A RELIEF VALVE

Abstract

This invention relates to a relief valve (1) containing a multilayer filter which enables the filtration of gases released during thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery systems.

Description

1 TARIFF A RELIEF VALVE Technical Area 5 This invention addresses the issue of thermal runaway, particularly in lithium-ion battery systems. with a relief valve containing a multi-layered filter that enables the filtration of the emitted gases It is related. Previous Technique Lithium-ion batteries are used especially in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. They are widely used due to their high energy density. However, 15 problems in batteries such as cell failures, overheating, short circuits or mechanical damage. During thermal runaway (uncontrolled heating) situations that occur due to various reasons, sudden pressure increases and high temperatures inside the battery module or pack Together, toxic, corrosive, and flammable gases are released. Among these gases... hydrogen fluoride (HF), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), methane (CH₄) and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose a danger to human health and the environment. The components that provide the supply are included. Venting used in existing battery systems in the previous technique. valves to allow these gases to be released outside the package in a controlled manner. They were designed. However, these valves are only intended to reduce gas pressure. 25 It is in operation and there is no filtering or anything on the chemical composition of the emitted gas. It lacks a neutralization function. This is especially true in enclosed spaces. serious risks for workers include respiratory irritation, poisoning, and fire hazards. This leads to security problems. 2 Therefore, nowadays, the toxic substances that arise during thermal runaway situations... flammable gases are released directly into the external environment without being filtered during the evacuation process. to prevent its release and to protect both employee safety and environmental health Solutions are needed to prevent it from being threatened. U.S. patent number US12113236B2, which falls under the prior art. The document states that combustible gases during thermal runaway are filtered. It refers to a mechanism designed to facilitate evacuation. The exhaust filter system being described for a battery pack is explosion-proof. It includes a valve and a filter assembly. One end of the explosion-proof valve is 10 One end connects to the battery pack, and the other end connects to the filter assembly. The filter assembly; from an input port, an output port, a trunk, and a filter mechanism It consists of two separate input and output ports at each end of the fuselage. It is positioned. The filter mechanism is located inside the housing and is very... It is equipped with a number of filter holes. The present invention is an innovative 15 Optimal design of an innovative filter system with an explosion-proof valve. thanks to this, we are expanding the applicability of the technical solutions of this application, It solves the fire problem caused by thermal runaway, and directs the combustion gas more evenly. somehow discharges and thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack. In this case, it provides a more effective filtering and post-processing effect. 20 Brief Description of the Invention The aim of this invention is to prevent thermal runaway occurring in lithium-ion battery packs. releasing the pressure that occurs during the events and releasing the resulting toxic, flammable 25 and preventing corrosive gases from harming the environment and human health. The goal is to create a relief valve that provides this. Another purpose of the invention is to relieve the pressure that occurs during thermal escape events. In addition to being processed, the harmful gases produced are treated physically, chemically and / or catalytically. 30 3 by filtering through various methods, reducing or completely eliminating their harmful effects. The goal is to create a relief valve that allows for its removal. Detailed Description of the Invention To achieve the purpose of this invention, a "Relief Valve" has been added. as shown in the figures, these figures are: Figure 1. Perspective view of a relief valve, which is the subject of the invention. Figure 2. Cross-sectional view of a relief valve, which is the subject of the invention. 10 Figure 1. View of the application of a relief valve, which is the subject of the invention. The parts shown in the figures are individually numbered, and these numbers... The equivalents are given below: 1. Drain valve 2. Body 3. Membrane 4. Gas outlet channel 5. First filter 20 6. Second filter 7. Third filter 8. Network structure The pressure that builds up in batteries during thermal runaway is relieved and released at 25 The subject of the invention is a discharge valve (1) which enables the filtering of the emitted gases. - at least one hollow structure that allows gas to escape and through which gas can pass. body (2), - located at one end of the body (2) and opening on its own when the pressure increases at least one membrane that provides balance (3), 30 - multiple gas outlet channels (4) located at the other end of the body (2), 4 - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), high temperature at least one primary filter (5) that retains particles and droplets, - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), acidic gases at least one second filter (6) that ensures retention and - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), during thermal runaway 5 at least one binder that binds the resulting gases through physical adsorption and chemical reactions. It includes a third filter (7). The subject of the invention is a membrane (3) at one end of the body (2) in a relief valve (1), at the other end the gas outlet channels (4) and the 10 located between the said parts (3,4). It includes filters (5,6,7). The housing (2) is cylindrical in the preferred application. It includes a surface on which the gas outlet channels (4) are located. The subject matter is a square-shaped surface with multiple gas outlet channels and It contains mounting holes used for fixing the body (2). The shell (2) is located between the gas outlet channels (4) and the membrane (3) respectively. The third filter (7), the second filter (6) and the first filter (6) are arranged in a sequence. It includes. The housing (2) also ensures the preservation of mechanical integrity and the filters. It includes a metal mesh structure (8) for fixing (5,6,7). Metal mesh structure (8) thanks to this, the integrity of the shell (2) is preserved in the fire environment and the relief valve (1) 20 He is enabled to fulfill his duty. The subject of the invention is a membrane (3) in the shape of an umbrella located in a relief valve (1) located at the end of the body (2) near the battery, the pressure inside the battery volume It opens spontaneously in response to the increase and restores pressure balance. 25 The subject of the invention is the gas outlet channels (4) located in a relief valve (1) on the body (2) located at the other end and the controlled gas filtered by filters (5,6,7) It ensures a safe exit from the battery. 5 The subject of the invention is the first filter (5) microfiber glass filter located in a drain valve (1). It is a layer and the high-temperature particles that are initially released during thermal runaway. and traps liquid / aerosol droplets. The first filter (5) is immediately above the membrane (3). It is located on top. This allows the initial high-temperature gas to reach a higher temperature. This prevents damage to the battery by dropping it. 5 The subject of the invention is a zeolite filter layer in the second filter (6) located in a drain valve (1). It provides selective adsorption by retaining acidic gases within its molecular structure. It ensures the capture of harmful components. The second filter (6) is preferably used It traps acidic gases such as HF (Hydrogen Fluoride) and HCl (Hydrochloric Acid). Second 10 filter (6) is located just above the first filter (5) in the preferred application. Thus, the acidic gases in the gas whose temperature has been reduced are removed by the second filter (6). It is held in place within the molecular structure. The subject of the invention is a third filter (7) located in a drain valve (1) with an activated carbon 15 It is a layer that adsorbs gases through physical adsorption and chemical reactions. It binds. For this purpose, potassium is placed on the carbon material in the third filter (7). Permanganate is impregnated with copper salts. The third filter (7) is the second filter (6) It is located directly above it. In this way, the acidic content is kept within the molecular structure. volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of gas, carbon 20 It binds gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The subject of the invention is the discharge valve (1) located on the battery modules. In the event of thermal runaway occurring in the battery, toxic gases can be released into the environment, causing harm. an integrated filter consisting of three filters (5,6,7) that allows discharge without giving 25 It includes the system. The relief valve (1) is placed successively on the body (2). Thanks to the layered filter (5,6,7) structure, the physical, chemical and catalytic properties of the gases are improved. It ensures purification through various methods. For this purpose, thermal protection is applied in the battery module. The internal pressure, which increases with the onset of leakage, first causes the gas to escape when the membrane (3) opens. It is reduced by discharge and the gas reaches the first filter (5). The first 30 The filter (5) traps particles and liquids in the hot gas. Then the gas passes through the second 6 They come to the filter (6) and corrosive components are retained as they pass through the zeolite layer. Finally, the third filter (7) activates the carbon layer to remove any remaining toxic substances in the gas. It traps and chemically decomposes flammable gases. Thus, the filtered gas... It is released to the outside environment via gas outlet channels (4). The invention involves the removal of harmful gases from the breathable environment by means of a relief valve (1). passengers and service personnel inside the vehicle during a fire are protected by being moved away. or provides vital advantages for production workers. On the other hand, much more Thanks to the layered filter (5,6,7) discharge system, there is no risk of gas accumulation in the environment. The probability of explosion is reduced and the possibility of a blast is lowered. Furthermore, the relief valve that is the subject of this invention is 10. (1) with regard to evolving regulations on battery safety and environmental-health Compliance with regulations can be facilitated. Finally, the relief valve (1) Thanks to its modular structure, it can be integrated with different batteries through design changes. It can be provided. Around these basic concepts, there is much about the subject of the invention, “A Drain Valve (1)”. It is possible to develop various applications, and the invention described herein It cannot be limited to examples; it is essentially as stated in the requests.

Claims

7 REQUESTS 1. To relieve the pressure that builds up in batteries during thermal runaway and It provides filtration of the released gases. - at least one of the following structures that allows gas to escape and through which gas can pass: body (2), - located at one end of the body (2) and opening on its own when the pressure increases at least one membrane that provides balance (3), - multiple gas outlet channels (4) located at the other end of the body (2), - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), high temperature 10 at least one primary filter (5) that retains particles and droplets, - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), acidic gases at least one second filter (6) that ensures retention and - located between the membrane (3) and the gas outlet channels (4), during thermal runaway at least 15 that bind the resulting gases through physical adsorption and chemical reactions a drain valve (1) characterized by a third filter (7).

2. A membrane (3) at one end, gas outlet channels (4) at the other end and words the housing (2) containing the filters (5,6,7) which are among the parts (3,4) A relief valve as described in Claim 1 (1). 20 3. It has a cylindrical structure and a surface on which the gas outlet channels (4) are located. a relief valve as in Claim 1 or 2 characterized by a body containing (2) (1).

4. It is square in shape and has multiple gas outlet channels. surface containing mounting holes used for fixing the body (2) A relief valve as described in Claim 3 (1).

5. There are 30 consecutive gas outlet channels (4) and membrane (3) between them. somehow the housing (2) containing the third filter (7), the second filter (6) and the first filter (6) 8 an eviction as in any of the above claims characterized by valve (1).

6. To maintain mechanical integrity and to secure the filters (5,6,7). The above 5 is characterized by a body (2) containing a metal mesh structure (8). a relief valve as in any of the requirements (1).

7. It is umbrella-shaped and located at the end of the body (2) near the battery. a device that opens automatically due to an increase in pressure within the battery's internal volume and pressure 10 of the above requests characterized by the membrane (3) which provides balance a drain valve like any other (1).

8. The gas located at the other end of the shell (2) and filtered by filters (5,6,7) gas outlet channels that allow controlled and safe exit of gas from the battery An evacuation as in any of the above-mentioned demands characterized by (4) 15 valve (1).

9. This is a microfiber glass filter layer that initially releases thermal leakage material. with the first filter (5) which retains high temperature particles and liquid / aerosol droplets A relief valve as in any of the above-mentioned requirements characterized 20 (1).

10. Characterized by the first filter (5) located just above the membrane (3). a relief valve (1) as in any of the above requirements.

11. It is a zeolite filter layer that traps acidic gases in their molecular structure. By providing selective adsorption, it enables the capture of harmful components. any of the above requests characterized by the second filter (6) such as a relief valve (1). 9 12. Characterized by the second filter (6) located just above the first filter (5). a relief valve (1) as in any of the above requirements.

13. It is an activated carbon layer that adsorbs gases through physical and chemical means. The above 5 is characterized by the third filter (7) which connects with the reactions. a relief valve as in any of the requirements (1).

14. Potassium permanganate and copper salts are impregnated onto carbon material. any of the above requests characterized by the third filter (7) such as a relief valve (1). 10 15. Characterized by the third filter (7) located just above the second filter (6). a relief valve (1) as in any of the above requirements.

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