SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING INSTALLATION ERRORS IN FLUE GAS DEFLECTOR ELEMENTS.

Abstract

The invention is a fault detection system (10) and method for detecting the absence, incorrect positioning or incorrect installation of at least one guiding element that directs the flue gas flow in the flue gas passages of the heat exchanger in boilers (20). In the system, the fan (21) is operated using the reference pulse width modulation value of the condition where the guiding element is correctly positioned and installed completely. The reference rotational speed information of the fan (21) is compared with the control rotational speed information. If the control rotational speed is faster than the predetermined limiting deviation value relative to the reference rotational speed, a fault signal is generated. Figure 1

Description

1 TARIFF SYSTEM AND ANALYSIS FOR DETECTING FLUE GAS DIRECTION ELEMENT INSTALLATION ERRORS. METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to boilers containing heat exchangers with elements that direct the flue gas flow. It is related. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE In condensing boilers, the heat exchanger takes heat from the hot flue gas produced as a result of combustion. It enables the transfer of heat to the fluid circuit. Flue gas heat exchanger. It must move in the correct direction along the passageways inside and with sufficient contact time, heat 15 Maintaining heat transfer efficiency is important. For this purpose, some heat exchangers structures that direct the flow of flue gas, regulate the flow path, or control the flue gas Guiding elements are used to increase contact with heat transfer surfaces. The aforementioned guiding elements direct the flue gas along the desired path within the heat exchanger. It helps to monitor and ensure the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger is 20. It enables access. In current systems, the guide elements inside the heat exchanger are not properly installed. situations such as being dropped, incorrectly installed, or not being reinstalled after servicing. This can occur. In this case, the flue gas flows through the heat exchanger at the predicted rate of 25. not following the path and not making sufficient contact with heat transfer surfaces It can escape from the system. As a result, heat transfer efficiency decreases, and flue gas The temperature is increasing and the boiler may be approaching its safe operating limits. The current In applications, flue gas temperature sensors are commonly used to detect such problems. Pressure sensors or gas sensors are used. However, these sensors increase the device cost by 30%. This increases the risk of malfunction, requires additional cabling and assembly, and raises the possibility of sensor failure. This carries the risk of false warnings or unnecessary safety shutdowns due to malfunctions. It brings. In conclusion, all the problems mentioned above necessitate an innovation in the relevant technical field. 35 It has made it mandatory. 2 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and contribute to the relevant technical field. It is related to an error detection system, with the aim of bringing new advantages. One aim of the invention is to differentiate the guiding elements that must be located inside the boiler. Determining their presence and that they are in the correct location requires additional detection elements. The goal is to develop a system and method that can provide this without needing to do so. All the objectives mentioned above and those that will emerge from the detailed explanation below are 10 The present invention aims to implement a fan before or inside the combustion chamber. subsequently, gas flow is ensured and at least one heat source is released from the flue gas resulting from combustion. In boilers where a fluid is heated by passing it through the flue gas passages of a heat exchanger, the term The subject is the minimum provided to direct flue gas flow in flue gas passages. 15 The absence, incorrect positioning, or faulty installation of a guiding element It is a method for determining its status. Accordingly, novelty, - at least one diversion provided to direct the flue gas flow in the heat exchanger To be applied provided the element is mounted in the correct position and completely, Reference pulse width modulation for adjusting the fan operating level. Selecting the (PWM) value, 20 - from the fan controller, the fan is at the specified reference pulse width modulation value When the system is started, the fan's rotational speed is obtained and this speed is used as the reference rotational speed. determination, -The fan can be controlled via the fan controller at any time during the boiler's service life. a control pulse width modulation equal to the reference pulse width modulation value 25 A starting signal is given at a specific value, and this control pulse width is applied by the fan controller. A control that relates to how fast the fan spins in response to the modulation value. Obtaining rotational speed information, -Comparison of control rotation speed information with reference rotation speed information, -the control rotational speed information is obtained from the reference rotational speed information, with a prior interval of 30 being so fast that the difference will be greater than a specified threshold deviation value in this case, to direct the flue gas flow in the flue gas passages in question The absence, incorrect positioning, or malfunction of at least one provided guidance element. Generating an error signal regarding the assembly status, -the aforementioned error signal indicates that the boiler's operation has stopped, and the ignition process has ceased. sent to the boiler control unit to block and / or interrupt the fuel supply It includes the steps. Thus, the lack of a guiding element, its incorrect positioning 3 or faulty installation, additional flue gas temperature sensor, pressure sensor or gas sensor This is determined by observing the fan's operating characteristics without using any equipment. A feature of a possible configuration of the invention is control pulse width modulation. The operating signal of value 5 represents the initial start-up, energization, and commissioning of the boiler. or includes the step of supplying power to the fan during operation after maintenance. Thus Assembly error related to the steering element, during the start-up of the boiler or It is checked in the early stages during the first start-up after maintenance. Another possible configuration of the invention features the control rotational speed information, which allows the fan to be 10... a measurement taken within a range where the control pulse width modulation is operated at a specific value It involves determining the average of multiple rotational speed values. This reduces the impact of transient speed fluctuations on the measurement result and decreases the error. The accuracy of the assessment is being increased. However, the invention involves a fan either before or after the combustion chamber. where gas flow is provided and the flue gas resulting from combustion passes through at least one heat exchanger. In a boiler where a fluid is heated by passing it through flue gas passages, the flue in question at least one diversion provided to direct the flue gas flow in gas passageways Detection of missing, incorrectly positioned or incorrectly assembled element 20 It is an error detection system aimed at correction. Accordingly, its novelty, - at least one diversion provided to direct the flue gas flow in the heat exchanger To be applied provided the element is mounted in the correct position and completely, Reference pulse width modulation for adjusting the fan operating level. Selecting the (PWM) value, 25 - from the fan controller, the fan is at the specified reference pulse width modulation value When the system is started, the fan's rotational speed is obtained and this speed is used as the reference rotational speed. determination, -The fan can be controlled via the fan controller at any time during the boiler's service life. a control pulse width modulation equal to the reference pulse width modulation value 30 A starting signal is given at a specific value, and this control pulse width is applied by the fan controller. A control that relates to how fast the fan spins in response to the modulation value. Obtaining rotational speed information, -Comparison of control rotation speed information with reference rotation speed information, -the control rotational speed information is obtained from the reference rotational speed information, with a prior interval of 35 between them. being so fast that the difference will be greater than a specified threshold deviation value in this case, to direct the flue gas flow in the flue gas passages in question 4 The absence, incorrect positioning, or malfunction of at least one provided guidance element. Generating an error signal regarding the assembly status, -the aforementioned error signal indicates that the boiler's operation has stopped, the ignition process has ceased. to the boiler control unit to block and / or interrupt the fuel supply It contains a processing unit that enables the transmission. 5 Another possible configuration of the invention involves the control rotational speed information being transmitted to the fan. a measurement taken within a range where the control pulse width modulation is operated at a specific value a processor unit that allows the average of multiple rotational speed values ​​to be determined It includes. 10 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the error detection system. Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the error detection system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This detailed explanation of the invention does not merely aim to provide a better understanding of the subject matter; it is a comprehensive explanation of the invention. This is explained with examples that will not create a limiting effect. The flowchart of the defect detection system (10) in question is given in Figure 1. The defect mentioned Detection system (10), with a fan (21) before or after the combustion chamber. where gas flow is ensured and the flue gas resulting from combustion passes through at least one heat exchanger 25 with a boiler (20) in which a fluid is heated by passing it through flue gas passages. It is used. The fluid in question can be a gas or a liquid; it is a heat transfer fluid. This fluid can be water, heating water, domestic water, drinking water, or any other type of fluid. The boiler mentioned herein (20) converts the heat energy obtained as a result of burning the fuel. transferring to the fluid and for this purpose combustion chamber, burner, fan (21), flue gas passages 30 It is a heating device that has at least one heat exchanger and fluid circuit. Heat Heat exchangers are different structures that provide heat transfer between flue gas and fluid. It can include. Within the heat exchanger, the flue gas flows in the desired direction along its passage paths. to ensure its progress, regulate flue gas flow and heat transfer surfaces of flue gas There is at least one guiding element to increase contact with it. The 35 mentioned... guide element, baffle, curtain, guide plate, flow regulator part, vane, It can be supplied as a separating element or similar component. Directional element, altering, lengthening, narrowing, distributing, or diverting the flue gas flow path It can be used as a guiding element. In possible configurations, also in technology. As is common, there are multiple guidance elements. Error detection system (10), the absence, incorrect positioning or fault of the mentioned guiding element 5. To detect the installation error that occurred on the heat exchanger side due to the installation. It is a system. The error detection system (10) includes a processor unit (30). The processor unit (30) is a CPU, a The GPU can be a microprocessor, etc. The processor unit (30) activates the fan (21). Obtaining the relevant values, evaluating the fan's (21) rotation speed information, control rotation 10 Comparison of speed information with reference rotational speed information and the basis of this comparison It is configured to generate an error signal. The processor unit (30) is configured to produce the fan (21) It communicates with a fan controller (22) that manages its operation. The aforementioned fan controller (22) is a device that adjusts the operating level of the fan (21) and sends an operating signal to the fan (21). It functions as an electronic control element. 15 The fan (21) directs the flow of gas before or after the combustion chamber. The operating level of the fan (21) is provided by the pulse generated by the fan controller (22). The pulse width modulation signal (PWM) is used for adjustment. The signal determines at what electrical operating level the fan (21) will be driven. It is a control signal. The fan (21) responds to the pulse width modulation value applied to it. Depending on the connection, it operates at a specific rotational speed. The heat exchanger has at least one direction. When the element is in the correct position and complete, the aforementioned guidance This element creates the expected flow resistance in flue gas passages. In contrast... Missing, incorrectly positioned, or incorrectly mounted guidance element 25 In this situation, the flue gas flow path changes and the flow resistance on the heat exchanger side increases. It is becoming lower than expected. The fault detection system (10) uses a reference pulse width modulation value for the detection process. It uses the reference pulse width modulation value of the fan (21) and 30 as a value that enables it to be run at a repeatable runtime level is selected. The mentioned value is, for example, one that enables the fan (21) to operate at full power. It can be a value. However, the reference pulse width modulation value is relevant. taking into consideration the boiler (20) model, fan (21) type, heat exchanger structure and diagnostic accuracy It can also be determined to correspond to a different level of work. The important thing is 35. The issue is that the reference pulse width modulation value is used for the fan (21) during the diagnostic process. It creates the same working conditions. 6 The reference rotational speed is the maximum speed provided to direct the flue gas flow in the heat exchanger. provided that at least a few of the steering elements are mounted correctly and completely, measured rotation for fan (21) at the mentioned reference pulse width modulation value It expresses the speed information. This value is 5 for the relevant boiler (20) model or heat exchanger type. design work, production testing, calibration processes, or verified assembly This can be determined by taking into account the conditions. Therefore, the reference rotational speed of the boiler is determined by taking into account the conditions. (20) not as a random value measured in its first faulty operation, but as a guideline as a value relating to the situation where the element is considered to be correctly located is selected. 10 The error detection system (10) includes a memory unit (40). Memory unit (40) contains the reference pulse. keeping a record of the width modulation value and the reference rotation speed information. The memory unit (40) also provides the control rotation speed received from the fan controller (22). information, calculated deviation value, limiting deviation value, error signal records and 15 It can also store previous diagnostic results. The memory unit (40) and the processing unit (30) It is configured to exchange data. In this way, the processor unit (30) can diagnose During the operation, the current fan (21) uses the reference values ​​recorded in the memory unit (40) It is able to evaluate the rotational speed information. The processor unit (30) references the fan (21) via the fan controller (22) during the detection process. a control pulse width modulation value equivalent to the pulse width modulation value It ensures that the operating signal is given. Thus, the fan (21) rotates at the reference speed. It is operated at a comparable equivalent operating level. The fan (21) controls the pulse. When operated at width modulation value, the fan controller (22) will control the fan (21) at 25 Control rotation speed information is obtained regarding how fast it is rotating. Control rotation speed The information represents the current rotational speed of the fan (21) at the time of diagnosis. Measurement To increase the reliability of the fan (21), the control pulse width modulation value A short waiting period may be applied after it is started. This waiting period, This helps the fan (21) to reach a stable speed at the relevant operating level. Then 30 The fan (21) rotation speed information is received and evaluated by the processor unit (30). is included. The processor unit (30) receives the control speed information and the reference speed information. It compares them. The comparison process involves calculating the difference between the two speed values. 35 This can be done. Alternatively, the control rotation speed information can be used as the reference rotation speed. ratio of information or proportional deviation relative to reference rotational speed information 7 It can be calculated. The value obtained as a result of this calculation is based on a predetermined value. It is compared with the limiting deviation value. The limiting deviation value is correctly assembled. a heat exchanger with a guiding element, or a heat exchanger with a missing or faulty guiding element. the rotation speed of the fan (21) between a positioned or incorrectly mounted heat exchanger It is determined in a way that allows the difference to be distinguished. 5 When the deflection element is in the correct position and complete, the flue gas The flue gas follows the predetermined flow path within the heat exchanger. In this case, the flue gas A certain level of flow resistance is observed in the passageways. The guiding element... If it is missing, incorrectly positioned, or incorrectly installed, the chimney will be damaged. The gas can move along a shorter or less resistant path. In this case, heat... The flow resistance on the heat exchanger side is reduced. Due to the reduction in flow resistance, the fan (21), faster than the reference rotation speed at the same pulse width modulation value It can rotate. The control rotational speed information is derived from the reference rotational speed information, between which a predetermined range is established. When the processor unit (30) is fast enough to have a difference greater than the boundary deviation value It generates an error signal. The error signal indicates that the flue gas in the flue gas passages in question... The absence of at least one routing element provided to direct the flow is incorrect. This is an output regarding the positioning or incorrect assembly situation. This output is directly related to 20. Operating characteristics of the fan (21) without the need for visual inspection of a physical part This is obtained through [method]. Thus, ensuring the guidance element is correctly mounted. not being done, the boiler (20) is not started or in the early stages of the work can be evaluated. The fault signal stops the operation of the boiler (20), preventing the ignition process. and / or is sent to the boiler control unit (23) to cut off the fuel supply. Boiler control unit (23) is the electronic board that manages the main operating functions of the boiler (20). It functions as follows: When the fault signal is transmitted to the boiler (20) control unit, the boiler control unit (23) does not allow the normal operation of the accident (20) or continues 30 This terminates the operation. This ensures that the guide element is not missing or incorrectly mounted. Although the boiler (20) has been installed, it is not put into operation. Thus, the heat transfer efficiency is reduced. risks such as falling flue gas temperatures, increased flue gas temperatures, and exceeding safety limits is being reduced. 35 The error detection system (10) makes decisions based on several factors instead of just an instantaneous speed value. It can evaluate the high rotational speed value together with the processor unit (30), the fan (21) 8 a measurement taken within a range where the control pulse width modulation is operated at a specific value It can calculate the average of multiple rotational speed values. It can also perform unusual operations. Evaluation of speed values ​​that appear to be affected by observed or temporary working conditions. It can be excluded. In this way, short-term fluctuations in fan (21) speed, Electrical noises or temporary changes in airflow can cause an inaccurate detection. 5 is being prevented. In the possible configuration, the fault detection system (10) includes a user interface (50). The mentioned user interface (50) is available on computers, tablets, mobile phones, etc. This could be a mobile application, a website, etc., through which access is gained. There are 10 of these. apart from the user interface (50), a screen located on the boiler (20), instrument panel, It can be an interface. The error signal can be transmitted to the user interface (50) and Missing or faulty routing element via user interface (50) Error information regarding positioning or incorrect assembly can be displayed. The user interface (50) also displays the reference pulse width modulation value, reference 15 rotational speed information, control rotational speed information, calculated deviation value, limiting deviation It can show the value and the result of the detection. In these respects, the user interface (50) is a service. It allows its personnel to review the information from the error detection system (10). The date on which the error occurred (50) in the user interface, the study in which the diagnostic process was performed Information such as memories and previous diagnostic records can also be displayed. 20 Here is a working principle corresponding to the fault detection system (10) described above. A fault detection method is also provided. In the mentioned method, the operation of the fan (21) The reference pulse width modulation value that determines the level is taken as the basis, and the fan (21) is operated at a control pulse width modulation value equivalent to this value. 25 The control rotational speed information reached by the fan (21) at this operating level is obtained and referenced. The control rotational speed information is compared with the reference rotational speed. According to the information, it is high enough to exceed the predetermined limit deviation value. in this case, the guiding element is missing, incorrectly positioned, or incorrectly installed. A fault signal is generated regarding the condition of the accident (20). The generated fault signal is 30 to stop, prevent ignition and / or interrupt fuel supply It is sent to the boiler control unit (23). The subject of the invention is the fault detection system (10) and method, pulse width modulation of the fan (21). It can be driven by the signal and information about the fan (21) rotation speed can be obtained from different boilers (20) 35 It can be applied in various types. Thanks to this structure, the lack of a guiding element is corrected, as well as errors. incorrect positioning or installation, additional flue gas temperature sensor, pressure sensor 9 or can be detected without using a gas sensor. Thus, the number of parts, This makes it possible to reduce the need for cabling and the complexity of installation. Furthermore... If the steering element is not mounted correctly, the operation of the boiler (20) stopping, preventing the ignition process and / or interrupting the fuel supply This results in a decrease in heat transfer efficiency, an increase in flue gas temperature, and unsafe conditions. Risks such as exceeding working limits are reduced. In this way, the invention benefits both production and... It facilitates assembly verification during service checks and also the faulty boiler (20). This prevents it from being put into operation under assembly conditions. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the claims attached hereto, and these detailed 10 The explanation cannot be limited to those given for illustrative purposes. Because a technically skilled person... the person, without deviating from the main theme of the invention, in light of what has been described above, similar It is clear that these structures can emerge. REFERENCE NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE FIGURE Error Detection System Kazan 5 21 Fan 22 Fan Controller 23 Boiler Control Unit Processor Unit 10 40 Memory Units 50 User Interfaces

Claims

11 REQUESTS 1. The invention involves a fan (21) to displace gas before or after the combustion chamber. where the flow is ensured and the flue gas resulting from combustion passes through at least one heat exchanger. In boilers where a fluid is heated by passing it through flue gas passages (20), the word 5 The subject is the provision for directing flue gas flow in flue gas passages. The absence, incorrect positioning, or malfunction of at least one guidance element. It is a method for determining the condition of the assembly; its characteristic is: - at least one provided to direct the flue gas flow in the heat exchanger 10 when the steering element is mounted in the correct position and completely. to be implemented, a fan (21) operating level adjustment Selecting the reference pulse width modulation (PWM) value, -fan controller (22), reference pulse width modulation of fan (21) When operated at its value, the rotational speed information of the fan (21) is obtained and this speed Determining the reference rotation speed, 15 -fan controller (22) at any time during the working life of the boiler (20) through the fan (21) a control equal to the reference pulse width modulation value The fan is activated by providing a start signal at the pulse width modulation value. from the controller (22) corresponding to this control pulse width modulation value A control speed information regarding how fast the fan (21) is spinning 20 taking, -Comparison of control rotation speed information with reference rotation speed information, -the control rotational speed information is obtained from the reference rotational speed information, between which there is a prior agreement. being so fast that the difference will be greater than a specified threshold deviation value In this case, directing the flue gas flow in the flue gas passages in question 25 The absence of at least one guidance element provided indicates an error. Generating an error signal regarding positioning or incorrect assembly, -the mentioned fault signal is the stopping of the operation of the boiler (20), ignition boiler control to prevent operation and / or interrupt fuel supply It includes the steps of sending it to the unit (23). 30 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized by its control pulse width modulation. the value of the operating signal, the first start-up, energization of the boiler (20), During commissioning or operation after maintenance, the fan (21) must be given It includes step 35. 12 3. It is a method according to claim 1 and its feature is that the control rotation speed information of the fan (21) in a measurement range where the control pulse width modulation is operated at a specific value the step of determining the average of multiple rotational speed values ​​obtained It includes.

4. The invention involves a fan (21) to displace gas before or after the combustion chamber. where the flow is ensured and the flue gas resulting from combustion passes through at least one heat exchanger. in a boiler in which a fluid is heated by passing it through flue gas passages (20) The subject is the provision for directing flue gas flow in flue gas passages. The absence, incorrect positioning, or faulty operation of at least one guidance element. a fault detection system (10) for determining the assembly status feature; - at least one provided to direct the flue gas flow in the heat exchanger provided that the steering element is mounted in the correct position and completely. By using the reference pulse width modulation value, the fan (21) 15 a reference pulse width via the fan controller (22) unit of the fan (21) it should be operated at the modulation value and the fan controller should respond to this value. (22) obtaining the reference speed information of the fan (21), -fan controller (22) at any time during the boiler's service life through the fan (21) a control equal to the reference pulse width modulation value 20 The operating signal is given at the pulse width modulation value and the fan from the controller (22) corresponding to this control pulse width modulation value a control rotation speed information about how fast the fan (21) is spinning taking, -Comparison of control rotation speed information with reference rotation speed information, 25 -the control rotational speed information is obtained from the reference rotational speed information, between which there is a prior agreement. being so fast that the difference will be greater than a specified threshold deviation value in this case, directing the flue gas flow in the flue gas passages in question The absence of at least one guidance element provided indicates an error. Generating an error signal regarding positioning or incorrect assembly, 30 -the mentioned fault signal is the stopping of the operation of the boiler (20), ignition boiler control to prevent operation and / or interrupt fuel supply It contains a processor unit (30) that enables sending to the unit (23).

5. According to claim 4, an error detection system (10) whose feature is; control rotation speed information, 35 a measurement in which the fan (21) is operated at the control pulse width modulation value 13 It is determined as the average of multiple rotational speed values ​​taken within a certain range. It includes the processor unit (30) which provides

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