A TRANSITION STRUCTURE FOR BRIDGING A STRUCTURAL JOINT.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transition structure (10B) for bridging the structural joint (14) between two structural parts ((12) and (12b)) of a structure (12). The transition structure (10B) has at least two traverses (16) placed at the structural edges and at least one lamella (20) placed on them in a sliding manner, where a main shear surface (22) is arranged between at least one traverse (16) and at least one lamella (20). The main shear surface (22) has at least two partial shear surfaces (22a, 22b), each arranged in shear planes (34a, 34b) angled to each other, where the shear planes ((34a) and (34b)) converge at a common intersection line (S) forming an axis of movement (A) along which the lamella (20) can move relative to the traverse (16). In this case, at least one slip plane (34a, 34b) is arranged at an oblique angle to a plane of motion (B) of the transition structure (10B).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a transition structure for bridging a structural joint between two structural parts of a building.

[0002] Typical transition structures usually have at least two crossbeams mounted at the edges of the structure and at least one lamella mounted slidably on them, with a main sliding surface arranged between at least one crossbeam and at least one lamella.

[0003] Such transition structures for bridging a structural joint are, in principle, sufficiently well known from the prior art. See, for example, EP 0 338 124 A2.

[0004] These types of transition structures are primarily used at road surface expansion joints, particularly in road and railway bridge construction, where, in addition to the necessary force transfer, relative displacements of the structural components need to be accommodated. The basic principle is that the crossbeams are arranged perpendicular to the joint in the structure, thus bridging it.

[0005] The crossbeams can be fixed to the edges of the structure as cantilevers, as is the case, for example, in DE69500386T2. Alternatively, the crossbeams can be mounted on at least one structural element in a crossbeam box so that they can be rotated and / or slidably, or they can be designed to be telescopically slidable, so that corresponding movements of the two structural elements relative to each other are compensated without stress in the crossbeams. One or more lamellae are mounted transversely to the crossbeams, closing the gap between the two structural elements sufficiently to allow safe passage for vehicles and people. The lamellae are horizontally spaced approximately evenly from each other by a control system and are slidably mounted relative to the crossbeams below. This allows the transition structure to adapt flexibly to varying dimensions of the structural joint.This ensures a secure bridging of the structural joint at all times. At the same time, damage to the structure and the transition structure due to excessive stress and loads can be avoided.

[0006] To achieve precise guidance of the lamellae along the longitudinal axis of the crossbeams, guiding sliding bearings are currently used at their intersection points. The sliding bearing is preferably attached to the lamella, so that a main sliding surface of both components is located between the sliding bearing and the crossbeam. This main sliding surface is horizontally oriented to transfer vertical loads from the lamella via the sliding bearing to the crossbeam while simultaneously allowing displacement of the lamella relative to the crossbeam. Preferably, the sliding bearing engages the crossbeam from above on both sides or lies in a correspondingly shaped groove, so that, in addition to the horizontal main sliding surface, two vertical guide surfaces are formed between the sliding bearing and the crossbeam. Thus, when a horizontal force is applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crossbeam, the lamella can move along it relative to the crossbeam.Any horizontal forces acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the traverse are, however, transferred in the area of ​​the vertical guide surfaces between the lamella and the traverse.

[0007] Although, for the sake of simplicity, all orientations of surfaces, axes, and forces are described here as horizontal or vertical, they are not limited to a horizontal or vertical plane or direction in the strict sense. In the present disclosure, such orientation specifications refer only to the plane of movement of the transition structure or bridge. The plane of movement is defined at an intersection point of the crossbeam with the lamella, for example, by the axis of movement of the lamella along the crossbeam and the longitudinal axis of the lamella or a corresponding parallel. This applies particularly if the transition structure is installed at an angle. In this case, the orientation of the main horizontal sliding surface may differ from a horizontal plane in the strict sense and may also be inclined.The same applies to the vertical guide surfaces arranged perpendicular to them and the correspondingly described force effects.

[0008] The lamellae can also be mounted to rotate relative to the crossbeams at their respective intersection points. A kinematic control principle enables rotation around the vertical axis with minimal resistance. Such kinematic control principles are used, for example, in the "Maurer swivel crossbeam" for road bridge expansion joints or the "Maurer moving sleeper" for railway bridge construction. Preferably elastic rotation around the two horizontal axes allows for adaptation to tolerances and differences in expansion, as well as the replacement of wear parts, while simultaneously transmitting traffic loads.

[0009] The transmission of torques, for example from the horizontal forces introduced at the road surface during braking and acceleration, is usually achieved through the aforementioned torsional resistance of the sliding bearings around the horizontal axes, through additional, guided sliding elements below the crossbeam, or through independent support elements.

[0010] In known transition structures, a functional separation between vertical and horizontal force transmission occurs at the intersection of a lamella and a crossbeam. While vertical loads are absorbed by the crossbeam via the horizontal main sliding surface, horizontal forces acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crossbeam are transmitted in the area of ​​the vertical guide surfaces between the lamella and the crossbeam. The standard DIN EN 1337-2:2004 for bearings in civil engineering stipulates in section 6.8 that the main sliding surface must be designed such that no gap forms under its service conditions. In contrast to bridge bearings, the loads in transition structures are almost exclusively variable. Therefore, the basic load from self-weight is absent, and verification of a gap-free joint cannot generally be achieved despite preloading of the sliding elements.Therefore, sliding materials are also used for the main sliding surface that are normally only intended for guides and exhibit increased wear behavior and increased sliding resistance.

[0011] According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12 for the fundamentals of structural design, the serviceability limit state extends to and including the serviceability limit state. If this limit state is exceeded, the specified conditions for the serviceability of a structure or a component are no longer met. Thus, limit states that affect the function of the structure or one of its parts under normal service conditions, the well-being of the users, or the appearance of the building are also classified as serviceability limit states.

[0012] In special transition structures designed for extreme events such as an earthquake, the serviceability limit may still be reached when such an event occurs. This applies particularly to the state after the activation of any emergency or buffer functions, which are only used in extreme cases. For example, during the serviceability limit, the sliding plate is designed to be lifted away from the intermediate bearing section.

[0013] Despite this proven principle of force transmission, it has been observed that, especially during prolonged use of such transition structures, significant amounts of dust, dirt, or other foreign matter can accumulate in the area of ​​the sliding surfaces. If regular maintenance of the transition structures is not carried out, this can lead to increased wear of the sliding material or impairment of the sliding behavior of the transition structures. This is primarily due to the fact that, in such functional separations between vertical and horizontal force transmission, a certain amount of play exists between the respective components of the guide, which is fundamentally unavoidable. Thus, a gap is present in the area of ​​the vertical guide surfaces during the transition structure's service life. This play, or gap, also results in edge pressure in the area of ​​the guide surfaces.The result is uneven force transmission within the transition structures, which can lead to increased and uneven wear of the sliding material. Furthermore, due to the clearance, the guide surfaces can only be lubricated initially; a continuous supply of lubricant is not guaranteed. Additionally, a sliding material capable of withstanding high local pressures must be used. Consequently, sliding materials with relatively poor sliding properties due to relatively high coefficients of friction are ultimately employed. This results in less than optimal control behavior of the corresponding transition structure.

[0014] Although the main horizontal sliding surface is designed to be backlash-free, the aforementioned disadvantages also apply here due to the gaping joint resulting from the load combination and the suitable, at best initially lubricated, sliding material.

[0015] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved transition design which is as simple as possible in its construction and which operates as maintenance-free and reliably as possible for as long as possible, even under increased force, so that costs and effort in manufacturing and during operation can be reduced.

[0016] The problem described above is solved according to the invention with a transitional construction according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention are set out in dependent claims 2 to 30.

[0017] The transition structure according to the invention is thus characterized in that the main sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, each arranged in sliding planes angled relative to one another, the sliding planes meeting in a common line of intersection which forms an axis of movement along which the lamella can move relative to the crossbeam. At least one sliding plane is arranged obliquely to a plane of movement of the transition structure. In the present disclosure, an oblique arrangement is understood to mean an arrangement of the corresponding elements that is neither parallel nor orthogonal to one another.

[0018] Furthermore, the transition structure includes at least one truss box in which one end of the truss is slidably and / or rotatably mounted. Such truss boxes are generally located at the respective mounting points of the truss in the area of ​​the structural components and provide, in particular, buffer space for any kind of movement of the truss. Thus, any movement of the two structural components relative to each other can be compensated for.

[0019] The two angled partial sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface achieve a combined function of vertical and horizontal force transmission between the lamella and the crossbeam. This allows the main sliding surface of the transition structure to absorb all vertical forces as well as horizontal forces acting perpendicular to the axis of movement. The previously used vertical guide surfaces are therefore no longer required, as their functions are fully fulfilled by the main sliding surface. This significantly simplifies the design of the transition structure, reducing manufacturing costs and the often limited installation space. Furthermore, the elimination of the lateral vertical guide surfaces removes the need for guide clearance, thus greatly reducing the ingress of dirt and foreign matter into the sliding surface.This design allows the use of common sliding materials in the main sliding surfaces for bridge bearings.

[0020] With the continuous and uniform pressure in the area of ​​the main sliding surface, permanently lubricated sliding materials, such as those known from the standard DIN EN 1337-2:2004 for bearings in civil engineering, are now particularly suitable for guiding. These materials have a low coefficient of friction and are therefore particularly wear-resistant. In tests conducted by the applicant, the durability of such sliding materials was already demonstrated at a cumulative sliding distance up to 25 times greater in the current leading main sliding surface than in the previously separate guide surfaces.

[0021] Furthermore, the two mutually inclined sliding surfaces ensure continuous self-centering of the lamella on the crossbeam with respect to the axis of movement. The lamella is thus optimally positioned relative to the crossbeam at all times, and potential edge pressures along the axis of movement are avoided. Bearing play due to any vertically oriented guide surfaces is eliminated.

[0022] Advantageously, the two sliding surfaces enclose a first angle, which is chosen such that the angle lies between 60 and 160 degrees, preferably at 90 degrees. With a more acute first angle, the respective angled partial sliding surfaces can absorb correspondingly high horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of movement. At the same time, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. This prevents a gap in the area of ​​the main sliding surface and ensures the smoothest possible movement of the lamella relative to the crossbeam along the axis of movement.

[0023] By adjusting the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, or by selecting the first angle, the ratio between the maximum permissible vertical force and horizontal force in this area of ​​the transition structure can be optimally adjusted. With a suitable selection of the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, a gaping joint in the area of ​​the main sliding surface can thus be avoided in the service life of the transition structure, even with maximum horizontal force combined with a correspondingly minimum vertical force. At the same time, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used in the area of ​​the main sliding surface.

[0024] Preferably, the main sliding surface has exactly two, and most preferably only two, partial sliding surfaces. This makes the transition structure according to the invention as simple as possible. The two partial sliding surfaces can, for example, form a continuous main sliding surface that is only bent once in the region of the axis of movement. Here, in addition to the two sliding planes angled relative to each other, the two partial sliding surfaces also intersect along the axis of movement. Alternatively, the two partial sliding surfaces can also be formed separately from each other in their respective sliding planes.

[0025] Preferably, the two sliding planes are arranged such that the line of intersection runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of a crossbeam. Thus, the axis of movement also runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of a crossbeam. With this configuration, the entire transition structure is subjected to the most uniform load possible with respect to force transmission. Furthermore, the lamella can move uniformly with identical resistance in both directions along the axis of movement.

[0026] Advantageously, several main sliding surfaces are arranged along a crossbeam and form a common axis of movement. This shared axis of movement allows the lamella to move along the crossbeam with minimal resistance. Furthermore, the crossbeam's design is as simple as possible, reducing manufacturing effort and costs. Preferably, the multiple main sliding surfaces also share common sliding planes. This allows the crossbeam to be formed uniformly along its longitudinal axis. The crossbeam's design is further simplified, and manufacturing costs are reduced.

[0027] In an embodiment not claimed here, the first angle is selected such that no gaping joint forms in the area of ​​the main sliding surface during the ultimate limit state of the transition structure. If the loads on the transition structure are further increased starting from the serviceability limit state, the ultimate limit state occurs. According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12 for the basis of structural design, this state is associated with collapse or other forms of structural failure. Therefore, those limit states that affect the safety of persons and / or the safety of the structure are also to be classified as ultimate limit states. This has the advantage that even in this state, it is ensured that no gaping joint forms in the area of ​​the main sliding surface.

[0028] Preferably, the crossmember has at least one sliding plate in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. The sliding plate is preferably made of metal such as copper, steel, aluminum, or stainless steel. By attaching the sliding plate in the area of ​​the main sliding surface, the friction between the crossmember and the lamella can be reduced. This also prevents material wear in this area of ​​the crossmember. Furthermore, the sliding plate can be easily replaced with a new one after it has become worn.

[0029] Advantageously, the crossbeam itself, as the counter surface, is made of a sliding material, preferably metallic. Any sliding plates or similar components can therefore be omitted from the crossbeam in the area of ​​the main sliding surface.

[0030] Preferably, the main sliding surface comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA. In one embodiment, the sliding material is provided, for example, in the form of a lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket in which the lubricant can be stored and evenly distributed. This allows for a sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction. Wear of the sliding material can also be significantly reduced. Alternatively, a sliding material in the form of sliding pads attached to the lamella would also be conceivable.

[0031] Further development involves arranging at least two mutually angled partial sliding surfaces such that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of a gable roof. The gable roof is designed such that the line of intersection or the axis of movement forms the ridge of the gable roof. The gable roof shape has the particular advantage that any accumulation of dirt and foreign matter in the area of ​​the at least two mutually angled partial sliding surfaces can be largely avoided. This applies especially in the area of ​​the line of intersection or the axis of movement, since this, as the ridge, represents the highest point of the gable roof.

[0032] Preferably, at least two mutually angled partial sliding surfaces are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of an inverted gable roof. Here, too, the gable roof is designed such that the line of intersection or the axis of movement forms the ridge of the gable roof. Due to the inverted roof shape, it is possible to make the lamella or corresponding connecting components stronger at the point of highest stress near the axis of movement without requiring additional installation space in the vertical direction. Thus, despite increased loads, installation space can be saved once again.

[0033] Preferably, at least two angled partial sliding surfaces are designed symmetrically to each other with respect to a plane of symmetry extending vertically through the line of intersection to the plane of movement. The symmetrical arrangement of the at least two partial sliding surfaces achieves improved self-centering of the lamella on the crossbeam along the axis of movement. Furthermore, especially when forces are applied or transferred evenly from all sides, it is advantageous if the conditions for the displacement of the lamella relative to the crossbeam in both directions along the axis of movement are as similar as possible. In addition, the transition structure is simple in design and therefore cost-effective to manufacture.Alternatively, the cross-sectional areas of the two partial sliding surfaces could also be of different sizes, so that, depending on the first angle and the expected force ratios, an optimal surface pressure for friction and durability is achieved.

[0034] The transition element includes at least one sliding plane inclined at a second angle of between 10 and 60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, relative to the plane of motion. A steeper second angle allows the angled partial sliding surface to absorb correspondingly high horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of motion. Simultaneously, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. This prevents a gap in the area of ​​the main sliding surface and ensures minimal resistance to movement of the lamella relative to the crossbeam along the axis of motion. The various sliding planes can have the same second angle. Alternatively, different second angles can be used to adapt the transition structure to varying force applications.

[0035] Preferably, the transition structure has at least one intersection point between a lamella and a crossbeam, at which a sliding bearing, preferably rotatable about an axis vertical to the plane of movement, with a support plate between the crossbeam and the lamella, is arranged, the main sliding surface extending between the crossbeam and the support plate. Vertical and horizontal forces can be selectively transmitted via the support plate through the sliding bearing between the lamella and the crossbeam. If the sliding bearing is rotatable, the lamella can perform both rotations and sliding movements relative to the crossbeam at the intersection point. The minimal resistance to rotation about the vertical axis enables a kinematic control principle.

[0036] Preferably, the support plate is designed to be deformable, such that the main sliding surface has at least one partial sliding surface horizontal to the plane of movement, depending on the magnitude of the applied force. If the sliding surfaces form the shape of a pitched roof, high bending stresses arise in the support plate. By adding another horizontal partial sliding surface, which only makes contact with or is created when the support plate is sufficiently deformed, the load-bearing capacity of the system can be increased.

[0037] In a further development, the bearing has a base plate to which the sliding bearing is attached to the lamella. Preferably, the lamella or the base plate has a first pivot pin by which the sliding bearing is rotatably attached to the lamella. The base plate allows the sliding bearing to be designed as stable as possible. The first pivot pin, on the other hand, enables the sliding bearing to rotate about its vertical axis.

[0038] Advantageously, the sliding bearing also features an elastomer layer positioned between the carrier plate and the base plate. This elastomer layer provides a flexible buffer between the base plate and the carrier plate. Thus, the elastomer layer allows, for example, the base plate to shift, tilt, and / or rotate relative to the carrier plate. This enables the compensation of minor movements between the crossbeam and the lamella. Furthermore, the elastomer layer exhibits damping properties.

[0039] Preferably, the sliding bearing has at least one shear surface arranged in a plane between the support plate and the base plate, the plane being inclined at an angle to the sliding planes of the mutually angled partial sliding surfaces. Preferably, the sliding bearing has the same number of shear surfaces as the number of mutually angled partial sliding surfaces at the intersection point. If an elastomer layer is incorporated, it is arranged at least in the region of the shear surface. The different inclinations of the partial sliding surfaces and shear surfaces allow for optimal adjustment of the adaptation behavior. This is particularly advantageous in conjunction with the elastomer layer and an arrangement of the sliding planes of the mutually angled partial sliding surfaces in the form of an inverted gable roof.

[0040] In a further development, the transition structure features a bracket attached to the lamella at at least one intersection point, incorporating a preload unit with a sliding material, preferably a sliding spring. The bracket and the preload unit are designed such that the lamella is preloaded relative to the crossbeam at the intersection point and is slidably and / or rotatably mounted about the axis vertical to the plane of movement. Primarily, the preload unit ensures that sufficient vertical force can be generated to absorb the horizontal forces without lifting in the area of ​​the sliding surfaces. Furthermore, the preload unit allows the lamella's range of motion relative to the crossbeam to be adjusted. Finally, an additional connection point between the lamella and the crossbeam allows for even more precise positioning of the lamella relative to the crossbeam.

[0041] Preferably, the preload unit is designed to be guide-neutral for movements of the lamella relative to the crosshead along the main sliding surface. Thus, the preload unit preferably has no vertical guide surfaces. In this case, no horizontal forces acting on the preload unit are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crosshead. Here, the lamella is guided on the crosshead solely by the mutually angled partial sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface along the axis of movement. The elimination of the guide surfaces allows rotational movements of the crosshead around the vertical axis via the sliding surface of the preload unit. By appropriately selecting the preload force and the first angle between the two mutually angled partial sliding surfaces at the sliding bearing, gapping of the sliding joint during operation can also be avoided. This reduces the sliding resistance and allows the preload unit to be manufactured cost-effectively.

[0042] The bracket further features a second pivot pin, via which the pretensioning unit is rotatably attached to the bracket. The first and second pivot pins form a common axis of rotation, so that the lamella is rotatably mounted around this axis relative to the crossbar at the intersection point. Through the interaction of the first and second pivot pins, the lamella is precisely rotatably mounted relative to the crossbar at the intersection point. The second pivot pin is particularly useful when the pretensioning unit has guide surfaces.

[0043] Preferably, the sliding material of the preload unit comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA. In one embodiment, the sliding material is provided, for example, in the form of a lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket in which the lubricant can be stored and evenly dispensed. This provides a sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction. Wear of the sliding material can also be significantly reduced.

[0044] Preferably, the preload unit has a screw for preloading it in its installed state. For example, the screw engages with the bracket for this purpose. Alternatively, the preload unit is designed so that it can be installed preloaded and then relieved to a predetermined preload value in its installed state. This allows the desired preload value to be set as easily and flexibly as possible.

[0045] Preferably, the end of the truss has at least one bore and the truss housing has at least one pin, by means of which the end of the truss is rotatably mounted in the truss housing. Alternatively, the truss housing could have at least one bore and the end of the truss at least one pin for mounting the truss accordingly. In both cases, the truss is mounted in the truss housing as simply and efficiently as possible.

[0046] Preferably, the truss housing has an upper sliding bearing arranged above the truss, with a main sliding surface designed as described above located between the upper sliding bearing and the truss. The upper sliding bearing allows for precise guidance of the truss's movements within the truss housing. Advantageously, the upper sliding bearing is a sliding spring. The sliding spring acts as a preload unit to preload the truss relative to a lower sliding bearing located below it, thus adjusting the truss's freedom of movement within the truss housing. The lower sliding bearing does not perform any guiding functions.

[0047] The sliding spring prevents the crossbeam from lifting within the crossbeam housing. The advantages of the main sliding surface according to the invention described above apply accordingly.

[0048] In a further development, the upper sliding bearing is rotatably attached to the truss box. For this purpose, the upper sliding bearing or the corresponding sliding spring preferably has a pivot pin that is fixed in the truss box. This allows both displacement and rotation of the truss at its support point. It would also be conceivable to preload the truss relative to the underlying structural bearing in such a way that only rotational movement is permitted, while sliding movement is prevented.

[0049] Advantageously, the transition structure is a pivoting truss design for general roadway expansion joints. Here, the lamellae are mounted on pivoting roadway trusses, some of which are angled, allowing them to slide and rotate. This creates an advantageous kinematic control principle, enabling the transition structure to adapt particularly flexibly to different dimensions of the construction joint and varying loads.

[0050] Alternatively, the transition structure can also be designed as a sliding sleeper structure in railway bridge construction. The sliding sleeper structure is essentially based on the kinematic control principle of the pivoting truss structure. Furthermore, it is designed to guide a rail track over the structural joint. Thus, the lamellae can be designed as movable railway sleepers. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable for the railway sleepers to be arranged on the lamellae.

[0051] In a further development, several, preferably two, main sliding surfaces are arranged between a crossbeam and a lamella, with differing axes of movement. This allows the overall main sliding surface between the lamella and the crossbeam to be increased very simply. The entire main sliding surface is thus designed to withstand even higher forces acting on the transition structure. The risk of a gapping joint is further reduced. In addition, the multiple axes of movement allow the lamella to be guided even more precisely relative to the crossbeam.

[0052] It can be advantageous for the axes of movement to run parallel to each other and preferably be arranged in the plane of movement of the transition structure or in a plane parallel to it. The parallelism of the axes of movement prevents increased friction or edge pressure in the main sliding surfaces. This allows the lamella to move with minimal resistance relative to the crossbeam. The same applies to the advantageous arrangement of the axes of movement relative to the plane of movement of the transition structure. Furthermore, the transition structure is particularly simple in design.

[0053] Advantageous embodiments of the present invention will now be described schematically with reference to figures, wherein Fig. 1 is a side view of a transition structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of part of a transition structure according to a second embodiment; Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the Fig. 2 The transition structure shown is; Fig. 4 is a side view and exploded view of an intersection point of a lamella with a cross member of the in the Fig. 1 and 2 The transition structures shown are; Fig. 5 is a section of the in Fig. 4 The exploded view shown is; Fig. 6 is a side view and exploded view of an intersection point of a lamella with a cross member of a transition structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a detail of the Fig. 6 The exploded view shown is; Fig. 8 is a section of an intersection point K of a transition structure according to a fourth embodiment; and Fig. 9 is a section of an intersection point K of a transition structure according to a fifth embodiment.

[0054] Identical components in the different embodiments are identified with the same reference numerals.

[0055] In the Fig. 1 The schematic structure of a transition structure 10A according to a particularly advantageous embodiment is shown. The transition structure 10A has three crossbeams 16, which are arranged between two structural sections 12a and 12b of the structure 12 and thus bridge the structural joint 14 between the two structural sections 12a and 12b. The crossbeams 16 are each supported at their ends in a crossbeam box 18 of the transition structure 10A. Thus, the transition structure 10A has a total of six such crossbeam boxes 18, which are formed at the structural edges of the corresponding structural sections 12a and 12b of the structure 12. The transition structure 10A shown is designed as a pivoting crossbeam structure. The crossbeams 16 are all rotatable and longitudinally displaceable within their respective crossbeam boxes 18.Such a support point can be realized, for example, by a lower sliding bearing 52 arranged below the traverse 16 and an upper sliding bearing 50 arranged above the traverse 16. The upper sliding bearing 50 is designed as a sliding spring rotatable about its vertical axis. The traverses 16 are mounted in the traverse boxes 18 on the structural element 12a with only a small amount of play in their longitudinal direction. This allows rotational movements of the traverse 16 to be compensated. It would also be possible to hold one end of a traverse 16 fixedly but rotatably in the traverse box 18. For example, the traverse 16 could have a bore and the traverse box 18 a pivot pin to support the end of the traverse 16 accordingly (not shown).

[0056] Furthermore, the transition structure 10A comprises nine lamellae 20 and two edge lamellae 20a, the two edge lamellae 20a being rigidly connected to the corresponding crossbeam boxes 18. The lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a are spaced apart from each other and slidably mounted on the crossbeams 16. Thus, at each intersection point K of a lamella 20 with a crossbeam 16, a main sliding surface 22 is located between the two components. In this embodiment, the main sliding surface 22 is designed such that the lamella 20 can move relative to the crossbeam 16 along its longitudinal axis at the intersection point K. In addition, the lamella 20 is rotatably mounted relative to the crossbeam 16 about the vertical axis V at the intersection point K. For this purpose, a rotatable sliding bearing 24 is arranged between the lamella 20 and the crossbeam 16 at each intersection point K.The sliding bearing 24 is rotatably attached to the upper side of the lamella 20 and rests on the lower side of the crossbeam 16. Thus, the main sliding surface 22 extends between the sliding bearing 24 and the crossbeam 16.

[0057] The Fig. 2 und 3 Figure 1 shows a perspective view of part of a transition structure 10B according to a second embodiment. The transition structure 10B is essentially identical to the transition structure 10A of the first embodiment. The identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0058] The transition structure 10B differs only in that it has only three lamellae 20 and two edge lamellae 20a. As can be seen particularly from the underside of the Fig. 3 As can be seen, in this embodiment the central crossbeam 16 is mounted at right angles to the axis of the building joint and thus also at right angles to the lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a. The two outer crossbeams 16, on the other hand, are oriented obliquely to the lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a.

[0059] In the Fig. 4 and 5 An example of an intersection point K of a lamella 20 with a crossbeam 16 is shown in more detail. How one can, in particular, Fig. 5 As can be seen, the sliding bearing 24 has a base plate 26, a support plate 28, and an intermediate elastomer layer 30. The base plate 26 includes a first pivot pin 32, by means of which the sliding bearing 24 is rotatably attached to the lamella 20 about the vertical axis of rotation V. Alternatively, the lamella 20 can also include the pivot pin 32 (not shown). The support plate 28, on the other hand, rests on the crossbeam 16, so that the actual main sliding surface 22 is located between the support plate 28 and the crossbeam 16.

[0060] The main sliding surface 22 comprises two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b, each arranged in sliding planes 34a and 34b that are angled relative to each other. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b meet at a common line of intersection S, which forms a movement axis A along which the lamella 20 can move relative to the crossbeam 16. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged obliquely to a movement plane B of the transition structure 10A, 10B. At the intersection point K, the movement plane B is defined by the movement axis A and a line parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the lamella 20. In this embodiment, the movement plane B corresponds to the horizontal. All horizontal and vertical orientations of components and force applications described here therefore also refer to the movement plane B. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged such that the line of intersection S runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crossbeam 16.This allows the lamella 20 to move uniformly relative to the traverse 16 along both directions of the axis of movement A.

[0061] The two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes 34a and 34b form the shape of a gable roof. The axis of movement A is to be understood as the ridge of the gable roof. Furthermore, the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b are of the same size and symmetrical to each other with respect to a plane of symmetry E extending vertically through the line of intersection S. It would also be conceivable to have different dimensions for the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b (not shown) in order to design them for different force applications.

[0062] Furthermore, the main sliding surface 22 incorporates a sliding material 36 to reduce friction between the lamella 20 and the crossbeam 16. In this case, the carrier plate 28 has a sliding pad 36a and 36b in the area of ​​each of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b. Both sliding pads 36a and 36b contain a permanently lubricated sliding material such as PTFE. UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA could also be used. In addition, the crossbeam 16 incorporates a sliding plate 38a and 38b made of stainless steel in the area of ​​each of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b. The two sliding pads 36a and 36b thus rest on the sliding plates 38a and 38b, allowing them to slide along these plates. This reduces friction between the carrier plate 28 and the crossbeam 16, as well as wear on the sliding material 36. Alternatively, lubricated polymer sliding discs with pre-made lubrication pockets could also be used here.For example, the crossbeam 16 could also be made of a metallic sliding material. In this case, the two sliding plates 38a and 38b can also be omitted.

[0063] The special arrangement of the main sliding surface 22 and the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b enables a functional combination of vertical and horizontal force transmission. Vertical forces can thus be absorbed by the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and transferred from the lamella 20 to the crossbeam 16. The same applies to horizontal forces directed perpendicular to the axis of movement A. These forces can also be absorbed by the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and transferred accordingly between the lamella 20 and the crossbeam 16.

[0064] The ratio of permissible vertical loads to horizontal forces perpendicular to the axis of movement A can be adjusted by the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b, or the corresponding two sliding planes 34a and 34b. Thus, both sliding planes 34a and 34b enclose a first angle α, which is selected such that no gaping joint occurs in the area of ​​the main sliding surface 22 during the service life of the transition structure 10A, 10B. The first angle α is even selected such that no gaping joint occurs in the area of ​​the main sliding surface 22 even during the ultimate limit state of the transition structure 10A, 10B. In this embodiment, the first angle α is 90 degrees. However, if the transition structure 10A, 10B is to be designed for lower horizontal forces, a more obtuse first angle α can also be used.

[0065] Alternatively or additionally, the inclination of the two sliding planes 34a and 34b can also be specified via their angle of intersection with the plane of motion B of the transition structure 10A, 10B. Thus, both sliding planes 34a and 34b are angled relative to the plane of motion B by a second angle β, or inclined downwards. In the present embodiment, both sliding planes 34a and 34b have the same second angle β, which here is 45 degrees. However, a slightly shallower second angle β can also be chosen if the horizontal force applied is less than the specified value.

[0066] Furthermore, the transition structure 10A, 10B has a bracket 40 with a preload unit 42 in the area of ​​the intersection point K. The bracket 40 is attached to the lamella 20. Moreover, the bracket 40 and the preload unit 42 are designed such that the lamella 20 is preloaded at the intersection point K relative to the cross member 16 by means of the preload unit 42, is displaceably mounted, and is rotatably mounted about the vertical axis V. In this embodiment, the preload unit 42 is designed as a sliding spring. The sliding spring is mounted on the underside of the cross member 16, so that a horizontal sliding surface 44 is located between the sliding spring and the cross member 16. The sliding spring does not have any guide surfaces. This enables the rotational movements about the vertical axis V.

[0067] The sliding spring incorporates a sliding material 46 in the form of a lubricated sliding disc made of PTFE in the area of ​​the horizontal sliding surface 44. However, the use of UHMWPE, POM and / or PA would also be conceivable. Furthermore, the sliding disc has several pre-formed lubrication pockets in which the lubricant can be stored and evenly distributed in the area of ​​the horizontal sliding surface 44.

[0068] Furthermore, the bracket 40 includes a rigid connecting element 48A. Alternatively, the connecting element 48A can also be designed as a second pivot pin 48B, via which the sliding spring is rotatably attached to the bracket 40. This is advantageous, for example, if the preload unit 42 has guide surfaces next to the horizontal sliding surface 44. In this case, the first pivot pin 32 of the sliding bearing 24 and the second pivot pin 48B of the bracket 40 form a common axis of rotation D. This allows the lamella 20 to be rotatably mounted relative to the crossbeam 16 at the intersection point K about the axis of rotation D and thus about the vertical axis V. Despite the preload, the degrees of freedom between the lamella 20 and the crossbeam 16, as defined by the sliding bearing 24, are therefore not further restricted.

[0069] In the present embodiment, the main sliding surfaces 22 form a common axis of movement A at all intersection points K along a traverse 16. Furthermore, the corresponding partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b lie in the same sliding planes 34a and 34b. The traverse 16 thus has a constant cross-section along its longitudinal axis in the sliding area. This simplifies the design of the transition structure 10A, 10B and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0070] In the event of high forces, the support plate 28 is designed to be deformable. If sufficiently high forces act on the support plate 28, its horizontal section comes into contact with a horizontal section of the crossbeam 16. As a result, the main sliding surface 22 has a further horizontal partial sliding surface 22c between the support plate 28 and the crossbeam 16.

[0071] The advantages of the main sliding surface 22 according to the invention can also be applied to the mounting of the crossbeams 16 in the crossbeam boxes 18. As mentioned above, the crossbeams 16 are received in the respective crossbeam box 18 via an upper sliding bearing 50 or a corresponding sliding spring and a lower sliding bearing 52. Thus, the crossbeam 16 can be preloaded against the lower sliding bearing by means of the sliding spring. The sliding spring can be rotatably attached to the top of the crossbeam box 18 via a pivot pin. In this embodiment, however, the pivot pin is attached to the underside of the edge lamella 20a, which abuts the top of the crossbeam box 18. Furthermore, the sliding spring rests on the crossbeam 16. Thus, another main sliding surface, as previously described, is located between the sliding spring and the crossbeam 16.

[0072] In the Fig. 6 and 7A junction K of a lamella 120 and a cross member 116 of a transition structure 110 according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown. The transition structure 110 essentially corresponds to the transition structure 10B of the second embodiment. The identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0073] The transition structure 110 differs from the transition structure 10B of the second embodiment in that the main sliding surface 122 between the lamella 120 or the sliding bearing 124 and the crossbeam 116 is designed differently. Here, the two mutually angled partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an inverted gable roof. Here, too, the axis of movement A forms the ridge of the gable roof. The design of the components arranged in the area of ​​the main sliding surface 122, such as the sliding plates 138a and 138b and the sliding pads 136a and 136b, has been adapted accordingly. The same applies to the components of the sliding bearing 124, such as the base plate 126, the elastomer layer 130 and the support plate 128. However, their basic functions remain as described above.

[0074] The advantages of this embodiment essentially correspond to those of the second embodiment. Furthermore, the sliding bearing 124 can be made stronger at its most stressed center in the region of the axis of rotation D than at its edges, without requiring additional installation space in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the point of zero moment, i.e., the intersection of the three forces perpendicular to the sliding surface in the preload unit 42 or sliding spring and the sliding bearing 124, is also shifted upwards to the level of the lamella 120. This improves the torsional stiffness at the intersection point K.

[0075] In the Fig. 8 A section of an intersection point K of a lamella 120 and a cross member 116 of a transition structure 210 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown. The transition structure 210 essentially corresponds to the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment. The identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0076] The transition structure 210 differs, however, in its sliding bearing 224. Here, the support plate 228 is formed in two parts. Furthermore, the sliding bearing 224 has two shear surfaces 254 and 256, each arranged in a plane 258 and 260 between the support plate 228 and the base plate 226. The two planes 258 and 260 are arranged at an oblique angle to the sliding planes 134a and 134b of the mutually angled partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b.

[0077] The Fig. 9Figure 1 shows a section of an intersection point K of a lamella 120 and a cross member 116 of a transition structure 310 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The transition structure 310 essentially corresponds to the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment. The identically constructed components will not be discussed further below. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, not all details of the sliding bearing, the cross member, and the associated sliding surfaces are shown in the figure.

[0078] The transition structure 310 differs from the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment in that two of the main sliding surfaces 122 described above are arranged side by side between the crossbeam 116 and the lamella 120. In particular, the two main sliding surfaces 122 are identical. The respective partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b of the two main sliding surfaces 122 are thus arranged such that the respective sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an inverted gable roof. The two lines of intersection S, or the two axes of movement A, of the two main sliding surfaces 122 differ from each other. In this embodiment, the two axes of movement A run parallel to each other. Furthermore, the two axes of movement A are arranged in the plane of movement B of the transition structure 310.The additional main sliding surface 122 further reduces the risk of a gapping joint in the entire main sliding surface at the intersection point K of the transition structure 310. At the same time, the lamella 120 can move with minimal resistance relative to the traverse 116 at the intersection point K due to the parallel arrangement of the two axes of movement A to each other in the plane of movement B.

[0079] The transition structure according to the invention can alternatively be designed as a moving sleeper structure for railway bridge construction. Here, too, the basic principle of the described pivoting traverse structure is applied. REFERENCE MARK

[0080] 10A, 10B, 110, 210, 310 Transition structure 12 Structure 12a First structure section 12b Second structure section 14 Structure joint 16, 116 Crossbeam 18 Crossbeam box 20, 120 Lamella 20a Edge lamella 22, 122 Main sliding surface 22a, 122a Partial sliding surface 22b, 122b Partial sliding surface 22c Partial sliding surface 24, 124, 224 Sliding bearing 26, 126, 226 Base plate 28, 128, 228 Support plate 30, 130 Elastomer layer 32 First pivot pin 34a, 134a Sliding plane 34b, 134b Sliding plane 36 Sliding material 36a, 136a Sliding pad 36b, 136b Sliding pad 38a, 138a Sliding plate 38b, 138b Sliding plate 40 Bracket 42 Preload unit 44 Horizontal sliding surface 46 Sliding material 48A Connecting element 48B Second pivot pin 50 Upper sliding bearing 52 Lower sliding bearing 254 Shear surface 256 Shear surface 258 Plane 260 Plane A Axis of motion B Plane of motion D Axis of rotation E Plane of symmetry S Line of intersection K Intersection point L Longitudinal axis V Vertical axis αFirst angle βSecond angle

Claims

1. A transition structure (10B) for bridging a structural joint (14) between two structure parts (12a, 12b) of a structure (12), having at least two trusses (16) mountable on the structure edges of the two structure parts (12a, 12b) and at least one slat (20) displaceably mounted thereon, wherein a primary sliding surface (22) is arranged between at least one truss (16) and at least one slat (20), and the transition structure (10B) has at least one truss box (18) in which one end of the truss (16) is displaceably and / or rotatably mounted, characterized in that the primary sliding surface (22) has at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b), each of which is arranged in mutually angled sliding planes (34a, 34b), the sliding planes (34a, 34b) meeting in a common line of intersection (S) which forms an axis of movement (A) along which the slat (20) can move relative to the truss (16), and at least one sliding plane (34a, 34b) being arranged at an oblique angle to a plane of movement (B) of the transition structure (10B).

2. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sliding planes (34a, 34b) enclose a first angle (α) which is selected such that the first angle (α) is between 60 degrees and 160 degrees, preferably at 90 degrees.

3. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two sliding planes (34a, 34b) are arranged so that the line of intersection (S) is parallel to a longitudinal axis of a truss (16).

4. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several primary sliding surfaces (22) are arranged along a truss (16) and form a common axis of movement (A).

5. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the truss (16) has at least one sliding plate (38a, 38b) in the area of the primary sliding surface (22).

6. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the truss (16) is made of a, preferably metallic, sliding material.

7. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary sliding surface (22) comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material (36), preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

8. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b) angled relative to one another are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes (34a, 34b) form the shape of a pitched roof.

9. The transition structure (110) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (122a, 122b) angled relative to one another are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes (134a, 134b) form the shape of an upside-down pitched roof.

10. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b) angled relative to one another are formed symmetrically relative to one another with respect to a plane of symmetry (E) extending through the line of intersection (S) in the vertical direction relative to the plane of movement (B).

11. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one sliding plane (34a, 34b) is inclined with respect to the plane of movement (B) by a second angle (β) between 10 degrees and 60 degrees, preferably with 45 degrees.

12. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) has at least one intersection point (K) of a slat (10) with a truss (16), at which a sliding bearing (24), preferably rotatable about an axis (V) vertical to the plane of movement (B), with a support plate (28) is arranged between the truss (16) and the slat (20), the primary sliding surface (22) extending between the truss (16) and the support plate (28).

13. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 12, characterized in that the support plate (28) is deformable so that the primary sliding surface (22) has at least one partial sliding surface (22c) which is horizontal to the plane of movement (B) as a function of the magnitude of the applied load.

14. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the sliding bearing (24) further comprises a base plate (26) via which the sliding bearing (24) is attached to the slat (20), and the slat (20) or the base plate (26) preferably comprises a first trunnion (32) via which the sliding bearing (24) is rotatably attached to the slat (20).

15. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 14, characterized in that the sliding bearing (24) further comprises an elastomeric layer (30) disposed between the support plate (28) and the base plate (26).

16. The transition structure (210) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the sliding bearing (224) has at least one shear surface (254) which is arranged in a plane (258) between the support plate (228) and the base plate (226), the plane (258) being arranged at an oblique angle to the sliding planes (134a, 134b) of the partial sliding surfaces (122a, 122b) which are angled relative to one another.

17. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) has, in the area of at least one intersection point (K), a bracket (40) arranged on the slat (20) and having a biasing unit (42) with a sliding material (46), preferably a sliding spring, and the bracket (40) and the biasing unit (42) are designed in such a way that the slat (20) is biased at the intersection point (K) with respect to the truss (16) and is displaceable and / or is mounted rotatably about the axis (V) vertical to the plane of movement (B).

18. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 17 and at least claim 14, characterized in that the bracket (40) has a second trunnion (48B) via which the biasing unit (42) is rotatably attached to the bracket (40), wherein the first trunnion (32) and the second trunnion (48B) form a common axis of rotation (D) and the slat (20) is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation (D) with respect to the truss (16) at the intersection point (K).

19. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 17, characterized in that the biasing unit (42) is designed to be guide-neutral for movements of the slat (20) relative to the truss (16) along the primary sliding surface (22).

20. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the sliding material (46) of the biasing unit (42) comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

21. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the biasing unit (42) has a screw for biasing the biasing unit (42) in an installed state.

22. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the biasing unit (42) is designed in such a way that it can be installed biased and relieved to a predetermined biasing dimension in an installed state.

23. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end of the truss (16) has at least one bore and the truss box (18) has at least one trunnion via which the end of the truss (16) is mounted in the truss box (18).

24. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the truss box (18) comprises an upper sliding bearing (50) arranged above the truss (16), wherein a primary sliding surface (22) designed according to the previous claims is arranged between the upper sliding bearing (50) and the truss (16).

25. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 24, characterized in that the upper sliding bearing (50) is rotatably attached to the truss box (18).

26. The transition structure (10B) according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the upper sliding bearing (50) is a sliding spring.

27. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) is a swivel truss design.

28. The transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) is a guided cross-tie design for railroad bridge construction.

29. The transition structure (310) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of, preferably two, primary sliding surfaces (122), whose axes of movement (A) differ from one another, are arranged between a truss (116) and a slat (120).

30. The transition structure (310) of claim 29, characterized in that the axes of movement (A) are parallel to each other and are preferably arranged in the plane of movement (B) of the transition structure (310) or in a plane parallel thereto.