Combing machine.

Abstract

The invention relates to a carding machine with an inlet side for fiber flocs, where the carding machine is designed to feed the fiber flocs into a rotary drum (4) via at least one breaker (3a, 3b, 3c), where the fiber flocs are unwound, guided and cleaned between the fixed carding elements and the rotary cap rods (17) and the drum (4) until they become independent fibers, and the resulting fiber web can be transferred from the drum (4) onto a carder (5), downstream of which a device is arranged to convert the fiber web into a fiber band. The characteristic feature of the invention is that it includes a first and a second extraction device (20, 21) designed to completely extract the evacuable and non-evaluable fibers and fiber components, separated from each other, at all the fully extractable workstations of the carding machine.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a carding machine according to the preamble of claim 1, with an inlet side for fiber flakes, wherein the carding machine is configured to feed the fiber flakes to a rotating drum by means of at least one pre-tearer. On the drum, the fiber flakes are broken down, aligned, and cleaned between fixed carding elements and circulating cover bars down to the individual fiber. The resulting fiber mat is transferred from the drum to a receiver, to which a device for converting the fiber mat into a fiber sliver is arranged.

[0002] According to the state of the art, extraction devices are known for carding machines with moving covers, in which waste and short fibers are extracted at the working points. These working points include, among others, the pre-tear rollers, the carding surfaces on the drum, the moving cover, as well as the take-up area and the fiber sliver formation areas. The extraction devices can be designed as tubular extraction hoods, which usually extend across the working width of the carding machine and are pressurized via a central extraction line from the spinning mill's preparation area. A distinction is made between predominantly non-fiber waste, such as dust, shell fragments, and trash, and fiber-containing waste. The waste in the inlet area of ​​the carding machine in the direction of material flow, i.e., in the area of ​​the pre-tear roller, contains more dirty and heavy non-fiber components such as shell remnants, dust, and trash.The extraction devices on the surrounding conveyor cover and on the receiving side primarily separate clean, fibrous waste, which the spinning mill operator would like to reuse. The predominantly non-fibrous waste can also, in principle, be further processed and recycled, but this requires a very high level of effort for a small benefit and is therefore not used by most operators of spinning mill preparation equipment. Hereinafter, this predominantly non-fibrous waste will be referred to as non-recyclable fibers and fiber components to distinguish it from recyclable fibers and fiber components without further explanation.

[0003] It is also known that individual extraction zones can be operated separately from the central extraction system; for example, a separate pre-shredder extraction system or a separate extraction system for the surrounding moving cover area are operated independently from the other extraction devices. By separately removing the waste, for example at the pre-shredder, the remaining waste from the carding machine becomes proportionally of higher quality and can thus be further processed by the customer. However, this does not achieve a complete separation of the waste types.

[0004] In a known device (EP 0 750 059), the discharge from the pre-tearer is not continuously removed, but falls into a collection box located below the pre-tearer and is periodically removed. This eliminates the need for continuous suction in the pre-tearer area. Intermittent emptying of the collection box thus limits the suction effect in the pre-tearer area to an extremely short period, which has no significant impact on fiber loss. In contrast, continuous suction is required at the suction points provided in the carding machine.In a carding machine where the vacuum generated by a central suction system is applied to the cleaning points via a collecting line, the waste collected in the collection box is emptied by intermittently actuating a valve. This valve connects the collection box to the collecting line and empties the waste line itself. During this emptying process, the valve maintains a reduced vacuum at the cleaning points. The pressure at all cleaning points of the main cylinder is reduced equally, but only briefly. However, the cleaning points are almost continuously fully vacuumed. A disadvantage is the large total volume of air required for waste removal. This problem is exacerbated when the number of cleaning points increases with rising production and quality demands.This further increases the amount of air required for waste disposal, leading to high energy consumption and therefore higher operating costs.

[0005] German patent DE 10143671 discloses a carding machine with an extraction device in which groups of extraction points are combined. These groups of extraction points can be selectively partially or fully extracted, thereby reducing the total required air volume. Partial extraction allows the necessary waste to be extracted from the work area. However, partial extraction is insufficient for extraction to the central extraction point of the spinning preparation area. For this purpose, the system periodically switches between partial and full extraction to completely remove the waste from the carding machine.

[0006] Further carding machines according to the prior art are disclosed in FR 1 258 682 A, JP S51 4331 A, EP 3 282 044 A1 and CH 695 617 A5. CH 695 617 A5 discloses the features of the preamble of independent claim 1.

[0007] The disadvantages of this state of the art are that, firstly, the required amount of air is too large, and secondly, no sufficient separation is made between the dirt and the recyclable fibers.

[0008] Accordingly, the invention is based on the objective of further developing a carding machine in such a way that the suction power is reduced and an efficient separation is made between the predominantly cleaned-out dirt, i.e. the non-recyclable fibers and fiber components, and the recyclable fibers.

[0009] The invention solves the stated problem by means of a system with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

[0010] The invention relates to a carding machine with an inlet side for fiber flakes, wherein the carding machine is configured to feed the fiber flakes to a rotating drum by means of at least one pre-tearer. On the drum, the fiber flakes are broken down, aligned, and cleaned between fixed carding elements and circulating cover bars down to the individual fiber. The resulting fiber mat is transferred from the drum to a receiver, to which a device for converting the fiber mat into a fiber sliver is arranged.

[0011] The invention includes the technical teaching that the carding machine has a first and a second extraction device designed to completely extract the usable and non-usable fibers and fiber components separately from each other at all extraction points of the carding machine. Spinning mill operators can thus fully recycle their usable fibers and fiber components and feed them separately from the non-usable fibers and fiber components, for example, to an upstream cleaning machine. In contrast to the prior art, a complete separation of the usable and non-usable fibers and fiber components takes place at all extraction points of the carding machine. For example, depending on the carding machine settings and the quality of cotton being processed, operators of the spinning mill preparation area can recycle up to 3.5% of the total amount of fiber processed, thereby reducing costs and increasing productivity.The percentage figures used here refer to a measurement with Turkish cotton, which is processed into a fiber sliver at a speed of 170m / min and a carding productivity of 50.2kg / h.

[0012] Working areas include, for example, the transfer points between the fibers from one roller to the next, the carding points between the carding elements and the drum, the rejecting elements such as knives or edges, and the cleaning devices on the moving cover and the stripper roller. Extraction at these working areas is usually achieved using extraction hoods that extend across the working width of the carding machine.

[0013] According to the invention, the first extraction device is designed to extract at least the usable fibers and fiber components from the extraction points of the main carding zone, the post-carding zone, and the area of ​​the take-off unit. This allows for the recycling of nearly 98% of the total usable fibers and fiber components that accumulate on the carder after the pre-tearer and the pre-carding zone. Additionally, the floor under the drum and the hopper for forming the fiber ribbon after the take-off unit can also be equipped with an extraction system to remove the usable fibers and fiber components. At these two points, the accumulation of fibers is very low compared to the main carding zone, the post-carding zone, and the cleaning roller on the take-off unit's stripping roller. Furthermore, not every type of carder has a extraction device for the floor under the drum.

[0014] According to the invention, the first extraction device has at least the extraction cleaning device, the extraction wandering cover, the extraction post-carding zone and the extraction stripping roller, wherein the extractions can be designed in the form of hoods that extend over the entire working width of the carding machine.

[0015] Additionally, the first extraction device can include the extraction funnel and / or the extraction drum bottom if the carding design provides for these work areas.

[0016] The second extraction system is designed to remove non-recyclable fibers and fiber components from the extraction points in the area of ​​the pre-tearer and the pre-carding zone. This allows, for example, up to 5.6% of the total processed fiber quantity to be extracted as dust, bran, and trash, so that almost exclusively recyclable fibers and fiber components are present at the subsequent extraction points. The total percentage of recyclable and non-recyclable fibers and fiber components extracted and separated depends heavily on the carding settings and the quality of cotton being processed.

[0017] The second extraction device includes at least the extraction system for the upper pre-carding zone, the extraction system for the pre-carding zone, and the extraction system for the pre-tearer. These extraction systems can also be designed as extraction hoods extending across the entire working width of the carding machine.

[0018] The first and second extraction devices can be designed to be continuously fully suctioned with a negative pressure of 500–800 Pascals. This full suction, unlike current technology, ensures continuous cleaning of the work areas.

[0019] Because the first and second extraction devices are designed to direct the extracted fibers and non-recyclable fiber components either to separate collection devices, filters or condensers, or to a common collection device, filter or condenser, the spinning mill operator can flexibly decide whether to further recycle the recyclable fibers and fiber components.

[0020] Advantageously, the first extraction device is designed to feed the usable fibers and fiber components to a mixer or cleaner in the cleaning unit upstream of the carding machine. This creates a closed loop in which the separated usable fibers are directly fed into further processing. Overall, the amount of waste is reduced.

[0021] Further measures improving the invention are described in more detail below together with a description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures.

[0022] They show: Figure 1: a side view of a schematically represented carding machine according to the prior art; Figure 2: a schematically represented carding machine with the extraction device according to the invention.

[0023] Fig. 1Figure 1 shows a carding machine according to the prior art, in which fiber flakes are guided via a chute to a feed roller 1, a feed table 2, via several pre-tears 3a, 3b, 3c, to the drum 4 or the tambour. On the drum 4, the fibers of the fiber flakes are parallelized and cleaned by means of stationary and rotating carding elements 14, 17. The pre-carding zone is formed by the stationary carding elements 14 between the pre-tears 3a - 3c and the moving cover 16. The main carding zone is formed by the rotating cover bars 17 of the moving cover 16. The post-carding zone is formed by the stationary carding elements 14, which are arranged between the moving cover 16 and the take-up device 5. In the pre- and post-carding zones, suction hoods 18 are arranged between the stationary carding elements 14, which interact with knives, sets, or other reject elements.The resulting fiber web is subsequently conveyed via a take-up roller 5, a stripper roller 6, and several squeeze rollers 8, 9 to a nonwoven guide element 10, which, with a hopper 11, forms the fiber web into a fiber ribbon. This ribbon is then transferred via take-up rollers 12, 13 to a downstream processing machine or a can 15. The removal of the fibers from the take-up roller 5 is supported by a nonwoven guide profile 7, which is arranged below the stripper roller 6. A cleaning roller 6a is arranged above the stripper roller 6, which removes fiber residue from the stripper roller 6 and feeds it to a suction device (not otherwise specified).

[0024] Figure 2Figure 1 shows a side view of the carding machine's working elements with two separate extraction devices. A first extraction device 20 exclusively removes fibrous and recyclable waste from the carding machine's working areas. It includes an extraction port 20a on the cover stripping hood, i.e., the cleaning device 19, which removes the fibers from the circulating cover bars 17. Another extraction port 20b, for the traveling cover, is located in the area of ​​the traveling cover 16 opposite the cleaning device 19, on the deflection device for the cover bars 17, before the covers bar sets 17 re-engage with the drum set 4. In the area of ​​the post-carding zone, further extraction ports 20c are arranged, which remove the fibers from the extraction hoods 18. The extraction port 20d, for the stripper roller, removes the fibers from the cleaning roller 6a, which cleans the stripper roller 6 of the take-up unit 5.Below the drum 4, a further suction opening, drum bottom 20f, can be arranged to extract the fibers from below the drum 4. A suction pipe, funnel 20e, is designed to connect to and extract the area of ​​the funnel 11 via a pipe (not shown). According to the invention, the first suction opening 20 is designed to extract the fibers from the area of ​​the main carding zone, i.e., the rotating cover 16, the post-carding zone with the fixed carding elements 14, the area of ​​the pickup 4, and the drum bottom 20f, and to separately supply them for further processing. The cross-section of the first suction opening 20 increases continuously from the area of ​​the drum bottom to above the rotating cover 16.

[0025] The second extraction system 21 is designed to extract predominantly non-recyclable fiber components, i.e., dust, shell fragments, and trash, and is operated independently of the first extraction system 20. It comprises exclusively the areas of the pre-tearer 3a-3c with one extraction system pre-tearer 21c, the pre-carding zone with at least one or more extraction systems pre-carding zone 21b, and the extraction system upper pre-carding zone 21a.

[0026] For example, in a carding machine, the second extraction system 21 is operated with an exhaust air volume of 1900m³ / h, whereby a total of 5.6% of the total processed fiber quantity of 100kg / h is extracted from the extraction points 21a, 21b and 21c as non-recyclable fibers and fiber components in the form of dust, shell parts and trash.

[0027] The first extraction device 20 operates simultaneously with an exhaust air volume of 2300 m³ / h, whereby a total of 3.5% of the total processed fiber quantity of 100 kg / h is extracted separately as recyclable fibers by the second extraction device 21. Approximately 2% of the carding production is attributable to the extraction of the cleaning device 20a, and 1.5% to the extraction of the post-carding zone 20c and the extraction of the stripping roller 20d. The quantity of fibers from the extraction of the drum bottom 20f and the area of ​​the hopper 20e is negligible. The percentages used here refer to a measurement with Turkish cotton on a carding machine TC23, in which the cotton flakes are processed into a fiber ribbon at a speed of 170 m / min and a carding productivity of 50.2 kg / h. Overall, the waste amounted to 9.3% of the processed fiber quantity.

[0028] Both extraction devices 20 and 21 are operated in conjunction with the central exhaust system of the spinning mill preparation area at a negative pressure of 500–800 Pascals. This ensures continuous full suction at all extraction points. The airflows from extraction devices 20 and 21 are then directed to separate filters or condensers. The usable fibers from extraction device 20 can, for example, be fed to cleaning machines in the spinning mill preparation area, such as mixers or cleaners, or they can be collected separately and further processed.

[0029] The invention provides for separate extraction between all usable fibers and fiber components and all non-usable fibers and fiber components, whereby the customer can decide whether to return the usable fibers and fiber components to the spinning preparation process. If the customer chooses not to do so, the first extraction device 20 is connected to the second extraction device 21 by connecting the hoppers of the extraction devices 20 and 21 and directing them together with the extraction pipe of the spinning preparation to a common filter. Reference sign

[0030] 1 Feed roller 2 Feed table 3a, b, c Tearer 4 Drum 5 Take-off 5a Fitting 6 Stripper roller 6a Cleaning roller 7 Fleece guide profile 8 Squeeze roller 9 Squeeze roller 10 Fleece guide element 11 Hopper 12 Take-off roller 13 Take-off roller 14 Fixed carding element 15 Can 16 Traveling lid 17 Lid rod 18 Extraction hood 19 Cleaning device 20 First extraction device 20a Extraction cleaning device 20b Extraction traveling lid 20c Extraction post-carding zone 20d Extraction stripper roller 20e Extraction pipe hopper 20f Extraction drum bottom 21 Second extraction device 21a Extraction upper pre-carding zone 21b Extraction pre-carding zone 21c Extraction tearer

Claims

1. Card with an entry side for fibre tufts, the card being designed to feed the fibre tufts via at least one licker-in (3a, 3b, 3c) to a rotating cylinder (4), the fibre tufts being broken up, aligned and cleaned between fixed carding elements (14) and surrounding flat for cards (17) and the cylinder (4) down to the individual fibre, and the resulting fibre web can be transferred from the cylinder (4) to a doffer (5), downstream of which is located a device for converting the fibre web into a band of fibres, with a main carding area, which consists of the surrounding flat for card (17) of a revolving flat (16), and with a post-carding area, which consists of fixed carding elements (14), which are located between the revolving flat (16) and the doffer (5), with the card having a first and a second suction device (20, 21) which are designed to fully suction away the recyclable and non-recyclable fibres and fibre elements separately from one another at all suctioned working points of the card, and characterised by the first suction device (20) being designed to completely suction away at least the recyclable fibres and fibre elements from the suctioned working points of the main carding area, the post-carding area and from the doffer area (5), where the first suction device (20) comprises at least one suction cleaning device (20a), one suction revolving flat (20b), one suction post-carding area (20c) and one suction stripping roller (20d).

2. The card according to claim 1, characterised by the second suction device (21) being designed to suction off the non-recyclable fibres and fibre elements from the suctioned working areas in the licker-in area (3a - 3c) and a pre-carding area.

3. A card according to claim 2, characterised by the first suction device (20) additionally including a suction system funnel (20e) and / or a suction system cylinder bottom (20f).

4. Card according to claim 2, characterised by the second suction device (21) including at least the suction system upper pre-carding area (21a), the suction system pre-carding area (21b) and the suction system licker-in (21c).

5. A card according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by the first and second suction devices (20, 21) being designed to apply continuous suction with a negative pressure of 500 - 800 pascals.

6. A card according to claim 1, characterised by the first and second suction devices (20, 21) each being connected to separate filters or condensers in order to direct the extracted fibres and non-recyclable fibre elements to separate collecting devices, filters or condensers, or by the funnels of the suction devices (20, 21) being connected to each other in order to direct the extracted fibres and non-recyclable fibre elements to a shared collecting device, filter or condenser.

7. A card according to claim 1 or 6, characterised by the first suction device (20) being designed to feed the recyclable fibres and fibre elements to a mixer or cleaner in the blowroom upstream of the card.