AN IMPROVED GLASS PANEL FIXING PLATFORM

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixing platform (10) for mounting the railing panels (100) on the ground in buildings so that they lie on a vertical axis (o). Figure 1

Description

1 TARIFF AN IMPROVED GLASS PANEL FIXING PLATFORM TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention involves installing railing panels on buildings that extend along a vertical axis to the ground. It relates to a mounting platform for installation. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE 10 Glass railing systems protect living spaces from external factors while maintaining aesthetic integrity. It is one of the important structures that protect. The robustness, longevity and functionality of these systems This largely depends on the quality and design of the fasteners to which the glass panels are attached. Glass railing fixing platforms securely attach glass panels to the profiles at the desired angle. placement with a slope and the creation of a structure resistant to external influences This ensures that such platforms are safe against physical stresses such as wind load. It offers a stable assembly, providing both comfort and safety for users. It increases. Glass railing fixing platforms are compatible with various facade types and mounting surfaces. Its interoperability feature provides significant flexibility to building systems. These platforms ensure the secure fixation of glass panels while maintaining architectural aesthetics. It also helps in their protection. Variable surfaces encountered in application areas. The slopes necessitate precise positioning of the glass panels during installation. 25 This makes it possible to adjust the tilt practically and precisely during the assembly process. Systems that make this possible are becoming increasingly important. Existing These solutions may not fully meet this need, and the slope can be adjusted. The need for developing alternative systems is increasing. In conclusion, all the problems mentioned above necessitate an innovation in the relevant technical field. It has made it mandatory. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 35 The present invention aims to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and contribute to the relevant technical field. It is related to a fixing platform, aiming to bring new advantages. 2 One aim of the invention is to create a fixing system with an easy-to-assemble structure and manual tilt adjustment. The goal is to establish the platform. Another aim of the invention is to create a fixing platform that is easy to manufacture and operates without problems. 5 to reveal. All the purposes mentioned above and those that will emerge from the detailed explanation below. The present invention aims to realize a vertical railing panel in buildings. It is a fixing platform for mounting to the ground so that it lies on the axis. This is 10 According to the innovation, the panel has a U-shaped main panel that is securely attached to the surface where it will be mounted. It includes a channel, a primary base that sits within the aforementioned main channel, and a vertical axis. The fact that it includes an L-shaped fuselage with an extending first side wall, the first of the aforementioned L-shaped fuselage a second base placed on top of the base and on which the panel is placed, and on the vertical axis The inclusion of a cradle section with a second extending side wall, the panel's vertical axis is 15 the first base and the second allow the angle between them to be adjusted manually. the faces of the bases facing each other having a flat form and the first base being the second base on a horizontal axis perpendicular to the vertical axis and the axis along which the main canal extends It is sliding, on the side of the first side wall facing the panel, on the first side wall of the panel It includes a pivot point around which it rotates when leaning, allowing the panel to be adjusted to the desired angle of 20°. When brought in, it passes through an adjustment slot on the second base and onto a slot on the first base. The second base is connected to the fixing hole, horizontally aligned with the first base on the axis. It must include at least one fixing bolt to prevent sliding movement, first side wall It has a tongue recess on it, a tongue recess that fits into the aforementioned tongue recess on the cradle. The inclusion of a fixing tongue, the aforementioned adjustment slot on the aforementioned fixing tongue 25 This means that the fastening tongue contains a sliding gap on the part facing the first base, located within the aforementioned slip gap and sliding motion along the horizontal axis. a sliding mechanism that can be fixed by passing a bolt hole through which it is mounted. The guide includes the bolt hole of the aforementioned sliding guide, the fixing bolt is vertical. As it is advanced along the axis towards the first base, the fixing tongue moves 30 degrees inside the tongue socket. The adjustment slot has a tapped hole so that it can be clamped along the vertical axis. Even though a fixing bolt passes through it, it is not possible for the second base to move along the vertical axis. It must have a longitudinal form in order to give a shape, on the first side wall, of the panel. to ensure it is compressed between the first and second side walls, at least one It includes a wedge mechanism, the aforementioned wedge mechanism is located on the first side wall at 35 at least one window which is an opening provided and located within said window It must contain at least a compression header, the window must contain a first angled surface, compression 3 the fact that the title includes a second angled surface that contacts the first angled surface mentioned, the first connected to the side wall and the compression head, the first one moves along the vertical axis. There is at least one compression that causes the first side wall and the second side wall to slide relative to each other. It includes a bolt. Thus, tilt adjustment can be made without the need for additional tools, as manufactured. and an easy-to-assemble fixing platform is presented. 5 A characteristic feature of a possible construction of the invention is that it extends along a horizontal axis on the first base. It must include at least one sled, and the second base must have at least one foot that fits into the aforementioned groove. It includes a second base that can be slid in a controlled manner over the first base. and a more stable structure can be obtained during assembly. 10 Another characteristic of a possible construction of the invention is that the cavity is located on the vertical axis of the first base. It must contain at least one protrusion to restrict its movement. Another possible configuration of the invention features the L-shaped body being inserted into the main channel by 15 After it is positioned, the height of the fixing platform can be adjusted. at least one height adjustment hole that allows a connecting element to pass through This allows the platform to adapt to different ground levels or facade features. It can be made height-adjustable to provide this. Another characteristic of a possible configuration of the invention is that the first side wall extends into the main canal. It includes a first zone and a second zone arranged in a specific order, the first zone and the second zone Each section contains a wedge mechanism. This allows the panel to be secured at both the top and bottom. This ensures compression in the regions and an even distribution even in large panels. Stabilization is achieved. 25 Another possible configuration of the invention features one of the wedge mechanisms. its window and compression head are at different heights on the vertical axis relative to each other. This is because the panel is positioned in a way that allows it to receive pressure from different levels. The risk of fracture is reduced and the compressive force is distributed more homogeneously. 30 Another possible configuration of the invention features the L-shaped body, with the first base forming the main channel. It must include at least one lighting mounting channel on the surface facing the base. This allows for fixing. with a lighting system to be integrated into the platform, around the railing panel Aesthetic and functional lighting can be provided. The mounting channel for this lighting is 35 This facilitates the assembly process. 4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows a representative cross-sectional view of the fixing platform. Figure 2 shows a representative top view of the fixing platform. 5 Figure 3 shows a representative side view of the L-shaped fuselage. Figure 4 shows a representative side view of the cradle. Figure 5 shows a representative isometric view of the L-shaped body. Figure 6 shows a representative isometric view of the cradle. Figure 7 shows a representative top view of the cradle. 15 Figure 8 shows a representative front view of the cradle. Figures 9 and 10 show representative isometric views of the compression head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This detailed explanation of the invention does not merely aim to improve understanding of the subject matter; it does not contain any other information. This is explained with examples that will not create a limiting effect. Figure 1 shows a representative cross-section view of the fixing platform (10) which is the subject of the invention. It is given. The mentioned fixing platform (10) is a panel (100) on a building. It is structured for fixing. The panel mentioned (100) is essentially a railing panel (100) and is usually made of glass material. The fixing platform (10) of the panel (100) It includes a U-shaped main channel (20) that is firmly connected to the ground where it will be fixed. 30 The fixing platform (10) includes an L-shaped frame (30) and a cradle (50). Figures 3-8 Various views of the L frame (30) and the cradle (50) are given. The cradle (50) is the L frame (30) It sits on it. Accordingly, the L body (30) includes a first base (31); cradle (50), It includes a second base (51) and the second base (51) is 35 on the first base (31). It is positioned. L body (30) and cradle (50), panel (100) on the vertical axis (z) It has extensions that extend along the vertical axis (z) to support it. The first in the L body (30) A first side wall (32) extends upwards from the base (31) along the vertical axis (z). The cradle (50) is a second base (51) extending upwards from the second base (z) on the vertical axis. It has a side wall (52). Here, the expression “vertical axis (z)” refers to the fixing. It is an axis perpendicular to the building floor to which the platform (10) is fixed. With the defined structures, essentially L body (30) and cradle (50) parts are parts that have an L shape. 5 of the L body (30) There is at least one height adjustment hole (33) on the first base (31). Height adjustment The hole (33) is a hole through which a connecting element can be passed. Checking the height of the fastening platform (10) by checking the passing fastener. It can be changed. For this purpose, the connector is passed through the height adjustment hole (33). The amount by which the element protrudes from the hole in the direction of the main channel (20) is changed. Option 10 In the configuration shown, there are two height adjustment holes opposite each other, as also indicated in the figures. (33) is available. In this way, the fixing platform (10) is at the desired height and main It is also possible to mount the canal (20) at the desired slope in the direction of its extension. In other words, the two ends of the fixing platform (10) are the main channel (20) The height inside can be adjusted individually. 15 L body (30), on the face of the first base (31) facing the base of the main channel (20) at least one It includes a lighting mounting channel (34). The aforementioned lighting mounting channel (34), It is a sliding form (311) that allows LED strips to be placed inside. The light panel To enable the transition to the (100) side, 20 on the first base (31) and the second base (51). There are empty spaces. With this structure, the illuminated panels (100) that are in demand today To obtain it, a ready-made LED socket is provided on the fixing platform (10) and This creates the advantage of ease of assembly. While the panel (100) is fixed with the fixing platform (10), the panel (100) is 25 degrees with the vertical axis (z). The angle between them can be adjusted. This adjustment structure has the fixing platform (10) This is possible through a series of factors. There is at least one turning point (324) on the first side wall (32). Turning point (324) allows the inclination of the panel (100) to change when it rests against the first side wall (32). It gives. For this purpose, the turning point (324) is essentially from the first side wall (32) to the panel. (100) a ridge line containing the apex of a bulge form that makes a straight projection (312) In other words, the first side wall (32) has at least one of the vertical axis (z) between It includes two surfaces that extend at an angle, the turning point (324), these two surfaces It is located at the intersection. This structure is created by manually pushing the panel (100) along a horizontal axis (x) or 35 By pulling, the panel (100) rotates around the pivot point (324) and its tilt 6 This allows for adjustment. The horizontal axis (x) mentioned here is the vertical axis (z). and is an axis perpendicular to the direction of extension of the main canal (20). For slope adjustment, the second base (51) slides horizontally along the axis (x) on the first base (31). It is able to make the movement. There is at least one foot (511) on the second base (51), cradle 5 There is at least one cradle (311) on (50). Cradle (50) is connected to the L body (30). The foot (511) mentioned is placed inside the sled (311) mentioned. The sled (311) holds the foot. (511) to enable sliding movement on the horizontal axis (x) (x) is a structure that extends. There is at least one protrusion (312) on the sled (311). Thanks to the protrusion (312), the L body (30), that is essentially the foot (511) part, slide (311) 10 unwanted exit from inside with a movement along the vertical axis (z) is prevented. In the preferred configuration, L body (30) as shown in the figures. It contains two legs (511), one on each opposite side, cradle (50), It contains two slides (311), one on each opposite side. In this way A more stable shear structure is provided along the horizontal axis (x). 15 The platform includes at least one fixing tongue (512) and at least one tongue slot (323). Fixing The tongue (512) is located on the cradle (50), the tongue socket (323), the first side of the L body (30) It is located on the wall (32). When the assembly is carried out, the fixing tongue (512) is in the tongue socket. (323) is located inside. The fixing tongue (512) has at least one adjustment slot (512.1) 20 It is located. However, the platform is the most accessible through the aforementioned adjustment slot (512.1). It contains a small fixing bolt (60). After manual adjustment, the fixing bolt (60) when squeezed, prevents the movement of the second base (51) on the first base (31). and provides locking. In the preferred configuration, at least one fixing hole (313) on the first base (31) It is available. The fixing bolt (60) passing through the adjustment slot (512.1) is the aforementioned fixing. When it enters the hole (313), it prevents the movement on the horizontal axis (x). There is at least one sliding clearance (512.2) on the fixing tongue (512). Sliding 30 There is a sliding guide (70) in the gap (512.2), the aforementioned sliding guide (70) It can perform sliding movement in the horizontal axis (x) within the shear gap (512.2). The sliding guide (70) also has a bolt hole (71) through which the fixing bolt (60) can pass. It includes. 35 The adjustment socket (512.1) has a longitudinal form (II). The longitudinal form (II) is the adjustment its socket (512.1) is not a round hole; it has an elliptical, rectangular-like shape 7 It defines. In other words, the hole of the adjustment slot (512.1) on the horizontal axis (x) It defines that its length must be wider than the diameter of the threaded portion of the bolt. This Thanks to the structure, when the cradle (50) slides on the L frame (30) the fixing bolt (60) each In this condition, it can reach the fixing hole (313) on the first base (31). This is sliding bolt hole (71) on guide (70) but fixing bolt (60) 5 there must be a round hole of a size that can pass through and the sliding guide (70) guide sliding This is possible by sliding within the gap (512.2). Longitudinal Thanks to form (II), the fixing bolt (60) remains fixed on the horizontal axis (x) while the first base (31) It can slide along the horizontal axis (x). This sliding movement is accompanied by the sliding guide. (70) sliding movement in the guide sliding gap (512.2) on the horizontal axis (x) 10 Thanks to this, the concentricity of the bolt hole (71) and the fixing hole (313) is maintained. is happening. Sliding guide (70) for stopping the movement of the cradle (50) on the L frame (30), Pressing the fixing tongue (512) towards the ceiling of the tongue socket (323) and tightening 15 This provides the bolt hole (71) through which the fixing bolt (60) is passed. It is a properly tapped hole. In other words, inside the bolt hole (71). The fixing bolt (60) has a thread suitable for it. Thus, the fixing bolt (60) is vertical. When the fixing tongue (512) is moved along the axis (z) so that it approaches the first base (31), the tongue It is squeezed inside its housing (323). Again, in order to ensure this compression, the first side 20 There is a bearing surface on the wall (32) where the head of the bolt sits. The hole in this surface allows the threaded body of the bolt to pass through, however The bolt head has a larger diameter than this hole. This bearing surface... The hole is concentric with the fixing hole (313) on the vertical axis (z). After the fixing platform (10) is placed on the panel (100) and the desired angle is given manually then the panel (100) is compressed between the first side wall (32) and the second side wall (52) It includes at least one wedge mechanism (40) for fixing. The wedge mechanism (40), It is located on the first side wall (32). The wedge mechanism (40) has at least one window (41) and at least one compression header located within the aforementioned window (41) 30 (42) includes. In the preferred configuration, the fixing platform (10) L body (30) a first zone (321) and includes a second region (322). The first region (321) and the second region (322) are the first side It defines two side areas of the wall (32). The first area (321) and the second area (322) are the main 35 The canal (20) is arranged along its length. The first region (321) and the second region (322) there is a wedge mechanism (40) for each of them. Here the first zone (321) and 8 The window (41) and compression header (42) of one of the second regions (322) are vertical relative to the other. It is positioned at a different height on the axis (z). Thanks to this structure, the panel (100), compressed from below with one of the wedge mechanisms (40) and from above with one of the wedge mechanisms This makes it possible. This results in a more precise compression structure. This pair Thanks to the mechanism, balance and 5 are especially important when mounting long or wide panels (100). High efficiency is achieved in terms of fixation. The panel (100) from different levels Compression provides an even pressure distribution across the panel (100), resulting in a more robust creating an assembly and reducing the risk of breakage in delicate materials such as glass. This structure makes it possible. In addition, the position of the panel (100) after tilt adjustment. 10. It helps to keep it stable and prevents loosening that may occur over time. is happening. In the wedge mechanism (40) the window (41) contains a first angled surface (411), compression The header (42) includes a second angled surface (421). The compression header (42) is in the window (41), The first angled surface (411) and the second angled surface (421) will be in contact with each other. It is located. Each wedge mechanism (40) contains a compression bolt (43). The compression bolt (43) is connected to the first side wall (32) and the compression cap (42). Angular surfaces when the clamping bolt (43) is moved back and forth on the vertical axis (z). they slide over each other and as a result the compression head (42) The body protrudes to the desired size on the second side wall (52) on the vertical axis (z) 20 It does so. With this structure, the first side wall (32) and the second side wall (52) of the panel (100) The amount of compression between them can be adjusted to the desired level. The wedge structure described in the fixing platform (10) is a panel that can be easily disassembled. (100) provides assembly. In case of assembly error or removal of glass 25 In any situation requiring it, the compression bolt (43) must be released to free the glass. Simply rotating it in the opposite direction is sufficient. On the fixing platform (10) the first base (31) and the second base (51) are in contact with each other The surfaces have a flat form (I). Flat form (I) means that these surfaces have no curvature, curve or 30 This refers to the fact that it has a planar structure without any angled surfaces. This structure thanks to the second base (51), the first base (31) moves back and forth on the horizontal axis (x) on the horizontal axis (x). It can perform a linear sliding motion in one direction. Flat surfaces, curved surfaces. It eliminates alignment and balance problems encountered on surfaces, and improves the production process. It simplifies and makes it easier to keep part tolerances under control. Also 35 flat surfaces, fixing applied between the second base (51) and the first base (31) This allows the force to be distributed evenly across the surface, making it as fragile as glass. 9 It is possible to obtain a more secure and stable structure in the assembly of the panels (100). This is achieved by choosing the flat form (I), which improves the overall durability of the system and The user-friendliness is being enhanced, and the simplicity of the design is appreciated by both the manufacturer and the assembly team. It offers significant advantages in this regard. According to the structure described above, the fixing platform (10) of the invention functions as follows: It fulfills: First, the mounting position of the panel (100) on the fixing platform (10). It is determined. Panel (100) is located on the second base (51) on the cradle (50). After being placed, the second base (51) has flat surfaces on the first base (31). The angle that the panel (100) makes with the vertical axis (z) by sliding it along the horizontal axis (x). It can be adjusted manually, without the need for any auxiliary devices. The user moves the panel (100) back and forth manually around the pivot point (324). to enable it to rotate and thus the tilt of the panel (100) to the condition of the ground or architectural 15 They can easily determine preferences accordingly. This takes place on flat surfaces. This movement allows for both precise and controllable angle adjustment. It recognizes this adjusted slope with the help of the fixing tongue (512) and fixing bolt (60). It is locked by fixing the second base (51) to the first base (31). The bolt, adjustment It passes through its socket (512.1) and fits into the fixing hole (313) on the first base (31) and 20 When compressed, it creates a pulling force along the vertical axis, horizontally between the two bases. It prevents movement and ensures that the tilt angle of the panel (100) is fixed. After the panel (100) is fixed at the desired angle of inclination, the first side wall of the platform The wedge mechanisms (40) located on (32) are activated. Wedge 25 The compression head (42) located in the mechanisms (40) is moved along the vertical axis (z). It slides on angled surfaces by means of the compression bolt (43) and the second side of the head This causes the panel (100) to protrude towards the wall (52). With this movement, the panel (100) It is compressed between the first side wall (32) and the second side wall (52), thus providing a secure Stabilization is achieved. 30 The modular and adjustable structure of the platform both simplifies the assembly process and This increases the durability of the system in long-term use. Removal of the panel (100) If necessary or if an error occurs during assembly, only the compression bolts (43) By rotating it in the opposite direction, the panel (100) can be released, thus allowing for quick and damage-free operation. 35 Disassembly without any issues is possible. Thanks to its flat surface structure, fixing is possible. The connections between the elements and the bases become more durable during production. Tolerance issues are minimized, and the overall reliability of the system is increased. This structural... The fixing platform (10) with adjustment offers the user a quick and flexible mounting option. It offers both aesthetics, durability and safety, which are expected from glass railing systems. It meets all technical requirements. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the claims attached hereto, and these details are strictly adhered to. The explanation cannot be limited to those given for illustrative purposes. Because a technically skilled person... the person, without deviating from the main theme of the invention, in light of what has been described above, similar It is clear that these structures can emerge. 11 REFERENCE NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE FIGURE Fixing Platform Main Channel 5 L Body 31 First Base 311 Sleds 312 Projection 10 313 Fixing Holes 32 First Side Wall 321 First District 322 Second District 323 Language Hub 15 324 Turning Points 33 Height Adjustment Holes 34 Lighting Mounting Channels 40 Wedge Mechanism 20 41 Windows 411 First Angled Surface 42 Compression Head 421 Second Angled Surface 43 Compression Bolts 25 50 Cradles 51 Second Base 511 Feet 512 Fixing Language 30 512.1 Adjustment Slot 512.2 Sliding Clearance 52 Second Side Wall 60 Fixing Bolts 35 70 Sliding Guide 12 71 Bolt Holes 100 Panel (z) Vertical Axis 5 (x) Horizontal Axis (I) Flat Form (II) Longitudinal Form

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. The invention describes the design of railing panels (100) in buildings that extend along a vertical axis (o). The feature of the panel is that it has a fixing platform (10) for mounting to the floor; (100) A U-shaped main channel that is fixed to the ground where it will be mounted 5 (20) includes, a first base (31) and vertical axis that sits inside the aforementioned main channel (20). (z) to include an L body (30) with a first side wall (32) extending, The panel is placed on the first base (31) of the mentioned L body (30) and on which the panel is placed (100) placed on a second base (51) and a second side extending on the vertical axis (z) 10 It includes a cradle (50) piece with a wall (52), It is possible to manually adjust the angle between the panel (100) and the vertical axis (z). to give the faces of the first base (31) and the second base (51) facing each other having a flat form (I) and the first base (31) on the second base (51), vertically 15 on a horizontal axis (x) perpendicular to the axis (z) and the axis along which the main channel (20) extends. its ability to slip, on the face of the first side wall (32) facing the panel (100), the first side of the panel (100) It includes a pivot point (324) around which it rotates while leaning against the wall (32), When panel (100) is brought to the desired angle, an adjustment on the second base (51) 20 passes through its socket (512.1) and into a fixing hole (313) on the first base (31) by connecting the second base (51) on the first base (31) on the horizontal axis (x) It must contain at least one fixing bolt (60) that prevents sliding movement, The first side wall (32) contains a tongue socket (323), on the cradle (50) It contains a fixing tongue (512) which fits into the aforementioned tongue socket (323), The adjustment slot (512.1) must be on the aforementioned fixing tongue (512), 25 a sliding gap in the part of the fixing tongue (512) facing the first base (31) (512.2) includes the aforementioned shear gap (512.2) and is located within it. It can slide along the horizontal axis (x) and has a bolt hole on it. (71) containing a sliding guide (70) through which the fixing passes, The fixing bolt (60) of the bolt hole (71) of the mentioned sliding guide (70) is vertical 30 As the fixing tongue (512) is advanced along the axis (z) so that it approaches the first base (31) a guide is drawn to be able to clamp it in the vertical axis inside the tongue socket (323) having holes, the second adjustment slot (512.1) through which the fixing bolt (60) passes To allow the base (51) to move along the vertical axis (z), a longitudinal 35 having form (II), 14 on the first side wall (32), the panel (100) with the first side wall (32) and the second side at least one wedge mechanism to ensure it is clamped between the wall (52) (40) includes, a wedge mechanism (40) is provided on the first side wall (32) at least one window with an opening (41) and 5 inside the mentioned window (41) It must contain at least one compression header (42) located in the area. The window (41) contains a first angled surface (411), the compression head (42) a second angled surface (421) that contacts the first angled surface (411) mentioned including, Connected to the first side wall (32) and the compression head (42), on the vertical axis (z) 10 When it moves, the first side wall (32) and the second wall (52) relative to each other It contains at least one compression bolt (43) that allows them to slide.

2. According to claim 1, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by being on the first base (31). It must contain at least one slide (311) extending along the horizontal axis (x), the second base (51) 15 It contains at least one foot (511) that fits into the mentioned sled (311).

3. According to claim 1, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by; the sled, the first base (31) at least one protrusion to restrict its movement on the vertical axis (z) (312) It includes. 20 4. According to claim 1, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by; L body (30), main channel (20) after being placed inside the fixing platform (10) height adjustment for this to be possible, at least one that allows a connecting element to pass through It includes a height adjustment hole (33). 25 5. According to claim 1, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by; the first side wall (32) a first region (321) and a second region arranged along the extension of the main canal (20). It includes region (322), each of the first region (321) and the second region (322) It includes a wedge mechanism (40). 30 6. According to claim 5, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by; wedge mechanisms. (40) one of the windows (41) and the compression header (42) are vertical relative to the other It is positioned at different heights on the axis (z). 35 7. According to claim 1, a fixing platform (10) is characterized by; the first of the L body (30). At least one lighting installation on the face of the base (31) facing the base of the main channel (20). It includes channel (34).

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