A METHOD FOR THE REHABILITATION OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS THROUGH BIOSOLVENT-ASSISTED CRACKING.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- TR · TR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SAAD EDDIN İSAOĞLU
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-22
Abstract
Description
1 TARIFF BIOSOLVENT-ASSISTED CRACKING OF HEAVY HYDROCARBONS METHOD FOR IMPROVING IT THROUGH THE PROCESS Technological Field: The invention describes the reduction of viscosity of heavy hydrocarbon residues by biosolvent-assisted cracking. to improve sulfur content, API gravity and flow characteristics It relates to a biosolvent-assisted cracking technology. 10 State of the Art: Heavy fuel oil (HFO), fuel oil (FO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), and refinery residues, for example. heavy hydrocarbon products, high molecular weight hydrocarbon chains, asphalt 15 Due to their structures, resinous components and sulfur-containing compounds, they are difficult to process and These products are difficult to use. The high viscosity of such products prevents the fuel from reaching the pipes. efficient transportation in pipelines, storage in tanks, and combustion systems. This makes their use difficult. Therefore, heavy hydrocarbons are not used in current applications. High-temperature heating, often requiring additional energy, is needed to ensure the fluidity of the products. Consumable or auxiliary processing equipment is required. One of the major problems encountered in current heavy hydrocarbon products is asphalt. and heavy molecular structures precipitate over time, forming sediment and within the system. This can cause clogging. Asphaltane structures become unstable in fuel. 25 This leads to the accumulation of deposits in storage tanks, blockages in filters and lines, and burning. This causes irregular operation in their systems and a general decrease in fuel quality. This can happen. This situation is particularly relevant in industrial facilities and in maintenance of marine fuels. This increases the need and negatively affects business continuity. Another major problem with heavy hydrocarbon residues is their high sulfur content. Sulfur Burning fuels with high sulfur content produces sulfur oxide emissions, 2 This leads to both environmental pollution and regulatory compliance problems. Today lower sulfur, especially in marine, power generation and industrial combustion systems. The use of fuels containing sulfur is expected. Therefore, heavy fuels are expected to contain sulfur. Reducing its content improves fuel quality, as well as the environment. It is also an important requirement in terms of compliance with standards. 5 In current technology, thermal cracking and catalytic methods are used for the remediation of heavy hydrocarbons. various methods such as cracking, vis-cracking, hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization are used. However, a significant portion of these methods involve high temperature, high pressure, hydrogen supply, expensive catalysts or complex process equipment 10 This requires... This situation increases investment costs and disrupts the operating process. complicating matters, especially heavy residues with low economic value. This does not always make processing it economically viable. Current cracking processes also involve breaking down long hydrocarbon chains. 15 During this process, the reactive intermediate species formed recombine to form heavier compounds, asphaltane There is a risk of forming similar structures or coke precursors. This situation is serious. This limits the conversion of hydrocarbons into lighter and more valuable fractions, and This process can negatively affect product stability. Therefore, it is not only... It is not enough to simply break down hydrocarbon chains; the 20 that are formed during the breakdown must also be considered. It is also important to keep reactive structures under control and stabilize them. The behavior of heavy fuels in cold weather conditions is also a significant technical challenge. It is an area where the high pour point ensures the fluidity of the fuel at low temperatures. loss, increased tendency to wax, and an additional 25 during transport or use. This can lead to a need for heating. This is especially true for items stored outdoors or Operational challenges arise in terms of transporting heavy fuels over long distances. It brings. In addition, the direct disposal of heavy hydrocarbon residues or their low 30 Burning it inefficiently leads to undesirable economic and environmental consequences. Refinery residues and low-quality heavy fuel fractions, properly 3 If it cannot be improved, it has limited areas of use and low commercial value. It carries. Therefore, in technology, these heavy hydrocarbon residues are made more fluid. a fuel with lower sulfur content, more stability, and higher commercial value There is a need for alternative solutions that can transform these into products. In this context, high-pressure hydrogen with lower process complexity. heavy hydrocarbons that reduce reliance on systems or expensive catalysts It can support the breakdown of structures while also stabilizing the reactive species that are formed. Environmentally friendly processes are needed. Description of the invention: The primary purpose of the invention is to produce heavy fuel oil (HFO), fuel oil (FO), heavy cycle oil (HCO) and similar heavier hydrocarbon residues with lower viscosity and lower sulfur content and converting them into more useful fuel products. In this way, 15 heavy hydrocarbons high flow resistance, difficult transportability, poor combustion quality, high emissions and problems such as difficulty in complying with environmental regulations are overcome. The invention addresses the aforementioned issues. The conversion is achieved by using a biologically derived biosolvent to hydrogen-donating the cracking process. It is accomplished by providing support. One of the key advantages of the invention is that it significantly reduces the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons. The result is a reduction in viscosity. With the decrease in viscosity, the product can pass through pipelines, tanks, and combustion chambers. This allows for easier movement within the systems. Thus, high-temperature transportation is possible. The need for intensive heating and high energy consumption decreases. This benefits both the business. It helps to reduce costs and make the process more practical. 25 The invention involves shortening and replacing long carbon chains found in heavy hydrocarbon structures. It helps in breaking down light hydrocarbon fractions. Formed during cracking. Free radicals are stabilized by the hydrogen provided by the biosolvent. In this way... These radicals can recombine to form asphaltane, coke precursor, or heavier compounds. 30 This prevents or reduces the formation of fuel. Thus, the result of the process is a more stable, lighter, and fuel-efficient product. A higher quality product is obtained. 4 Another advantage of the invention is the dispersion of asphalt structures and heavy molecular clusters. It contributes to the breakdown of fuel. In products such as heavy fuel oil, asphaltanes contribute to the breakdown of fuel. This can lead to thickening, sediment formation, and a decrease in combustion efficiency. The biosolvent used in the invention causes the dissolution or dispersion of these structures. 5 This facilitates the more efficient breakdown of hydrocarbons during processing. The invention also contributes to reducing sulfur content. Lowering the sulfur content, especially in terms of reducing environmental emissions and obtaining cleaner fuel. It is important. In this respect, the invention is relevant to marine fuels, industrial combustion systems and refineries. obtaining products that are more compliant with environmental standards in areas such as waste utilization. It allows it to be done. Thanks to this invention, the gravity of API is increased, making heavy hydrocarbon materials lighter. This ensures that the product is transformed into a high-quality item. An increase in the API value results in a 15% improvement in product quality. This shows that it has improved and become a more valuable fuel fraction. Thus, low Economically valuable heavy hydrocarbon residues, more usable and commercially valuable can be transformed into higher quality products. The invention also improves the low-temperature properties of the product. By lowering the pour point, it reaches 20. the risk of fuel solidifying, waxing or losing fluidity in cold weather conditions This decreases. This is especially true for systems operating in storage, transportation, and outdoor conditions. It provides a significant advantage in this respect. The invention also has significant environmental benefits. Heavy hydrocarbon residues are reduced by 25%. Instead of being burned directly or disposed of as waste, these can be used to produce higher quality fuel. This ensures that the waste is transformed into usable products. In this way, both the waste burden is reduced and the environment is protected. It contributes to reducing harmful emissions. A biologically derived solvent. Its use also strengthens the environmentally friendly aspect of the process. The invention also offers lower operating costs compared to existing heavy oil refining systems. It can provide complexity. High-pressure hydrogen systems, expensive catalysts, or Reducing reliance on very demanding processing conditions, improving the system's investment and operation. This contributes to making it advantageous in terms of costs. In this respect, the invention, a heavy metal that can be applied not only on a laboratory scale but also on an industrial scale. It offers a hydrocarbon refining approach. Explaining the Figures: Figure 1. Changes in physical properties after biosolvent-assisted cracking process. improvements Detailed Description of the Invention: The terminology used here is intended solely to describe specific applications. and does not limit the scope of the invention. Used here The term "and / or" refers to any one or more of the related listed items in any 15 It includes one and all combinations thereof. Also, the singular "one" used here, "one" The terms "number" and "specified" are used in their plural forms unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. It is designed to include singular forms such as those mentioned above. Furthermore, the terms used in this specification... The terms "includes" and / or "contains" refer to the specified features, steps, processes, It indicates the presence of elements and / or components, but one or more other 20 features, steps, processes, elements, components and / or groups thereof It will be understood that this does not exclude its existence or addition. Unless otherwise noted, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms), 25 They have the same meaning. Furthermore, the terms defined in commonly used dictionaries, in a way that is consistent with the context of the relevant field and this statement it should be interpreted as idealized or exaggerated unless otherwise explicitly defined here. It will be understood that it will not be interpreted in an official sense. The description of the invention will reveal a series of techniques and steps. Each of these... one provides separate benefits, and at the same time, one or more of them or some 6 In these situations, all of the other techniques described can be used in combination. Accordingly, To ensure clarity, each step in the disclosure of the invention should be presented as accurately as possible. By doing this, unnecessary repetition of all combinations will be avoided. Together, the specification and claims, such combinations fully constitute an invention and claims. It should be read with the understanding that it falls within its scope. 5 The invention relates to heavy fuel oil, fuel oil, heavy cycle oil and similar heavy hydrocarbons. remediation of heavy hydrocarbon residues with the assistance of a biologically derived solvent and It relates to processing by cracking. Within the scope of the invention, high viscosity, high Heavy 10 with sulfur content, poor fluidity properties and low fuel quality hydrocarbon structures are lighter, more stable and more usable hydrocarbons The aim is to convert them into fractions. Heavy hydrocarbon residues, large carbon chains, asphaltan structures, resinous These are substances that are difficult to process due to their components and sulfur-containing compounds. There are 15 such examples. The direct use of substances as fuel results in high emissions and low combustion efficiency. transportation difficulties, storage problems, and challenges in complying with environmental regulations. It can produce. The invention involves a biosolvent for the aforementioned heavy hydrocarbon residues. by subjecting it to a cracking process using [method name], and thus breaking down hydrocarbon chains. It is based on the principle of controlled breaking down. The term cracking comes from the English word 20 It comes from the term 'cracking' and, in the industry, generally... Because it is used in this way, it will be referred to as 'cracking' below. The biosolvent used in the invention is a free radical formed during the breakdown of heavy hydrocarbons. It acts as a hydrogen-donating medium that prevents the recombination of radicals. 25 It performs heavy hydrocarbon remediation and cracking of heavy hydrocarbon molecules. When broken down into shorter chain structures in the unit, it releases highly reactive substances during the process. Radicals emerge. In traditional systems, these free radicals repeatedly interact with each other. These compounds can combine to form asphalt, coke precursors, or heavier hydrocarbon structures. The biosolvent used in the invention provides hydrogen to these free radicals, thereby reducing the radicals' 30% resilience. This ensures stabilization, thus preventing repolymerization or heavy fraction formation. is significantly reduced. 7 The invention includes biosolvent, date molasses or date-based sugar biomass. It can be obtained from various sources. For this purpose, biomass will primarily increase the contact surface area. It can be mechanically broken down in this way. Then, in the chosen solvent medium, it forms a solid-liquid mixture. It can be subjected to an extraction process. During extraction, the solvent is added to the biomass structure. It penetrates and dissolves the internal components. The resulting mixture is then distilled. or by undergoing similar separation processes, biologically derived hydrogen-donating properties The solvent fraction showing the sugar content is obtained. In one application, the date-based sugar content By subjecting it to fermentation, a biosolvent with ethyl alcohol characteristics can be produced, and this product High purity can be obtained by fractional distillation. 10 The biosolvent should be added to the heavy hydrocarbon material to be processed at approximately 1% to 4% by weight. It can be added within this range. In preferred applications, the amount of biosolvent is by weight. It is approximately between 1% and 3%. Depending on the need, auxiliary additives can also be added by weight. It can be used in concentrations ranging from approximately 0.5% to 2%. The primary function of the biosolvent used is 15 It not only acts as a solvent, but also releases substances during the cracking process. The goal is to stabilize the resulting reactive chains through hydrogen transfer. In the application of the invention, the heavy hydrocarbon material to be processed is first fed through a feedstock. The material is removed from the tank and subjected to a preheating process. The preheating process involves preheating the material to 20°C. This process is carried out to increase its fluidity and make it suitable for the cracking process. The heated heavy hydrocarbon material is then sent to the mixing zone. In this zone biosolvent is injected into the hydrocarbon material via a controlled dosing system. is done. After injection, the hydrocarbon phase of the biosolvent is homogeneously distributed within the solution. High shear force mixing or an equivalent mixing process is required for dispersion. 25 applicable. As the biosolvent penetrates the hydrocarbon structure, asphaltane clusters and large The molecular structures partially disintegrate. This disintegration allows the heavy carbon chains to undergo the cracking process. This makes it more convenient. The mixed heavy hydrocarbon-biosolvent mixture is 30 It is then transferred to the heavy hydrocarbon reconditioning and cracking unit. In this unit, heavy and Long hydrocarbon chains are broken down into shorter and lighter hydrocarbon chains. 8 The free radicals formed during the cracking process are neutralized by the hydrogen-donating effect of the biosolvent. It is stabilized. Thus, coke formation, re-weighting, asphaltine increase and processing are prevented. This subsequently limits the formation of unstable products. The product obtained as a result of heavy hydrocarbon refining and cracking process is separated and 5 They are directed to stabilization stages. In this stage, the processed hydrocarbon fractions, from unwanted heavy residues, dispersed asphalt structures or process by-products It can be separated. Through the stabilization process, the product is protected during storage, transportation and use. The aim is to maintain its physical and chemical stability. The product is then cooled and... The final product is transferred to tanks. After processing, the product's viscosity, sulfur content, and API 10 are measured. gravity, pour point, flash point and similar physical and chemical properties are analyzed. By doing this, the improvement in fuel quality is determined. The invention works on the principle that two chemical effects occur simultaneously. The first effect is that the heavy hydrocarbon chains are broken down into lighter hydrocarbons through a cracking process. The first effect is the breakdown of free radicals into chains and free radicals. The second effect is that the resulting free radicals... to stable hydrocarbon products via hydrogen transfer by biosolvent It is the process of transforming the chains, allowing them to recombine after the cracking process. The formation of heavier compounds is prevented or reduced. The invention reduces the viscosity and increases the fluidity of heavy hydrocarbon materials. and its transportability in cold conditions is improved. In addition, sulfur is removed as a result of the process. This results in a reduction in content, an increase in API gravity, and a lighter character. a fuel product is obtained. Lowering the pour point causes the product to be produced at low temperatures. Reduces the risk of waxing or loss of fluidity. Flash point and volatility 25 The change in its character is the transformation of the heavier hydrocarbon structure into lighter fractions. It shows that it has been transformed. The invention relates to conventional thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, visbreaking, and hydrodesulfurization. Unlike other systems, the use of a biologically derived hydrogen donor solvent is 30 This is due to the fact that it is based on high-pressure hydrogen systems and expensive catalysts. or the need for harsh, energy-intensive processing conditions can be reduced. The invention is heavy 9 A more economical way to utilize hydrocarbon wastes or low-quality fuel fractions, It allows for evaluation using an environmentally friendly and industrially applicable method. provides. The system used within the scope of the invention consists of: a feed tank, a preheating unit, and biosolvent 5. injection system, mixing unit, heavy hydrocarbon processing and cracking unit, separation and stabilization units, cooling system, product storage tanks and quality It may include control and analysis equipment. The feed tank contains heavy hydrocarbon material. It enables the material to be fed into the system. The preheating unit brings the material to the processing temperature. and improves its fluidity. The biosolvent injection system allows the biosolvent to be injected in 10% of the volume. It ensures that hydrocarbon material is supplied in a specified amount and in a controlled manner. The mixing unit ensures the homogeneous distribution of the biosolvent within the heavy hydrocarbon phase. It provides. The heavy hydrocarbon remediation and cracking unit further processes heavy carbon chains. It performs the separation of the components into short chains. Separation and stabilization units process the processed material. obtaining the product in stable fractions with the desired fuel properties 15 provides. The application resulted in significant improvements in all fuel quality parameters evaluated. Tables 1 and 2 show the results without and with the addition of biosolvents. The cracking process causes significant changes in fuel properties. This shows the changes. The most significant change was observed in kinematic viscosity. This results in a significant decrease in sulfur content and a significant increase in API concentration. This has been accompanied by these results, indicating that a low-value raw material that does not comply with environmental standards This indicates that it has been transformed into a higher-value product. Viscosity is sharply different. decreasing in this way, as confirmed in the hydrodynamic optimization literature, the long 25 Partial breakdown of chain hydrocarbons and destabilization of asphaltene aggregates The result shows an increase in fluidity. Table 1 - HFO before and after crushing without the use of biosolvent. features Table 2 - HFO properties before and after bio-solvent-assisted cracking process 5 Heavy fuel oil undergoes significant physical and environmental degradation during biosolvent-assisted crushing processes. Chemical changes have been observed in viscosity, sulfur content, pour point, and Significant decreases in flash point and an increase in API concentration were observed. This The results show that during the process, heavier hydrocarbon molecules partially dissolve into lighter molecules. transformation, higher dispersion of heavy asphaltene fractions and lighter It is linked to the formation of hydrocarbons. The biosolvent is heavy after the cracking process. It helped in the reformation of carbon chains, thus improving the overall process. It has increased efficiency. Temperature and density have improved the pumping, transportation, and efficiency of liquid fuels. This significantly affects the spraying performance. A decrease in viscosity improves pumping performance. 11 and improves flow characteristics and eliminates the need for preheating during storage and testing. It can reduce it. In addition, the observed increase in API density makes heavier components lighter. that it is converted into fractions, which leads to a decrease in overall fuel density. This shows that the economy is central to shaping strategies to reduce pollution. It plays a role. Directly reducing the sulfur content in fuel products can reduce emissions by 5%. However, products with a final sulfur concentration of 0.5% by weight comply with International standards. Maximum permitted levels for marine fuel as determined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It meets the sulfur limit. Therefore, this technology is most suitable for processing or improvement. In summary, the use of biological solvents improves various physical and environmental aspects of heavy fuel oil. It has improved its chemical properties. Kinematic viscosity decreased from 900 centistox to 90-10. The viscosity has been reduced to centistox. This means a 90% reduction in viscosity under test conditions. The sulfur content has decreased from 4.5% to 0.5%, representing an 88.9% reduction. API Its density has increased from 19.8 to 29.6; this means the processed fuel is lighter. This shows that the yield point has dropped from +13 °C to -11 °C; this indicates that at low temperatures... This indicates an increase in fluidity. The flash point has decreased from 286 °C to 105 °C; 15 This results in the formation of lighter and more volatile fractions after the fracture process. These results demonstrate that this process is very effective for improving fuel quality. This shows that it is possible. In conclusion, the invention relates to the biosolvent-assisted removal of heavy hydrocarbon residues. a process that enables their conversion into valuable fuel products through improvement and cracking. It offers a method and system. Thanks to the invention, the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons can be reduced. reduced, sulfur content lowered, API gravity increased, cold flow and Combustion characteristics are being improved and contributing to the reduction of environmental emissions. This is provided. In this respect, the invention enables the utilization of refinery waste, heavy fuel oil 25 Improving the quality and bringing marine fuels into compliance with environmental standards. and is suitable for use in industrial fuel improvement applications.
Claims
12 REQUESTS 1- The invention relates to a quality improvement of heavy hydrocarbon materials / substances. method, its characteristic; is, its characteristic; Bringing the heavy hydrocarbon material to the processing temperature, 5 a bio-derived biosolvent to the heavy hydrocarbon material in question addition, Mixing heavy hydrocarbon material with biosolvent to form a homogeneous mixture obtaining, The resulting mixture is subjected to a cracking process to break down the heavy hydrocarbon chains. and The free radicals formed during the cracking process are hydrogenated by the biosolvent. Stabilizing it through its effect involves the process steps. 2- The method mentioned in Claim 1, its characteristic is; heavy hydrocarbon material into heavy fuel 15 oil, fuel oil, heavy cycle oil, refinery residue, heavy petroleum residue or any of these It is characterized by being selected from combinations. 3- The method mentioned in Claim 1, its characteristic is that the biosolvent is used in date molasses, dates, etc. 20 It is the characterization of the situation. 4- The method mentioned in Claim 1, characterized by its biosolvent composition (heavy hydrocarbons). It is characterized by being added to the material at a rate of 1% to 4% by weight. 5- A system for improving the quality of heavy hydrocarbon materials / substances. Its characteristic is; A feed tank that enables the introduction of heavy hydrocarbon material into the system, A heating unit that brings the heavy hydrocarbon material to the processing temperature, Application of biologically derived biosolvent to heavy hydrocarbon material 30 a biosolvent injection system that provides, 13 a device that enables the mixing of a biosolvent with a heavy hydrocarbon material. mixing unit, the breakdown of heavy hydrocarbon chains into shorter hydrocarbon chains a cracking unit that provides, Separation and stabilization of the processed product. 5 stabilization unit and It includes a product storage tank that enables the storage of the obtained product. 15 25