REAL-TIME DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH INTERNET OF THINGS-BASED MULTIPLE SENSOR NETWORKS IN MARINE VESSELS

Abstract

The invention is an Internet of Things-based multi-sensor network and real-time data collection and management system that enables the transmission of data from engine, fuel, battery, pump, water, and pressure systems in marine vessels to a central control unit with embedded processor architecture via a wired and wireless sensor network; the recording and analysis of this data in a timestamped format; the execution of event-based automated actions when defined threshold values ​​are exceeded; the transfer of data to a cloud environment via a secure communication infrastructure; and features such as remote updating, energy management, and authentication, ensuring the system's long-term, stable, secure, and energy-efficient operation.

Description

INTERNET OF THINGS-BASED MULTIPLE SENSORS IN MARINE VESSELS REAL-TIME DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM VIA NETWORK Technical Area The invention relates to marine electronics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and embedded systems. systems, wireless sensor networks, data analytics and control engineering fields It is related, especially to fuel tanks, engine systems, and pumps found in marine vessels. electrical systems such as power lines, battery banks, clean water and bilge systems Data obtained from measurable and monitorable subcomponents, wireless data is collected via a sensor network and this data is then transmitted to an embedded system-based main unit. processed, analyzed and delivered to the user via cloud computing infrastructure. design and implementation of a system that enables its presentation in real time It is directed towards. The Invention's Infrastructure Current techniques in the field of remote monitoring and management of marine vessels have been developed for a long time. It has been in use for a long time, but only a limited number of early systems The parameter is measured and the data is transmitted to the user over the network. These systems... mostly simple functions such as position, battery status, or pump control. It includes, but not limited to, multi-sensor fusion, wired and wireless communication. Interoperability in architecture, advanced features such as local and cloud-based simultaneous analytics It does not cover the functions. Furthermore, manufacturer-dependent structures and different sensor types are involved. It restricts additions and reduces expandability. Technical literature also discusses Internet of Things-based data for maritime environments. IoT-based data analytics, energy storage management, and fault prediction, among others. The issues have been examined. However, there are communication protocols specific to marine vessels. Security vulnerabilities in NMEA 2000 and CAN-based networks include addressing errors or data issues. Studies on integrity vulnerabilities have made it impossible to fully secure these systems. It is unable to provide this. Although existing systems successfully perform certain sub-functions... 1. wired (e.g., NMEA 2000, CAN, RS-485) and 2. wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, low power) (consumer-based short-range networks) integration of communication within the same architecture, time-synchronous Enabling simultaneous analytics in the cloud through data fusion and on-premises preprocessing. Its features cannot yet be fully offered in an integrated system. This invention represents a new and improved architecture aimed at addressing these shortcomings. The invention demonstrates that wired and wireless sensor networks can be integrated into the same system. integrated, data streams managed with timestamps, A secure, bidirectional connection between the local processing unit (edge ​​unit) and the cloud. It has a structure that provides delay-free data transmission. Thus, in marine vessels Motor, battery, fuel, pump, water tanks, air and pressure sensors, radar and alarm. Data from different sources, such as modules, are collected from a single center for holistic analysis. An analysis can be performed. The system also includes an embedded operating system that runs at the local layer. specifically between the operating system) and the central cloud-based data management infrastructure. It provides synchronization through a developed protocol. This protocol is classical. Latency, data loss, or security vulnerabilities observed in Internet of Things systems It is designed to prevent this. Data transfer uses secure tunnel protocols (e.g. Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Hardware Identification This is done through secure elements. In terms of energy efficiency, the system is a low-power communication system. The protocols utilize intelligent sleep modes and adaptive data transmission strategies. Sensor nodes only transmit data when certain threshold values ​​are exceeded. It minimizes energy consumption. Thus, the system can operate for extended periods in a marine environment. It becomes stable and suitable for autonomous operation. The invention offers the following technical advantages over existing solutions: • Heterogeneous sensor integration: Analog, digital, wired and wireless. The ability for sensors to work together on the same network. 2 • Time-synchronous data fusion: All data in timestamped form. recorded and analyzed. • Local-cloud hybrid architecture: High-security cloud with latency-free local processing. Presenting the analytics together. • Event-based control: Automatically activates when critical parameters are exceeded. ability to perform an action. • Energy efficiency and long sensor lifespan. • High cybersecurity through embedded security infrastructure and hardware authentication. security level. • Modular and scalable equipment structure allows for the development of everything from small boats to fleets. Wide range of applications, including management systems. In these respects, the invention goes beyond classic maritime tracking systems, providing both real-time information. monitoring and predictive maintenance, performance optimization and an integrated maritime data management platform that provides autonomous decision support. It defines it. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood as such, and therefore the evaluation will be based on these forms and details. This should be done taking the explanation into consideration. Detailed Description of the Invention This detailed explanation describes the invention as an Internet of Things-based system for marine vessels. It relates to a real-time data collection and management system using a multi-sensor network, purely for the purpose of better understanding the subject and without any limiting influence. It is explained in a way that will not create a problem. The invention in question; • collecting data from all sensors on the marine vessel, embedded systems that perform sampling, error checking, and incident detection. A central hub built on a 3-processor architecture, with multi-interface support. control unit, • physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, current and voltage low power wireless sensor nodes that enable measurement, • Bidirectional data transfer between wired and wireless communication layers by enabling the addition of new sensors to the existing backbone. a wireless bridge unit, • synchronous processing of data from all sensors and different It enables measurements from various sources to be combined into a single dataset. a data fusion and time synchronization software, • enables secure data transmission and authentication between devices, a secure system structured with encryption and hardware security infrastructure communication and authentication module, • Threshold values ​​for parameters such as temperature, pressure, or liquid level An event-based control module that initiates automatic actions if the event is exceeded. • From 12–24 volt direct current supply lines or solar panel systems a regulator of incoming energy, providing protection against energy fluctuations energy management unit • Remote firmware updates, version verification, and troubleshooting. a remote update that allows you to revert to the previous version in that case It consists of parts such as the version rollback infrastructure. The invention allows data from all sensors on marine vessels to be transmitted via both wired and cable connections. and its transmission to the central control unit via wireless network infrastructure, The data is processed and interpreted here, and critical threshold values ​​are exceeded. in this case, based on the principle of performing event-based automated actions It is based on the system also storing the collected data securely in the cloud. By enabling the transfer to a data management infrastructure based on real-time monitoring, both Maintenance planning, performance analysis, and fault prediction based on historical data. It performs its functions. The sensors on board the vessel measure temperature, pressure, liquid level, current, voltage, and fuel. quantity, engine speed, bilge water level, battery status and similar physical parameters It measures 4 quantities, and the signals received from these sensors are analog or digital. This is in the form of signals from the sensors, transmitted directly or via wired lines. It is transmitted indirectly to the central control unit via the wireless network. The central control unit is a multi-processor architecture (ARM-based) running on an embedded processor architecture. It has a hardware structure with an interface. This unit is both wired and wireless. It supports communication protocols simultaneously. In wired communication, NMEA 2000, CAN and RS-485 data buses; Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for wireless communication. and the low-power short-range communication protocol ESP-NOW is used. Also long Wide area coverage is achieved by supporting the long-range wireless communication (LoRa) protocol. This ensures the continuity of data transmission in marine environments requiring it. Thus, different types of Data from sensors and devices are integrated into a single common platform. The central control unit receives data from the sensors via a sampling circuit. It assigns a timestamp to each measurement value and performs Correction Checking (CRC). It applies the process. The obtained data is stored in temporary memory and processed by local processing algorithms. is evaluated. At this stage, the system uses predetermined threshold values. It makes comparisons; typical measurements include temperature, current, pressure, or liquid level. An event is triggered if an external situation is detected. This event is automatically triggered according to the system's status. It can trigger an action. For example, if the bilge water level rises, the pump will activate. activation, current if battery temperature reaches a critical level The alarm system is activated when a cut-off command is given or high pressure is detected. Processes such as activation are carried out within this scope. Wireless sensor nodes are designed to operate with low power consumption. Under normal operating conditions, it is in sleep mode, but at certain intervals or It wakes up and takes measurements when a data change is detected. This ensures energy efficiency. This ensures and extends the sensor battery life. When the measurement is complete, the obtained data error is recorded. It is processed and sent to the central control unit via the wireless network. The wireless communication protocols used in this process offer low latency and high performance. It is optimized to work with data integrity. Data flow between the wired and wireless networks is handled by the wireless bridge unit. It is managed. This bridge unit transmits data from wireless sensor nodes via a wired connection. NMEA 2000 transmits commands to the backbone line and, when necessary, receives commands from the wired network. It routes data to wireless nodes. This enables two-way data communication within the system, and This makes it easy to add new sensors to the system. All this data is processed by data fusion and time synchronization software. This software interprets the internal clock of each sensor using a central time protocol. Network Time Protocol (NTP) or hardware real-time clock (Real Time It synchronizes with the Clock (RTC). This allows for monitoring fuel consumption, engine speed, and battery voltage. And direct correlations can be established between interdependent parameters such as boat speed. The software aligns datasets on a timeline, enabling multi-source measurements. It ensures consistency, filters out erroneous or missing data points, and makes them suitable for analysis. It brings. Data security is ensured through end-to-end encryption. This applies across all devices. communication, transport layer security (TLS) or datagram with secure tunnel (Datagram Transport Layer Security – DTLS) protocols It is encrypted. Each device has a security key (secure element) embedded in the hardware. Identity verification is carried out through this process. In this way, the system prevents unauthorized access. It is protected against data intrusion and network manipulation. The event-based control module receives event signals from the central control unit. It initiates appropriate actions accordingly. Pump operation, alarm triggering or digital Operations such as generating switching output are performed at this stage. All actions, The system is classified according to its safe operating scenarios; emergency or fail-safe. In safe scenarios, the system primarily activates local control and then switches to the cloud. It performs the necessary operations without needing a connection. The energy management unit provides a constant and stable energy supply to all components of the system. 12 or from 24-volt direct current (DC) supply lines or solar panels Six-way currents are regulated through this unit. Overcurrent, short circuit, or voltage issues are addressed. In case of fluctuations, the protection circuits are activated. The energy management unit, It optimizes power distribution according to the energy profile of the sensor nodes and low power. It continues to operate with high energy consumption. In addition, the energy management unit utilizes solar energy sources. It protects the battery by regulating incoming fluctuating currents and enables the system to operate autonomously. It extends the working time. The software used in the system is updated remotely via an infrastructure. It can be updated. The new version verification process is done using signed firmware. This is done through; if verification fails, the system automatically reverts to the previous stable method. It reverts to the previous version. This eliminates the need for manual intervention in the field. and the continuous operation of the device is ensured. The collected data is stored both in local memory and in a cloud-based data management system. It is stored. Long-term performance tracking is enabled through analyses performed in the cloud environment. Determining fuel consumption trends, scheduling maintenance, and predicting failures. Predictive maintenance operations can be performed. Thanks to this integrated structure, the system differs from classic boat tracking systems. It not only reports data; it also makes sense of that data. It makes inferences, detects anomalies, generates automatic responses, and all this... It conducts the process in a safe, stable and energy-efficient manner. The procedure to be followed during the implementation of the invention is as follows: It consists of; • Initial system setup, sensor identification, parameter grouping Performing the PGN number mapping, calibration processes completion and configuration of the data communication topology, • Collection of analog or digital data from sensors, processing of the received data Sampling, timestamping each set of measurements, error checking (CRC) ensuring data integrity by implementing these measures. 7 • Pre-processing the collected data on the local processing unit, threshold monitoring values, detecting deviations, and taking action when necessary. creation, • Pump activation, alarm triggering, or digital response to generated events Automated execution of switching operations, • Transferring the collected data to the cloud system via a secure communication tunnel, Recording and analyzing historical data, • Remote updating of device firmware, verification of new versions and automatically reverting to the previous version in case of failed updates, • Activating local decision-making mechanisms in emergency and fail-safe scenarios obtaining it ensures the system operates securely without needing a remote connection. continuation, • Optimizing energy consumption, low power consumption of wireless sensor nodes switching to power mode, conducting periodic health checks and the system's energy Maintaining its resolve includes taking certain steps. The production method of the invention involves the mechanical, electrical, and control aspects of the system. In order to ensure its integrity, within the modular structure, including the following steps: is carried out; • During the system integration, calibration, and testing phase; sensor calibration. Determining the coefficients, establishing hardware-software integrated test setups, Performing data latency and packet loss measurements, event-based control. Verification of scenarios, energy consumption profile and thermal resistance tests the implementation ensures that the system operates stably and securely under all conditions. Verification at this stage also includes hardware-in-software integration testing (Hardware-in- Validation of event-based control scenarios by implementing the HIL (The Loop) and System stability is ensured. 8. Each request includes a reference number for the mentioned technical specifications, These reference numbers are used solely to facilitate understanding of the requests. Therefore, these are indicated with these reference numbers for illustrative purposes only. It should not be thought that any of the elements limit its scope. A technical expert can assess the novelty of the invention and similar structures. by using and / or this structure in the relevant technique It is clear that this can be applied to other fields with similar purposes. Therefore, such a the criteria for structures are innovation and especially exceeding the known state of the art. It is also obvious that he will be deprived of it. 9

Claims

1. The invention relates to an Internet of Things-based multi-sensor network in marine vessels. It relates to a real-time data collection and management system, and its features include: • collecting data from all sensors on the marine vessel, embedded systems that perform sampling, error checking, and incident detection. A central hub built on processor architecture, with multi-interface support. control unit, • physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, current and voltage low power wireless sensor nodes that enable measurement, • Bidirectional data transfer between wired and wireless communication layers by enabling the addition of new sensors to the existing backbone. a wireless bridge unit, • synchronous processing of data from all sensors and combining measurements from different sources into a single dataset a data fusion and time synchronization software, • enables secure data transmission and authentication between devices, a secure system structured with encryption and hardware security infrastructure communication and authentication module, • Threshold values ​​for parameters such as temperature, pressure, or liquid level an event-based control that initiates automated actions if exceeded module, • From 12–24 volt direct current supply lines or solar panels regulating the energy coming from the systems, protecting against energy fluctuations. an energy management unit that provides protection, • Remote firmware updates, version verification, and troubleshooting. a remote that allows you to revert to the previous version in that case The update and rollback infrastructure is characterized by its components. It is done.

2. Internet of Things-based multi-sensor network in marine vessels conforming to Claim 1. It relates to a real-time data collection and management system, and its features include: Wired communication in the central control unit includes NMEA 2000, CAN and RS-485. protocols for wireless communication include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and ESP- It includes NOW and long-range wireless communication (LoRa) protocols.

3. Internet of Things-based systems on marine vessels in accordance with Claim 1 or 2. Real-time data collection and management system with multiple sensor networks. Its feature is data fusion and time synchronization within the system. the software timestamps the data received from the sensors recording in this format and using the Network Time Protocol (NTP) with NTP) or hardware real-time clock (Real Time Clock – RTC) It involves synchronization.

4. Internet of Things-based multimedia systems on marine vessels conforming to Claims 1, 2 or 3. It relates to a real-time data collection and management system using a sensor network, Its feature provides end-to-end encryption during data transfer. Transport Layer Security (TLS) and datagram Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) based secure tunnel the use of protocols and hardware-based device authentication This involves carrying out the work with secure elements.

5. Internet of Things-based systems on marine vessels complying with Claims 1, 2, 3 or 4. Real-time data collection and management system with multiple sensor networks. Its characteristic feature is that the energy management unit handles the fluctuating energy coming from solar energy sources. It provides battery protection by regulating currents and the system is autonomous. This includes extending working hours.

6. Internet of Things-based systems on marine vessels conforming to Claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Real-time data collection and management system with multiple sensor networks. Its feature is that the threshold values ​​of the event-based control module are exceeded. in this case pump operation, alarm triggering or digital switching actions This includes starting it automatically.

7. Internet of Things on marine vessels conforming to Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. with a real-time data collection and management system based on a multi-sensor network. 11 are related and their feature is; signed software in the remote software update process. verification is performed and in case of failed updates, the system reverts to the previous version. This includes automatically reverting to the previous version.

8. The invention relates to an Internet of Things-based multi-sensor network in marine vessels. It is a real-time data collection and management method. • Initial system setup, sensor identification, parameters Performing group number (PGN) mapping, calibration completion of processes and configuration of data communication topology, • Collection of analog or digital data from sensors, processing of the received data Sampling, timestamping each measurement set, error checking. Ensuring data integrity by implementing (CRC), • Pre-processing the collected data on the local processing unit, threshold monitoring the values, detecting deviations and taking necessary actions creating an event, • pump activation, alarm triggering, or in response to generated events Automated execution of digital switching operations, • The collected data is transferred to the cloud system via a secure communication tunnel. transfer, recording and analyzing historical data, • Remote firmware updates, new version verification and in case of failed updates, it will automatically revert to the previous version. return • local decision-making mechanisms in emergency and fail-safe scenarios commissioning allows the system to operate securely without the need for remote connection. Continuing to operate in this manner, • Optimizing energy consumption, low-cost wireless sensor nodes switching to power mode, performing periodic health checks and the system Maintaining energy stability involves procedural steps.

9. Internet of Things-based multi-sensor systems in marine vessels compliant with Claim 8. It is a real-time data collection and management method via the network, and data collection At this step, timestamps are assigned to the signals from the sensors, CRC error The event triggering process is controlled by performing 12 checks and monitoring threshold values. It is characterized by its initiation.

10. Internet of Things-based multimedia systems in marine vessels compliant with Claims 8 and 9. It is a method of collecting and managing real-time data through a sensor network, and data the use of end-to-end encryption (TLS / DTLS) methods in transmission and authentication with hardware security elements It is characterized by its performance.

11. Internet of Things-based multimedia systems in marine vessels compliant with Claims 8, 9 and 10. It is a method of real-time data collection and management through a sensor network, for energy. In the management unit, the fluctuating currents from solar energy sources are regulated. characterized by the activation of the battery protection circuit. It is done. 13