Component

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling the temperature of a room in a building and for storing thermal energy, whereby at least one energy storage unit made of rigid material for the storage of thermal energy and at least one surface temperature control element facing the room whose temperature is to be controlled are provided for controlling the room's temperature.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building with a system for temperature control of a room of the building and for storing thermal energy, wherein at least one energy storage device made of solid material is provided for storing the thermal energy and at least one surface temperature control element, which faces the room to be temperature-controlled, is provided for temperature control of the room and the system has insulation which at least partially surrounds the energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device and the surface temperature control element have at least one pipe for conveying a liquid or gaseous medium which serves to transport thermal energy, and the energy storage device is a foundation slab or a ceiling element of the building.

[0002] In the prior art, for example, climate-controlled ceilings or thermally activated building components are known that are connected to a hydraulically operated buffer storage tank as an energy storage device. DE 10 2010 014 863 discloses a device and a method for storing thermal energy. It comprises a charging device, a storage medium, an insulation device, and a heat exchanger. The charging device is configured to supply heat to and / or extract heat from the storage medium. The insulation device is configured to insulate the storage medium from its surroundings. The heat exchanger is configured to enable heat exchange between the storage medium and its surroundings. The storage medium contains a solid and forms at least part of an interior wall of a building.From DE 29 34 505, an insulated floor slab of buildings or a screed insulated on all sides as a heat storage medium is known.

[0003] Document DE 3335191 A1 shows a building with a system for temperature control of a room of the building and for storing thermal energy with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0004] Climate ceilings or thermally activated building components, in particular thermally activated ceilings, are known today in a wide variety of designs.

[0005] These systems, often known as "thermally activated building components" or "concrete core activation," are based on the idea of ​​heating and maintaining a relatively uniform and constant temperature across the largest possible mass within the building, based on a predefined and preselected temperature. The heated building mass, particularly the ceilings, is intended to maintain the building's contents—the space to be heated—at a predetermined temperature, with a certain degree of deviation. The energy advantage lies in the absorption of peak thermal loads during both heating and cooling by the activated building mass. Because these peak loads are absorbed, the thermal energy generation systems can be smaller and operate more consistently.

[0006] This advantage is offset by the disadvantage of the sheer impossibility of short-term control and adjustment, also due to the activation of the building mass. This disadvantage becomes particularly noticeable with significantly different temperature profiles, caused, for example, by large glass surfaces and / or rapidly changing outdoor temperatures or solar radiation, or by strongly fluctuating internal loads / gains. As a result, additional free / integrated heating surfaces and / or ventilation systems equipped with heating / cooling coils often have to be used for support. In addition to the extra costs and construction time, the operation of these supplementary systems consumes a (large) portion of the energy advantages inherent in mass activation. Furthermore, there are often limitations in comfort caused by the lack of controllability.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to improve upon this state of the art.

[0008] To solve this problem, the invention proposes a building as described above, wherein the material of the surface temperature control element has a heat capacity property that is at least 60% worse compared to the material of the energy storage.

[0009] The key feature of the invention lies in the fact that, by selecting a material for the surface temperature control element that has a heat capacity at least 60% lower than that of the energy storage material, insulation is achieved as defined by the invention. In addition to the storage / discharging concept comprising at least two temperature zones, with at least one fast-acting temperature zone (realized by the surface temperature control element) and one slow-acting temperature zone (realized by the energy storage material), the invention also relates to solutions for both solid and dry construction. Thus, the invention is suitable for solid construction, new construction, lightweight construction, and, for example, retrofitting in existing buildings. A wall assembly with a surface temperature control element and an energy storage unit is not an embodiment of the invention.

[0010] The fast temperature zone or surface temperature control element is characterized in particular by the fact that energy introduced into the surface temperature control element (for example via the piping system) leads to a noticeable temperature change in the room to be tempered within a short period of time due to the significantly reduced mass (compared to the energy storage).

[0011] In contrast, the inert temperature zone or energy storage system is characterized by the fact that the supply of thermal energy predominantly or as exclusively as possible only changes / increases the temperature of the energy storage system, and the environment of the energy storage system, for example the room, does not experience any temperature change.

[0012] Within the scope of this invention or application, the following terms are to be understood as equivalent to the designation "temperature zone": thermal layer, thermally separated zone, thermally separated temperature zone.

[0013] According to the invention, the energy storage device integrated into the system predominantly, and preferably exclusively (to the extent physically feasible), assumes only the task of storing thermal energy. The energy storage device is thermally decoupled from the surface temperature control element (and thus also from the room to be heated) by means of insulation, thereby eliminating the disadvantages described above in a surprisingly simple manner!

[0014] The invention provides, among other things, a system for temperature control within a building. For the purposes of this invention, "room" can refer to, for example, a living space, a workspace, a room, a hall, a auditorium, or similar spaces.

[0015] According to the invention, the energy storage device is made of a solid material. This distinguishes the inventive proposal from hydraulically operated buffer storage systems, in which a liquid, often water, at a specific temperature is stored in a voluminous tank. In these prior art proposals, the thermal energy used for temperature control is stored in the water of the buffer storage system, necessitating the installation of a separate element (a tank) within the building. The inventive proposal, however, utilizes elements or masses already present in the building that possess a corresponding heat capacity, thus achieving a dual benefit for this component, as it now performs a thermal function in addition to its structural and aesthetic functions (these elements enclose spaces).This is not contradicted by the fact that such energy storage devices made of solid material (monolithic bodies, hybrid bodies, sandwich constructions, etc.) are permeated by gaseous or liquid media, which are intended to transport thermal energy but not to store it in the sense of an energy storage device. Solid material, in this context, is understood to mean, in particular, a material that differs from the other two fundamental phases of matter (liquid and gaseous) and, for example, forms a solid structure.

[0016] The invention also proposes the use of a surface temperature control element. This surface temperature control element performs, for example, heating functions on the one hand, and cooling functions on the other. The chosen wording means, depending on the room's use, either cooling or heating.

[0017] The term surface temperature control element is to be understood in a very variable way: on the one hand, the surface temperature control element is actually distinguished from the insulation or the energy storage by a different choice of material.

[0018] The surface temperature control element incorporates a pipe or pipe register that ensures the supply and removal of thermal energy. The surface temperature control element can also be functionally designed in such a way that it only needs to provide a heat exchanger surface for temperature control of the room, which can be achieved by other means. It is particularly important to consider that the surface temperature control element is formed only by the area of ​​the component directly surrounding the pipe, whereby this area can, for example, be part of the insulation (consisting of insulating material). Such an integrated design is also expressly included in this invention.

[0019] According to the invention, the energy storage unit is also provided for to be at least partially surrounded by insulation. The aim of the inventive proposal is to achieve a separation between the storage of thermal energy on the one hand and the temperature control (heating or cooling) of the room on the other. Therefore, the insulation of the energy storage unit must be designed in such a way as to prevent, as far as possible, any unwanted energy loss from the energy storage unit into the room. Due to the large inertial mass of the energy storage unit, which is preferably an element or component of the building, and the associated high thermal energy stored in the energy storage unit, the problems described above would arise without the provision of insulation.

[0020] The insulation is therefore conveniently arranged, particularly (and as completely as possible), between the energy storage unit and the room to be heated or cooled. In a preferred embodiment, the insulation is located, in particular, between the surface heating / cooling element and the energy storage unit. If the energy storage unit is designed, for example, as a ceiling element, complete insulation—that is, insulation on all sides of the energy storage unit / ceiling element—is not possible or only possible with considerable effort, since the ceiling element rests on the wall element. In this area, insulation is often not provided, but this is also covered by the inventive proposal. Therefore, the inventive proposal also includes, for example, an insulation configuration such that the top and / or bottom of the energy storage unit / ceiling element is covered by insulation.

[0021] In addition to thermal separation, one version of the proposal also provides for the insulation to perform acoustic insulation or damping functions. Insulating materials are known that, besides their insulating properties, also exhibit sound-absorbing or sound-dampening characteristics. Such a design promotes a comfortable indoor climate.

[0022] Within the scope of this invention or application, the following terms are to be understood as equivalent to the term "insulation": thermal separation layer, insulating layer, insulating layer, thermally separated zone.

[0023] The invention is based on the understanding that the creation of thermally separated temperature zones in (preferably) a single thermally activated component, but also, according to the invention, in two systematically similar but thermally separated components (e.g., ceiling core activation and underfloor / ceiling heating, or the like), offers the possibility of both passive and active thermal energy storage, with simultaneous near-surface and rapid room temperature control. The interaction between at least one thermally inert, storage-oriented activated component and at least one thermally fast-acting transfer system, preferably designed as wall / ceiling / or underfloor heating, but also as a free heating surface, in particular low-temperature radiators, or even an air transfer system, has been identified as advantageous according to the invention.

[0024] This forms the basis for cost-effective energy management in solid construction (new buildings) and drywall construction (primarily, but not exclusively, in renovations). Such a system can, for example, store excess solar energy during the day in one part of the building (e.g., the south side or internal gains) in the ceiling mass of that same and / or another part of the building. The energy stored in the core can be used passively at a later time through heat conduction, radiation, and / or ventilation, or through active discharge by flushing with a liquid medium (e.g., water) or by actively circulating air through it.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the invention, it has been found that the same is possible in cooling situations, e.g., by utilizing low nighttime outdoor temperatures and / or by using surplus electricity, e.g., from renewable energies such as solar or wind power, via a heat pump or chiller. However, the inventive solution also offers unforeseen advantages for conventional solar thermal systems and / or absorption heat pumps, particularly when utilizing solar heat.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the invention, the solution found not only allows the activation of the building mass and the associated reduction of the load on the building services to be combined with the advantageous system temperatures of heating / cooling ceilings. Rather, the combination of both technologies in the respective system, component, or even a single component results in an increase in the performance of both components. This includes higher heating / cooling capacities and even better passive and / or active controllability of the near-surface, rapid component activation, while simultaneously improving the utilization of the storage volume of the component mass and its optimized thermal charging and discharging. Furthermore, the solution found in the invention enables the virtually lossless and space-neutral storage of thermal energy.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the invention, the separation of the temperature zones can be achieved both through design and through existing or specially used additional building materials, e.g. insulation layers.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that two temperature zones, for example, insulated from each other as effectively as possible, be formed in a component. An equivalent result, and one that is equivalent within the meaning of this invention, is also achieved by ensuring that the materials from which the energy storage device or the surface temperature control element is made differ sufficiently in their respective thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity properties. For the energy storage device, the highest possible energy storage capacity, i.e., a high heat capacity, is crucial, whereas this property is rather undesirable for the surface temperature control element, since the temperature control of a room, especially the heating of a room, should often be carried out quickly and effectively, ideally without excessive losses due to the heating of the surface temperature control element material.

[0029] The insulation is formed precisely in the areas with poor thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity. The insulation, or rather the insulating effect, occurs at the interface between the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element, where the respective thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity deteriorate accordingly (preferably abruptly). It should be noted here that the term "insulation" is not to be understood merely as a discrete, separate component, but also has a functional meaning within the context of this invention and application. The purpose of insulation is to prevent the loss of thermal energy, which is achieved in particular through poor thermal conductivity. The dissipation of waste heat can also be achieved in the same way through a correspondingly low heat capacity.The invention therefore expressly includes embodiments in which the insulation is integrated into the material of the surface temperature control element and thus the surface temperature control element has insulating functions or the insulation also fulfills the function of a surface temperature control element.

[0030] Each temperature zone can either be controlled independently, both technically and hydraulically, or be integrated hydraulically in parallel or in series into the building system.

[0031] While the first version offers a wider range of applications, the latter is more cost-effective, particularly with regard to installation and control costs.

[0032] For example, concrete ceilings are known to have materials such as polystyrene (EPS) or rigid foam (PUR / PIR) incorporated into the ceiling structure to reduce weight and / or relieve structural loads. Similarly, appropriate sound-absorbing layers are used in solid building structures.

[0033] Furthermore, double-shell wall systems, such as filigree hollow walls with and without internal insulation, are known, particularly but not exclusively. Such systems are also known as double-shell hollow concrete structures or tube systems (e.g., tubular ceilings or prestressed concrete ceilings), which are primarily used as ceilings.

[0034] Such systems are already used today as fast-acting, thermally active building components. Pipes are installed exclusively in the lower ceiling area, close to the surface. By reducing the heat flow into the mass located above the insulation layer(s) or the cavity(ies), which is usually required for structural stability, relatively fast-acting thermal systems can be created.

[0035] Therefore, the invention can be used in roofs, ceilings, walls, floor slabs, and screeds (alone or in combination with ceilings, floor slabs, etc.). It should therefore be expressly noted that when this document refers to ceiling components or thermally activated components, it means all relevant components, building elements, and building envelope surfaces.

[0036] Therefore, the invention also includes a component that delimits the space of a building, wherein the component has an energy storage device for storing thermal energy and a surface temperature control element that faces the space to be temperature controlled, wherein insulation is provided between the energy storage device and the surface temperature control element, which predominantly forms thermal insulation between the energy storage device and the surface temperature control element, and the component forms a system as described herein.

[0037] It should be noted that the component described here integrates the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element into a single component. The system concept encompassed by the invention includes not only this solution but also a solution in which the energy storage unit is spatially separated from the surface temperature control element, even in relation to the component itself. For example, the energy storage unit could be the foundation slab of a house, which is typically insulated from the ground and further insulated from the screed layer covering it, for instance, by insulation. In this system, the surface temperature control element, which might be located, for example, in rooms on the ground floor or first floor of the building, is hydraulically connected to this slab in a suitable manner.The insulation between the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element is achieved through the spatial distance between these two elements, thus preventing heat conduction, apart from the connecting pipe. In other words, in this application, heat loss from the energy storage unit does not affect the room temperature.

[0038] Therefore, the system advantageously provides for the energy storage element to be the foundation slab, the ceiling element or the wall element of the building.

[0039] An insulation layer is provided between the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element, primarily serving as thermal insulation between the two. "Predominantly" here means that the insulation layer covers at least 50% of the surface area between the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element, and in particular at least 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of the surface area.

[0040] Equally acceptable is a choice of material for the surface temperature control element that has inferior thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity properties by at least 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% compared to the material of the energy storage device.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the proposal, the pipeline is arranged as centrally as possible within or on the energy storage unit, particularly on its surface. In this first variant, a pipeline positioned as centrally as possible within the energy storage unit ensures effective heat transfer from the heat of the thermal conductivity medium circulating in the pipeline to the energy storage unit (and back). Such an embodiment is particularly suitable, for example, when the component or system is newly constructed and can be taken into account during the planning of the component or system element. Another advantage of the invention is that it can also be retrofitted in existing buildings, in which case the pipeline is arranged on the energy storage unit, particularly on its surface.

[0042] This is the second proposal presented here. Of course, it is also possible, in the case of renovation, to lay the energy storage system's pipeline in trenches previously excavated within the energy storage system and then seal these trenches with a heat-conducting grout.

[0043] It should also be mentioned that the position of the pipes within the energy storage system can be adjusted, particularly depending on the design of the insulation and / or the material of the surface heating element and / or the energy storage system itself. Since the heat energy introduced into the energy storage system via the pipes is distributed throughout the storage system material by heat flow, a slightly off-center arrangement—for example, by placing the pipes on the half of the energy storage system furthest from the surface heating element—can optimize the heat storage capacity while simultaneously reducing the insulation requirements and minimizing heat losses from the energy storage system.

[0044] Furthermore, it is provided that the pipeline in the surface temperature control element is arranged on the surface facing the room to be temperature controlled.

[0045] The aim of designing a surface temperature control element is to enable it to regulate the temperature of the room—that is, to cool or heat it—as quickly as possible, i.e., with short reaction times. Therefore, one objective of the design is to transfer the heat energy transported into the element to the room being cooled as efficiently and rapidly as possible. This is achieved through a suitable arrangement of the piping within the surface temperature control element. A further measure involves designing the surface temperature control element from a material with low heat capacity and / or insulating properties, in order to avoid potential heat loss paths that would counteract the goal of rapid and effective energy utilization.

[0046] It is clear that the described pipeline is part of a pipeline network, which is naturally also laid out, for example, in several coils within the surface heating element (analogously also in the design of the energy storage system). Of course, several, even independent, pipelines can also be provided within the surface heating element / energy storage system.

[0047] In particular, it is provided that the energy storage system has a first pipeline for a liquid medium and a second pipeline for a gaseous medium.

[0048] The diameters of the first and second pipes are not necessarily identical, but can differ. For example, the diameter of the pipe for the gaseous medium is larger than the diameter of the pipe for the liquid medium. Due to the different media used, the user can utilize the heat provided by the energy storage system quickly and in various ways. The heated air can be used, for example, as process heat, such as for drying or similar applications, whereas the hydraulic line can be used to control a surface temperature control element, such as underfloor heating.

[0049] In an advantageous embodiment, the system comprises two surface temperature control elements, with the energy storage unit positioned between them. The energy storage unit is conveniently insulated. This ensures that the energy storage unit is (ideally) thermally separated from the two surface temperature control elements in their immediate vicinity, which can be used, for example, to heat different rooms, and can be controlled in different ways. Such a system is conveniently integrated into a single component, such as a hybrid or compact component, which is designed as a monolithic component or as a component composed of monolithic elements (e.g., in the form of a sandwich panel).

[0050] Cleverly, the insulation is positioned between the surface temperature control element and the energy storage unit. This design results in both an efficient and a compact solution. "Predominantly" here refers to an insulation coverage of at least 50% of the surface area in the intermediate layer between the energy storage unit and the surface temperature control element, and in particular at least 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, the insulation is formed by a layer of insulating material and / or heat-radiation-reflecting material or film. Known materials such as polyurethane or polystyrene, etc., can be used as insulating material. Heat-radiation-reflecting films or materials that have a similar effect are also known. These materials can also be used here. Naturally, corresponding combinations to enhance the effect are also possible.

[0052] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the insulation is integrated into the surface temperature control elements. This advantage of the invention has already been mentioned. The invention also includes embodiments in which the insulation is integrated into the material of the surface temperature control element, thus giving the element insulating properties, or in which the insulation also fulfills the function of a surface temperature control element, i.e., the insulation also fulfills the function of surface temperature control.

[0053] It is particularly advantageous that good heat capacity or thermal conductivity properties are not important in the surface temperature control element; heat should be effectively released to / from the room or absorbed, which is why these two functions, insulation and surface temperature control element, can be integrated.

[0054] In particular, it is intended that the insulation is formed by a material of the surface temperature control element that has poorer thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity properties than the material of the energy storage medium. For example, it is intended that the surface temperature control element be made of lightweight concrete or insulating concrete, which then acts as insulation against the material of the energy storage medium, and that the pipeline is then embedded in this, preferably near the surface.

[0055] Another aspect of the invention includes the proposal that the two pipes are embedded in materials with thermally different properties. In this simplest version, the insulation as defined by the invention is achieved through the significant deterioration in the thermal conductivity and heat capacity properties between the two zones.

[0056] Furthermore, the application also includes an embodiment in which at least one pipe is embedded in lean, lightweight, or insulating concrete, thus forming the surface temperature control element. In this variant, the arrangement of a pipe in the ceiling element above is irrelevant. It has been found that the function of the surface temperature control element—i.e., the most uniform possible heat radiation emission—is achieved even in embodiments where the material of the surface temperature control element is actually good or even very good insulator. A uniformly heated layer of air then forms beneath the surface temperature control element, resulting in homogeneous heat radiation or heat transfer across the surface of the element. The applicant reserves the right to seek separate protection for precisely this subject matter within the framework of a divisional application.

[0057] Advantageously, the insulation is provided by at least one stone, in particular a building block with poorer thermal conductivity and / or heat capacity properties than the material of the energy storage medium. The invention encompasses a wide variety of different implementation options. In addition to components implemented as concrete slabs, it is also possible to implement the system in a steel-stone slab or component, in which case the stone or building block used provides the insulation. In the proposed embodiment,

[0058] Furthermore, the proposal advantageously provides that an existing building element, such as a ceiling or floor, serves as the energy storage medium. A pipe, preferably with at least one mounting element supported by the element, is arranged on or within this element, and insulation is positioned between the energy storage medium and the surface temperature control element. This proposal describes the renovation or retrofit scenario. As already explained, the inventive proposal is not limited to new construction; the proposed system can also be integrated into existing building elements and implemented in a variety of ways. In this case, the existing element (ceiling) is upgraded to an energy storage medium, for which at least one pipe must be installed. As already explained, the surface temperature control element is then installed, which can have integrated insulation, or the insulation can be designed as a separate, discrete component.For mounting the surface temperature control element, one (or more) mounting elements are provided, which, for example, allow for point mounting or are designed as a profile for linear mounting. The mounting element must be designed to meet the static requirements. The mounting element must be thermally decoupled from the energy storage unit by additional insulating measures (e.g., mounting via an insulating piece).

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the proposal, the fastening element also serves to support or hold the surface heating element and / or the insulation. Such a design significantly simplifies installation. For example, the surface heating element can be implemented as a suspended ceiling.

[0060] Furthermore, the mounting element is designed to also support or incorporate an installation channel or pipe, particularly as a single piece or integrated component. This design further simplifies installation, as the mounting element then performs a dual function. In addition to securing the surface temperature control element, the mounting element also provides, for example, the pipe used for charging and discharging the energy storage unit. Furthermore, the mounting element can also incorporate an installation channel, which can be used, for example, to accommodate electrical cables or similar components. An integrated design is understood to mean, for example, a unit consisting of several parts but pre-assembled into a single unit.

[0061] In an advantageous embodiment, the insulation serves as a fastening element. Materials are known that are capable of bearing a certain degree of static load. With such an embodiment, it is possible, for example, to design the insulation as a prefabricated component that, for instance, has grooves for receiving the pipes, or where these are already pre-installed. Conveniently, the pipework or pipe register is then provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate-like insulation.

[0062] The design cleverly incorporates components that can be constructed in various ways, including as semi-prefabricated elements, precast elements, precast concrete elements, prestressed concrete elements, filigree elements or filigree slab elements, cast-in-place concrete elements, steel-stone elements, or steel-stone-concrete elements. The proposed design is highly versatile and not limited to a specific manufacturing method. Therefore, the invention can be optimally adapted to specific site conditions and, depending on the degree of prefabrication, can be manufactured very cost-effectively. It is understood that semi-prefabricated or filigree structures are completed with cast-in-place concrete, thus forming the component as described.

[0063] In a further preferred embodiment, the component is formed by a monolithic body that incorporates the energy storage device, the surface temperature control element, and the insulation. For the purposes of this invention, a monolithic body is understood to be a component that is formed in one piece, but may also be constructed from different materials using a composite design, or, for example, cast in a single manufacturing process. A body consisting of several, i.e., at least two different, components, each manufactured in one piece and subsequently joined together with appropriate fasteners such as screws, anchors, adhesives, or similar elements, is also considered a monolithic body within the meaning of this invention. The fact that such a body incorporates insulation material in the form of a roll does not preclude it from being considered a monolithic body.

[0064] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the insulation is formed by displacement bodies arranged within the structure. The use of the proposed displacement bodies opens up a surprisingly simple implementation possibility. The use of displacement bodies is actually well-known in construction, as they are incorporated into precast concrete elements to reduce the amount of concrete used and thus also lower the mass of the precast element. Of course, such displacement bodies are only used if this is structurally feasible. In the present case, however, these displacement bodies have an additional function, as they enclose an air space that acts as insulation and naturally hinders heat transfer in this area, thus reducing the thermal capacity. In particular, it is possible with such displacement bodies to cast the component in one piece, i.e.,The area of ​​the surface temperature control element and the area of ​​the energy storage are made of the same material and are sufficiently thermally decoupled by the layer of or arrangement of individual displacement bodies.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the invention, a second pipe system is installed above the insulation layer(s) or cavity (cavities). This allows the ceiling mass, which is usually available anyway for structural reasons, to also be used for thermal purposes.

[0066] In another embodiment, the upper and lower pipe systems form a single hydraulic circuit (single-pipe system). This allows, for example, the use of two or more different pipe dimensions. This makes it possible to implement different pipe spacings or to connect areas of varying sizes hydraulically in a relatively simple manner.

[0067] Such a "single-pipe system" can be implemented cost-effectively because a second thermal circuit, including circulation pumps, mixers, etc., is eliminated. The different temperature zones are then determined by calculating the delta between the flow and return temperatures.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the invention, the pipe systems are preferably filled with liquids such as water. However, other media such as antifreeze, refrigerant, or air, or combinations thereof, are also conceivable.

[0069] In pipe systems that are controlled independently by control technology and / or hydraulics, the different temperature zones are created, for example, via a double water circuit. It has been found to be advantageous if both systems additionally have a "hydraulic separator." In this embodiment of the invention, the near-surface system, primarily used for room temperature control, can be controlled and operated completely independently of the system primarily used for energy storage.

[0070] It was found that the system's performance, both in terms of the rapid charging and discharging of the thermal storage unit and the room-side heating / cooling capacity, can be significantly increased by an additional air-circulating system in the ceiling. This can be achieved using pipes routed through, for example, the concrete core, into which conventional inline fans are installed. This technique of additional charging / discharging via airflow is particularly suitable for suspended ceilings or prestressed concrete slabs. The resulting increase in room-side performance is substantial, especially in cooling mode, and allows for a considerable reduction in the size of the refrigeration units. With this solution, the thermal mass can not only be used according to time and demand, but the heating / cooling capacity can also be switched on as needed without directly burdening the system's technical components.

[0071] Another advantageous solution within the framework of the multifunctional system involves dehumidifying the room air using the previously described air duct system. In this system, the building structure beneath the air ducts has a porous surface. An airflow below the dew point is directed over this surface, which can also serve as an acoustically effective absorber, carrying away the moisture absorbed from the room. The dehumidification effect can also be achieved if the porous surface itself is cooled below the dew point, for example, by means of cooling medium flowing through pipes, and the resulting moisture is then dried and carried away by the airflow behind it. This airflow can be slightly warmed to increase its moisture absorption capacity. In addition to the charging / discharging of the ceiling structure described above, this solution also allows for the use of adiabatic cooling through evaporation to further enhance performance.

[0072] Another solution involves applying a thermally activated (wet / dry / bonded) screed or a simple laid pipe system as a component—depending on the design, either fast-acting or slow-acting—to, for example, a tubular ceiling. The lower ceiling surface is also designed to be either fast-acting or slow-acting due to the system's characteristics. It has been found to be particularly advantageous to design the underside of the ceiling to be thermally fast-acting, while the upper side is thermally slow-acting. It is also considered advantageous if the system applied on top is thermally separated from the ceiling structure, for example, by means of a conventional "floating screed."

[0073] Another preferred option is the construction of the multifunctional ceiling using on-site methods. An innovative approach has been found to be advantageous in encasing conventionally used near-surface pipe systems in a lightweight concrete with low thermal conductivity. In a second concreting step, for example, the compression concrete is then poured as conventional heavy concrete. The storage pipe system is then embedded in this second concrete layer.

[0074] This manufacturing method can also be used for the production of prefabricated (semi-)finished parts.

[0075] Furthermore, it was found that the thermal separation of the two temperature zones can be achieved on-site by means of insulating layers made of known and commercially available materials.

[0076] The majority of building energy is supplied to existing buildings. Every new building, no matter how well-designed, will indicate an additional energy demand due to its construction and operation.

[0077] The invention is also intended to take this circumstance into account. Therefore, it presents for the first time a solution for how, for example, the ceiling mass in existing buildings can be thermally activated.

[0078] The underside of the ceiling is fitted with a pipe system and special heat-conducting profiles. Conventional, rigid hangers can be attached to these heat-conducting profiles, which in turn support a suspended radiant heating / cooling ceiling (drywall construction) or corresponding radiant heating / cooling panels. In an advantageous design, an insulating layer is placed between the two pipe systems.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the invention, it was also found that the entire substructure system can be prefabricated, for example, in a factory. This can be advantageously achieved, for example, by covering an insulation panel made of a known, commercially available building material or an acoustically effective material on both sides with pipes, as described above. This prefabricated element can be attached to the ceiling using conventional fasteners available on the market.

[0080] In another solution, the thermal break layer used is (additionally) moisture-absorbing, and the Finnish facing the room is vapor-permeable. This allows for a dew-point-safe system which, depending on its specific design, can tolerate short-term drops below the dew point. Materials commonly used for the insulating layer include calcium silicate, clay building boards, wood-based materials, cork, various plastics, etc. The Finnish material can also be produced cost-effectively from common materials such as marble dust, clay, lime, etc.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the invention, it was found to be advantageous to hydraulically integrate the dry construction system, which as described above can be made of profiles or elements or a combination thereof, as described above, and / or to equip it with additional air-guided tubes for increasing performance, loading / unloading or / and dehumidification.

[0082] In this context, it is particularly emphasized that all features and properties described in relation to the system, as well as all procedures, are analogously transferable to the formulation of the component according to the invention and can be used within the scope of the invention, and are considered to be jointly disclosed. The same applies in reverse, meaning that only structural, i.e., device-related, features mentioned in relation to the component can also be considered and claimed within the scope of the device claims of the system and are likewise part of the disclosure.

[0083] Furthermore, the invention also includes the use of the component for storing thermal energy and simultaneously providing a surface temperature control element.

[0084] The invention is schematically illustrated in the drawing, particularly in one exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 to Fig. 7: different variants of the component according to the invention, each shown in one view

[0085] In the figures, identical or corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals and are therefore not described again unless expedient. The disclosures contained in the entire description are applicable analogously to identical parts with the same reference numerals or component designations. Furthermore, the positional references chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., refer to the figure directly described and illustrated and must be applied analogously to any change in position.

[0086] Figure 1 Figure 1 shows an exemplary component according to the invention with at least two temperature zones that are partially or completely separated by an insulating layer made of known materials. The following reference numerals are used:

[0087] Near-surface pipe system. Shown here as a "fast-moving" system. 1: Pipe system for energy storage in the "inert" part of the ceiling. 2: Separation layer. 3: Alternative / optional pipe for air distribution. 4: Statically necessary reinforcement. 5: Concrete ceiling as (semi-)prefabricated element or cast in place. 6: Lower concrete surface of the concrete ceiling (6) incorporates / forms the surface temperature control element (11). 7: Upper concrete surface of the concrete ceiling (6) incorporates / forms 10: Energy storage. 11: Surface temperature control element. 12: System according to the invention.

[0088] In the embodiment shown here, the pipe (1) of the surface temperature control element (11) is located below the reinforcement (5), particularly near the surface facing the room. In contrast, the pipe (2) of the energy storage unit (10) is located between the reinforcing bars (5) or below the uppermost reinforcing bar (5) running parallel to the surface of the component, and thus inside the component. Reference numeral (4) indicates, in particular, pipes or pipe sections with a larger diameter that may serve for air supply. The separation layer or...As can be clearly seen, the insulation (3) is arranged almost continuously between the energy storage unit (10) and the surface temperature control element (11). It is recessed in the area of ​​the reinforcement (5) to facilitate the assembly and construction of the component, without, however, noticeably reducing the effect according to the invention, since the predominant surface area between the energy storage unit (10) and the surface temperature control element (11) is still thermally separated from each other by the separating layer or insulation (3).

[0089] Figure 2Figure 1 shows another exemplary component according to the invention with at least two temperature zones which, as shown here by way of example, are manufactured in a structurally separate manner. Above this, in a further / supplementary variant, a third temperature zone is arranged, integrated into a floor heating system (to form a second surface temperature control element (11b) for discharging the storage core / energy storage unit (10)). The storage core / energy storage unit (10), shown here by way of example, is separated from the room above by the insulation (3) of the floating screed, which is necessary anyway, from the room volume actually to be heated. The component is a concrete tube or bubble ceiling, either as a (semi-)prefabricated element or manufactured on site (cast-in-place concrete). It is shown with empty tubes / bubbles (4) filled with insulating material (7), which are also referred to as displacement elements (17) or act as such. The following are described: 1: Near-surface pipe system. Shown here as a "responsive" system in the surface temperature control element (11a) of the ceiling surface (18) and in the surface temperature control element (11b) of the floor (19). 2: Pipe system for energy storage / transport in the "inert" part of the ceiling, the energy storage unit (10). By means of top-side, non-central loading, using a pipe system (2) laid on top. 3: Separation layer(s) shown as an example, also structurally. 4: Tube / bubble for concrete displacement. Also shown here filled with a separation layer / insulation (3) and / or used as a second independent pipe (4) for additional storage, discharge, and increasing the performance of the ceiling. The arrangement of the pipe (4) or the displacement body (17) (these are, for example, profile sections closed on all sides or filled) alone already acts as insulation (3).5: Statically necessary reinforcement, 50: Clips for bonded screed (8) and / or shear anchors to form a static unit between the bonded screed (8) and the energy storage unit (10). 8: Concrete topping (with / without static function), or bonded screed. Each applied locally or at the factory to the component, in particular to form a monolithic body (16). This layer also accommodates the pipe (2) of the energy storage unit (10). 9: Floating screed with thermal break layer (3) and underfloor heating as a surface temperature control element (11b).

[0090] Figure 3 This presents another proposed solution for a solid structural component (prefabricated locally / in a factory) as a steel / stone ceiling, as a (semi-)prefabricated element, or constructed on site. It describes: 1: Near-surface pipe system. Shown here as a "quick-acting" system, exemplarily without further discharge temperature zones, which are, however, possible as shown above. 2: Pipe system for energy storage in the "inert" part of the ceiling. 3: Separation layer, shown here structurally as a stone (e.g., brick). 4: Alternative / optional pipe used for air distribution. Here, embedded in the topping / grout concrete as an example. 5: Statically necessary reinforcement. 7: Joint / grout concrete.

[0091] The structure of the in Figure 3The assembly of the component shown is carried out by first placing a series of building blocks 13, which can be, for example, bricks or concrete blocks, on a base, each block having a corresponding tapered section. This creates recesses 20 between adjacent building blocks, the shape of which varies depending on the design of the building blocks 13. These recesses 20 are lined with reinforcement 5 and then filled with grout 7, thus forming the energy storage unit 10, divided longitudinally into several sub-storage units.

[0092] Naturally, each energy storage unit 10 includes a pipe 2 for the supply and removal of thermal energy. The building blocks 13 do not generally extend over the entire height of the component, but are only arranged in the lower area. The building blocks 13 also carry a pipe 1 at their lower end, and in this area, facing the room, form the surface temperature control element 11. Cleverly, the building block 13 is not only the element that forms the surface temperature control element 11, but also simultaneously the insulation 3. This is achieved because the thermal conductivity or heat capacity of the building block 13 is significantly lower than that of the material of the energy storage unit 10. This is also the reason why the building block 13 does not extend over the entire height of the component, but is encased in the upper area by the potting compound 21, which in turn also allows for the integration of a second pipe 4.

[0093] Of course, it is possible to form the building block 13, as shown in the right area, at the height of the component; however, only a smaller amount of thermal energy can be stored here than, for example, in an energy storage unit 10, which is predominantly formed from concrete-filled troughs 20 and the grout materials 21 arranged between them.

[0094] Figure 4 This shows another solution to the invention of a multifunctional component, presented here as a dry construction solution for subsequent installation (e.g., but not exclusively, in renovations or lightweight constructions). It describes: 1: Near-surface pipe system of the surface temperature control element 11. Shown here as an example, installed in a profile system, or in the separating layer, or in an alternatively / additionally attached, e.g., gypsum plasterboard or ceiling plaster 8. 2: Second pipe system of the energy storage unit 10, which activates the mass present in a building component and thus additionally uses it as a thermal storage unit. 3: Separating layer, shown here equipped with / without optional pipe systems, which can preferably also be acoustically effective and / or moisture-absorbing. 4: Alternative / optional pipe used for air distribution. 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3: Exemplary, systematically presented profile (system).Which can also be height-adjustable and can also be used to attach the entire system to the existing component to be activated and / or can also serve to accommodate the second (storage) pipe system and which can also simultaneously serve as the attachment point for the separating layer and / or ceiling cladding. 7: Existing building element, e.g., existing structure, component. E.g., ceiling, etc. 8: Plaster layer and / or (ceiling) cladding made of known building materials or system which can also be equipped with its own (capillary) pipe system.

[0095] A fastening element 14 is attached to the existing element 7 (a ceiling) using fastening means 21, for example by screwing it on. The fastening element 14 has an omega-shaped cross-sectional surface designed to accommodate the pipe 2. The pipe 2 is part of the energy storage system 10, which the existing element 7 is being upgraded and enhanced to become through this renovation. The fastening element 14 is arranged either such that the pipe is pre-assembled in the fastening element 14, because the opening of the fastening element 14 then rests on the surface of the element 7, or, as not yet shown, the opening for receiving the pipe 2 is located on the side facing away from the element 7.

[0096] Figures 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 show different versions of the fastening part 14: Figure 5.1 shows the mounting part 14 angled in a Z-shape, with both ends of the mounting part designed to receive and hold a pipe 1, 2. Figure 5.2 shows the mounting part 14 on the side of the surface temperature control element 11 in a T-shape, also designed to hold a pipe 1. Figure 5.3 shows the mounting part 14 in a multi-part version for adjusting the suspension lengths of the surface temperature control element 11.

[0097] The variants shown here are, firstly, a classic drywall ceiling finished with a gypsum plasterboard. In this case, the pipe 1 is at least partially embedded in the insulation 3, which is not critical due to the poor thermal conductivity of the insulation 3. The other variant features a plaster layer 8 in which the pipe 1 is embedded. The fastening element 14 is designed to support and hold the insulation 3 and, of course, the surface temperature control element 11 formed by the gypsum plasterboard, etc.

[0098] Figure 5 shows how Figure 6 , another exemplary solution comprising at least two temperature zones, a multifunctional climate ceiling. It shows: 1: Near-surface pipe system. Shown here as an example of a known system. 2: Second pipe system, which activates the mass present in a building component as an energy storage medium 10 and thus also uses it as a thermal storage medium. 3: Separation layer, shown here as an example without further functions. 4: Alternative / optional pipe used for air distribution. Shown here as a square pipe to increase the contact area. 5, 5.2: Exemplary, systematically presented profile (system). In which at least one pipe can be installed at the factory / on-site, on the side facing the component to be activated and / or on the side facing away from it, and which additionally / optionally has a device for receiving known, also compression-resistant, suspension systems. 7: Existing, e.g., existing, component. E.g., ceiling, etc. 9: Hanger, of known design. Preferably compression-resistant.

[0099] The structure in Figure 5 is with the in Figure 4very similar. In the area of ​​the surface temperature control element 11, a fire protection layer 22 is provided between the gypsum plasterboard 23 and the insulation 3; the entire arrangement is attached to the element 7 by known branches 9 as fastening part 14.

[0100] Figure 6This figure shows an exemplary representation of a multifunctional climate ceiling implemented in a preferred variant. The pipes (1 and 2) required for creating the at least two temperature zones are shown here as examples. They are integrated directly into at least one groove in the separation layer 3 (which is made of a known building material such as foam glass, calcium silicate foam (aerated concrete), or another material), either factory-installed or on-site, with or without a specially designed groove, using known manufacturing processes. Also shown is at least one thermally conductive material (e.g., graphite, aluminum, steel, or the like) in which at least one pipe (for creating at least two temperature zones) is guided, using a method as described above.

[0101] In a preferred design, the separating layer is additionally made acoustically effective and / or moisture-absorbing and / or fire-retardant and is covered or finished with, for example, an acoustically effective material.

[0102] Example of how to install the multifunctional climate ceiling. Shown here as a wooden construction. However, all common fastening techniques, such as dowels, screws, adhesives, and the like, are possible.

[0103] Figure 7Figure 1 shows another variant according to the invention. The component or system 12 shown here is designed as a monolithic body 16, which comprises two materials. In the lower area, where the surface temperature control element 11 is to be formed, a layer of lightweight concrete or insulating concrete is first applied, which acts as an insulating layer 3. This material is characterized by poor thermal properties, as already described. The insulating layer 3 forms at the separating layer 24 that demarcates the lightweight concrete layer from the normal concrete layer. The component shown here has reinforcement 5 as usual. Depending on the static requirements, this reinforcement can be embedded in or above the lightweight concrete layer; both variants are possible according to the invention.

[0104] This variant already achieves the effect according to the invention! This can be further improved if, as in Fig.2 As shown, additional displacement bodies 17 are arranged in the area of ​​the separating layer 24, which advantageously also reduce the weight of such a component.

[0105] This variant can be implemented as a cast-in-place concrete slab, as a filigree component or as a prefabricated component.

[0106] The following is a structured overview of possible features of the proposal.

[0107] One embodiment of the invention comprises a component that is manufactured in all variations, from entirely locally produced to completely factory-prefabricated, fully assembled components, consisting of at least two zones that are physically and / or control-technically / thermally separated or separable from one another. This component is characterized by being both a self-contained unit (e.g., a concrete slab) and a conglomerate of at least two components (e.g., a floating screed with an underlying concrete slab), in which temperature zones are created. At least one pipe carrying a liquid medium and / or at least one gaseous medium is routed through the zone(s), and which can be actively or passively thermally charged and / or discharged.

[0108] A component as previously designed, wherein at least one thermal zone has a longer / shorter response time that differs from the other thermal zone(s), which is due to a larger / smaller storage volume.

[0109] A component as previously designed, consisting of a concrete core activation with a thermally separated but in the same component arranged near-surface, fast-acting e.g. heating / cooling ceiling or heating / cooling floor.

[0110] A component as previously designed, wherein the thermal break layer consists of a material different from the building structure and / or at least one cavity which can additionally be used for acoustic and / or moisture absorption.

[0111] A component as previously designed, wherein at least one thermal layer, and optionally an additional / alternative air-conducting system, is integrated which serves to charge / discharge the component and / or increase the performance (also quickly and on demand) on the room side through enhanced convection and / or charging / discharging of at least one thermal layer and / or for the removal of moisture accumulating in and / or the pipe / thermal separation layer, which can also be cooled separately with its own pipe system, and / or additionally / supplementarily serves the air exchange.

[0112] A component as described above, wherein it is a dry construction system which optionally consists of at least one profile made of known materials (steel, aluminum, plastic or a conglomerate of several known materials) and / or of an insulating layer made of known materials, e.g., glass foam, EPS, graphite (foam) or a conglomerate of several known materials and / or profiles, which may also be acoustically and / or moisture-absorbing and / or heat-insulating, such that at least one thermally separated zone is created on both the side facing away from the room and the side facing the room, and which is applied to the side facing the room of a component (e.g., ceiling or wall) in such a way that the component itself can be thermally charged / discharged and the room in question can be heated / cooled.

[0113] A component constructed as before, wherein the thermally separated temperature zones are hydraulically connected to the pipe system and connected in series.

[0114] A component as previously designed, wherein the thermally separated temperature zones are hydraulically separated and / or, depending on the specific requirements, hydraulically controlled and connected via, for example, a hydraulically acting buffer storage tank, which can also serve as a hydraulic separator.

[0115] A component as previously designed, wherein the fast-acting temperature zone (the surface temperature control element) is simultaneously operated at a temperature opposite to that of the energy storage device during the charging / discharging of the slow-acting temperature zone (the energy storage device), and / or optionally controlled by means of a technically known and additional buffer storage device in such a way that the energy acting on the fast-acting zone via transmission is absorbed and stored in the additional buffer. The energy stored in this way is then made available again at a later time, either directly into the fast-acting temperature zone or by being introduced into the slow-acting temperature zone.

[0116] A component as previously designed, wherein the inert and / or agile temperature zone is divided into any number of small units and can thus be individually and, if necessary, in a preferred variant, be loaded and / or unloaded in different temperature levels in a space- and / or demand-oriented manner.

Claims

1. Building comprising a system for temperature control of a room of the building and for storing thermal energy, at least one energy storage device (10) made of solid material being provided for storing the thermal energy and at least one surface temperature control element (11), which faces the room to be temperature-controlled, being provided for temperature control of the room and the system having insulation (13) which at least partially surrounds the energy storage device (10), the energy storage device (10) and the surface temperature control element (11) having at least one pipeline (1, 2, 4) for conveying a liquid or gaseous medium which serves to transport thermal energy, the energy storage device (10) being a foundation slab or a ceiling element of the building, characterized in that the material of the surface temperature control element has a heat capacity property that is at least 60% worse compared to the material of the energy storage device.

2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline (2, 4) is arranged as centrally as possible in the energy storage device (10) or on the energy storage device (10), in particular on its surface.

3. Building according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipeline (1) is arranged in the surface temperature control element (11) on the surface facing the room to be temperature-controlled.

4. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage device (10) has a first pipeline (2) for a liquid medium and a second pipeline (4) for a gaseous medium.

5. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system (12) has two surface temperature control elements (11a, 11b) and the energy storage device (10) is arranged between the two surface temperature control elements (11a, 11b).

6. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation (3) is arranged between the surface temperature control element (11) and the energy storage device (10) and / or the insulation (3) is formed from a layer of insulating material and / or heat radiation reflecting material or foil material.

7. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation (3) is integrated into the surface temperature control element (11) and / or the insulation (3) is formed from a material of the surface temperature control element (11) that has worse heat conductivity properties and / or heat capacity properties than the material of the energy storage device (10).

8. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation (3) is formed from at least one stone (13) in particular a building block with worse heat conductivity properties and / or heat capacity properties than the material of the energy storage device (10).

9. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipeline (2) is preferably arranged on or in the foundation slab or ceiling element with at least one fastening part (14) supported by the foundation slab or ceiling element and the insulation (3) is arranged between the energy storage device (10) and the surface temperature control element (11).

10. Building according to claim 9, characterized in that the fastening part (14) also serves to support the surface temperature control element (11) and / or the insulation (3) and / or the fastening part (14) also supports or forms an installation channel (15) or a pipeline (4), in particular in one piece or integrated.

11. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation (3) serves as a fastening part (14) for the pipeline (4).

12. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface temperature control element consists of lightweight concrete or insulating concrete.