PROTECTION AND DETECTION SYSTEM AGAINST NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR BREAKS IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Abstract

This invention is for measuring the neutral current at each branch entry point in electrical distribution systems, especially in urban networks. It relates to a protection and detection system against neutral conductor breaks in the available distribution network, and its feature is; the output of the network. The transformer (1), which is the starting point, the winding (2) consisting of 3 phase electrical conductors and neutral conductors, protects the electrical circuits from overloads, short circuits. A thermal magnetic circuit breaker (3) is designed to protect the neutral current and the mains from faults in the circuits and other electrical faults. from control devices (4) that measure the voltage and control devices (4) that detect breaks in the neutral line. It has a main controller (5) that processes the data and transmits the power-off command to the thermal magnetic switch (3).

Description

1 TARIFF PROTECTION AGAINST NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR BREAKS IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND DETECTION SYSTEM Technological Field: This invention applies to electricity distribution systems, especially city networks, at each branch entrance. neutral current in the distribution network that can be used to measure the neutral current at that point. It relates to the protection and detection system against conductor breaks. 10 State of the Art: Today, detecting and responding to faults occurring in electrical grids. There are various devices and systems for detecting neutral disconnections. These systems can detect neutral disconnections. in terms of quickly and accurately detecting and protecting the network in case of a malfunction. This may be insufficient. Most of these products are typically low in voltage or current, usually in a single phase. Because it relies on monitoring changes, breaks occurring in the neutral line It cannot detect them directly. Phase-focused tracking is weak in detecting neutral breaks. It can remain because neutral breaks are not specific to a particular phase but can occur throughout the entire system. They can create imbalances, and these products cannot detect such disruptions, even indirectly. Additionally, some current products have a slow response time; after detecting the fault, the voltage... the level returning to a specific value or the completion of other measurement cycles This is to be expected. These delays may occur in neutral wire interruption situations requiring immediate intervention. This can cause damage to devices and prolong the power outage. Another 25 The problem is that the systems don't provide clear information about the location of the disconnection, preventing field teams from investigating the fault. This can prolong response time and increase operational costs. Patent application number US11199567B2 describes "A Single Phase of an Electrical Network". The "Method for Detecting Voltage Sag" is described. The invention is phase 30. The method for detecting a drop in voltage involves the following steps: Above a switching element and at regular intervals, the phase voltage and a phase 2 Measurement of the phase current flowing through a conductor; phase voltage is a predetermined voltage. When the threshold is dropped below, the switching element opens; the switching element After switching on, the phase voltage is a normal voltage defined according to the phase current. If it returns to that value, it indicates a fault has been detected in the electricity meter, and a warning message will be displayed. creation and keeping the switching element open; switching element 5 If, after switching on, the phase voltage remains below a predetermined voltage threshold, Detection of a drop in phase voltage, generation of a warning message, and switching. Shutting down the element. The invention described above detects drops in phase voltage and signals a fault condition in 10 seconds. To determine this, it focuses on measuring the phase current and phase voltage at regular intervals; However, since this method can only detect voltage drops in a single phase, it is neutral. It cannot offer an effective solution against potential breaks in the pipeline. Furthermore, this... In this method, after a voltage drop is detected, the voltage is checked to identify the fault. The level is expected to return to normal values, which is why emergency situations like breaks in the neutral line are not a concern. It can lead to a slower response in situations requiring intervention. Patent application number EP0999633A2 describes a "Ground Fault Detection System for Electrical Grids". "Protection" is described. The invention involves re-igniting an electrical network using grounding. It is a method and system to protect against malfunctions. This electrical network is a 20 It contains one or more feeders exiting from the feeding point, and preferably a three-phase system. It is a network; the method involves the following steps: a ground fault in the electrical network. Identifying a relevant ground contact, where ground contact has occurred. current pulses of the feeder or current pulses and voltage related to ground contact Determining the current value through its values, the instantaneous value of the current, the current's 25 A current pulse occurs when the current exceeds a predetermined limit, calculated by dividing the effective value by its value. This is interpreted as the number of soil contacts identified for each nutrient. calculation and the number of soil contacts identified per nutrient in question exceeding a predetermined number within a predetermined period or promise The issue is that the number of soil contacts identified per feeder exceeds a certain limit. 30 In this case, a re-ignition ground fault is determined on the feeder. When the grid voltage remains above a predetermined value, the electrical grid... 3 The voltage between the star point and ground, i.e., zero voltage, is a predetermined voltage. It remains above the border. The invention described above is for detecting ground faults in the electrical grid. It has been developed and detects ground faults by comparing the phase current with its effective value. This 5 The method provides protection against reignited ground faults, especially neutral. It does not cover problems on the neutral line because it does not offer a specific solution for their breaks. In conclusion, a new one that can overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. Technology is needed. 10 Description of the invention: This invention is a distribution network that can overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. It is a neutral conductor break protection and detection system, and its feature is; control device 15 Locating the main controller, quickly detecting faults and disconnections, The power outage should be done quickly and accurately, and the fault should be identified promptly. The advantage is that it prevents damage caused by malfunctions and keeps costs low. This invention improves safety, speed and cost effectiveness in electricity distribution networks. It offers significant improvements in these areas. Integrated neutral current and voltage monitoring. Thanks to this system, breaks that may occur in the neutral line are detected in a very short time, such as 150 ms. The device is detected and the power is cut off. This rapid response time is especially important for neutral disconnections. by preventing device damage caused by this, both the infrastructure and the connected devices are protected. It increases security. 25 This invention also reduces communication costs by using IoT-based communication modules. a system that reduces and enables the instantaneous transmission of faults over a wireless network in the field. This structure allows field teams to quickly identify power outage points. It minimizes intervention time. At the same time, it precisely detects neutral disconnections. Detecting the problem safely without damaging the installation and equipment before the power is cut off. This enables intervention. These advantages include low-cost IoT communication and rapid response. 4 This capability is achieved through a combination of neutral current and voltage monitoring technology. The invention makes a significant contribution to improving customer satisfaction and network security. This ensures both the long-term use of the infrastructure and... Field teams can quickly identify the points of rupture and effectively address the fault. It can intervene. These advantages include the modules' high precision neutral current and 5 This is due to its ability to monitor the mains voltage. Explaining the Figures: The invention will be described by referring to the attached figures, so that the features of the invention are outlined in 10 It will be understood and appreciated more clearly, but the purpose of this invention is this obvious It is not about limiting it with regulations. On the contrary, the invention is defined by the accompanying claims. all alternatives, modifications, and options that could be included within the defined area The aim is to cover their equivalences. The details shown are only for the present invention. It was shown to illustrate the preferred arrangements and both methods are 15 shaping, as well as the rules and conceptual features of the invention, in the most useful way. It should be understood that they are presented to provide a readily understandable definition. This in the drawings; Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the product subject to the invention. 20 Illustrations that will help understand this invention are shown in the attached image. They are numbered and their names are given below. References Explanation: 25 1. Transformer 2. Bandage 3. Thermal Magnetic Circuit Breaker 4. Control Devices 30 5. Main Controller Detailed Description of the Invention: The components that make up the invention are basically: transformer (1), winding (2), thermal magnetic switch (3), These are control devices (4) and main controller (5). This invention can detect breaks in electrical distribution networks, especially in the neutral line. It is an integrated protection system designed to detect and respond to quickly. The transformer (1) located at the outlet of the network and the three-phase electrical conductor connected to it. The neutral conductor winding (2) forms the main structure of the distribution line. This winding (2) is the neutral The line is continuously monitored for potential breaks and electrical anomalies. 10 To increase system safety and prevent device failures, in electrical circuits A thermal magnetic field protector that provides protection against overload, short circuits, and other faults. Switch (3) is used. This switch (3) is used in case of any breakage or abnormality. It protects the distribution line by quickly cutting off the power. Control devices (4), by constantly monitoring the neutral current and the mains voltage, any break in the neutral line 15 or notifies the main controller (5) when there is an anomaly. Neutral current 0 and A disconnection is detected when the voltage drops below 5V. The main controller (5) analyzes this data. by transmitting the energy cut-off command to the thermal magnetic switch (3), thus the potential It prevents damage. In addition, the system locates faults and disconnections using IoT technology. It transmits the information to the main controller (5) via communication modules. In this way, field teams can detect the fault within 20 days. It can quickly identify the point where it occurred and shorten the intervention time. This structure is neutral. by quickly detecting breaks and cutting off power within 150 ms, the grid It also offers an important protection mechanism for IoT-based devices. an effective communication system between field teams and main controller (5) Communication is established. 25

Claims

6 REQUESTS 1- The invention relates to a protection and detection system against neutral conductor breaks in a distribution network. related to; its characteristic is; - transformer (1), which is the exit point of the network, 5 - Winding consisting of 3-phase electrical conductors and a neutral conductor (2), - protecting electrical circuits from overloads, short circuits, and other electrical hazards. a thermal magnetic circuit breaker (3) designed to protect against malfunctions, - Control devices that measure neutral current and mains voltage (4) and 10 - data from control devices (4) that detect breaks in the neutral line the main switch that transmits the energy cut-off command to the thermal magnetic switch (3) by processing It has a controller (5). 2- Protection against neutral conductor breaks in the distribution network mentioned in Claim 1 and 15 It is a detection system, its feature is to report faults and disconnections to the main controller (5) and the field team via IoT. having control devices (4) that report via communication modules It is the characterization of the situation. 25

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