Nebit Capsule: Hybrid Cooling System for Brushless Motors of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract

This invention focuses on a hybrid cooling capsule developed for brushless electric motors used in unmanned aerial vehicles. The system offers a multi-layered thermal management architecture consisting of a hermetically sealed interior environment providing low thermal density with helium gas, thermoelectric modules placed around the motor, a closed-loop freon coil, and liquid nitrogen cooling activated in emergencies. Thanks to the magnetic coupling mechanism, torque is transferred to the propeller without creating any mechanical holes in the capsule, and complete sealing is maintained. This structure enables the motor to operate stably at high temperatures, protects against overheating, and provides long-lasting performance under various environmental conditions.

Description

1 DEFINITION Nebit Capsule Hybrid Cooling for Brushless Motors of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles The system Technical Area This invention relates to electromechanical cooling systems developed for electric motors. The invention... In particular, the thermal properties of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It includes a hybrid cooling system for its management. The invention involves a closed-loop indoor structure using helium gas, thermoelectric cooling units, and a closed-loop system. refrigerant system, liquid nitrogen-assisted emergency cooling structure, hermetic sealing elements and It relates to a multilayer motor cooling system involving magnetic coupling mechanisms. Background of the Invention Brushless DC motors (BLDC) offer high efficiency, low maintenance requirements, and high performance. They are widely used in unmanned aerial vehicles because they can operate at high rotational speeds. 15 However, controlling the heat generated during operation in these engines is a significant technical problem. It constitutes. In motors operating under prolonged working conditions or high loads, temperature values ​​increase. And this situation has negative effects on the motor components, especially the windings and rotor structure. And electronic control components can be affected by high temperatures. 20 Current engine cooling methods used in unmanned aerial vehicles generally involve passive airflow, simple... Fan structures or surface-mounted metal heat sinks are limited. However, these methods can handle high temperatures and low temperatures. It is unable to provide adequate cooling under airflow or prolonged operating conditions. Furthermore, the current The systems do not have an emergency cooling structure to help with sudden temperature increases. In addition, the limitations of hermetic sealing structures in conventional engine cooling systems 25 Gas or fluid leaks can occur due to the mechanical shaft used for power transmission. These transitions can reduce system reliability. Therefore, it combines a multi-layered cooling structure, hermetic sealing, and contactless motion transmission. A new engine cooling system is needed that brings the components together. Summary of the Invention 30 This invention focuses on the thermal management of brushless DC motors used in unmanned aerial vehicles. It features a hybrid cooling system called Nebit Capsule. The invention includes a hermetically sealed capsule structure in which the motor is housed, and an inner chamber filled with helium. thermoelectric cooling system, closed-loop freon circulation system and liquid nitrogen-assisted emergency cooling The system is used together. 35 The capsule's outer shell is made of lightweight and durable materials, and the engine compartment is filled with helium gas. It is filled with. Motor movement is transmitted out of the capsule via double magnetic mating rings. This process ensures the hermetic structure is maintained without mechanical shaft passage. Peltier units placed around the motor transfer heat from the motor surface to external heat sinks. In addition, coiled freon tubes positioned around the motor provide continuous thermal equilibrium. 40 At critical temperature levels, a liquid nitrogen system is activated to achieve rapid cooling. The system utilizes temperature sensors and an electronic control structure to cool multi-layered components. It manages the temperature levels in the engine compartment in a controlled manner. This ensures the temperature values ​​in the engine area are balanced and... The aim is to ensure more stable work under different working conditions. 2 Explanation of the Figures Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the general external structure of the Nebit Capsule and the layout of its main components. It is the appearance. Figure 2 shows the internal components of the Nebit Capsule, including the motor layout, cooling systems, and magnetic 5. It is a cross-sectional perspective view showing the transmission structure. Figure 3 is a side view showing the layout of thermoelectric cooling units and external heat sinks. Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the liquid nitrogen tank, control valve, and discharge structure. Figure 5 shows a cross-section illustrating the hermetic passage structures, freon connections, and electrical connection layout. It is the appearance. 10 Figure 6: Schematic block diagram illustrating the operating principle of the hybrid cooling system of the invention. Reference Numbers List – Technical Overview The table below shows the drawings for the "Nebit Capsule – Hybrid UAV Engine Cooling System" invention. It shows all the reference numbers used. Each number represents a specific physical component – ​​mechanical, thermal or magnetic – within the capsule. 15 is doing. This list clarifies the link between the figures and their detailed descriptions, and also includes numbering. It was prepared for the purpose of standardization. No. Component Name Description 1. The outer shell of the capsule: The main structural shell that protects all internal systems. 2. Brushless internal motor: Main drive motor located in the center of the capsule. 3 helium-filled inner chambers To reduce heat load and air resistance, with helium. filled closed space. 4. Spiral freon tubes: Copper spiral tubes that continuously circulate the coolant. Peltier unit – cold surface: The surface that absorbs heat from the motor via thermoelectric effect. 6 Peltier units – heated surface. The surface that transfers heat to external heat sinks. 7. External heat sinks: Metal fins that transfer heat to the surrounding air. 8. Liquid nitrogen tank. Container containing high-purity LN₂ for emergency cooling. 9 Electrically controlled nitrogen valve A solenoid valve that releases liquid nitrogen during overheating. Front titanium wall: Front structural plate supporting the magnetic coupling system. 11 Dual magnetic coupling rings Rings that provide contactless torque transfer around the motor. 12 Rear partition plate Connection ports, insulation layers and safety valves rear panel containing. 16 Helium filling tube and valve To inject helium into the capsule and seal it. It is used. 17. General pressure relief valve: A safety valve that releases excess internal pressure. 18 O-ring seals are sealing rings that prevent gas or liquid leakage. 19 Mini thermal control unit Compact circuitry that manages Peltier units and nitrogen valves. card. 21 Motor phase ports (x3) Three electrical connection points connecting the motor to the controller. 22 Freon inlet and outlet ports. Two used for refrigerant flow and maintenance. 3 No. Component Name Description connection point. 23. Internal cable passage. Hermetic passage point for electrical cables and signal lines. 24 Upper bearing assembly. Bearing unit supporting the upper magnetic ring. Lower bearing assembly Bearing supporting the lower magnetic ring and motor shaft. unit. 27 Motor-bottom magnet link The mechanical system that transmits torque from the shaft to the lower magnetic ring. connection. 28. Top fan mounting point: The fixing point that connects the capsule to external fans. 29 External liquid nitrogen filling valve Used to fill the LN₂ tank before starting operation. valve with protective cap. Internal engine mounting base: A metal base that secures and aligns the engine with the center of the capsule. 31 Internal nitrogen relief valve Releasing excess LN₂ pressure within the cooling circuit mechanical valve. 10 20 30 35 40 4 Detailed Description of the Invention Entrance Below are some examples of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Detailed descriptions of the Nebit Capsule, developed for layered cooling, are provided in section 5. The invention is presented. It describes an active and passive mechanism that enables the operation of the motor within a closed capsule structure. It relates to a hybrid thermal management system that includes cooling elements together. Nebit Capsule; outer shell of the capsule (1), brushless internal motor (2), helium-filled inner chamber (3), spiral freon pipes (4), Peltier units (5, 6), external heat sinks (7), liquid nitrogen tank (8), electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9), double magnetic mating rings (11), rear partition plate (12) and related connection 10 It contains an integrated structure composed of various elements. The invention involves operating the engine without direct contact with the external environment, and controlling the heat inside the capsule. load reduction, transmission of motion via magnetic coupling mechanism and different operation The aim is to provide controlled cooling under these conditions. In this context, the system uses thermoelectric technology. The cooling system includes a freon circulation system and liquid nitrogen-assisted emergency cooling layers. 15 Figure 1 shows the general external structure of the Nebit Capsule, and Figure 2 shows the exploded view of the capsule components. Figure 3 shows the Peltier cooling system, Figure 4 shows the liquid nitrogen system, and Figure 5 shows the connection ports and internal passage. The structures are shown. 1. General Structure of the Capsule 20 Nebit Capsule ensures stable operation of brushless DC motors under high temperatures. It consists of a closed and leak-proof capsule structure developed for this purpose. The outer part of the capsule... Its body (1) is arranged in a cylindrical form to isolate the internal components from the external environment. The structure in question is shown in Figures 1 and 2. 25 The outer shell of the capsule (1) is made of carbon fiber, titanium or similar lightweight and durable materials. It is designed to be manufactured. The outer casing (1) houses the engine compartment, cooling elements and gas-filled It forms the main load-bearing structure of the system by surrounding the interior volume. Front titanium wall (10), double as a structural element supporting the section containing magnetic mating rings (11) It has been arranged. 30 Inside the capsule is a helium-filled inner chamber (3). This chamber holds the thermal energy inside the capsule. It will contain low-pressure helium gas in order to reduce the load and lower the internal resistance values. It is arranged as follows: Helium filling tube and valve (16), gas injection into the capsule. It is configured as a connecting element that enables this. The upper part of the capsule contains the upper fan mounting points (28), and this structure allows for the mounting of an external propeller or fan 35 It enables the systems to be connected to the capsule. The lower bearing group (25) ensures the connection of the moving magnetic structures to the capsule. It is designed as a load-bearing element that supports its balanced operation. The rear partition plate (12) located at the rear of the capsule contains the connectors, port structures and It is a supporting panel that carries the safety components. Motor phase ports (21) are external to the motor. They are arranged as connection points that provide the electrical connection with the control system. Also 40 The external liquid nitrogen filling valve (29) will allow the liquid nitrogen tank (8) to be filled from the outside environment. It is structured. The sealing structure inside the capsule consists of O-ring seals (18) and a general pressure relief valve (17). O-ring seals (18) are supported in connection areas to prevent gas and liquid leaks. It is located. The general pressure relief valve (17) controls the excess pressure inside the capsule. It is designed as a security element that enables the export of goods in this manner. 2. Motor Fixing and Magnetic Clutch Mechanism The brushless internal motor (2) inside the Nebit Capsule is placed inside the outer casing (1) of the capsule. It is fixed onto the internally positioned motor mounting base (30). This mounting structure is used to secure the motor. 50 to ensure it is held in a balanced position to withstand vibrations that may occur during operation. It is arranged. The internal engine mounting base (30) transfers the engine load to the capsule structure in a controlled manner. It is a supporting element. In Figure 2, the motor (2), the internal motor mounting base (30) and the related connection The layout is shown along with its elements. In the lower section of the brushless internal motor (2), the motor phase ports (21), freon tube connection passages and Sufficient space has been left for other internal connection elements. Thus, the cabling and 5 inside the capsule The cooling components are arranged in an orderly manner. The rear partition plate (12) ensures connection. and is designed as a supporting structure carrying the transition elements. Figure 5 shows the connection in question. Their structures are shown. The sealing structure inside the capsule consists of O-ring seals (18) and a general pressure relief valve (17). It is supported. O-ring seals (18) are used to prevent gas and liquid leaks in connection 10 They are located in these regions. The general pressure relief valve (17) can be used to relieve pressure that may occur inside the capsule. as a safety element that allows pressure increases to be released in a controlled manner. It has been arranged. Motion transmission in the Nebit Capsule is carried out via double magnetic coupling rings (11). This is achieved with a contactless magnetic coupling system. The structure in question is shown in Figures 1 and 2. It is shown that the double magnetic coupling rings (11) mechanical shaft outside the capsule of the motor movement. It is designed to be transferred without being used. The motor-submagnet coupling (27) transfers the rotational movement of the brushless internal motor (2) to the internal magnetic ring structure. It is configured as a transferring connector. Between the inner and outer magnetic rings, the front There is a titanium wall (10). The front titanium wall (10) provides a hermetic structure inside the capsule. It is designed with a thin structure that allows magnetic field passage while providing protection. Double magnetic mating rings (11), upper bearing group (24) and lower bearing group (25) This is supported by these bearing structures, which maintain the axial alignment of the magnetic rings, resulting in balanced performance. It provides rotational movement. In addition, the top fan mounting points (28) are for external propeller or fan systems. They are arranged as connecting elements that enable attachment to the capsule structure. 25 Thanks to this magnetic clutch system, the motor movement is transmitted directly to the outside of the capsule through mechanical contact. The transfer is done without requiring the creation of a shaft passage opening on the capsule surface. The hermetic structure is maintained without being detected, and the gas inside the capsule does not leak out. This is prevented. In addition, mechanical wear caused by friction is reduced thanks to the reduction of physical contact. Energy losses are being reduced. 30 3. Helium Indoor Environment Creating a controlled working environment around the brushless internal motor (2) inside the Nebit Capsule For this purpose, there is an inner chamber (3) filled with helium. This inner chamber (3) filled with helium is located outside the capsule. It is arranged as a closed volume structure located within the body (1). In Figure 2 The placement of the helium-filled inner chamber (3) inside the capsule is shown. 35 The helium-filled inner chamber (3) reduces the air density inside the capsule, thus reducing the flow around the motor. It is structured in such a way as to reduce its resistance. Thus, the brushless internal motor (2) is closed The aerodynamic drag generated during rotation within the volume is reduced, and energy losses are minimized. This helps to lower the temperature. In addition, the helium environment contributes to balancing the thermal load inside the capsule. By providing this, it supports the operational efficiency of other cooling elements. 40 Helium gas is injected into the capsule via a helium filling tube and valve (16). Helium filling tube and valve (16) are used to control gas filling into the capsule. It is designed as a connecting element that enables this. The filling in question is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Its structure is shown. To maintain the gaseous environment inside the capsule after helium filling, helium 45 The filling tube and valve (16) are supported by a mechanical closing structure. In addition, the capsule assembly Gas leakage is prevented in these areas by using O-ring seals (18). O-ring seals (18), outer shell of the capsule (1), rear compartment plate (12) and connection transition areas It is positioned to provide a leak-proof seal. Figures 2 and 5 show this sealing mechanism. The elements are shown. 50 Connectors and cable passages passing through the capsule are routed through the internal cable passage (23). They are hermetically sealed. Thus, the motor phase ports (21) and freon inlet and outlet ports (22) 6 Connections made through this method ensure that gas leakage is reduced. Figure 5 shows the relevant... Connection structures are shown. In order to control any pressure changes that may occur inside the capsule, the general pressure is maintained. A relief valve (17) is used. The general pressure relief valve (17) relieves the excess pressure that may occur inside the capsule. It is designed as a safety element that allows the pressure to be transferred to the external environment in a controlled manner. 5 Thanks to the helium environment used in the Nebit Capsule, the working conditions inside the capsule are more efficient. stabilization, reduction of internal resistance values ​​around the motor, and multi-layer cooling. The aim is to support their systems. 4. Active Cooling System – Peltier Units The active cooling system used in the Nebit Capsule consists of Peltier units that operate according to the thermoelectric principle. This will allow the heat from the engine surface to be transferred out of the capsule in a controlled manner. It is arranged. The system in question consists of Peltier unit – cold face (5), Peltier unit – hot face (6) and external The heat sinks (7) consist of components. The layout of the active cooling system is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. It is shown. Peltier unit – cold face (5) will absorb the heat generated around the brushless internal motor (2) 15 The outer shell of the capsule (1) is placed inside the Peltier unit – hot face (6) which absorbs the heat. It is designed to allow the heat to be transferred outside the capsule. Thus, the thermoelectric cooling principle The aim is to keep the temperature values ​​in the engine compartment under control using this method. The Peltier units are symmetrically positioned along the outer body (1) of the capsule. Thanks to the arrangement, the heat around the engine is distributed more evenly and the 20 inside the capsule Temperature differences are reduced. In Figure 3, Peltier unit – cold face (5), Peltier unit – The layered structure of the hot surface (6) and external heat sinks (7) is shown. The Peltier unit – hot surface (6) is arranged in thermal contact with the external heat sinks (7). External heat sinks (7), metal fin structures that allow heat transferred to the outer surface of the capsule to be dissipated to the ambient air. It is designed in such a way that the heat energy carried through the capsule is transferred to the external environment. that is intended. External heat sinks (7) are arranged in a ring shape or multiple fins around the outer shell (1) of the capsule. These structures can be arranged in the following way. This structure is formed from the natural airflow generated during flight. This allows for an increase in heat transfer efficiency. The operation of the active cooling system is controlled via the mini thermal control unit (19). Mini 30 The thermal control unit (19) sends the electrical current to the Peltier units according to the temperature values. It is configured as a regulating control element. Thus, Peltier units are only used when necessary. In these situations, it is activated and energy consumption is reduced. Figure 2 shows the mini thermal The location of the control unit (19) inside the capsule is shown. The active cooling system used in the Nebit Capsule provides the first thermal control layer in the engine compartment. 35 It is designed to create a freon circulation system and a liquid nitrogen-assisted cooling system. The aim is to reduce the surface temperature of the motor before it is put into operation. 5. Freon Cooling System The freon cooling system used in the Nebit Capsule continuously dissipates the heat generated in the engine compartment. It is designed as a closed-loop cooling structure that allows for the removal of moisture. The system in question is 40 It consists of coiled freon tubes (4), freon inlet and outlet ports (22) and related connection elements. Figures 2 and 5 show the structural layout of the freon system. The spiral freon tubes (4) are positioned helically around the brushless internal motor (2). Thus, the heat generated in the engine compartment is removed from the capsule and transferred to the freon circulation line. The spiral freon tubes (4) are provided by copper or 45 integrated into the outer shell (1) of the capsule. It is designed to be manufactured from materials with similar high thermal conductivity. The Freon circulation line is positioned close to the motor area to increase heat transfer efficiency. The aim is to convert the heat energy generated during engine operation into freon fluid. 7 It is absorbed by and transferred to cooling zones outside the capsule via a closed-loop circulation system. is being transferred. Freon inlet and outlet ports (22) allow the refrigerant to be directed into the capsule in a controlled manner. They are arranged as connecting elements that provide access. In Figure 5, the freon inlet and outlet ports (22), back The placement on the partition plate (12) is shown. 5 The connection passages of the Freon system are supported by internal cable passage (23) and O-ring seals (18). This aims to reduce gas and liquid leaks along the freon line. It also improves overall pressure. The relief valve (17) ensures the controlled release of any pressure increases that may occur within the system. It is designed as a security element providing this. Figure 5 shows the connection and security structures in question. It is shown. 10 The Freon refrigeration system will work together with Peltier units (5, 6) used in the active refrigeration system. It is structured in such a way that the heat taken from the motor surface by the Peltier units is converted into freon. It is ensured that heat is transferred to a wider surface through the circulation system. In addition, external heat sinks (7), Auxiliary cooling elements that support the dissipation of heat transferred from the freon system to the external environment. It is arranged as follows. Figure 2 shows the placement of the relevant components within the capsule. 15 The freon cooling system used in the Nebit Capsule provides continuous thermal balancing in the engine compartment. It is structured for this purpose. Thus, the temperature inside the capsule during long-term working conditions... The aim is to reduce accumulation and support other cooling layers. 6. Emergency Cooling System – Liquid Nitrogen System The liquid nitrogen system used in Nebit Capsules maintains the temperature inside the capsule above certain threshold values. It is designed as an auxiliary emergency cooling system that activates in case the temperature rises above a certain level. The system in question consists of a liquid nitrogen tank (8), an electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9) and an internal nitrogen relief valve (31) It consists of its components. Figures 1, 2, and 4 show the structures of the liquid nitrogen system. It is shown. Liquid nitrogen tank (8), insulated 25 that allows storage of cryogenic coolant inside the capsule. It is arranged as a reservoir structure. The tank structure in question is integrated into the outer body of the capsule (1). It can be arranged as an independent reservoir or a ring-shaped structure. Figure 1 and Figure The layout of the liquid nitrogen tank (8) is shown in 4. The electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9) enables the controlled release of liquid nitrogen flow. It is configured as a control element that provides electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9), mini thermal 30 It is arranged to work in conjunction with the control unit (19). Thus, inside the capsule When the temperature reaches the specified threshold level, the liquid nitrogen flow is automatically interrupted. It can be started. Figure 2 and Figure 4 show the placement of the electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9). It is shown. With the release of liquid nitrogen, the cryogenic fluid comes into contact with hot surfaces in the engine compartment. 35 by rapidly evaporating, the temperature inside the capsule is quickly reduced. This aims to protect the brushless internal motor (2) from excessive temperature conditions. The internal nitrogen relief valve (31) controls the excessive pressure that may occur in the liquid nitrogen system. It is designed as a security element that ensures the evacuation. Thanks to this structure... Increases in pressure that may occur during the cryogenic phase can damage the capsule structure. 40 This is prevented. Figure 4 shows the location of the internal nitrogen relief valve (31). The liquid nitrogen system will work in conjunction with the active cooling system and the freon circulation system. It is structured accordingly. Peltier units (5, 6) and helical freon tubes (4) provide In situations where continuous cooling is insufficient, a liquid nitrogen system acts as an auxiliary emergency cooling layer. is being put into operation. 45 Thanks to the liquid nitrogen system used in the Nebit Capsule, sudden temperature changes that may occur in the engine compartment are prevented. rapid control of increases and increased safety of work inside the capsule that is intended. 50 8 7. Cables and Hermetic Condensation Structure The cabling and passage system used in the Nebit Capsule facilitates the electrical connections within the capsule and while providing a connection between the refrigerant lines and the external environment, the hermetic structure inside the capsule It is designed to protect it. The structure in question consists of motor phase ports (21), freon inlet and outlet. 5 of the components ports (22), internal cable gateway (23), O-ring seals (18) and rear bulkhead plate (12) It consists of these structures. Figure 5 shows the relevant connection and transition structures. Motor phase ports (21) provide the electrical connection of the brushless internal motor (2) with external control systems. They are arranged as transmission points that provide energy within the capsule. It is configured to ensure that the transfer is carried out securely. Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 5 shows the placement of the motor phase ports (21) on the capsule. 10 Freon inlet and outlet ports (22) are arranged in connection with coiled freon tubes (4) These are the fittings that enable the circulation of refrigerant in a closed circuit. Freon inlet and... The outlet ports (22) form the external connection points of the freon line inside the capsule. In Figure 5 The layout of the freon inlet and outlet ports (22) on the rear partition plate (12) is shown. The internal cable passage (23), electrical cables, sensor connections and fluid passages are hermetically sealed to the outside of the capsule 15 It is designed as a transition structure that enables the transfer of cables in this way. The inner cable passage (23) is located outside the capsule. It is positioned between the body (1) and the rear partition plate (12). Thus, inside the capsule The aim is to protect the helium-filled inner chamber (3) from direct contact with the external environment. Figure Figure 5 shows the structural layout of the internal cable passage (23). O-ring seals (18) were used to ensure leak-proofness in hermetic transition zones. 20 O-ring seals (18) provide sealing that reduces gas and liquid leaks at the connection surfaces. It is arranged as elements. In addition, the general pressure relief valve (17) relieves excess pressure inside the capsule. It is configured as a safety element that allows for the controlled release of pressure. Figure 2 These safety and sealing structures are shown in Figure 5. Rear bulkhead plate (12), motor phase ports (21), freon inlet and outlet ports (22), internal cable gateway (23) and 25 It is designed as a structural support panel on which the relevant fasteners are carried. Thus, the capsule The internal connection lines are gathered in a controlled manner within a single transit zone. Thanks to the hermetic seal structure used in the Nebit Capsule, the helium environment inside the capsule is protected. protection, safe routing of refrigerant lines and external electrical connections The aim is to transfer it to the environment in a controlled manner. 30 8. Electronic Control Unit and Thermal Monitoring System The electronic control structure used in the Nebit Capsule monitors the temperature values ​​inside the capsule. for monitoring, managing cooling systems and controlling safety functions. The system in question consists of a mini thermal control unit (19), temperature sensors (15), motor phase It consists of ports (21) and related connection elements. In Figure 2, the mini thermal control unit (19) 35 Its location within the capsule is shown. The mini thermal control unit (19) processes the data from the temperature sensors (15) inside the capsule. It is arranged as an electronic control element. The control unit in question consists of Peltier units (5, 6), Freon works in conjunction with the circulatory system and the liquid nitrogen system. Thus, the capsule Depending on the temperature values ​​inside, different cooling layers are activated in a controlled manner. 40 It is ensured that it is received. Temperature sensors (15), brushless internal motor (2), coiled freon tubes (4) and active cooling They are positioned in the areas where the components are located. Thus, the temperature in the engine compartment... The aim is to continuously monitor the changes. Obtained from temperature sensors (15) The data are evaluated by the mini thermal control unit (19). 45 Motor phase ports (21) connect the motor and control components inside the capsule to external control systems. They are arranged as connection points that provide electrical connection. Also internal cable passage (23), a passage that allows sensor cables and control connections to be hermetically transferred outside the capsule. It is structured as such. Figure 5 shows these connection structures. 9 The electronic control system adjusts the multi-layer cooling structure according to the temperature values. It manages the active cooling system and freon circulation system under normal operating conditions. is activated, and if the temperature values ​​inside the capsule exceed certain threshold levels, The liquid nitrogen system is activated. This allows for the control of excessive temperature increases in the engine compartment. The aim is to bring it under control. 5 The electronic control structure used in the Nebit Capsule monitors temperature changes inside the capsule. to ensure continuous monitoring and controlled management of cooling systems This has been done to create more stable operating conditions in the engine compartment. that is intended. 9. External Heat Sinks and Ventilation Structure 10 The external heat sinks and ventilation structure, active cooling system and freon used in Nebit Capsule. To ensure that the heat transferred out of the capsule by the circulatory system is dissipated into the surrounding environment. The structure in question consists of: external heat sinks (7), Peltier unit – hot surface (6), outer shell of the capsule. (1) and consists of the relevant connecting elements. Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the external heat sinks (7) Its placement on the capsule is shown. 15 External heat sinks (7) are metal fin structures placed on the outer shell (1) of the capsule. It is arranged. The structure in question is the Peltier unit – the heat energy carried by the hot surface (6) to the outside. It is structured in a way that allows the temperature inside the capsule to be transferred to the environment. The aim is to reduce its accumulation. The Peltier unit – hot surface (6) is arranged in direct thermal contact with the external heat sinks (7). 20 Thus, the heat transferred from the engine compartment by the active cooling system is transferred through external heat sinks (7). It is dispersed into the ambient air. In Figure 3, the Peltier unit – hot surface (6) and external heat sinks (7) Its layered structure is shown. External heat sinks (7) are ring-shaped, semi-ring-shaped or multiple fins along the outer surface of the capsule. They can be arranged in the form of structures. Thanks to this structure, the natural air created around the capsule is 25 By utilizing the flow, heat transfer efficiency is increased. Ventilation openings are located on the outer shell (1) of the capsule to support air circulation. It can be created. Thus, the air flow that occurs during flight is around the external heat sinks (7). The aim is to direct and improve heat distribution. The freon cooling system connected with spiral freon tubes (4) will also work together with external heat sinks (7) 30 It is structured in such a way that the heat energy carried by the freon circulation system is also converted into external heat. The transfer of the relevant components to the surrounding environment is ensured through the receivers (7). In Figure 2, the capsule of the relevant components is shown. Its layout is shown. Thanks to the external heat sinks and ventilation structure used in the Nebit Capsule, the very air inside the capsule is protected. Layered cooling systems operate more stably and reduce heat loss to 35°C under long-term use conditions. The aim is to reduce its accumulation. 10. General Integration and Assembly Structure Nebit Capsule, motor system, cooling layers, hermetic passage structures and magnetic clutch. in a way that allows its components to work together seamlessly within a single closed capsule structure The structure in question consists of the outer shell of the capsule (1), brushless internal motor (2), and coiled freon tubes 40. (4), Peltier units (5, 6), external heat sinks (7), liquid nitrogen tank (8), double magnetic coupling rings (11), rear bulkhead plate (12), motor phase ports (21), freon inlet and outlet ports (22), internal cable passage (23), It consists of bearing assemblies (24, 25) and related connecting elements. Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 Figure 5 shows the overall integration structure of the system. During the assembly process, the outer shell of the capsule (1) is prepared first and the rear partition plate (12) 45 Connection transition zones are placed on it. Motor phase ports (21), freon inlet and outlet ports (22) and the internal cable passage (23), the connection lines inside the capsule are brought to the external environment in a controlled manner. They are positioned in a way that will allow the transfer of information. Figure 5 shows the relevant transition structures. The brushless internal motor (2) is fixed onto the internal motor mounting base (30). Motor-bottom magnet The connection (27) will enable the motor movement to be transferred to the double magnetic coupling rings (11). It is arranged in this way. In addition, the upper bearing group (24) and the lower bearing group (25) are magnetically actuated. They are structured as load-bearing elements that support the balanced operation of the system. Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows the relevant assembly structures. 5 After the motor assembly is completed, coiled freon tubes (4) are placed around the motor. and active cooling system components are integrated into the capsule. Peltier unit – cold face (5), While positioned close to the engine area, the Peltier unit – hot face (6) is thermally connected to external heat sinks (7) They are arranged in contact. Thus, the heat generated in the engine compartment is transferred out of the capsule. This is provided. Figures 2 and 3 show the cooling structures in question. 10 Liquid nitrogen tank (8), electrically controlled nitrogen valve (9) and internal nitrogen relief valve (31) in capsule form An emergency cooling system is created by integrating the external liquid nitrogen filling valve (29), liquid nitrogen It is designed as a connecting element that allows the tank (8) to be filled from the outside environment. Figure 1, Figure Figures 2 and 4 show the placement of the relevant components. The hermetic structure inside the capsule consists of O-ring seals (18), a general pressure relief valve (17) and helium 15 It is supported by a filling tube and valve (16). Thus, the outer part of the helium-filled inner chamber (3) The aim is to isolate it from the environment and reduce gas leaks. After the assembly process is complete, sealing, vibration and cooling performance tests are performed on the capsule structure. Tests can be carried out. Thus, the multi-layered cooling systems inside the capsule and The stable operation of the magnetic coupling mechanism is verified. 20 Thanks to the overall integrated structure used in Nebit Capsules; active cooling system, freon circulation The system, liquid nitrogen system, and magnetic clutch mechanism are combined within a single capsule structure. By bringing these components together, a compact and integrated hybrid cooling system is created. Practical Applications Nebit Capsule is designed for controlling the heat generated in brushless DC motors (BLDC). It is an improved hybrid cooling system that can be adapted to different application areas. The outer shell of the capsule (1) is designed with multilayer cooling systems, hermetic structure and magnetic Thanks to its coupling mechanism, the system ensures stable thermal management under long-term operating conditions. It can be used for this purpose. The Nebit Capsule keeps engine temperature under control in long-duration unmanned aerial vehicles. It can be used for containment purposes, especially in high temperatures, limited airflow, or continuous conditions. In operations requiring work; active cooling system, freon circulation system and liquid nitrogen supported emergency The cooling system works together to balance the heat in the engine compartment. The system is used for air transportation, infrastructure monitoring, long-range observation, professional aerial imaging, and It can be used in similar commercial applications. In such applications, the capsule contains a large amount of 35. Thanks to the layered cooling structure, engine performance is maintained more stably. that is intended. Nebit Capsule is also used in robotics and industrial systems in confined spaces where ventilation is limited. It is structured in a way that allows it to be used in workplaces where natural airflow is insufficient. In these environments, it is possible to reduce temperature increases in the engine compartment. 40 The system can also be used in environmental monitoring, scientific research, and disaster response applications. It is arranged in this way. Especially during long-term data collection tasks, in the engine area The aim is to maintain temperature control and increase system stability. The structural design of the Nebit Capsule accommodates different engine sizes and different platform structures. It is designed to be adaptable and scalable. Thus, the system is a multi-engine air 45 can be used in vehicles, land robots, marine robotics and similar electric motorized platforms. that is intended. Nebit Capsule combines multi-layer cooling systems within a single hermetic structure. Thanks to this, it offers an integrated thermal management solution that can be used in different operating conditions. 50

Claims

REQUESTS Independent Request 1. The invention is a hybrid cooling system developed for brushless motors used in unmanned aerial vehicles. Its characteristic feature is that it is a capsule; • a hermetically sealed capsule housing in which the engine is placed, • Cooling system providing multi-layered thermal management in the engine compartment, • Contactless motion transmission structure that enables the transfer of motor movement outside the capsule, • Leak-proof transition structures for electrical connections and fluid lines It includes. Dependent Claims 2. According to Claim 1, it is a hybrid cooling capsule characterized by having an inner chamber containing helium gas.

3. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Request 1 or 2, and its characteristic feature is that it contains thermoelectric cooling units in a cooling system that provides multi-layer thermal management.

4. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 3, and its characteristic feature is that the thermoelectric cooling units are Peltier-type. It consists of modules.

5. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that the cooling system includes coiled coolant tubes positioned around the engine.

6. According to claim 5, it is a hybrid cooling capsule characterized by a helical arrangement of refrigerant tubes.

7. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that its cooling system includes a liquid nitrogen-based emergency cooling structure.

8. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 7, and its feature is that the liquid nitrogen-based emergency cooling system is activated in a controlled manner under high temperature conditions. 35 11 9. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that its contactless motion transmission structure consists of a magnetic motion transmission mechanism.

10. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to claim 1 or 9, characterized by its magnetic motion transmission mechanism that transmits motor motion outside the capsule without physical shaft connection.

11. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that its leak-proof transition structures contain hermetic transition elements for electrical connections and fluid lines.

12. It is a hybrid cooling capsule according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that the capsule body is manufactured from carbon fiber, titanium, aluminum alloy, or lightweight metal materials. 35 40 12

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