DIRECT AND INDIRECT HEATED, CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING VERTICAL SYSTEM PYROLYSIS FURNACE.

Abstract

This invention relates to a vertical, continuously operating pyrolysis furnace with direct and indirect heating, designed for the processing of biomass by pyrolysis. The invention is particularly used in the process of processing biomass waste (e.g., agricultural waste, wood, organic by-products) in an anaerobic environment at high temperatures to convert it into biochar, tar, wood vinegar, and gas products. In the long term, it offers sustainable energy solutions as a carbon-neutral "green energy" source.

Description

1 TARIFF DIRECT AND INDIRECT HEATED, CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING VERTICAL SYSTEM. SYSTEM PYROLYSIS FURNACE Technical Area This invention is a direct 5-phase system designed for processing biomass by pyrolysis. and relates to a vertical system pyrolysis furnace that operates continuously with indirect heating. The invention is particularly relevant for the use of biomass waste (e.g., agricultural waste, wood, organic by-products). (products) are processed in an oxygen-free environment at high temperatures to produce biochar, tar, and wood. It is used in the process of converting it into vinegar and gas products. In the long term... sustainable energy solutions as a carbon-neutral “green energy” source 10 It offers. Previous Technique Prior to the invention, pyrolysis furnaces were used for direct and indirect heating. It operates using two main methods: heating. In direct heating systems, heat is supplied directly into the reactor. Direct 15 Although energy efficiency is high in heating systems, this method uses gas. It compromises the purity of the product. Therefore, the quality of the resulting pyrolytic gas is affected. It is falling. In indirect heating systems, the reactor is heated from the outside. This allows the gas to be heated externally. The product is obtained in a purer state. However, due to the indirect transfer of heat, the energy is 20. The efficiency is low and the process becomes more costly. In existing systems, heat distribution is not homogeneous. The function of pyrolysis furnaces. From this perspective, ovens use either direct heating or indirect heating methods. 2 It operates using this method. The product, which has a hybrid heating technology, is on the market. It is not available. In addition, many pyrolysis furnaces operate on a fill-and-empty principle. Biomass, The biomass is loaded into the furnace in batches and unloaded after the process is complete. Because it is processed in batches, the capacity remains limited; energy losses occur and 5 The need for uninterrupted production is not being met. Furthermore, the heat is not being retained inside the reactor. The lack of homogeneous distribution prevents the complete conversion of biomass. This also... This leads to variability in the quality of biochar, tar, wood vinegar, and gas products. It opens. For all these reasons, eliminating these problems in current techniques is 10 For this purpose, it combines direct and indirect heating, operates continuously, and saves energy. a vertical system that can simultaneously ensure both efficiency and the purity of the gas product The need to construct a pyrolysis furnace arose. Purposes of the Invention The aim of this invention is to create a continuously operating system that combines direct and indirect heating, and is suitable for 15 a vertical system that can simultaneously provide both energy efficiency and the purity of the gas product. The system involves the construction of a pyrolysis furnace. Thanks to the vertical design of the furnace, the biomass flows downwards homogeneously. As it progresses, a more even distribution of heat to every point is ensured. Thus Biomass is being fully converted; the resulting biochar, tar, wood vinegar and 20 Quality consistency is maintained in pyrolytic gas products. Furthermore, the uninterrupted operation of the system eliminates the problems that arise in fill-and-empty methods. It eliminates capacity losses and energy waste. Thus, industrial This provides a more efficient, sustainable, and economical solution on a larger scale. 3 Detailed Description of the Invention This invention is designed to achieve its purpose by attaching a vertical oven. It has been shown. This shape; Figure 1: Exploded schematic view of the vertical furnace, the subject of the invention. 5 The parts shown in the figure are individually numbered, and the corresponding numbers correspond to these numbers. It is given below. 1. Reactor 2. Conical bottom silo assembly 2.1. Hot air lock 10 2.2. Reduction 2.3. Conical bottom silo lower body 2.4. Conical bottom silo upper body 2.5. Manhole cover 2.6. Nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen inlet 15 3. Reaction silo complete 3.1. Reaction silo body 3.2. SiC resistance sleeve 3.3. SiC resistance plug 3.4. SiC resistor 20 3.5. SiC fasteners 4. Upper silo complete 4.1. Upper silo body 4.2. Level indicator 4.3. Top silo cover 25 4.4. Top silo airlock 4 4.5. Top silo biomass loading hopper 4.6. Pressure relief cap 4.7. Singaz outlet pipe 5. Right and left oven bodies 5.1. F-type resistance carrier 5 5.2. Corrugated wire resistor 5.3. Electrical junction boxes 6. Pyrolysis furnace chassis assembly 7. Power and control panel and electrical connectors. 8. Screw biomass loading hopper 10 9. Horizontal loading screw conveyor 10. Vertical loading screw conveyor 11. U-type screw conveyor 12. Biochar transport cart The invention combines direct and indirect heating, operates continuously, and saves energy. a vertical system that can simultaneously ensure both efficiency and the purity of the gas product It is a pyrolysis furnace, - The upper silo complete (4) where the biomass is fed into the furnace, - The direct and under the upper silo assembly (4) where the pyrolysis process takes place reaction silo assembly (3), 20 where indirect heating is performed - The reaction silo complex (3) is located below and is formed after pyrolysis. Conical bottom silo assembly where biochar is collected and discharged in a controlled manner. (2), - Surrounding the reaction silo assembly (3) and forming the main body of the furnace, Thermal insulation materials for conditions requiring high temperature and mechanical resistance 25 It consists of two parts that ensure the safe and continuous operation of the system. right and left oven bodies designed (5), - The main support structure that carries the entire weight of the furnace and on which all components rest. It includes a reactor (1) which contains a pyrolysis furnace chassis assembly (6) to which it is fixed. The subject of the invention is a vertical pyrolysis furnace, and all the electrical systems of the furnace... the power and control panel and electrical connections where it is managed and controlled It includes elements (7). Power and control panel and electrical connection 5 elements (7), power supply of resistors, motors and conveyors It provides and regulates the temperature values ​​of the heating process. Electrical connectors. Thanks to this, currents are distributed safely and the system operates continuously and stably. This makes maintenance possible. Furthermore, it offers ease of intervention in case of malfunctions. and increases operational safety. 10 The invention concerns a vertical pyrolysis furnace that transfers biomass to a horizontal screw conveyor. Screw-type biomass loaders ensure regular and controlled loading of the biomass. It contains a funnel (8). The invention concerns a vertical pyrolysis furnace that transports raw materials in a horizontal plane. 15 It includes a horizontal loading screw (9) which performs the operation. The invention is a vertical pyrolysis furnace that feeds biomass into the upper silo loading hopper. enabling the material to be transported vertically, thereby counteracting gravity. automatic feeding and ensuring that a balanced and continuous supply is delivered to the reactor. Vertical loading 20, which supports the uninterrupted operation of the system thanks to the drainage system. It includes the helix (10). The subject of this invention is a vertical pyrolysis furnace that processes the biochar formed after the pyrolysis process. U enables the transfer of biochar from the hot airlock to the biochar transport cart. It includes a type screw conveyor (11). The U-type screw conveyor (11) is stainless steel. It is manufactured from a material that allows it to withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments. 25 6 It is durable. Thanks to automatic feeding and draining, the system operates without interruption. It provides support. The subject of this invention is a vertical pyrolysis furnace that produces pyrolysis products from a conical bottom silo. The biochar, which is transported by a U-shaped screw conveyor, is collected safely and It includes a biochar transport cart (12) that enables its transfer. In this way, 5 Biochar, after exiting the conveyor, can be taken directly to the storage area or to the next stage. They are easily transferred to processing lines. The subject of the invention is the conical bottom silo assembly (2) in the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, process a hot air current that prevents air from entering the reactor from the outside environment during this period It includes a lock (2.1). Thus, the anaerobic environment of the reactor is preserved and pyrolysis 10 The reaction takes place safely. The substances formed during pyrolysis are stored in the conical bottom silo. It enables the collected biomass to be transported to the U-shaped helix. Continuous. It is one of the critical elements that makes the working system possible. The subject of the invention is the conical bottom silo assembly (2) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, the material 15 Regulating the downstream flow, directing the biochar into the hot air lock. It includes reduction (2.2) which provides. The subject of the invention is a conical bottom silo assembly (2) for vertical system pyrolysis furnace, biochar conical bottom silo body where the product accumulates and is ready for discharge (2.3) is included. The subject of the invention is a conical bottom silo assembly (2) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace with reactor 20 the conical connection that enables the transfer of products to the conical bottom silo. The lower silo includes the upper body (2.4). The subject of the invention is the conical bottom silo assembly (2) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace. Access to the reactor and conical bottom silo sections for maintenance and cleaning operations. Includes manhole cover (2.5) providing 25 7 The subject of the invention is the conical bottom silo assembly (2), reactor and silo in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace. Nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen inlet (2.6) that enables the supply of nitrogen gas to the region when needed. This eliminates the possibility of oxygen leakage and ensures the process is successful. Anaerobic conditions are ensured. Anaerobic environment throughout the pyrolysis process. By ensuring the continuity of these conditions, it improves product quality and safety. 5 The subject of the invention is the reaction silo assembly (3) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis process. reaction silo, which forms a structure resistant to the high temperature and pressure required. It includes a housing (3.1). Its specially designed geometry and SiC resistor The positioning of the casings ensures a regular flow of biomass. It traps heat and ensures homogeneous heat distribution within the reactor. 10 The subject of the invention is the reaction silo assembly (3) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace, SiC SiC resistors provide protection against mechanical and thermal effects. It includes a casing (3.2). It is specially fitted inside the reaction silo body. Thanks to their integrated designs, heat is distributed homogeneously within the reactor. It contributes. Thus, the pyrolysis reaction is distributed evenly across the entire biomass. This happens and product quality becomes consistent. The subject of the invention is the reaction silo assembly (3) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace, SiC The resistors must be fixed to the reaction silo body and in the correct position. It contains a SiC resistance plug (3.3) which ensures that the resistors are held in place. In addition, the resistors By sealing the gaps around it, it prevents heat loss and the entry of external elements. This 20 This ensures that the resistors operate safely and that heat is distributed evenly within the reactor. This facilitates the process and maintains the continuity of the pyrolysis reaction. The subject of the invention is the reaction silo assembly (3) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis SiC resistor (3.4) which provides the necessary temperature for the reaction to take place It contains silicon carbide (SiC) structure, high thermal conductivity, and a long lifespan of 25... It offers a long lifespan and durability. By creating a homogeneous heat distribution within the reactor. It enables the complete conversion of biomass. 8 The subject of the invention is the reaction silo assembly (3) in a vertical system pyrolysis furnace, two different It includes SiC connectors (3.5) consisting of parts. The first part is high electrical components of SiC resistors, including temperature-resistant stainless steel terminals. It ensures a secure connection between the SiC resistance and the stainless steel terminal block. The flexible connectors positioned in the system tolerate thermal expansion, thus maintaining electrical efficiency. It guarantees the continuity of contact. Thus, the resistors are safe and have a long lifespan. and uninterrupted operation is supported. The subject of the invention is the upper silo assembly (4) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, biomass upper silo body (4.1) where it is stored and fed before being transferred to the reactor It includes. Thanks to the utilization of the heat rising from the reactor here, 10 The biomass is partially pre-dried. This feature provides energy savings. and also ensures that the raw material entering the reactor is pyrolyzed more efficiently and homogeneously. It contributes to its entry. The subject of the invention is the vertical system pyrolysis furnace upper silo assembly (4), located in the upper silo. Level indicator (4.2) 15 which continuously monitors and controls the biomass amount It includes this. In this way, the material level is kept within certain limits. This ensures a continuous and balanced supply to the furnace. This feature of the system innovative elements that enable continuous operation capability This is one of them. Thus, capacity and energy losses occur in fill-and-empty type systems. This prevents problems, increases production continuity and efficiency. 20 The subject of the invention is the upper silo assembly (4) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, raw material Top silo cover (4.3) which provides leak-proof and secure closure during loading. It includes. The subject of the invention is the upper silo assembly (4) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, fed into the upper silo. The top 25 prevents the entry of outside air during the transfer of biomass to the reactor. The silo contains an airlock (4.4). This allows the reactor to operate in an airless environment. Conditions are maintained and the risk of combustion / explosion is eliminated. A standard component. 9 However, there are important factors supporting the continuous operation feature of the invention. It is one of the elements. The subject of the invention is the upper silo assembly (4) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, the upper part of the raw material. Top silo biomass loading hopper (4.5) which facilitates directing into the silo. It includes 5. The subject of the invention is the upper silo assembly (4) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis process. releasing excess pressure that may build up in the system in a controlled manner. It includes a pressure relief cover (4.6). Thus, the reactor's airless environment While being protected, the risk of explosion and equipment damage is prevented. The subject of the invention is the vertical system pyrolysis furnace upper silo assembly (4), pyrolysis in the reactor 10 It allows the pyrolytic gas produced during the process to be released in a controlled manner. It includes a syngas outlet pipe (4.7). Thanks to its 6” diameter and design, the gas It ensures a steady flow of gas from the reactor. This pipe facilitates the cooling and cleaning of the gas. or facilitates the channeling of energy to production lines. Thus, the system The pyrolytic gas produced during continuous operation is stored safely and without loss. 15 assessable. The subject of the invention is the right and left furnace bodies (5) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, furnace body The N80 wire resistors positioned inside must be insulated with the bricks in the correct position. It contains an F-type resistance carrier (5.1) which enables it to be fixed on. Indirect It is one of the basic components of the heating system. The resistors must be 20 cm in size to fit the housing. by ensuring that the heat is evenly distributed to the reactor. It contributes to its transfer. The subject of the invention is the right and left furnace bodies (5) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, furnace body the main component of the indirect heating system, which is placed inside with a homogeneous distribution. It contains a corrugated wire resistor (5.2). Thanks to its corrugated form, the surface is 25 The area and usage time have been increased; heat is distributed over a larger surface area. This design prevents localized overheating seen in classical systems while protecting the reactor body. It ensures homogeneous heat distribution and maintains consistent product quality. It contributes. The invention concerns the right and left furnace bodies (5) of the vertical system pyrolysis furnace, the furnace 5 safe connection points for resistors and other electrical equipment It includes electrical junction boxes (5.3) that form the electrical currents. It ensures the distribution of electrical components and protects them in high-temperature environments. By making this possible, it contributes to the secure and continuous operation of the system. Furthermore, It enables maintenance and inspection procedures to be carried out quickly. The reactor (1) is where biomass is pyrolyzed in an anaerobic environment at high temperature. It is the main unit. The separation of solid, liquid, and gaseous products takes place here. The reactor... design directly contributes to the continuity of both product quality and energy efficiency. It contributes. The conical bottom silo assembly (2) is where the biochar produced after pyrolysis is collected and This is the section where material is discharged in a controlled manner. Thanks to its conical structure, the material flow is 15 It becomes easier, product output becomes uninterrupted, and the anaerobic environment inside the reactor is eliminated. It is protected. Although the conical bottom silo is a known design, it is not included within the scope of this invention. Pyrolysis is achieved by integrating a hot air lock, nitrogen inlet, and screw conveyors. It has provided the process with the ability to operate without interruption. Reaction silo complete (3), Direct and indirect 20 where the pyrolysis process takes place. It is the main component where heating takes place; heating of biomass and decomposition of products. It happens in the episode. The upper silo assembly (4) is where the biomass is fed into the furnace and controlled entry into the reactor. It is the section he created. The right and left furnace bodies (5) form the main body of the furnace. High temperature and 25 In conditions requiring mechanical strength, the system is protected by thermal insulation materials. 11 It ensures safe and continuous operation. The body is designed in two parts. This Thanks to its special design, maintenance and repairs can be carried out quickly, especially on resistors. Easy access is made possible. This design significantly reduces maintenance time and It prevents production losses. The invention is applicable to both industry and agriculture. In industry, pyrolytic 5 Gas (syngas) can be used as an energy source; it is obtained through the activation of biochar. The activated carbon produced can be used in water, air, and industrial wastewater treatment plants. In addition, by-products such as tar and wood vinegar are used in the chemical industry for various derivatives. It can be used in production. In the agricultural sector, biochar acts as a soil conditioner, increasing soil fertility by 10%. increasing, improving water retention capacity and achieving carbon neutrality in the long term. It offers a solution. Biochar in accordance with food safety conditions. It can also be used as a feed additive in the livestock sector. Wood vinegar, on the other hand... It can be applied as a natural pesticide and soil conditioner in organic farming. The benefits obtained from the invention are listed below. “Direct and Indirect Heating 15 With the "Continuously Operating Vertical System Pyrolysis Furnace"; 1. Energy efficiency and gas product purity are offered together. The high energy efficiency of direct heating method and indirect heating method It combines the advantages of high gas purity in a single system. Thus, it saves both energy. This results in both cost savings and the production of high-quality pyrolytic gas. 20 2. It has the capacity for continuous operation. Capacity limitations and energy losses that occur in fill-and-empty type systems. is eliminated. High production on an industrial scale thanks to continuous supply. Capacity and continuity are ensured. 12 3. Homogeneous heat distribution and product quality are ensured. The vertical system design ensures a balanced downward movement of biomass. This This allows for the even distribution of heat to every point and the complete conversion of biomass. It gives. As a result, biochar, tar, wood vinegar and pyrolytic gas products have 5 Consistent quality is achieved. 4. The product has versatile uses. • Biochar → energy source, soil conditioner, animal feed additive, active ingredient Raw material for carbon production. • Tar and wood vinegar → raw materials in the chemical industry. 10 • Pyrolytic gas → energy source or process gas. Thus, the invention has implications not only for the energy sector but also for the agricultural and chemical industries. It adds value. 5. It creates a positive impact in terms of environmental benefits and sustainability. Recycling waste biomass reduces the environmental burden and produces carbon neutral products. By obtaining this information, climate-friendly solutions are developed. This feature is important for both environmental policies. It is also critically important in terms of international green transition goals. Thanks to these advantages, the invention is suitable for industries seeking to reduce energy costs. businesses, chemical companies seeking sustainable raw materials, increasing efficiency agricultural producers who want to reduce their environmental impact and public / private partnerships aiming to do so It provides direct benefits for industry organizations.

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. The invention combines direct and indirect heating, operates continuously, and saves energy. a vertical system that can simultaneously ensure both efficiency and the purity of the gas product. The system is a pyrolysis furnace, and its characteristic feature is... - The upper silo complete (4), 5 where the biomass is fed into the furnace - Located under the upper silo assembly (4) where the pyrolysis process takes place. reaction silo complex where direct and indirect heating is done (3), - The reaction silo complex (3) is located below and is formed after pyrolysis. Conical bottom silo where biochar is collected and discharged in a controlled manner. complete (2), 10 - The reaction silo complex (3) surrounds the main body of the furnace. heat generated under conditions requiring high temperature and mechanical strength. Thanks to insulation materials, the system operates safely and continuously. right and left oven bodies (5), designed in two parts, providing - The main support structure that carries the entire weight of the furnace and is 15 of all components. a reactor (1) containing a pyrolysis furnace chassis assembly (6) on which it is fixed. It includes.

2. A vertical system pyrolysis furnace as in Claim 1, the characteristic of which is that the entire furnace power and control, where electrical systems are managed and controlled. It includes the panel and electrical connection elements (7). 20 3. A vertical system pyrolysis furnace as in Claim 1 or 2, with the following characteristics: biomass is transferred to the horizontal screw conveyor in a regular and controlled manner. It contains a screw biomass loading hopper (8) that enables loading.

4. Any of the above-mentioned vertical system pyrolysis furnaces has the following characteristics: A vertical 25-inch pipe leading to the upper silo, enabling the horizontal transport of raw materials. Horizontal loading that provides a continuous and balanced flow of material to the screw conveyor. It includes the helix (9). 14 5. Any of the above-mentioned vertical system pyrolysis furnaces have the following characteristics: enabling the vertical transport of biomass to the upper silo loading hopper. This ensures that the material is transferred to the reactor in a balanced and continuous manner, against gravity. the system ensures delivery thanks to automatic feeding and unloading. It includes a vertical loading screw (10) which supports its uninterrupted operation. 5 6. Any of the above-mentioned vertical system pyrolysis furnaces has the following characteristics: Biochar formed after the pyrolysis process is transferred from the hot air lock to the biochar. U-type screw conveyor (11) that enables transfer to the transport trolley. It includes.

7. Any of the above requirements applies to vertical system pyrolysis furnaces, and their characteristic is 10. The pyrolysis product is conveyed by a U-shaped screw conveyor coming out of the conical bottom silo. biochar that ensures the safe collection and transfer of biochar. It includes a transport cart (12).

8. Any of the above-mentioned vertical system pyrolysis furnaces has the following characteristics: conical bottom silo assembly (2), 15 from the outside environment into the reactor during the process a hot air lock (2.1) that prevents air ingress, downflow of material the regulator that directs the biochar into the hot airlock. reduction (2.2), where biochar is accumulated, ready for product discharge The conical bottom silo lower body (2.3) that enables it to reach the reactor conical bottom silo 20 which enables the transfer of products to the conical bottom silo. silo top body (2.4), reactor and for maintenance and cleaning operations of the system Manhole cover (2.5) providing access to the conical bottom silo sections, reactor and Nitrogen cylinder and nitrogen that enables the supply of nitrogen gas to the silo area when needed. It includes the introduction (2.6).

9. Any of the above requirements applies to vertical system pyrolysis furnaces with the following characteristic: 25 reaction silo assembly (3), high temperature required for pyrolysis process and reaction silo body (3.1), which forms a pressure resistant structure, SiC SiC ensures the protection of resistors from mechanical and thermal effects. resistance sheath (3.2), SiC resistors to the reaction silo body SiC resistance plug 30 that ensures it is fixed and held in the correct position. (3.3) provides the temperature required for the pyrolysis reaction to take place. SiC resistors (3.4) consist of two different parts, are resistant to high temperatures and SiC resistors provide a safe electrical connection. It includes connecting elements (3.5).

10. Any of the above requirements applies to vertical system pyrolysis furnaces with the following characteristic: 5 The upper silo assembly (4), where biomass is stored before being transferred to the reactor and the amount of biomass in the upper silo body (4.1) to which it is fed level indicator (4.2) which constantly monitors and controls the raw material Top silo that provides leak-proof and secure closure during loading. The cover (4.3) is the outer 10 during the transfer of biomass fed into the upper silo to the reactor. The top silo airlock (4.4) prevents the entry of ambient air, raw material Top silo biomass loading hopper that facilitates directing the biomass to the top silo. (4.5) releases the excess pressure that may occur in the system during the pyrolysis process. Pressure relief hatch (4.6) which releases pressure in a controlled manner, pyrolysis in the reactor 15 It contains a syngas outlet tube (4.7) which provides syngas.

11. Any of the above-mentioned vertical system pyrolysis furnaces has the following characteristics: right and left oven body (5), N80 located inside the oven body ensuring the wire resistors are fixed in the correct position on the insulation brick. F-type resistance carrier (5.1) provides homogeneous 20 inside the furnace body. The coiled type is the main component of a distributed indirect heating system. wire resistor (5.2), for oven resistors and other electrical equipment. electrical junction boxes that form safe connection points (5.3) It includes.

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