Autonomous Forensic Data Collection and Monitoring System for Root Cause Analysis of Fires in Power Transmission Lines

Abstract

The invention is an integrated system that autonomously detects, analyzes, and generates a forensic technical report on fire and natural disaster situations when positioned on power transmission lines. The system includes a thermal unit (2) connected to a movable mechanical arm (3) that can scan the area around the pole 360 ​​degrees, arc, temperature and sound sensitive sensor arms (4) that monitor the line connection points (VHD / Isulator) without contact, a microprocessor (5) that manages the entire process with a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), and a series of modules. The key distinguishing feature of the invention is that the microprocessor (5) continuously monitors environmental and electrical data, creating region-specific dynamic standard data ranges and mathematically proving the root cause of the fire (network-related or external) by comparing instantaneous deviations with this historical data. Units located on multiple poles communicate bi-directionally via telemetry modules (8) (mesh network), ensuring data continuity and holistic line monitoring. The system, which continues to operate with a redundant smart battery (6) even if the mains power is interrupted, transmits all the parameters it collects to a cloud-based ground station (9) via the internet access module (10). In this way, field data can be monitored in real time on a digital map, forensic reports can be obtained from all data, and an end-to-end decision support mechanism is provided in fire response processes.

Description

1 TARIFF Autonomous Forensic Data Collection and Analysis for Root Cause of Fires in Energy Transmission Lines Monitoring System TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES 5 This invention relates to electricity distribution networks and forest fire detection systems. Specifically, those positioned on power transmission line poles, along with fire detection. a system that analyzes the cause and location of a fire, sends a warning message at the time of detection, and analyzes the fire. reporting system le lg ld r. STATE OF THE ART 10 In application number CN112634568, which is one of the technical issues; energy transmission line a tube mounted on the poles, with a body made of high-temperature resistant material. The fire monitoring system is described. Although the system in question is remotely controlled, ed leb lrbr yapı sunsa b le yangın teps t ve anal z süreci nde akt fbr operasyon What intervention is needed? This situation is widespread, with numerous poles located in the area. 15 a monitoring process in areas prone to human error, delays, and high operational costs This system also gives rise to an external factor instead of an autonomous algorithm in the decision-making mechanism. Because it is dependent on commands, real-time data changes during disasters They lack the ability to interpret it as such and present an independent judicial report. In the application numbered US20200342744, which is included in the technical status, direct energy 20 The conductors are positioned on the line and energy is supplied from the line by induction. A sensor network is proposed. This system detects current fluctuations and arc formation. Even if GB aims to provide a prediction by tracking data, operational continuity From this perspective, kr tkbr tekn k has limitations. The system's operation is entirely based on the conductor. Since it depends on the presence of energy, arc flash, foreign body contact or fire-related 25 In case the electricity in the line is cut off as a result of a fault, all functions of the system are disabled. It remains outside. Especially at the moment of failure, when the fire starts and data is most critical, the system... remaining without energy, the actual cause of the fire (electrical or external) This makes it difficult to determine. This situation means that the system can only monitor when there is electricity. However, the system was unable to provide data continuity during failures and fires, which were the times when it was most needed. 30 The other technical disadvantage of the aforementioned system is that the sensors are directly conductive (line). 2 It is the positioning of the device. Arc formation and fires caused by overheating in electrical networks. The vast majority of the risks occur at the connection points on the pole (where the conductors connect to each other). The connection is concentrated in the terminals, insulator connections, etc. to which it is attached. The current technical system is flawed. positioning it in the middle ensures physical distance from these critical points and Therefore, the thermal changes or micro-arcs in the r-skl regions are precisely measured. 5 This is why it cannot be measured. In addition, the sensors placed in the middle of the line cause this critical malfunction. Physical distance to the focal points, early stage fire signs (smoke, sparks, heat increase) This makes it difficult to perceive, especially in forested areas and where vegetation is dense. In these areas; physical barriers created by trees and branches, the sensor's location in the middle of the line. This leaves a nearby fire outbreak outside the line of sight. This situation means the system's 10 This allows the system to detect the fire only when the flames have spread to the point where the sensor is located. It opens; therefore, it provides early warning that allows intervention at the very beginning of the fire. This causes the function to become dysfunctional. In application number US20240399181, which is another approach in the technical situation; To speed up the response to forest fires along power transmission lines, 15 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), route planning, and fire prevention liquid spraying methods It is suggested. However, this solution is, by its nature, a post-event intervention method. UAV-based systems require a certain preparation period to become operational. The mission is performed in adverse weather conditions such as hearing, flight range restrictions and strong winds. Their inability to do so prevents the fire from being detected and dealt with at its initial stage. 20 In the application numbered CN112562244, which is included in the technical status, it is stated that; energy transmission line Forest fires along their routes are monitored via satellite imagery and meteorological data. The aim is to estimate the source of the fire by tracking and monitoring. However, this space-based approach... The systems are based on satellite pass frequency and atmospheric conditions (cloudiness, smog density, etc.). Due to their direct dependency, they are far from providing real-time data streaming. Also, 25 The resolution limitations offered by satellite imagery make it difficult to capture the initial millimeter (ml / meter) of a fire. the ability to determine the location and identify the specific network component that caused the fire to start It is not the owner. In the application numbered CN119811051, which is included in the technical status, it is stated that the transmission lines... Using spatial data, historical fire records, and thermal imagery from satellites, 30 An AI-supported fire risk zone prediction model is proposed. The system statistically analyzes the human-caused reasons for fires and geographical risks. Even if it focuses on modeling, it also processes real-time physical data from the field during a fire. 3 It does not have the capacity. Predictive models based on statistical data predict pre-fire risk. Even if it can provide analysis and data, it can autonomously activate the system the moment a fire starts and extinguish the fire. It lacks the ability to determine and diagnose whether the problem is caused by an electrical fault. In the application numbered CN118038628, which is included in the technical status, it is stated that; forested areas By comparing images from installed cameras with satellite data, it was determined that the fire started 5 A method is suggested to analyze whether the problem originates from an electrical line. However, the statement... The solution in question is entirely based on optical data and visual comparison. This visual-based approach... systems; in situations where dense heat, smoke, nighttime conditions or vegetation obscures visibility It is losing accuracy and the arc formations at the beginning of the fire or It is unable to detect insulator overheating. 10 THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION (THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION THAT THE INVENTION AIMS TO PROCESS) PROBLEMS) The invention provides real-time monitoring of fire and disaster situations caused by power transmission lines. The following 15 technical problems are encountered in the processes of detection, analysis and reporting. It aims to provide a solution. Specifically:  Data and Energy Continuity Problem: Existing systems may experience grid failure or fire. The problem of the system becoming inoperable during sudden power outages is a problem within the network of the invention. Powered by smart batteries and energy management units, it can be used even in the event of a disaster. Data flow and reporting are provided. 20  Precise Positioning and Blind Spot Issue: Fixed sensors have a narrow field of view and Low-resolution satellite data and location detection errors are included in the 360° invention. degree mechanical scanning capability angular detection unit and advanced mathematical Algorithms determine the location of the fire origin using millimeter coordinates. This is ensured. 25  Uncertainty Regarding Responsibility and Forensic Determination: Whether the fire originated from the electrical grid or not. The inability to prove that it started with an external factor is a matter of electrical circuitry. Inspection of the connection points on the pole with the necessary sensors, the pole and By monitoring the conductive state and simultaneously processing environmental data, technical... and is resolved by creating a report. With real-time monitoring of the network; arc formation, 30 Fire risk is determined by analyzing current fluctuations and insulator heating data. 4 It is predictable. In the event of a fire, this data helps determine the root cause of the event. Why is it included as evidence in the forensic report to document the incident?  Delayed Response and Loss of Operational Speed: Fire alarm lines or manual The slowness of tracking-based systems; the system's autonomous mesh communication network. Ability to communicate two-way with the ground station and instantaneous trigger signals 5 It is being disposed of by sending it.  Central Dependence and Traceability Problem: Each individual element on the network... The problem is that it cannot be autonomously questioned, thanks to the distributed architecture of the invention. This is resolved by transforming the d-reg-n into an independent audit point. The systems used in current technologies are generally visual systems based on satellite and camera images. The estimated models are powered by induction over the energy transmission line and in case of line failures. The function requires sensor networks or operator / UAV-based intervention. These approaches are based on solutions. The fundamental shortcoming of these approaches is their inability to function during a fire or disaster. Their inability to provide continuity of service in case of grid power interruption, optical obstructions. (ss, smoke, night) Why did they make such a diagnosis error and the fire started in the 15th minute? The conductive / insulator data cannot be recorded in terms of their effectiveness. As a result, in the literature... Current solutions can only report a fire as a single incident or a general incident. fault detection and potential fire hazards are detected with the help of sensor networks in the electrical line. They are able to monitor the situation. However, current solutions cause power outages in the grid during a fire. while autonomous detection is not possible and a cause-and-effect analysis of a legal nature is not possible 20 This is because the cause of the fire cannot be proven with technical data. In such cases, narrow and legal responsibility sharing is largely based on concrete evidence rather than concrete evidence. The reason why the investigation after the fire was left to the observation-based interpretations of the fire department is... It provides. With the proposed invention, the moment of the fire is recorded using technological parameters. The aim is to determine the focus of responsibility based on data. 25 EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES  Figure 1: General view of the system on the grid.  Figure 2: Control box  Figure 3: System integrated state and ground station. DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS / COMPARTMENTS IN THE FIGURES 1 Main module located on the electrical circuit board (1), 2 Sensor modules that measure external ambient light and can detect flame or heat (2), It has the ability to scan the bottom and surrounding area of ​​the 3D grid in 360 degrees, and is a movable device. mechanical arm (3), 5 4. Contactless arc / radiation tracking of electrical transmission line connection points. Direct analysis sensor module (4) capable of making jump measurement and detecting sound. The system executes autonomous decisions, and can read data from relevant sensors. capable of controlling the mechanical module, performing the necessary mathematical and logical operations. brm cross process that can be done (5), 10 6. Uninterrupted power supply that ensures the system continues to operate when the grid power is interrupted. Smart battery unit that can provide continuous energy (6), 7. Ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient heat level, ambient air pressure environmental factors such as the slope of the pole, the tilting position of the pole, and the pole's position. robustness status GBD rek stab l tes n measuring sensors (7), 15 8. Enabling data exchange between main modules located on other pillars, data that can be sent to other main modules and data that other main modules send. a telemetry module (8) capable of sensing (providing two-way communication), 9. Real-time monitoring of all data transferred to the cloud or internet environment, each one of them. 20 used for sending module-specific report generation commands. user terminal (9), The data of the main modules, which are located on more than one pole, are collected and this A replicable distribution module where data is transmitted bi-directionally to the internet. (10). DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION The invention concerns systems positioned on power transmission lines that respond to fire and natural disaster situations. an integrated system that autonomously detects, analyzes, and generates a technical report of a forensic nature. A system is basically a system of poles that carry electricity at medium and high voltage levels. a main module (1) located on it, working in conjunction with the main module and direct n 30 a movable mechanical arm (3) that can scan its surroundings 360 degrees, on the said arm Sensor modules that measure positioned external environmental data and can detect flame and / or heat. (2), working in conjunction with the main module and connecting the line connection points (isolators) on the direct line. 6 Direct analysis that monitors without contact, can measure arc / radiation jumps, and can detect sound. The sensor module (4), placed inside the main module, executes the autonomous decisions of the system, LG is a mechanical arm module that can read / control data from all sensors. a unit microprocessor (5) that can control and perform necessary mathematical and logical operations. Smart battery unit (6) located inside the main module that can provide uninterrupted and continuous energy, 5 ambient temperature, ambient humidity, ambient sound level, ambient air pressure value, etc. Environmental factors and mast tilt, mast tilting condition and mast stability GBD mast Sensors measuring the stability (7) transmit data between the main modules positioned on other poles. It facilitates buying and selling, sends data to other main modules, and receives data from other main modules. A telemetry module (8) capable of sensing data, located on more than one pole, is used by the main 10 modules where data is collected and this data is transferred to the internet bi-directionally. The reproducible distribution module (10) and all data transferred to the internet can be tracked. br user terminal (9) is located. The task and operation of the D rek analysis sensor module (4) in every high and medium voltage circuit Measurement without touching the insulator points located at each pole where the conductors are connected. 15 It is in a position to do so. Loosening or contamination that occurs in these connections over time, It can cause electrical discharges, heating, and arc formation. Direct analysis sensor module. (4), focusing on the insulator points on the electric grid without touching the electric line Temperature increase, arc formation and current change data are sent to the microprocessor (5). Also, line Any potential breaks on the cable are also detected instantly via these arms. 20 The operation of the scanning mechanism involves a device positioned on the pole and at the bottom of the pole. The sensor module (2) which measures the external environment data by scanning 360 degrees, is a mechanical arm. (3) By continuously rotating its thermal sensor, it scans the environment. The system detects a flame and / or heat At the time of detection, information about the presence of flame, time information, and angular coordinates of the detection location are provided. main module (1) let l r. 25 Energy management systems are one of the most fundamental elements ensuring operational continuity. redundant smart battery that can provide uninterrupted and continuous power located inside the main module (1) This unit, which is continuously supplied from the grid, may not be affected by any disaster or malfunction. It ensures that the system continues to operate even when the power supply is cut off. In this way, Even if the grid power is cut off, the system will continue to operate at full performance for a long time and report 30 It continues to produce. The system consists of multiple energy transmission lines extending along the power transmission line, independent of a single central point. The electrical circuit boards are positioned so that they follow each other on the grid. Each circuit board... 7 The unit on it transmits only its own data through the telemetry module (8) it contains. It can not only transmit data to the central unit, but also detect and transmit data from neighboring poles. It has the capability to transmit data in both directions. Thanks to this bidirectional data flow, autonomous communication is possible between the poles. The network is being established; all data detected at any point on the line are transmitted to the telemetry modules (8) It is shared throughout the entire line by jumping from one bridge to another. This distributed 5 Communication, even in areas where internet access is restricted, ensures uninterrupted data flow. and enables comprehensive monitoring of network security. S stem nm kro s l (5), Advanced running on Real Time Operating System (RTOS) br data processing algorithm. This algorithm processes data from sensor modules (2, 4, 7). By continuously monitoring environmental and electrical data, 10 solutions specific to that region and current environmental conditions can be developed. The system creates standard data ranges. The system takes the values ​​it reads instantly and uses these created historical data. It continuously compares data sets and defined standard intervals; data analysis is performed when necessary. By taking the average, periodic trend analyses are performed. Any non-standard deviation or threshold... When a value overshoot is detected, the system processes this deviation using mathematical equations to identify the fire. It makes a diagnosis. With the reports generated at the end of this process; instantaneous values ​​and deviations are shown. including all parameters and historical data, the root cause of the fire (whether it was network-related or not) (that it is not) is transformed into a database of legal quality that reveals this with technical evidence. The microprocessor (5), which is the processing algorithm and decision algorithm, contains the Real within it. Multidimensional data from sensors and other poles can be processed thanks to the Time-Controlled Operating System (RTOS). The data is processed without delay, enabling sensor fusion. The mechanism has 20 arms. Angular and temporal data from the sensor modules (2) measuring the positioned external environment data data, electrical data from the direct analysis sensor module (4) and ambient temperature, environmental factors such as humidity level, ambient temperature, and ambient air pressure. factors and pole tilt, pole tilting position and pole stability GBD pole Sensors measuring stability (7) simultaneously analyze the incoming direct status and environmental data. 25 If the insulator temperature is above the critical threshold and repeated arc flashes are recorded, the system... The study concludes that the fire was "caused by the electrical grid." Electrical data was normal. If the fire originates from outside, it is classified as "externally caused". This decision information is provided by the telemetry unit. (8) is transferred to other poles and the distribution module (10). From the distribution module (10) All data is transferred to the data user terminal (9) where it can be tracked. 30 A user terminal (9) through which all data transferred to the internet can be tracked and this User terminal interface design is an integral part of the invention. All direct in the field a geographic information system (GIS) based system that enables bidirectional data transfer through modules 8 central management mbrmd r. Main modules located on multiple poles n The data collected and transmitted bi-directionally to the internet can be replicated. All field data transferred to the internet environment via distribution modules (10) are real. This system, which allows for timely monitoring, records the health status of each individual on a digital map. It can be monitored via the interface and the operator can perform active queries based on a specific module. Sending commands to extract high-resolution data or generate customized reports. It provides the possibility of giving. This can be managed from any point with internet access. The central user terminal receives all parameters from the field in a secure cloud environment. By storing data, it makes it possible to export historical analytical records. Furthermore, all of these distributed and intelligent architecture, autonomously generated, analysis reports are 10%. By evaluating it, it reveals with definitive data whether the fire originated from the network and an end-to-end decision support mechanism that plays an active role in fire response processes It constitutes. HOW THE INVENTION WAS APPLIED TO INDUSTRY The invention can be used in all geographical areas where electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure is available, especially in forested areas. It can be applied directly in areas, rural regions and along high fire risk power line routes. The system is modular and can be integrated into existing power transmission line poles. It has a structure that can be easily implemented. Units are mounted independently on each bridge post. Thanks to this, it creates a distributed monitoring and analysis network along the line. The invention is relevant to electricity distribution companies, transmission line operators, energy infrastructure investors, and forestry companies. It can be actively used by general directorates and disaster management institutions. From the system The data obtained is used not only for fire detection but also for maintenance planning and troubleshooting. In the fields of predictive analysis, infrastructure security and legal responsibility assessment, It can be evaluated. Thanks to its autonomous decision-making mechanism and forensic reporting capabilities, the fire Subsequent reviews will present concrete technical data to facilitate the sharing of responsibilities between institutions. 25 The object can be made into a fixed state.

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