PLASMA VISCOSITY AND URINE DENSITY MEASUREMENT DEVICE

Abstract

The invention relates to a device that measures both plasma viscosity and urine density from values ​​obtained by measuring the impedance of plasma and urine.

Description

1 TARIFF PLASMA VISCOSITY AND URINE DENSITY MEASUREMENT DEVICE TECHNICAL FIELD The invention is based on a method of measuring the impedance value of plasma and urine. with a device that measures both plasma viscosity and urine density from these values It is related. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Blood is a vital element for the survival of vertebrate animals. It is tissue. Blood, thanks to the pumping power of the heart, fills the vascular system. It circulates throughout the entire body. Blood tissue is physically composed of cellular elements within plasma. It consists of a suspension. It comprises approximately 40–50% of the blood by volume, mainly... a small cell composed of erythrocytes, which are biconcave discoid cells with an average diameter of 8 μm. 15% consists of other blood cells (leukocytes, platelets), and the remaining 50–55% is composed of 15 cells. It consists of plasma. The fluidity of this tissue depends primarily on the red blood cells, the plasma... It depends on its properties and the relationship between the two. Blood fluidity, all very as in multiphase fluids, the rheological properties of each phase and the ratio of two phases to each other These two phases are determined by the cellular elements of the blood and the plasma. Accordingly, Blood fluidity; plasma viscosity, hematocrit value, and rheological properties of blood cells. It is affected by their behavior. The ability of erythrocytes to change shape (deformability) and Reversible aggregation tendencies affect the fluidity of blood under different conditions. They play important roles in determining this. Viscosity is the ratio of a fluid's (blood's) flow rate (blood stream) to its flow rate at a given temperature. It is a measure of the resistance (shear stress) of a fluid. In other words, the surface tension of a fluid is 25. It is a measure of the resistance to deformation it exhibits under various conditions. There are different types of viscosity. Units have been used, the most common of which is numerically equal to centiPoise (cP). The viscosity of water at 20°C is 1.0 mPa.sec or 1.0 milliPa.sec; cP. Since flow conditions are variable, all fluids have an unchanging characteristic. They do not have viscosity. A fluid whose viscosity changes with flow conditions is called Non-30. A fluid whose viscosity does not change with flow conditions is called a Newtonian fluid. It is called a Newtonian fluid. When blood is evaluated from a rheological point of view, it is a non-Newtonian fluid. It is defined as a fluid. In non-Newtonian fluids, shear rate and shear force are related. The relationship between them is not linear and fluid viscosity depends on shear rate. 2 It changes (Figure 1). As the shear rate increases, the blood viscosity decreases, but the shear rate... After the blood speed reaches the value it has in major arteries (100-400 sec-1), the blood... It is stated that it exhibits Newtonian behavior. That is, the fluidity of blood is shear. It becomes independent of its speed (Figure 1). Plasma and distilled water, however, are Newtonian fluids. So its viscosity does not change with flow conditions. But the plasma content, i.e., protein 5 Increases in density (e.g., fibrinogen) directly lead to an increase in plasma viscosity. Why does that happen? Under conditions of high blood flow velocity (in arteries), erythrocyte deformability in the blood It is among the key factors determining its viscosity. If the flow slows down... (In the veins), the forces acting on the cells decrease and the tendency for clustering becomes more prominent. 10 It emerges. The formation of erythrocyte aggregates increases viscosity under these conditions. Laminar cellular elements that increase resistance between liquid layers under flow conditions The proportional amount is one of the primary factors determining the fluidity of this two-phase liquid. There is an exponential relationship between hematocrit value and blood viscosity. Plasma Because it serves as a suspension medium for cellular elements in the blood, 15 A change in fluidity is directly reflected in blood viscosity. Distilled water Its viscosity is considered to be 1 centiPoise (cP), and normal plasma viscosity is at 37 °C. It is approximately 1.5 times that of water (having a value between 1.5-2.0 cP), but Higher values ​​may be observed in disease states. Whole blood viscosity, on the other hand... Its viscosity is approximately 3-4 times that of water (4.0-5.3 cp). In general, plasma 20 Viscosity is a non-specific marker of the disease process and is associated with acute phase reactions. It increases in related pathophysiological conditions. This increase is closely related to the protein content of the plasma. It shows a relationship. Acute phase reactants such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulins affect disease. This significantly contributes to the increase in plasma viscosity during the process. The kidneys remove waste products, excess minerals, and excess water from the body. The fluid that the body produces to eliminate waste is called urine. Urine is approximately 95% water; the remaining amount is... The remaining portion consists of inorganic salts and organic substances such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, etc. It is formed. The term density refers to the concentration of a substance. Urine Density tests are routinely measured in almost all healthcare facilities. Urine density test is among them. It is used in some diseases (dehydration, diabetes, kidney 30 This test is frequently used for conditions such as urinary tract insufficiency, urinary tract infections, etc. A normal result on this test... Its limits are between 1002-1300. When the kidneys do not function normally or When dehydrated, an increase in density occurs. In such cases, red blood appears in the urine. The cells, white blood cells, proteins, sugars, epithelial cells, or bacteria may be present. 3 In this situation, an increase in the concentration of urine occurs. The same applies to the plasma content. if proteins increase or if blood cells are present in the plasma, such as an increase in the density (viscosity) of the plasma. Blood viscosity is usually measured at a constant temperature using a rotational viscometer. It is measured with viscometers; a blood sample is chemically treated to prevent clotting. The blood is collected in a syringe or tube containing anticoagulant. The blood flows in a non-Newtonian stream. Since it is a suspension, its fluidity cannot be defined by a single viscosity value. Rotating Viscometers measure viscosity across a range of shear stresses (or shear rates). It allows measurement and provides a flow or viscosity curve for a blood sample. 100 to 200 At high shear rates above s-1, the viscosity of normal blood measured at 37 ºC is 10 It is approximately 4 to 5 cP and is relatively insensitive to further increases in slip. Viscosity becomes more sensitive to shear forces below 100 s-1 and It increases exponentially as the shear rate decreases. Nominal viscosity for normal blood. The values ​​are approximately 10 cp at 10 sec-1, approximately 20 cp at 1 sec-1, and approximately at 0.1 sec-1. It is 100 cp. Therefore, at lower shear rates, blood viscosity is shear 15 It becomes extremely sensitive to decreases in its strength. Viscometers are used to measure the viscosity and flow properties of liquids (fluids). It is a tool used for measuring viscosity. Among the various viscometer methodologies, viscosity is measured using various methods. There are two different ways it can be expressed: kinematic viscosity and absolute viscosity. Both... The fundamental difference between them is that kinematic viscosity is the amount of fluid subjected to gravity, which is 20 The resistance to flow is measured by observation, while absolute viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. through a capillary or the movement of an object in a fluid, externally and controlled. It is the measurement of a substance's resistance to flow under a force by observing it. Kinematics Viscosity is reported in centistoce (cSt), but absolute viscosity is given in centipoise (cP). It is reported in terms of. 25 Various types of viscometers are used for hemorheological (measuring blood and plasma viscosity). (for) studies, it has been developed and used (e.g., capillary, falling ball, (rotary). Until the early 1960s, most viscometers were of the capillary type and certain It was based on the principle of measuring the flow rate through a glass tube of certain dimensions (Ostwald, Ubbelohde Capillary Viscometers). In capillary viscometers (Glass Capillary 30 Viscometer; the main apparatus used in capillary viscometer testing, generally "U" shaped. It is a glass tube that is shaped like this and is therefore commonly called a U-tube), pressure gradient (i.e., by two vertical tubes filled with liquid at unequal heights) (pressure difference created along the tube) and therefore the flow decreases over time. The sample, 4 a series that makes it difficult to define a single shear rate at which a specific viscosity is measured It is subjected to shear rate. For these reasons, simple U-tube capillary viscometers It is generally not suitable for absolute measurements of non-Newtonian whole blood viscosity. However, these relatively inexpensive viscometers often measure plasma and serum viscosities. It was used to determine serum and plasma viscosity. Standard 5 for measuring serum and plasma viscosity. The well-known Harkness tube viscometer and its successor Coulter, which are proposed as methods. Unfortunately, the Viscometer II tube viscometer is no longer manufactured. It was a capillary viscometer. The working principle of a viscometer is based on measuring a well-defined pressure difference under a specific pressure difference. It is based on measuring the flow rate of the liquid through a capillary tube; at a constant temperature, the flow rate increases. It decreases with viscosity. From time-dependent pressure gradient and flow data 10 A new computerized tube viscometer that calculates viscosity-shear ratio data. (RheologTM) is under development. In a falling ball and falling piston viscometer The basic concept used is a steel or glass ball in a vertical tube filled with a sample. The purpose is to measure the time it takes for a ball to travel a certain distance. The speed of the ball is measured in terms of the time it takes for the liquid to travel a certain distance. It depends on its density and viscosity, and calculating the shear rate is difficult and constant. It is not: the faster the ball moves, the higher its sliding speed. Accurate measurement of viscosity requires proper calibration and a known sample. Density is important. This method is used in fluids such as non-Newtonian whole blood. It cannot be used, but plasma, serum or any other simple fluid (e.g. sugar 20) can be used. These solutions can be used for (some polymer solutions). Apart from these, Vibratory Viscometer (measures the vibration damping of a probe in a liquid), Ultrasonic. Viscometer (measures using sound waves), Electro-Microfluidic Viscometer (measures the electrical conductivity or time of a fluid passing through microchannels) (measures), Bubble Viscometer (measures the time it takes for an air bubble to rise in a liquid (25 seconds)) (measures time), Cup and Bob Viscometer (measures the distance between a rotating ball and a stationary cup) (such as fluid shear, which measures the resistance to flow) They are found in viscometers. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (whole blood, serum, and plasma) The most common and reliable device for measuring viscosity is the Rotary Viscometer. 30 (Rotational Viscometers). The basic feature of a rotary viscometer is that it inserts a probe into the liquid. It features a rotating apparatus called a submerged shaft. The rotating shaft The torque applied to it is then used to measure the fluid's resistance to flow. Rotation The sensitivity and accuracy of viscometers depend largely on the torque measurement system and This depends on the correct rotational speeds. This measurement is not of the gravitational force, but of the internal shear of the fluid. Since it involves a function of tension, the rotary viscometer measures the absolute value of the liquid. It calculates viscosity. A common type of this viscometer is the Brookfield. It is called a viscometer. The most common type is the cone-plate type. Viscometers are used for whole blood and plasma, which have low viscosity values. 5 In rotary viscometers, the sample is placed between two surfaces, one static and the other rotating at various speeds. It is cut in a narrow gap between them, thus producing specific sliding speeds. Usually The stress generated on the static surface is measured and the viscosity is expressed as shear stress / shear rate. It is used in calculations, but some devices (e.g., cone-plate) rotate. It measures the stress on the element. Both plate-to-plate and cone-to-plate geometries can be used. 10 The cone-plate configuration ensures that the entire sample is subjected to the same shear rate. This geometry ensures that the velocity difference between the two surfaces increases towards the perimeter, but The distance between them also increases, so the velocity gradient or shear rate of the sample increases. This ensures that it remains stable throughout. Another method frequently used in rotary viscometers. The geometry consists of two coaxial cylinders, one stationary and the other rotating (i.e., the Couette system). 15 This occurs. Although the smoothness of the shear area is less than in cone-plate geometry. (i.e., the change in the gap between the cylinders is proportional to the square of the radius ratio), large minimizing cutting speed variations for an internal radius - gap width ratio And it can be said that blood viscosity is not significantly affected. Both cone-plate and... Measurements made using Couette geometries were performed with air and blood or plasma 20 the interface between them can form a "surface film" and this can affect the result It is stated that, in addition, both move away from the top surface on a cone-plate. or causing displacement from both cylindrical surfaces in a Couette device It can be affected by erythrocyte aggregation and alter the results. Recently, electrical properties of blood samples or plasma have been analyzed. 25 (capacitance, impedance, conductivity, permeability) and thus new methods and / or devices Studies are being conducted, particularly regarding blood or respiratory levels during and after the Covid-19 period. Studies for the rapid detection of pathogenic viruses or bacteria in plasma. These studies were conducted using the microorganisms mentioned above, as well as New approaches have been explored for measuring plasma viscosity. Because the disease is 30 Significant increases in plasma viscosity occur during these processes. Some of these studies... among them; Electro-Microfluidic Viscometer (fluid passing through microchannels) (measures electrical conductivity or duration), Optoelectronics (Photodiode-Infrared) Radiation (IR) can be included. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (specific 6 to demonstrate the presence of matter in a liquid and / or by using electrical waves In studies involving measuring the amount, bacteria and viruses are detected and plasma protein is measured. Due to this increase, the plasma viscosity determination method is used. Urine density is usually measured using a refractometer or hydrometer. This is done using a hydrometer to measure the specific gravity of a solution (e.g., urine) in the liquid it is placed in. It measures according to how high it floats in the water. A refractometer, on the other hand, measures aqueous solutions. It is used to measure concentrations. A few drops of liquid are placed on the prism. After dropping the drops, point the refractometer towards the light source and measure the intensity through the binoculars. The amount is read (manual measurement). Urine density is usually the density of distilled water. It is compared with the density and measures the refractive index of the solid particles in the sample. 10 (Digital measurement). How many solid particles (protein, cells, bacteria, etc.) are in the urine. If it has a high refractive index, then its density will be higher. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on 15 obtained by measuring the impedance (Z) value of plasma and urine. with a device that measures both plasma viscosity and urine density from these values It is related to the calculation of values ​​starting from the measurement made with our invention. Approximately 15 seconds pass between these steps, and the technology is compared to systems in the known state of the technology. According to him, it gives results quite quickly. Viscometers are used in industry to measure the quality of paints, adhesives, oils, and cosmetics. control, determining the flow properties of syrups and gels in pharmaceuticals, in the food industry Testing the flow properties of sauces and dairy products, chocolate, jelly and similar products. Quality control of products, examination of polymers, colloids and biological fluids, mechanical and countless fields such as engineering, petrochemicals, construction materials, and fluid dynamics. In addition to its use in the field, it is also used in the health sector to reduce the viscosity of blood and plasma by 25. It is also used in measurement and disease diagnosis. Plasma viscosity measurement is not directly used in clinical settings (disease). In this case, increased viscosity due to increased plasma proteins indicates the disease. (provides healthcare professionals with quick information about the course of events) but research It is a parameter used in laboratories. However, it increases acutely in disease states. 30 Phase reactants, infection (inflammation) indicators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), etc. It is measured in almost all healthcare facilities, large or small. CRP increase This leads to an increase in plasma viscosity, especially in research laboratories with limited resources. Due to their resources, they have access to devices that measure plasma viscosity. 7 It is costly. With the device that is the subject of our invention, both plasma from the same patient... Both urine and tea samples can be measured. Human plasma content and concentration, and urine content and concentration. There is a linear relationship between them. The main function of the kidneys is to filter blood. Since it is known that (filtering) is involved, it means that the plasma content is being filtered. 5 in the plasma Excess minerals, water, nitrogenous waste products (urea, uric acid, etc.), creatinine in the kidneys It is excreted by the body. In diabetes, excess sugar in the blood leads to kidney failure. (a condition where the kidneys are unable to perform their normal filtering function) normally results in urine Plasma proteins that shouldn't be there are excreted in the urine. In a normal, healthy individual... The urine content is also within normal limits (density: 1002-1300). For example, urinary tract 10 In cases of infection, an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) increases plasma viscosity. Similarly, the presence of the same protein also increases urine density. Therefore, urine density is related to plasma density. There is a linear correlation between viscosity and these two parameters. The fact that it can be measured with a single device is one of the technical advantages of our invention. Even today, many research laboratories still use Cone-Plate Type Viscometers 15 It is used for whole blood and plasma measurements and is expensive. For temperature control. It requires hot water baths with large circulating radiators. Also, each measurement... cleaning the measurement area is laborious and time-consuming, and visually inspects it. the possibility of being coated with invisible particles and the measuring parts being extremely sensitive These features are among the disadvantages of the device. 20 Our invention addresses the limitations encountered in the current state of the art. elimination, allows for quick results, easy to clean This allows temperature control to be implemented practically by the user. because it can be done and offers a low-cost structure compared to similar solutions, The main technical effects and associated advantages of our invention are as follows: 25 It is emerging. The device that is the subject of our invention will be used in the identification of human-induced diseases and in addition to being able to obtain information about the progress of treatment processes The process involves quickly collecting urine samples from cats or dogs, especially in veterinary clinics. It is anticipated that this will allow for evaluation in this way. Furthermore, the need is 30. If this becomes known, in programs belonging to universities that train health professionals Plasma and urine in (medicine, nursing, veterinary medicine, medical laboratory) course applications. as a reinforcing element in practices aimed at explaining the relationship between them It is possible to use it. However, health professionals and institutions 8 offering a solution that will contribute to reducing external dependence It is believed that this will support the development of our country. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Shear stress-shear rate-5 of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. viscosity variation curves Figure 2. Impedance data obtained from measurements made with the invention. the curves obtained Figure 3. Impedance data obtained from measurements made with the invention. The calculated viscosity values ​​are 10. Figure 4. Impedance data obtained from measurements made with the invention. calculated density value Figure 5. Schematic representation of the invention. The corresponding numbers in the figures are: 15 1. Electrode 2. Glass Capillaries 3. Processor-Control Unit 4. LCR Meter 5. Analysis-Calculation 20 6. Printer 7. Plastic Syringe 8. Waste Bin 9. Waste Bin Storage Compartment 10. Power Supply Connection 25 11. Portable Memory Slot 12. Control Panel - LCD Screen 13. Aluminum Block 14. Horizontal Platform 15. Plastic-Silicone Tubes 30 16. Sample Filling Control Point 17. Interconnection Cables 18. Three-Way Faucet Sample 19 (Plasma) 9 20. Sample 2 (Urine) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on measuring the impedance values ​​of plasma and urine. The values ​​were obtained using a device that measures both plasma viscosity and urine density. It is related. The mentioned device consists of two electrodes (1), samples (19-20) within the system. glass capillaries (2) which are transport routes, plastic disposable syringes (7), analysis-calculation (5) a processor-control unit with functions (3), LCR meter (4), printer (6), waste box (8) and openable / closable waste bin container (9), power supply connection (10), 10 control panel-LCD screen (12), in which the electrodes (1) and glass capillaries (2) are located and thus the measurements are close to normal body temperature (36.5 – 37.5oC) aluminum block (13) that enables its construction, interconnecting cables (17), three-way tap (18), portable memory input (11), glass capillaries (2) in a horizontal plane It includes platform (14) parts that keep it in place. Three-way tap (18), liquid 15 It is a valve used to manually control the gas flow. It can be turned in three directions. It has a valve. This completely stops the flow in the closed areas. This plastic faucet uses rigid silicone plastic at its connections to the system. pipes (15) were used. The sample was connected to the system with the end of the three-way tap (18). (19-20) or assist in introducing the washing and calibration solution into the system 20 This is possible, and when desired, air can be drawn in through the empty section to remove waste from the system. It ensures that liquids are emptied into the waste bin (8). The measuring device described above includes two stainless steel components. The electrodes made are (1) glass capillaries with an inner diameter of 1 mm (2) head and end It is located in parts of the device. 25 in all other parts of the device that is the subject of the invention. The connections are made of rigid silicone plastic tubes (15). Connecting the device to the power supply (10) and the heating element located on the front panel (12) When the button is activated, the heating of the compartment containing the glass capillaries (2) is activated. Heating is required for plasma (19) measurement. If urine (20) If the measurement is to be taken, there is no need to heat this area. Because 30 Urine measurement is performed at standard room temperature. The urine sample to be measured... Sample (19-20) is filled into the system to be measured with syringe (7) for control. It is filled up to point (16). The sample to be measured is on the front panel (12). (19-20) with the operation of the appropriate button, by the processor-control unit (3) The mini LCR meter (4) to which the electrodes (1) are connected is operated. The LCR meter (4), Basic electrical parameters in electronic circuits such as inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R) It is a test device used to measure the characteristics. LCR meter (4), tested by sending alternating current (AC) signals to the components, the impedance of the components It measures alternating current resistance. Based on these measurements, the device tests 5 It calculates the L, C or R values ​​of the component. LCR meter (4) within the invention After starting the process, it takes measurements for 5 seconds. The measurement process... the sample (19-20) included in the system by the injector (7), electrodes (1) passing through and during this passage electric current (19-20) to the sample application and current 10 through sample (19-20) by LCR meter (4) It is in the form of monitoring the changes that occur during the process. Afterwards, the LCR meter (4), It transmits a signal to the processor-control unit (3) that the first measurement has been taken. This Along with the signal, the LCR meter (4) continuously monitors the samples (19- ) for 10 seconds. 20) It takes measurements while stationary. That is, the LCR meter (4) takes the first measurement together with the first measurement. For a total of 15 seconds, at 1-second intervals, at a frequency of 100 kHz, Impedance 15 (Z,ohm) measurement has been performed. From the values ​​obtained at the end of the measurement (next) “Plasma Viscosity” or “Urine Density” is calculated (5). The results are displayed on the LCD screen (12). The results obtained are optional. All measurements can be printed using the printer (6). All measurements are taken within the device. is saved to memory and optionally connects to an external memory port (11) 20 It can be obtained through. The control and implementation of the process mentioned above, Generating signals for measurement and stopping; processor-control unit (3) within, with software configured to carry out these operations is being carried out. During the measurement of the sample (19-20) with the device that is the subject of our invention, the measurement is 25 Plasma or urine can remain within the equipment used in its production. To clean it, distilled water is given several times with a plastic syringe (7) after measurement. The remaining sample residues (19-20) in the system can be transferred to the waste bin (8). Afterwards, air is drawn into the injector (7) empty via the three-way tap (18). This ensures that all the solution in the system is cleaned and the next measurement is ready in 30 seconds. It is possible to skip this step. If a long break is to be taken in the measurement after all measurements are completed. The system should be loaded with distilled water and left to stand in this state. Distilled water is also used for calibration. Processor-control. There is a calibration mode within unit (3). The calibration mode 11 To start it, press the calibration start button (12) on the control panel. and the Impedance (Z, ohm) value is calculated as in the sample (19-20). This The result obtained from the calculation is stored in the device's memory as a "constant value". is recorded. This constant value is obtained as a result of measuring both samples (19-20). It is also used for calculating values ​​(5). 5 The device that is the subject of our invention has 10 measurements obtained from the second measurement result. Parameter calculation is performed using the formula below, based on the impedance value. This is done by the processor-control unit (3). It is done for two minutes. Since the data obtained from the measurements did not change (Figure 2), the first ten seconds of the measurement It was used for calculation. The software in the processor-control unit (3) is listed below 10 It is configured to implement the defined formulas and processes. Plasma Viscosity (cP): A: The arithmetic mean of the 10 values ​​measured by plasma is 15. B: The arithmetic mean of the 10 values ​​measured with distilled water. Plasma Viscosity = Urine Density: X: The arithmetic mean of the 10 values ​​measured in urine. B: The arithmetic mean of the 10 values ​​measured with distilled water. 1000: Correction factor Urine Density = x 1000 Measurements were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of our invention. Five different samples were used in the measurements. The first of these was "Distilled Water," the second was 30 The plasma is blood taken from a vein using a syringe, and it helps prevent blood clotting. placed in a tube containing a chemical substance that blocks coagulation (anticoagulant) and centrifuged. It has been processed. The liquid portion remaining at the top after centrifugation is plasma. The third sample is “PBS”. It is an isotonic phosphate buffer, as indicated. The fourth example is "PBSdex". A B X B 12 The defined solution is a 1% Dextran500 solution dissolved in isotonic phosphate buffer. Dextran-500 is a large molecular weight fibrinogen protein from human plasma proteins. It is a sugar molecule that causes an increase in viscosity. The fifth example is... This is a urine sample from a healthy person. Measurements of these five samples were taken within the device that is the subject of our invention. These 5 The graph shown in Figure 2 was obtained from the impedance values ​​resulting from the measurements. This results in five examples each having different impedance values, but within their own context. Ten samples performed for ten seconds form an almost unchanged straight line. It is progressing. The values ​​obtained from the device that is the subject of our invention are "Plasma Viscosity". When calculated according to the formula, there is a small difference between distilled water and PBS, 10 In plasma, this difference was calculated to increase. In the PBS sample, it remained almost unchanged. The value, which was previously elevated, increased to plasma levels with the addition of Dextran500. As expected, the macromolecule Dextran500 causes an increase in plasma viscosity. (Figure 3). Urine impedance values ​​according to the "Urine Density" formula. When calculated, it is slightly higher than distilled water, which is the calibration fluid, and is currently 15. It was found to be within the accepted reference values ​​(Figure 4). 25

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. Impedance values ​​of plasma and urine samples can be used to determine the values ​​of both plasma and urine samples. an analysis structured to measure both viscosity and density of urine It is a device and its feature is; 5 - glass forming the transport path of the sample (19–20) within the system capillary (2) and two electrodes (1) made of stainless steel, - disposable plastic used for feeding the sample (19–20) into the system injectors (7) and tubes (15) that direct the flow of liquid connected with, three-way tap that can be turned in three directions (18), 10 - evaluating the data received from the electrodes (1) and measuring the impedance an LCR meter (4) that performs and manages the LCR meter (4) and Plasma viscosity and urine impedance (Z, ohm) values its density according to the calibration constant stored in the device's memory software configured to calculate automatically 15 a processor-control unit (3), - in which electrodes (1) and glass capillaries (2) are located and thus Measurements close to normal body temperature (36.5 – 37.5°C) aluminum block (13) that enables its production, - containing an LCD screen (12) on which the results can be displayed 20 It is characteristic.

2. The device complies with Claim 1 and its feature is: printing the obtained results. It is characterized by containing a printer (6) that provides 3. The device conforms to Claim 1 and its characteristic is that it connects the parts to each other. It is characterized by containing interconnecting cables (17) that provide 25 4. The device conforming to claim 1, its feature being; to the head and end parts of glass capillaries (2) It is characterized by containing placed electrodes (1).

5. The device complies with Claim 1 and its feature is; for calculating plasma viscosity. the formula for calculating urine density Software configured to use the formula 30 It is characterized by its inclusion. 14 6. The device complies with Claim 1 and its feature is; sample selection processor-control unit (3) It is characterized by its inclusion.

7. The device complies with Claim 1 and its feature is; temperature controlled processor-control unit (3) It is characterized by its inclusion.

8. The device complies with Claim 1 and its feature is a processor-5 that includes a calibration mode. It is characterized by containing a control unit (3).

9. The device complies with Claim 1 and its features include a memory unit and an external memory input slot (11) It is characterized by its inclusion. 15 25

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