Nanofertilizer suitable for drone-assisted fertilization.

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of nanofertilizers with different formulations, suitable for drone-assisted fertilization, which meet the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needs of plants, as well as their trace element requirements.

Description

1 TARIFF NANOFERTILIZER SUITABLE FOR DRONE-BASED FERTILIZATION. Technical Area The invention is suitable for drone-assisted fertilization, meeting the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needs of plants. Nanofertilizers with different formulations that also meet the trace element requirements. and is related to its production. 5 State of the Art Fertilizers commonly used in agricultural systems, due to their large particle size In addition to having a smaller surface area, plant root and / or leaf pores It can have dimensions larger than its actual size. Especially due to its low solubility in water. The penetration of the elements, due to their size, from the surface to which they are applied into the plant is 10 With traditional agriculture, the intake and utilization efficiency of nutrients can be significantly reduced. By increasing the amount of nutrients in the fertilizers used in these systems, the plant... The aim is to increase the amount that can be obtained. However, indiscriminate and excessive fertilizer use, While reducing the efficiency of plant nutrient utilization by the plant, the plant and disrupts the balance of nutrients in the soil, as well as the physical and chemical structure of the soil. This is the reason. Considering the general characteristics of the soils, applications made with traditional fertilizers... Due to their particle size, microelements combine with other cations in the soil, affecting plants. The amounts that can be absorbed by the plant are decreasing. In order to increase the plant's absorption capacity... The resolution and particle size need to be significantly reduced. However, the current 20 In fertilizer production technology, by reducing the size to micro-level and using chelation techniques. Efforts are being made to increase the solubility of the elements. Intensive fertilization is applied to meet the increasing food demand in the world. As a result of these programs, increased nitrate pollution in plants has been observed. This, in turn, affects the food chain. By passing into living organisms, it lays the groundwork for the formation of many toxic compounds in the human body. It prepares the groundwater. In addition, the increasing nitrate concentration in groundwater affects drinking water. and reaches humans. To prevent this, the effective use of nitrogen fertilizers is essential. Degree is important. 2 In the current system, patent / utility model applications and articles related to the subject matter. It is located there. Patent number “TR 2023 / 014619” exists in the known state of the art. The application contains all the macro and micro components that plants need, in an acid-base ratio. As a result of the reaction, various forms of fertilizer compositions that are completely soluble in water are obtained. This is related to the production method. The fertilizer in question is a macronutrient (5) that plays a role in plant nutrition. (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, etc.) and micro (Mn, Mo, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Na, Ni, Si, etc.) elements at least one element-based hydroxide compound selected from the group containing and / or also macro or at least one compound based on microelements, organic or inorganic acid and / or at least one It contains organic or inorganic acid-based compounds. Patent application number “CN107827585A”, which exists in the known state of the art, concerns macro 10. It relates to a solid, water-soluble fertilizer containing elements and its preparation method. Fertilizer, specific proportions of urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, dipotassium phosphate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, amino acid powder, dispersants and It consists of co-solvents. By using advanced dispersants and co-solvents, the fertilizer It is ensured that it is evenly distributed and wetted in water, preventing clumping during storage. This prevents and makes fertilizer cost-effective, environmentally friendly and suitable for large-scale production. is being brought. In the previous technique, the available fertilizers were in a soluble solid form and were dissolved in water or... It is applied by spreading it directly on the field. However, this application method results in a large amount of fertilizer being used. This results in some of it not being absorbed by the plant. This leads to both high consumption. 20 and it also leads to high costs. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions, the subject matter... Due to the inadequacy of its current form, there is a need for a nanofertilizer that can be applied in liquid form. It is heard. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention 25 The invention addresses the shortcomings of the existing system while meeting all the requirements mentioned above. and it is related to a nanofertilizer that eliminates the disadvantages. In recent years, it has been used for plant nutrition purposes. The nanomaterials used stand out with their effective results and are relevant to the field of study. It is promising. The use of nanofertilizers provides a 40% (2 / 5) improvement compared to classical fertilization methods. It allows the same yield to be obtained with less fertilizer. The production cost is low. 3 This contributes to reducing overall costs. Furthermore, it is particularly green. It helps prevent environmental pollution by reducing nitrate residue in leafy plants. For example, in conventional fertilization, 10 kg / da DAP (18-46-0) is applied to lettuce plants. The application was carried out. DAP fertilizer was mixed into the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm. Then lettuce seedlings were planted and harvested at the end of the growing season. With this invention, 5 According to the developed fertilizer application method, the nano fertilizer formulation contains a smaller amount of fertilizer. With this dosage, a similar yield was obtained compared to the conventional fertilizer dosage. Explanation of the Figures Figure 1: SEM image of nanofertilizer. Figure 2: Elemental composition of particles in SEM EDX images. It is a mapped view. Figure 3: Appearance of the microscopic distribution of the elements. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention relates to nanofertilizers suitable for drone-assisted fertilization. Specifically, the invention concerns the nitrogen content of plants. 15 different facilities where phosphorus and potassium needs, as well as trace element needs, are met. It is related to the production of nanofertilizers with specific formulations. This invention incorporates dope into a nanocarrier material that has not been synthesized before. A new plant nutrient mixture has been synthesized using nitrogen, potassium, and microelements. and has been used in the fertilization of some plants. Nanofertilizers can be produced in various formulations. Nanofertilizer solid-liquid mixed sludge 20 It is in this form. The solid part of the fertilizer contains nanomaterial. The nanomaterial consists of calcium and magnesium hydroxyapatites (Ca5(PO4)3(OH) and Mg5(PO4)3(OH)) with calcium and consisting of combinations of magnesium struvites (CaNH4PO4 and MgNH4PO4) It is a nanocomposite material. The developed nanofertilizer consists of two liquid components. The first liquid mixture is nitrogen and 25 It is prepared by adding and dissolving potassium-containing substances in water. It also contains nitrogen. Compounds: Urea, Urea-formaldehyde, Ammonium sulfate, Ammonium thiosulfate, Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium Dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, Ammonium citrate, Triammonium phosphate, Primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium salts; Nitrate compounds; Potassium-containing compounds 30 4 Potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium thiosulfate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate, Potassium carbonate, potassium lactate, potassium phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium tartrate, and potassium salts of other organic compounds. If microelements are to be used, iron (Fe2+), copper (Cu2+), zinc are added to the solution. (Zn2+) and manganese (Mn2+) ions form sulfate, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, citrate, hydroxide, bicarbonate, 5 carbonate, phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate and organic acid anions; Boron (B) For boric acid, sodium tetraborate, and molybdenum (Mo), ammonium molybdate, sodium one of the following compounds: molybdate or potassium molybdate, or a suitable combination thereof. Calcium hydroxide, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, and calcium are added to this solution. chloride, calcium citrate and calcium lactate compounds or a suitable combination thereof 10 The first mixture is obtained by adding these ingredients. To create the second mixture, phosphoric acid and potassium phosphate are added to water in a separate container. Potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium Hydrogen phosphate, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ammonium One of the dihydrogen phosphate compounds, or a suitable mixture thereof, is added while adjusting the pH value. 15 The second mixture is added on top of the first mixture at a pressure of 0-2 atmospheres and a temperature range of 20-95 °C. The reaction is completed by adding the solution. When the reaction is complete, the pH value is 4.0 – 10.0 It is within the range. The liquid portion of the product contains dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and phosphorus to meet the plant's immediate needs. It contains potassium. Additionally, the nanofertilizer increases the plant's uptake of nanomaterials by 20%. It contains dissolved amino acids and silicic acid that facilitate its production. Nanofertilizers are the most common. The 5-5-5 formulation used contains 5% Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O). It contains. Some types contain 0.1–0.5% microelements. Example 1: 25 To prepare the first mixture for nanofertilizer with a 5-5-5 formulation, under pressure and 315 kg of water and 110 kg of urea are added to the heated boiler. 70.4 kg of calcium hydroxide and 13.8 kg Magnesium hydroxide is added and stirred for 0.5 hours. For the second mixture, add 90 kg of potassium hydrogen phosphate and 10 kg of phosphoric acid to 385 kg of water. It is solved by adding 30. Mixture 1 is added to mixture 2 by a compressor that provides a pressure of 2 atm using a pump. By adding it through a boiler at a temperature of 55 °C, the reaction is completed in approximately 1 hour. After the reaction is complete, add 1 kg of potassium silicate solution containing 20% ​​(w / w) SiO2 to the pot. It is added gradually. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid inlet of the boiler. It is added and mixed for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is slowly cooled and placed in the cauldron as a sludge. It is taken from the outlet. It is diluted with water according to a suitable dilution ratio. It is used in fertilization. Example 2: To prepare the first mixture for nanofertilizer with a 4-8-0 formulation, a pressurized and 10 520 kg of water and 87 kg of urea are added to the heated boiler. 112.6 kg of calcium hydroxide and 22.1 kg Magnesium hydroxide is added and stirred for 0.5 hours. For the second mixture, 131.2 kg of phosphoric acid is added to 130 kg of water and dissolved. Mixture 1 is added to mixture 2 by a compressor that provides a pressure of 2 atm using a pump. By adding it through a boiler at a temperature of 55 °C, the reaction is completed in approximately 1 hour. 15 After the reaction is complete, add 1 kg of potassium silicate solution containing 20% ​​(w / w) SiO2 to the pot. It is added gradually. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid inlet of the boiler. It is added and mixed for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is slowly cooled and placed in the pot as sludge. It is taken from the outlet. It is diluted with water according to a suitable dilution ratio. It is used in fertilization. 20 Example 3: To prepare the first mixture for nanofertilizer with a 0-10-0 (0.5% Zn) formulation. 490 kg of water and 22 kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate are added to a pressurized and heated boiler. It is dissolved by stirring. Then 140.8 kg of calcium hydroxide and 27.6 kg of magnesium 25 Hydroxide is added and stirred for 0.5 hours. For the second mixture, 164 kg of phosphoric acid is added to 160 kg of water and dissolved. Mixture 1 is added to mixture 2 by a compressor that provides a pressure of 2 atm using a pump. By adding it through a cauldron at a temperature of 45 °C, the reaction is completed in approximately 1 hour. After the reaction is complete, add 1 kg of potassium silicate solution containing 20% ​​(w / w) SiO2 to the pot. It is added gradually. Then, 14 kg of plant-derived amino acids are added from the solid inlet of the boiler. 6 It is added and mixed for 0.5 hours. The resulting product is slowly cooled and placed in the pot as sludge. It is taken from the outlet. It is diluted with water according to a suitable dilution ratio. It is used in fertilization. Figure 1 shows SEM images of the nanofertilizer. As seen in the figures, 100 5 – Nanocomposite chips with dimensions of 150 nanometers are available. Also shown in Figure 2. As seen, the elemental composition of a single particle is shown in the SEM EDX images. It has been mapped. As seen on the map, all plant nutrients are slowly released in water. It is homogeneously distributed on the nanomaterial in a soluble form. The table below contains SEM EDX results for the analysis of specific elements, and these 10 weight percentage of elements, atomic percentage, net density (Net Int.), error percentages It displays metrics such as Error %, K ratio (Kratio), Z, A, and F factors. Element Weight (%) Atomic (%) Net Intensity Error (%) K Rate ZAF NC 11.29 17.51 ​​98.60 10.83 0.0120 1.0897 0.0977 1.0000 OK 41.07 55.78 748.40 9.86 0.0553 1.0683 0.1260 1.0000 PK 6.45 4.53 764.40 3.02 0.0504 0.9364 0.8249 1.0099 SD 1.38 0.94 167.40 3.37 0.0114 0.9550 0.8460 1.0149 KK 21.01 11.68 2093.00 1.63 0.1873 0.9049 0.9662 1.0195 CaK 15.84 8.59 1226.70 2.42 0.1308 0.9216 0.8915 1.0053 ZnK 2.97 0.99 76.70 3.58 0.0252 0.7857 0.9981 1.0832 Table 1: Element Properties Analysis Table When the elemental compositions are examined, this distribution shows approximately 11% N and 41%... It contains 6.5% P, 1.4% S, 21% K, 16% Ca, and 3% 15. Zn is present. These ratios represent the composition of a cross-section on the surface of the nanoparticle. It differs from the prepared composition. In SEM EDX analyses taken from different regions... Similar results have been obtained. This indicates that the elements are homogeneous on the particles. This shows their distributions. 7 Figure 3 also shows the microscopic distribution of the elements. The color distribution is homogeneous. This means that the elements are homogeneously distributed on the nanomaterial. It shows. 10 20

Claims

8 REQUESTS 1. It is a nanofertilizer and its characteristic is: a. Solid phase calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH) and / or magnesium hydroxyapatite Mg5(PO4)3(OH)) with calcium struvite (CaNH4PO4) and / or Nanocomposite 5 containing magnesium struvite (MgNH4PO4) b. In the liquid phase, the first liquid component contains a source of nitrogen and potassium, and phosphoric acid. Potassium phosphate, Potassium hydrogen phosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, the second liquid containing at least one of them: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Component 10 It includes.

2. It is a nanofertilizer according to Claim 1, and its characteristic is that the nitrogen mentioned in the first liquid component. The source is Urea, Urea-formaldehyde, Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, Ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, Ammonium citrate, 15 Triammonium phosphate is at least one of the primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium salts. is 3. According to claim 1, it is a nanofertilizer and its characteristic is that the potassium mentioned in the first liquid component. The sources include potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium thiosulfate, and potassium acetate. Potassium citrate, potassium carbonate, potassium lactate, potassium phosphate, potassium 2O At least one of the following: monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium tartrate. is 4. It is a nanofertilizer according to claim 1, and its characteristic is that the first liquid component also contains microelements. It includes.

5. According to claim 4, it is a nanofertilizer and its characteristic is that it contains the microelements iron (Fe2+), copper (Cu2+), zinc 25 (Zn2+) or manganese (Mn2+) ions in sulfate, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, citrate, hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate salts, boric acid, sodium tetraborate, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, or potassium molybdate It must be at least one of its components.

6. Nanofertilizer according to claim 1 or 4, characterized by the fact that the first liquid component also contains calcium 30 hydroxide, calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium It must contain at least one lactate compound. 9 7. It is a nanofertilizer according to Claim 1, and its characteristic is that the second liquid component is Phosphoric acid, Potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium It must contain at least one of the dihydrogen phosphate compounds.

8. According to claim 1, it is a nanofertilizer and its characteristic feature is that it also contains amino acids and / or silicic acid. 5 15 25

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