A PLASTIC CRUSHING MACHINE

Abstract

This invention relates to crushing, shredding and granulating machines used in the plastics, textiles, agriculture and recycling sectors, and specifically to a plastics crushing machine (1) equipped with an automatic grinding system (9) to prevent blades from becoming dull during operation. The machine (1) crushes the material by cutting between cutting blades (4) and fixed blades (7) mounted on the housing (2), while an automatic grinding system (9) is activated to prevent blade wear. This system (9) consists of a blade sharpening stone (9.1), a drive gear (9.2), a stone fixing bolt (9.3), a system carrier lower support shaft (9.4), a system carrier induction shaft (9.5), a shaft fixing drive bearing (9.6), a stone drive housing (9.7) and an automatic grinding power motor (9.8).These components work in sync with each other to maintain the sharpness of the blades (4), prevent dulling and ensure that the machine (1) continues production without stopping. Thus, the system offers an integrated automatic grinding mechanism that reduces maintenance times, increases energy efficiency and keeps production performance at a consistently high level.

Description

1 TARIFF A PLASTIC CRUSHING MACHINE Technical Area This invention is used in the plastics, textiles, agriculture, and recycling industries for crushing, 5 This relates to machines for crushing, granulating, or reducing size. More specifically, to prevent the blades from dulling during operation, the machine plastic crushing with an integrated automatic grinding mechanism It is related to the machine. The machine described in this invention has an integrated automatic grinding mechanism. prevents the blades from dulling during operation, thus ensuring consistently efficient cutting. It is a plastic crushing machine that provides performance. This mechanism, in particular... In continuously operating systems, blades are subjected to wear and tear, leading to dulling and... eliminating blade replacement or maintenance times that arise depending on the situation 15 It is designed for daily use. Thanks to its automatic grinding system, the machine is suitable for daily use. They sharpen their knives for short periods at intervals, and in this way they approximately 2 It provides a time saving of hours. In addition, significant benefits are obtained by using this system. There is no need for external grinding machines that require energy consumption. In conclusion, the integrated grinding mechanism increases the overall capacity of the machine and 20 improving performance, reducing maintenance costs and ensuring uninterrupted production. It offers an advantage. In addition, there is a risk of sparks or overheating during the sharpening process. To prevent fire risks, water or a controlled amount of water may be applied to the grinding area. A safety system is provided that ensures the coolant is supplied. Additionally, 25 machine to trap metal particles and dust that may be generated during grinding It contains an integrated magnetic gripping plate. This structure is both functional and practical. This increases safety and also prevents unwanted buildup inside the machine. It prevents its formation. 2 Additionally, the positioning of the blades on a thick tube facilitates the cutting process. minimizes vibration and noise levels generated during operation; open rotor a much quieter working environment compared to traditional machines with similar designs. It provides. Consequently, thanks to the integrated grinding and safety systems, the subject of the invention... Plastic crushing machine; high efficiency, low maintenance requirements, increased workload. It offers both safety and quiet operation advantages. State of the art 10 Today, crushing is used in the plastics, textile, agriculture, and recycling industries. Crushing and granulating machines are widely used. These The common structure of machines is a rotating drum, rotor, or shaft inside a housing. through the cutting blades and fixed blades or clamping plates located there Their effect is to reduce the size of the material. 15 In known plastic crushing, shredding and granulating machines, the rotary drum (shaft) cutting blades and fixed blades located on (also called rotors) Due to the cutting action between them, the blade edges become dull over time. This situation leads to a decrease in material cutting performance and an increase in motor load. and this causes imbalances in product output dimensions. If the blades become dull, the machine must be stopped, the blades removed, and It needs to be sharpened on external grinding machines. This process leads to a loss of labor and time, and is also highly energy-consuming. It creates dependence on grinding machines. 25 Frequent blade changes and sharpening intervals increase maintenance costs. and negatively affects production continuity. Limitations and Disadvantages of Known Technologies 1. Blade dulling (wear) problem: 30 3 • Cutting blades and fixed blades during the cutting / shredding process or they interact with adjacent surfaces; this constant contact and friction causes the blade Their mouths become dull. • Due to dulling, the cutting function weakens, the cutting size increases, and the output decreases. The homogeneity of the material is disrupted. 5 • When the blades become dull, the machine must be stopped, the blades removed, and Grinding or replacement work must be performed. This maintenance process takes time. • Therefore, stoppages, maintenance breaks, or low performance on the production line Periods of high-performance work occur. 2. Maintenance costs and time loss: 10 • Resharpening dull or worn blades or Changing it requires a large workforce. • Production may stop or capacity may decrease during the maintenance period. • Replacement blade costs, grinding machine costs, and labor costs increase. • This situation is particularly relevant for crushing systems that operate continuously (24 / 7). This creates a significant loss of productivity. 3. Energy and efficiency losses: • Dull blades operate under higher loads; meaning they put more strain on the motor. The load is excessive, and energy consumption increases. • When cutting efficiency decreases, the machine runs for a longer period of time. 20 or the output material may not reach the target size. • Some machines have a separate, high-power grinding wheel for grinding. Machines or systems may be required. 4. Production capacity and continuity issues: • Blade dulling reduces machine performance; this can take even longer than 25 years. Low capacity means a decrease in output volume. • Unexpected shutdowns on the production line when maintenance shutdowns are not planned. Postures occur. • This situation is especially true for large-scale facilities (e.g., recycling plants) It constitutes a significant portion of the cost in applications. 30 5. Integration and modification challenges: 4 • Existing machines are generally standard in design and feature automatic sharpening. It is not designed to be compatible with their systems (grinding modules). • Later modifications can be difficult: body changes, additions Mechanical system installation and electrical control system integration may be required. • This may require re-engineering and significant investment. 5 6. Security and access problems: • Potential safety hazards for the operator during maintenance and blade replacement. It can create a risk. • Cooling down and stopping the machine is necessary for some blade changes. Secure locking mechanisms may need to be implemented. 10 • In systems without automatic sharpening mechanisms, the operator Because the intervention is direct, the risk of errors and accidents increases. 7. Recycling, adaptability to different material types: • Different types of plastics (PE, PP, PVC, high-filler materials, etc.) This creates different wear conditions. Some machines are suitable for this variable material structure. It requires blade and structural modification. • Standard machines may not provide this flexibility sufficiently, which is often the case. This may lead to maintenance or performance loss. The current technology aims to address the problem of blade wear or dulling. Various systems have been developed. For example, international system number WO2017007449A1. the patent application describes a device used in disintegrator or shredder type machines. A blade module has been defined, and in this module, dull blades can be removed. Interchangeable or modifiable insert structures have been provided. However, this solution... It does not prevent the blade from dulling, it only allows for manual intervention after dulling occurs. 25 It provides a replaceable structure. Therefore, in continuously operating systems, the blade The change requires halting production, which leads to a loss of time. is happening. Another example is the European patent application numbered EP0444916A1, which deals with an agricultural 30 automatic sharpening mechanism for forage harvester It has been defined. This system allows the blades to operate during operation or short pauses. This makes it possible to automatically sharpen them at certain moments. However, the aforementioned The structure is designed for agricultural machinery, such as high-performance plastic crushing machines. Dust and vibration required for systems designed for crushing rotary and hard materials. and does not provide suitable integration for high load environments. 5 Similarly, in Chinese patent application number CN103753731A, waste plastic A machine structure designed for crushing has been defined. In this structure, the feeding chamber, Components such as a heating chamber and a crushing chamber are included in the tool kits. The aim is to reduce wear and tear problems. However, this system requires an automatic 10 There is no sharpening or grinding mechanism, therefore the blades wear out. It relies entirely on manual maintenance and replacement procedures. Also included in the literature is "Patent Analysis of Plastic Recycling Technologies". The compilation study titled [title of the study] also specifically discusses plastic recycling technologies, particularly in the 15th century. Although it has been noted that crushing, washing, and separation systems have a high patent density, The study in question aimed to prevent blade dulling or to use automatic grinding. No solution has been proposed for its integration. Therefore, the systems used in current technology are not designed to prevent blade dulling, 20 It is based on post-atrophy intervention; also, existing solutions, production automatic grinding to ensure continuity and energy efficiency It does not include integration. Our invention eliminates the disadvantages of the existing techniques mentioned above. 25 It was developed for the purpose of removing, and especially for continuously operating plastic crushing. by preventing blade dulling in machines, increasing cutting efficiency, production Integrated automatic grinding that ensures continuity and minimizes maintenance times. It offers a crushing machine with a specific mechanism. Purpose of the Invention 6 The main purpose of the invention is to transform the cutting blades located inside the plastic crushing machine. automatically paused during operation or at specific intervals by making it sharp, • Eliminates the need for daily blade changes, • shorten maintenance times, 5 • Eliminates the need for external grinding machines and labor. to pick up, • to increase production efficiency, • Automatic, designed to save energy and time. Our aim is to offer a plastic crushing machine with a grinding system. 10 This invention enables the maintenance of consistent cutting performance in continuously operating systems. minimizing operator intervention and increasing the overall capacity of the machine. It provides. Detailed description of the invention The plastic crushing machine attached is designed to achieve the objectives of this invention. This is shown in the figures. From these shapes; Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the machine that is the subject of the invention. Figure 2: A perspective view of the automatic grinding system of the machine subject to the invention. It is the appearance. 7 The components of the machine structure subject to the invention are as follows in the attached figures: They are numbered: 1) Plastic Crushing Machine 2) Body 5 3) Knife sharpening stone 4) Cutting blade 5) Idler gear 6) Blade connecting drum 7) Fixed blade 10 8) Fixed blade movement system 9) Automatic Grinding System 9.1) Knife sharpening stone 9.2) Drive gear 9.3) Stone fixing bolt 15 9.4) System carrier lower support shaft 9.5) System carrier induction shaft 9.6) Shaft fixing motion bearing 9.7) Stone movement housing 9.8) Automatic grinding power motor 20 10) Security System 10.1) Magnetic Holder Plate To prevent the blades (4) from becoming dull during operation, 25 are placed inside the machine (1). a plastic crusher with integrated automatic grinding mechanism (9) machine (1); - Forming the main frame of the machine (1) and all the movable and fixed components a body that enables its positioning and protection (2), 30 8 - Sharpening tools with an abrasive surface for sharpening cutting blades (4). a knife sharpening stone (3) that removes dullness by contacting the blade. - Mounted on a rotating drum (6) that enables the material to be cut. and a cutting blade that can be sharpened with an automatic sharpening system to resist wear. (4), 5 - The rotational movement of the grinding mechanism (9) or cutting drum (6) a idler gear (5) that transmits and ensures the synchronous operation of the system, - Cutting of material by rotary motion where the cutting blades (6) are fixed. a blade connection drum that performs and is acted upon by the sharpening system (6), 10 - Working together with the cutting blade (4), it is in a fixed position and the material is two a fixed blade (7) that allows cutting between the surface, - Adjusting the position of the fixed blade (7) as needed, gap and angle a fixed blade that allows for precise adjustment of tolerances musculoskeletal system (8), 15 - Abrasive structure on the surface to prevent cutting blades from becoming dull. a knife that is found and whose sharpness is renewed by contact with the blade edge Sharpening stone (9.1), by providing the rotational movement of this stone (9.1) sharpens a gear (9.2) that performs the operation, positioning the stone (9.1) by securing it and preventing unwanted vibrations that may occur during operation. 20 a stone fixing bolt (9.3) that prevents the stone from bearing the load (9.1). a system carrier lower support shaft that ensures the mechanical balance of the system (9.4) this carrier (9.4) structure to high temperature and friction conditions a system carrier that ensures durable and long-lasting operation induction shaft (9.5) makes the rotational movement of this shaft (9.5) vibration-free 25 a shaft fixing that supports and enables stable operation of the system. The moving bearing (9.6) of the grinding wheel (9.1) in the axial direction By enabling this movement, the grinding effect is distributed homogeneously across the blade surface. a stone movement casing (9.7) that allows it to disperse and all this sub By providing kinetic energy to the components, the system is automatically activated. a way to enter and sharpen the knives (7) at specified intervals 9 It has an automatic grinding power motor (9.8) and these parts are connected to each other. By enabling the cutting blades (4) to work in a synchronized manner to maintain its sharpness during this time, preventing dulling and wear. preventing performance losses, ensuring continuous operation of the machine without stopping. to enable production, minimize maintenance and sharpening times, 5 eliminating the need for external grinding equipment and overall an automated grinding system that enables increased energy efficiency (9), - Apply water or a suitable coolant to the grinding area in a controlled manner. by spraying, it prevents the temperature from rising and eliminates the risk of fire. 10 removing; metal shavings separated from blades and grinding elements, by collecting particles and dust through the magnetic catcher plate (10.1) preventing contamination inside the machine (1) and re-contact of parts; thus preventing sparks, overheating, or other potential issues during the grinding process. Protect the machine (1) and 15 against possible hazards such as metal particle dispersion. a security system that protects the user (10) It includes. The Working Principle of the Machine (1) 20 The subject of the invention is a plastic crushing machine (1), with a cutter mounted on the body (2). breaking the material by the interaction of blades (4) and fixed blades (7) It operates on the principle of size reduction. The material is inside the body (2). When fed into the crushing chamber, the blade connection drum (6) rotates on 25 by creating cutting force with cutting blades (4), fixed blades (7) to cut the material It reduces the granule size to the desired size. During this cutting process, the cutting blades (4) Friction and contact between the fixed blades (7) over time the blades It causes their mouths to atrophy. Safety system (10) located within the machine (1) during grinding and Heating, sparks, or particle emission that may occur in cutting zones It provides protection against risks. At this stage, the automatic grinding system integrated into the machine (1) 5 (9) is activated. The system is activated by the control unit. It activates automatically at regular intervals or via sensor feedback. Automatic The grinding power motor (9.8) transmits energy to the blade sharpening stone via the drive gear (9.2). (9.1) gives the knife sharpening stone (9.1) a rotational movement. During this time, the stone movement Moving axially through the sleeve (9.7), the cutting blades (4) 10 It creates controlled contact with the cutting surfaces. The position of the stone (9.1) is fixed with the stone fixing bolt (9.3), while the system carrier bottom support spindle (9.4) and system carrier induction spindle (9.5), grinding This ensures the system (9) operates stably under high speed and temperature. This 15 The rotational movement of the shafts is driven by the shaft fixing motion bearing (9.6). It is supported in a vibration-free and stable manner. This ensures smooth and even support during the grinding process. Potential problems such as vibration, overheating, or imbalance are eliminated. In addition, the safety system (10) protects against metal chips produced during grinding and 20 by collecting the dust through the magnetic holder plate inside the machine (1) It ensures cleanliness and safety. The sharpening stone (9.1) makes only controlled contact with the blade edge; this contact time and pressure, automatic grinding power motor (9.8) and system control parameters 25 By limiting the sharpening process, an optimum sharpening effect is achieved. This allows the cutting blades to be sharpened effectively. (4) sharpness is maintained constantly even when the machine (1) is running and the blades do not become dull. This is prevented. When the system is complete, the grinding motor (9.8) stops automatically. The sharpening stone (9.1) returns to its starting position and the cutting process continues uninterrupted. It continues in this way. 30 11 During the grinding process, the safety system (10) is activated when the stone and blade come into contact. by preventing the risks of possible heating, sparks or particle dispersion It supports the secure operation of the system. Thanks to this automatic sharpening process, the blade 5 during the operation of the machine (1) The need for replacement is eliminated, and dependence on external grinding machines is reduced. is coming to an end, energy consumption is decreasing, and production capacity and continuity are increasing. is increasing significantly. Furthermore, it does not require operator intervention. This process improves maintenance safety and reduces the risk of human error. It minimizes the risks. 10 At this point the safety system (10) takes place without operator intervention. By monitoring the sharpening process, it automatically detects potential fire or overheating situations. It provides protection. In conclusion, the body (2), cutting blade (4), fixed blade (7), blade connecting drum (6), fixed blade movement system (8), integrated automatic grinding system (9) and Working together with the security system (10), this structure is used for plastics, textiles, agriculture and recycling. High-performance crushing and granulating machines used in transformation industries. 20 high-performance, low-maintenance, self-sharpening It creates an innovative system. Innovative Features and Advantages of the Invention The innovative feature of the invention is that it is integrated into the plastic crushing machine (1), by activating itself during operation, the blades (4) are automatically activated a grinding system (9) that can sharpen and a safety system that ensures safety in this process the system (10) includes. The machines included in the current technology can be manually operated in case of blade dulling. In other countries, sharpening requires grinding or blade changes, while in this invention, the sharpening process is done by machine. 12 While working, it takes place under the supervision of the safety system (10). Thus, the knife deterioration is prevented, the production process continues uninterrupted, and There is no need to stop the machine. Automatic grinding system (9), sub-components of which are blade sharpening stone (9.1), movement 5 gear (9.2), system carrier shafts (9.4, 9.5), bearing housing (9.6), stone movement Thanks to its housing (9.7) and power motor (9.8), the sharpening process is high. It performs with precision, vibration-free and in a balanced manner. This structure, the blade edge by ensuring that the stone interacts only for the necessary duration of contact. It prevents overheating and blade wear. The safety system (10) is at this time 10 grinding by eliminating the risks of heat, sparks and chip accumulation It ensures the process is carried out securely. The main advantages offered by this invention are summarized below: 15 Continuous production: Since the dulling of the blades (4) is prevented, the machine (1) Continuous operation is possible without the need for interruption. Time saving: Thanks to the automatic sharpening process, approximately 2 hours of daily sharpening is saved. Maintenance and downtime are eliminated. Energy efficiency: High because there is no need for external grinding machines. Energy consumption is eliminated and overall system efficiency increases. Ease of maintenance: Maintenance periods are reduced as the frequency of blade (4) replacement is decreased. The lifespan is increasing, while labor and maintenance costs are decreasing. Long service life of blades: Blades (4) should be regularly cleaned during operation Because it undergoes optimal sharpening, dulling and deformation are minimized. It is descending. 13 Safe operation: Automatic, requiring no operator intervention. The sharpening process that takes place reduces the risk of workplace accidents that may occur during maintenance. It reduces. High performance and consistent cutting quality: Thanks to continuously sharp blades. The motor load remains balanced, energy consumption is reduced, and product size homogeneity is achieved. It is protected. As a result, this invention makes the blade 10 thanks to the automatic grinding mechanism (9). self-sharpening, prevents dulling, requires no maintenance An innovative plastic crushing machine that operates at low and high efficiency (1) It offers. 20 30

Claims

14 REQUESTS 1) - Forming the main frame of the machine (1) and all the movable and fixed components a body that enables its positioning and protection (2), - Sharpening of cutting blades (4) with an abrasive surface, blade 5 a knife sharpening stone (3) that removes dullness by contacting the blade. - Mounted on a rotating drum (6) that enables the material to be cut. and a cutting blade that can be sharpened with an automatic sharpening system to resist wear. (4), - The rotational movement of the grinding mechanism (9) or cutting drum (6) 10 a idler gear (5) that transmits and ensures the synchronous operation of the system, - Cutting of material by rotary motion where the cutting blades (6) are fixed. a blade connection drum that performs and is acted upon by the sharpening system (6), - Working together with the cutting blade (4), it is in a fixed position and the material is two 15 a fixed blade (7) that allows cutting between the surface, - Adjusting the position of the fixed blade (7) as needed, gap and angle a fixed blade that allows for precise adjustment of tolerances musculoskeletal system (8) Containing and 20 - Abrasive structure on the surface to prevent cutting blades from becoming dull. a knife that is found and whose sharpness is renewed by contact with the blade edge Sharpening stone (9.1), by providing the rotational movement of this stone (9.1) sharpens a gear (9.2) that performs the operation, positioning the stone (9.1) by securing it and preventing unwanted vibrations that may occur during operation. 25 a stone fixing bolt (9.3) that prevents the stone from bearing the load (9.1). a system carrier lower support shaft that ensures the mechanical balance of the system (9.4) this carrier (9.4) structure to high temperature and friction conditions a system carrier that ensures durable and long-lasting operation induction shaft (9.5) makes the rotational movement of this shaft (9.5) vibration-free 30 a shaft fixing that supports and enables stable operation of the system. The moving bearing (9.6) of the grinding wheel (9.1) in the axial direction By enabling this movement, the grinding effect is distributed homogeneously across the blade surface. a stone movement casing (9.7) that allows it to disperse and all this sub By providing kinetic energy to the components, the system is automatically activated. A 5 that allows you to enter and sharpen the knives (7) at specified intervals. It has an automatic grinding power motor (9.8) and these parts are connected to each other. By enabling the cutting blades (4) to work in a synchronized manner to maintain its sharpness during this time, preventing dulling and wear. preventing performance losses, ensuring continuous operation of the machine without stopping. to enable production, minimize maintenance and sharpening times, 10 eliminating the need for external grinding equipment and overall an automated grinding system that enables increased energy efficiency (9) and - Apply water or a suitable coolant to the grinding area in a controlled manner. by spraying, it prevents the temperature from rising and eliminates the risk of fire. 15 removing; metal shavings separated from blades and grinding elements, by collecting particles and dust through the magnetic catcher plate (10.1) preventing contamination inside the machine (1) and re-contact of parts; thus preventing sparks, overheating, or other potential issues during the grinding process. Protect the machine (1) and 20 against possible hazards such as metal particle dispersion. It is characterized by containing a security system (10) that protects the user. a plastic crushing machine (1). 30