HYBRID SOLAR AND LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Abstract

This invention presents an innovative system and method aimed at overcoming current limitations in energy storage and management systems, which are critical for long-duration flight in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies. Lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries used in conventional UAVs limit flight time due to their limited energy density, while current solar panel integrations cannot effectively support the battery due to low efficiency and unoptimized energy management. This poses a significant technical problem, particularly in applications requiring long-duration operations such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and border security. The present invention solves this technical problem by combining the high theoretical energy density offered by lithium-air batteries with the high photoconversion efficiency of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells on the same platform.The system continuously optimizes the energy received from the solar panels via a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) module, efficiently distributes this energy for battery charging and motor power with a Power Distribution Board (PDB), and manages the entire energy flow with an adaptive control strategy managed by a Flight Controller. This integrated approach provides uninterrupted and long-duration flight capability by both continuously supplying energy from the sun and utilizing a high-capacity battery storage, without adding any burden to the UAV's existing body size and weight. Thus, the invention offers a groundbreaking improvement in UAV performance and a critical solution for energy autonomy.

Description

1 TARIFF HYBRID SOLAR-POWERED AND LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention aims to increase the flight time and energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles by providing high performance. combining efficient perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells with lithium-air batteries, A hybrid energy system controlled by an MPPT-based energy management module, and this system It includes the method of operation. The invention is particularly critical for long-duration flight in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies. overcoming existing limitations in energy storage and management systems, which are of great importance It offers an innovative system and method that aims to achieve this. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE 15 Energy storage and management in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies improves flight duration and It is one of the most critical factors that directly determines operational capability. In current practices, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and lithium-polymer (Li-Po) batteries are largely used as energy sources. They are in use, and these batteries have a limited energy density (typically 150-250). (in the Wh / kg range), it directly limits the flight time of UAVs. This situation, 20 especially long-term, uninterrupted operations such as reconnaissance, surveillance, mapping, and border security. This poses a significant technical obstacle in tasks requiring advanced battery technology. Next, solar power is being incorporated into some UAV designs to balance energy consumption. There are efforts towards integration. However, these integrations are generally... This is limited to conventional monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon-based solar cells, and these 25 The relatively low photoconversion efficiency of the cells, around 15-22%, is particularly noticeable in cloudy weather. energy that can be collected under these conditions, at low radiation intensities and narrow wing surface areas. This makes the quantity insufficient. Furthermore, in current systems, solar panel output is generally inadequate. The energy flow between the battery and the solar panel is directed directly to battery charging. 30 sophisticated systems like Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) that optimize in real time The use of energy management units is not widespread or they do not operate efficiently enough. This This also prevents the full utilization of the existing solar energy potential. On the other hand, solar panel integration increases the overall weight and cost of the UAV, However, the energy savings it provides are often insufficient to offset this additional load. In conclusion, the current technique allows "UAVs to operate for only a limited time with existing battery technologies (35"). 2 its ability to stay airborne and the efficient use of the battery in existing solar-powered solutions "The inability to carry out long-haul flights due to the lack of support" It faces a fundamental technical problem that can be summarized as follows. Patent document number US012448135B2 describes a hydrogen-solar integrated energy system and these 5 The method of using the system in an aircraft is described. The invention is for an aircraft. Perovskite-Silicon that functions as a power transmission system and covers the wings and fuselage. tandem photovoltaic solar cells, a lithium-sulfur battery, high-pressure combined a system consisting of a regenerative proton exchange membrane device and hydrogen tanks It includes a proton exchange membrane device with 10 modes: a fuel cell mode and an electrolysis mode. It has the capability to convert hydrogen into electricity by operating in fuel cell mode during cruise flight. The electricity generated is fed into a multi-phase rotor configuration assembled with propellers. A number of permanent magnets are used to operate the synchronous motor pairs. During cruise flight, The array of solar cells charges the Li-S battery pack. During takeoff and landing, the Li-S battery... The package supports electricity generated by the PEM device in fuel cell mode. While on the ground, the sun 15 The cells supply electricity to the PEM device, and the PEM device operates in electrolysis mode, discharging water. It converts into hydrogen gas; this hydrogen gas is then stored in hydrogen tanks. Patent document CN105449104A describes a device that performs stably in an air environment. The text describes a perovskite solar cell and the method of preparing this cell. The invention is among the top 20. The solar cell contains the following layers stacked on top of each other: conductive base, electron blocking layer, electron transport layer, perovskite sensitizing layer, hydrophobic intermediate surface layer, hole carrying layer and metal layer. Preparation method: on a conductive base. Deposition of electron blocking and transport layers, perovskite sensitizing layer accumulation, deposition of hydrophobic interface layer, deposition of hole carrying layer 25 This invention involves the deposition of a perovskite cell in air and the deposition of a metal layer. It significantly increases its stability under these conditions. Patent document CN105552229A describes a waterproof organic / inorganic hybrid perovskite. The invention refers to a solar cell. It consists of a glass substrate and 30 cells arranged in a sequence on this substrate. a stacked dense layer, a perovskite layer, a dense alumina layer, a hole carrier It includes a layer and a metal electrode layer. The waterproof dense alumina layer, Addition to the traditional FTO / TiO2 / CH3NH3PbI3 / spiro-OMeTAD / Au structure, perovskite cell It greatly increases its stability in weather conditions without encapsulation. Furthermore, the invention... Using an advanced atomic layer deposition technique, the density of the alumina layer was increased to 35. This allows for precise control at the sub-nanometer level, thus enabling perovskite It guarantees that cell performance will not be affected. 3 Patent document CN105470394A describes a waterproof organic / inorganic hybrid perovskite. The method of preparing a solar cell is discussed. The invention involves a glass substrate and this substrate... a dense layer stacked on top of it, a perovskite layer, a dense alumina layer, It involves the process of creating a hole carrier layer and a metal electrode layer. 5 The dense and waterproof alumina layer is a traditional FTO / TiO2 / CH3NH3PbI3 / spiro- Integration of OMeTAD / Au into the structure of unencapsulated perovskite cells in air It significantly improves its stability under these conditions. The method uses atomic layer deposition technology. By using this method, precise control of alumina layer thickness at sub-nanometer levels is achieved. This ensures that the original performance of the perovskite cell is preserved. 10 Patent document CN105047822A describes a flexible, fiber-shaped perovskite solar cell and The method of preparing this cell is discussed. The invention involves a conductive electrode as a... an n-TiO2 layer sequentially on the surface of one carbon nanotube fiber and then on the surface of another carbon nanotube fiber, A study consisting of a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and silver nanowires 15 It involves providing the electrode. The conductive electrode and the working electrode are coiled together to form a flexible structure. The fiber-shaped perovskite forms a solar cell. The resulting cell is then bonded with a transparent polymer. A protective layer is formed by coating. This method is carried out using solution immersion processes. Because it is carried out in this way, equipment requirements are low and the process is simple. The resulting flexible fiber The cell has 20 features such as high photoconversion efficiency, good flexibility and relatively stable performance in air. It has advantages. Studies have revealed the fundamental limitations that restrict the long-duration flight capability of unmanned aerial vehicles. The problem lies in the low energy density of current lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. Traditional solar cells have been shown to have insufficient photoconversion efficiency. The current 25 In solar systems, monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon-based panels are particularly suitable for low light conditions. In these conditions and on limited surface areas, it is insufficient for energy production, and also with batteries. collected due to the lack of advanced energy management systems that optimize integration Full efficiency from energy cannot be obtained. On the other hand, high-energy batteries such as lithium-air batteries... High-efficiency photovoltaic solutions such as high-density storage solutions or perovskite solar cells 30 Although these technologies exist in the literature, the advantages of these technologies in a UAV platform include lightness, integrated to simultaneously meet aerodynamic structure and energy continuity requirements. There is no integrated hybrid system in place. In conclusion, the problems mentioned above, which cannot be solved with the current technology, are related to technical issues. 35 This has made it necessary to make an innovation in the field. 4 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been developed to eliminate the technical shortcomings mentioned above. Hybrid solar-powered and lithium-aircraft battery energy system and method for unmanned aerial vehicles. It is related. The main goal of the invention is to improve the flight time and energy autonomy of unmanned aerial vehicles using existing batteries. and an integrated hybrid that significantly enhances solar energy technologies without limitations. The aim is to offer an energy system and method. This will enable the superior energy output of lithium-air batteries. High efficiency of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells combined with high density By bringing them in, UAVs can perform long-term reconnaissance, surveillance, and critical infrastructure monitoring missions uninterrupted for 10 years. It is ensured that it can be fulfilled. Another aim of the invention is to solve the problem of limited energy density of traditional lithium-ion batteries. The goal is a radical solution. With the use of lithium-air battery technology, much more is available per unit weight. By achieving high energy storage capacity, a battery of the same weight can last much longer (15). Flight times are obtained. Another aim of the invention is to maximize the existing solar energy conversion efficiency. Thanks to the integration of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, compared to traditional cells... Electricity is generated from solar energy with much higher efficiency compared to other sources, and this energy powers the UAV. It meets a significant portion of their needs. Another aim of the invention is to create a smart and efficient energy source between solar energy and battery sources. The goal is to provide solar management through a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) module. Maximum power is continuously drawn from the panels and distributed to these 25 via a Power Distribution Panel (PDB). The system is dynamically optimized between energy, battery charge, and engine power requirements. Another objective of the invention is to generate energy for the UAV without changing its current weight and size parameters. The aim is to increase its capacity. Thanks to the compact and lightweight design of the hybrid system, there is no additional weight burden. Power continuity is ensured without interruption, and the UAV's flight performance and maneuverability are 30. It is protected. Another aim of the invention is to adapt the energy flow to suit flight conditions. It is about managing the battery status through a control strategy executed by the Flight Controller. By monitoring solar energy production and motor power demand in real time, the most efficient energy source is selected. The deployment scenario is applied automatically. Another purpose of the invention is for long-term operations, especially for military and security purposes. The aim is to offer a sustainable energy solution. The system reduces the dependence of UAVs on charging stations. by reducing, longer-term operational capability in remote areas and challenging conditions. It brings profit. Another aim of the invention is to integrate innovative materials and control technologies into UAV platforms. By promoting integrated usage, we aim to lead technological development in the sector. In this way, A new standard in energy for future autonomous aerial vehicles and high-altitude platforms. is created. All the purposes mentioned above and those that will emerge from the detailed explanation below. The present invention aims to realize a hybrid solar-powered and lithium-aerospace-powered unmanned aerial vehicle. It relates to battery-powered energy systems and methods. The system in question acts as a carrier platform. a UAV body that provides vision and aerodynamic structure, the exterior of the aforementioned UAV body integrated into their surfaces, with a photoconversion efficiency of over 30% and solar 15 Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, which convert energy into electrical energy, theoretically have the same energy. chemical energy with a much higher density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries A lithium-air battery is a device that stores and supplies electrical energy when needed. safe charge / discharge cycles, cell balancing, and status of the aforementioned lithium-air battery A battery management system (BMS) responsible for monitoring the aforementioned perovskite / silicon 20 By continuously monitoring the voltage and current from the tandem solar cells, the system's maximum power is determined. a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module that enables it to operate at that point, between the aforementioned MPPT module, the aforementioned lithium-air battery and motor drivers A power distribution board (PDB) that distributes energy safely and evenly, accelerometer, A flight control system that processes gyroscope and other sensor data to maintain flight stability and orientation. The control device receives radio frequency (RF) signals from the remote control and processes them. an R / C receiver that transmits to the aforementioned flight controller, and signals coming from the aforementioned flight controller. Electronic speed controllers (ESCs) process signals and transmit the appropriate power to the motors. the clock, driven by the aforementioned electronic speed controllers and providing thrust Clockwise (CW) motors rotating in the direction of rotation, the aforementioned electronic speed control 30 a clock that rotates counterclockwise, driven by devices that provide thrust Counter-rotating (CCW) motors, and related to the aforementioned CW and CCW motors, which push air. It includes propellers that generate the necessary lift and thrust. The invention also provides hybrid solar-powered and lithium-aircraft battery energy for unmanned aerial vehicles. 35 This also includes the method, which involves the following steps: 6  Perovskite / silicon tandem solar panels integrated into the UAV body and wings Solar energy is converted into electricity through these cells, and this electrical energy is then used. The data is transmitted to a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module.  The aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module measures the incoming voltage and current. By constantly monitoring, it ensures the system always operates at its maximum power point, and 5 It delivers optimized DC power to a power distribution board (PDB).  The aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) receives optimized DC power and distributes it as a on one side it directs the charge to a lithium-air battery, while on the other side it provides thrust. It distributes electronic speed controllers (ESCs) to the system.  The aforementioned lithium-air battery is charged using energy from the sun, providing a high output of 10%. chemical energy storage tanks; this stored energy is insufficient for solar energy. It activates in situations requiring static power or during maneuvers that demand high power, providing uninterrupted operation. It ensures the supply of power.  The aforementioned lithium-air battery features safe charge / discharge cycles, cell balancing, and The thermal status is continuously monitored by a battery management system (BMS) and 15 It is managed.  A flight controller consists of integrated sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, etc.) and an R / C By processing the data received from the receiver, it issues the necessary commands for flight stability and orientation. It generates these commands and transmits them to electronic speed controllers (ESCs).  The aforementioned electronic speed control devices (ESCs) process the command signals they receive into 20 by operating it, suitable for clockwise (CW) motors and counterclockwise (CCW) motors. It controls the rotational speed and direction of these motors by transmitting power.  The aforementioned clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) motors are connected. By rotating their propellers, they generate the necessary lift and thrust for the UAV; opposite By rotating in different directions, the torque effect is neutralized, ensuring flight stability. 25  All these energy generation, storage, distribution and propulsion processes are part of the aforementioned flight control. integrated within a control loop managed in real time by the device This allows the UAV to utilize energy resources with maximum efficiency. Flight time is optimized. The best way to utilize the advantages of the existing invention, together with its structure and additional elements. For it to be understood, it must be considered together with the figures explained below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1: 35 Hybrid solar-powered and lithium-aircraft battery energy system for unmanned aerial vehicles. This is a schematic view. 7 REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 - UAV body 11 - Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells 12 - Lithium-air battery 13 - Power Distribution Board (PDB) 5 14 - Flight controller - R / C receiver 2 - Battery Management System (BMS) 3 - Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) module 4 - Electronic speed control devices (ESC) 10 41 - Clockwise (CW) motors 42 - Counter-clockwise (CCW) motors - Propellers DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 15 This detailed explanation focuses solely on the innovation in the invention to provide a better understanding of the subject matter. This is conveyed without being limited to examples. Accordingly, in the following explanations and figures, Hybrid solar and lithium-air battery (12) energy system for unmanned aerial vehicle It is explained. Figure 1 shows the hybrid solar-powered and lithium-air battery-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (12) that is the subject of the invention. This is a schematic view of the energy system. Accordingly, the system: - A UAV body that acts as a carrier platform and provides the aerodynamic structure (1), - Integrated into the outer surfaces of the mentioned UAV body (1), over 30% It has photoconversion efficiency and converts solar energy into electrical energy by 25%. converting perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells (11), - With a theoretical energy density much higher compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, a lithium-air system that stores chemical energy and provides it as electrical energy when needed battery (12),  Safe charge / discharge cycles of the mentioned lithium-air battery (12), cell balancing 30 and a battery management system (BMS) (2) which is responsible for condition monitoring, - Voltage and current from the mentioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells (11) a maximum that ensures the system operates at its maximum power point by constantly monitoring it. Power point tracker (MPPT) module (3), 8 - The aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3), the aforementioned lithium-air safe and balanced distribution of energy between the battery (12) and the motor drivers a power distribution board (PDB) (13), - By processing accelerometer, gyroscope, and other sensor data, it determines flight stability and orientation. a flight controller (14), 5 - Receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from the remote control and using them in the aforementioned flight an R / C receiver (15) transmitting to the controller (14), - By processing the signals from the mentioned flight controller (14), the appropriate power is given to the motors. Transmitting electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4),  Driven by the mentioned electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) and with a thrust of 10 clockwise rotating (CW) motors (41), - Driven by the aforementioned electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) and the thrust counter-clockwise (CCW) motors (42) - And - The mentioned clockwise (CW) motors (41) and the mentioned counter-clockwise (CCW) motors 15 connected to motors (42) that push the air to provide the necessary lift and thrust force. forming propellers (5) It includes. Lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries used in conventional UAVs have limited energy. Due to its density, it limits flight time, and current solar panel integrations are insufficient. inefficient battery due to poor and unoptimized energy management It is unable to provide support. This situation is particularly relevant for long-term operations such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and border security. This presents a significant technical problem in applications requiring surgical procedures. The present invention addresses this... The technical problem is that the lithium-air battery (12) offers a high theoretical energy density of 25 Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells offer high photoconversion efficiency on the same platform. It solves by combining. The system is a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3) It continuously optimizes the energy obtained from solar panels through a power distribution board. (13) (PDB) efficiently distributes this energy for battery charging and motor power and a flight with an adaptive control strategy managed by the flight controller (14) all 30 It manages the energy flow. This integrated approach adds to the UAV's existing body size and weight. without adding any load, by both continuously supplying energy from the sun and using a high-capacity battery. By utilizing its fuel tank, it provides uninterrupted and long-duration flight capability. Thus, the invention, It offers a groundbreaking improvement in UAV performance and a critical solution for energy autonomy. The invention was developed with the aim of fundamentally solving the technical problem described in the previous work, 35 It offers an integrated approach that addresses both shortcomings of existing systems simultaneously. 9 In this context, instead of traditional lithium-ion batteries, there are batteries with a much higher theoretical energy density. Using lithium-air (Li-air) battery technology (which can reach levels of ~3500 Wh / kg) Storage capacity is being increased exponentially. On the energy production side, however, low efficiency... Perovskite / silicon solar panels, which can have efficiencies of over 30%, are replacing traditional solar cells. It uses tandem solar cells. These two high-performance technologies combine into one MPPT module 5 a power distribution board (13) that makes maximum use of solar energy. (PDB) optimizes energy flow and is managed by a flight controller (14) adaptive They are brought together in an integrated hybrid system managed with a control strategy. This innovative The system and method allows for continuous solar radiation without compromising the size and weight of the UAV's body. and by providing energy with high efficiency and using a high-capacity battery storage 10 It provides uninterrupted and sustained flight capability, thus overcoming the limitations of current technology. By eliminating this, it promises a revolutionary advancement in UAV performance. This invention, By addressing the shortcomings mentioned in the previous technique, high-energy density lithium-air batteries (12) and perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells with efficiency above 30% (11) Energy 15, which combines energy on the platform with a maximum power point tracker-based energy management module. an adaptive control that continuously optimizes its flow and is managed by a flight controller. It offers an integrated hybrid energy system that operates with a strategy. This system utilizes the UAV's current capabilities. While maintaining their weight and dimensions, they both provide a continuous supply of energy from the sun with high efficiency and thanks to its high-capacity battery storage, it has the ability to fly continuously and for extended periods. This provides a radical solution to the energy and durability limitations of current technology. 20 The invention is a hybrid solar-powered and lithium-air battery (12) energy system for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The system consists of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells integrated onto the UAV body (1). (11) It starts working by converting solar energy into electrical energy. Produced This electrical energy is continuously transmitted by a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3). It is monitored and, despite changing radiation and temperature conditions, the solar cells always maintain a temperature of 25°C. Energy harvesting is optimized by ensuring operation at the maximum power point. Optimized DC power is transmitted to a power distribution board (PDB) (13). The aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) uses some of this energy to charge the high energy density lithium-air battery (12). while directing the other part to electronic speed control devices (ESC) for the propulsion system (4) It transmits. The charge / discharge cycles of the mentioned lithium-air battery (12), cell balancing and 30 Thermal safety is continuously monitored by a battery management system (BMS) (2) and It is managed during flight. During flight, a flight controller (14) uses its integrated sensors (gyroscope, data received from the control signals coming through an accelerometer) and an R / C receiver (15) It processes and generates the commands necessary for flight stability and orientation. These commands are then used to control electronic speed. The signals are transmitted to the electronic speed controllers (ESC) (4). The mentioned electronic speed controllers (ESC) (4), 35 By processing the signals they receive, the clockwise (CW) motors (41) to which they are connected and the clockwise It provides power to the reverse (CCW) motors (42) at the appropriate voltage and frequency. (CW) motors (41) and counter-clockwise (CCW) motors (42) rotate in opposite directions, connected They generate lift and thrust through their propellers (5) and thus create torque effect By neutralizing the fault line, the UAV is enabled to fly stably. This is especially true in situations where solar energy is insufficient. In situations or maneuvers requiring high power, the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) 5 (13) uninterrupted power by incorporating energy from the lithium-air battery (12) into the system. This ensures that the entire process is carried out by the aforementioned flight controller (14). This happens within an integrated control loop that is managed in real-time, thereby saving energy. By making maximum efficiency from its resources, the flight time and operational capabilities of the UAV are improved. Its capabilities are maximized. 10 The invention also includes a hybrid solar-powered and lithium-air battery-powered (12) unmanned aerial vehicle. This also includes the energy method, and the method involves the following steps:  Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells integrated into the UAV body (1) and wings (11) Converting solar energy into electricity and this electrical energy Transmission to a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3). 15  Voltage from the aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3) and by continuously monitoring the current, the system is ensured to always operate at its maximum power point. and optimized DC power to a power distribution board (PDB) (13) transmission.  The optimized 20 that comes to it by the mentioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) The DC power is directed to a lithium-air battery (12) for charging, on the other hand, distribution to electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) for the propulsion system.  The aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) can be charged with energy from the sun, thus providing high performance. storage of chemical energy in high concentrations; this stored energy, solar energy It intervenes in situations where it is insufficient or during maneuvers requiring high power, 25 Ensuring an uninterrupted power supply.  The safe charge / discharge cycles of the mentioned lithium-air battery (12) are cell balancing and thermal status by a battery management system (BMS) (2) continuous monitoring and management.  A flight controller (14) with integrated sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer etc.) 30 and by processing data from an R / C receiver (15) for flight stability and orientation. generating the necessary commands and sending these commands to electronic speed control devices. (ESC) (4) transmission.  The electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) receive the commands By processing the signals, clockwise (CW) motors (41) and counterclockwise (CCW) 35 11 the transmission of suitable power to the motors (42) and the rotational speeds and directions of these motors to be checked.  The mentioned clockwise (CW) motors (41) and counterclockwise (CCW) motors (42) by rotating the propellers (5) to which they are attached, the necessary lift for the UAV and The generation of thrust force; neutralization of the torque effect through rotations in opposite directions. 5 by ensuring flight stability.  All these energy generation, storage, distribution and propulsion processes are carried out through the aforementioned flight control. integrated in a control loop managed in real time by the device (14) This will allow for maximum efficiency in utilizing energy resources, thus enabling the UAV to function effectively. Optimizing flight time. 10

Claims

12 REQUESTS 1. To increase the flight time and energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles, high-performance technologies are necessary. combining efficient perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells with lithium-air batteries (12) It is a hybrid energy system controlled by an MPPT-based energy management module, Feature; 5  A UAV body that acts as a carrier platform and provides the aerodynamic structure (1),  Integrated into the outer surfaces of the mentioned UAV body (1), photoconversion efficiency a perovskite / silicon tandem that converts solar energy into electrical energy solar cells (11),  Theoretical energy density is much higher compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. 10 It is a device that stores chemical energy and provides it as electrical energy when needed. a lithium-air battery (12),  The safe charge / discharge cycles of the mentioned lithium-air battery (12), cell a battery management system (BMS) responsible for balancing and condition monitoring (2), 15  Voltage and current from the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells (11) by continuously monitoring the system to ensure it operates at its maximum power point. a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3),  The aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3), the aforementioned lithium-air Safe and balanced energy distribution between the battery (12) and the motor drivers 20 a power distribution board (PDB) (13),  By processing accelerometer, gyroscope and other sensor data, it determines flight stability and orientation. a flight controller (14),  Receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from the remote control and processing them an R / C receiver (15) transmitting to the mentioned flight controller (14), 25  By processing the signals from the mentioned flight controller (14), it provides the appropriate power to the motors. Transmitting electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4),  Driven by the aforementioned electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) and the thrust clockwise rotating (CW) motors (41),  Driven by the aforementioned electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) and with a thrust of 30 counter-clockwise (CCW) motors (42) And  The mentioned clockwise (CW) motors (41) and the mentioned counter-clockwise (CCW) motors connected to motors (42) that push the air to provide the necessary lift and thrust force. the propellers (5) 35 It is characterized by its inclusion. 13 2. The system complies with Claim 1 and its characteristic is; the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar system. The photoconversion efficiency of the cells (11) must be at least 30%.

3. To increase the flight time and energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles, high 5 combining efficient perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells with lithium-air batteries (12) a hybrid energy method controlled by an MPPT-based energy management module Its characteristic is;  Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells integrated into the UAV body (1) and wings (11) Converting solar energy into electricity and this electrical energy 10 transmitting to a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3),  Voltage from the aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) module (3) and by continuously monitoring the current, the system is ensured to always operate at its maximum power point. and optimized DC power to a power distribution board (PDB) (13) transmission, 15  The optimized power distribution board (PDB) (13) receives the following: The DC power is directed to a lithium-air battery (12) for charging, on the other hand, distribution of electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) for the propulsion system,  The aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) can be charged with energy from the sun, thus providing high performance. storage of chemical energy in high concentrations; this stored energy is 20% of solar energy. by intervening in situations where it is insufficient or during maneuvers requiring high power. ensuring uninterrupted power supply,  The safe charge / discharge cycles of the mentioned lithium-air battery (12) are cell balancing and thermal status by a battery management system (BMS) (2) continuous monitoring and management, 25  By a flight controller (14) from its integrated sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer etc.) and data from an R / C receiver (15) are processed to determine the necessary flight stability and orientation. the creation of commands and the transmission of these commands to electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) transmission,  The electronic speed control devices (ESC) (4) receive the command 30 By processing the signals, clockwise (CW) motors (41) and counterclockwise (CCW) motors the transmission of suitable power to the motors (42) and the rotational speeds and directions of these motors to be checked,  The mentioned clockwise (CW) motors (41) and counterclockwise (CCW) motors (42) by rotating the propellers (5) to which they are attached, the necessary lift for the UAV and 35 The generation of thrust force; neutralization of the torque effect through rotations in opposite directions. by ensuring flight stability, 14  Maximizing the flight time of the UAV by utilizing energy resources with maximum efficiency. to ensure that all energy production, storage, distribution and propulsion are optimized processes are monitored in real time by the mentioned flight controller (14). integrated within a managed control loop It includes the steps of the process. 5

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