issue. 15 7- If the invention is used in the production of fresh water and electrical energy, open With the Rankine cycle; additionally, with the use of batteries and chargers, Uninterrupted energy supply is available, while fresh water production is provided throughout the day. and can be stored. 8- The invention can be used as an industrial oven. For this purpose, the focal unit has 20 (5) instead of the pressure vessel located there; focused / angleable and high temperature a separate device capable of operating at its value, with a reflection rate above 89% It is used. This apparatus is the subject of a separate patent, as stated in Article 6. It has been considered as such.

Claims

6 REQUESTS 1) The invention reflects sunlight onto a planar panel (2) using planar and multiple mirrors (1) Focusing with the help of solar tracking system motors (4) that can track the movement of the sun and the energy collected in the focus unit (5) can be converted in different ways with the unit changing devices (14). It is a device suitable for use; the solar rays focus through the pressurized vessel (5) in the focusing unit. It has the property of heating and vaporizing the liquid passing through it. 2) A device like the one in Claim 1, with unit changing apparatus (14) for liquid evaporation. Focus unit pressure vessel (5), pressure safety apparatus suitable for steam cycle with its feature valve (7), piston steam engine / steam turbine (9), alternator (10), heat exchanger (11), condenser It can be equipped with a pump (12), control valve (15) and thus electric 10 its ability to produce. 3) A device as in Claim 1 and equipped as in Claim 3; with a pressure regulating valve (8) and with the flow rate of the condenser pump (13), it ensures the production of steam at the desired pressure and flow rate. It is the fact that. 4) A device like those in claims 1, 2 and 3; with the same steam flow rate to the condenser pump (13) 15 In addition to providing power generation by condensing the water in the heat exchanger (12) without taking it out; marine using unusable water such as wastewater / lakes / swamps after condensation and its ability to provide fresh water for irrigation purposes.