PEROVSKIT / SILICON TANDEM HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD INTEGRATING SOLAR CELLS AND LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- TR · TR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KOCAELI UNIVERSITESI
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
Smart Images
Figure 00000018_0000
Abstract
Description
1 TARIFF PEROVSKIT / SILICON TANDEM SOLAR CELLS FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES. LITHIUM-AIR BATTERY INTEGRATED HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD The invention increases energy efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), thereby extending their flight time. To extend its lifespan, high-efficiency lithium-air batteries are used with high energy density batteries. perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, controlled by a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). It encompasses a hybrid energy system where components are integrated under a power management system. 10 The invention is particularly useful in operations such as defense industry, border security and long-term surveillance. The most fundamental technical problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in use is their limited flight duration. It offers an advanced hybrid energy system and method aimed at solving the problem of time constraints. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE In today's unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, particularly in reconnaissance, surveillance, and environmental monitoring... In missions requiring prolonged operations, the biggest limiting factor is the vehicles' ability to stay in the air. This is reflected in the duration of stay. In current applications, the energy needs of UAVs are significant. 20 This is largely met by lithium-ion (Li-ion) or lithium-polymer (Li-Po) batteries. Although these battery technologies offer high power density and a certain cycle life, They have a limited energy density relative to their weight (~150-250 Wh / kg). This situation makes UAVs directly limits the mission duration, and the use of a larger capacity battery would allow the vehicle to... Increasing its total mass negatively affects flight performance and maneuverability. This 25 To overcome this limitation, hybrid energy is achieved by integrating solar panels onto the UAV body surfaces. systems have been developed. However, the traditional monocrystalline or polycrystalline systems used in these systems... The conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells is limited (15-22%), especially in cloudy weather. In low light conditions, such as low sun angle or shading, this efficiency is significantly reduced. It is falling. In addition, these panels can maintain the aerodynamic structure and weight balance of the UAV without disrupting it. Integration without negatively impacting the system presents a significant design challenge. Panel integrations in current solutions are optimized to work in conjunction with the battery. Since it is not powered by a solar panel, the energy obtained from the panel can often directly sustain the flight. It is unable to reach the required level or is not being used effectively in battery charging. Therefore, the UAV's It will dramatically increase energy density without increasing overall weight and dimensions, and 35 2 An integrated systems approach that will make energy harvesting sustainable is lacking in the current technology. This is the most fundamental dilemma felt. The underlying technical problem behind these limitations in current technology is the high-performance capability of UAV platforms. The problem is that energy intensity and the need for uninterrupted energy supply cannot be met simultaneously. Lithium-5 While ion-based systems reach a physical bottleneck in terms of energy density, Solar-assisted solutions also suffer from inefficient energy harvesting and weight-energy balance. It is insufficient due to the inability to optimize it. In these systems, with the battery... photovoltaic (PV) panels provide real-time and energy-efficient switching between flight conditions and requirements. There is no effective hybrid control mechanism that offers adaptive energy management. This 10 The situation is particularly critical for micro and mini-class UAVs, where energy constraints are most critical, for extended periods. This results in the inability to carry out operations. Current technologies, solar... the principle of transferring energy collected from the panel to the battery at the point of maximum efficiency (MPPT) Although it is used, battery technology itself (Li-ion) constitutes the biggest bottleneck; also The structural and efficiency limitations of the PV cells used can improve the overall performance of the system. It is unable to provide sufficient acceleration. This invention addresses this multifaceted problem in current technology: energy. By combining the two most advanced technologies in energy storage and harvesting, we aim to overcome challenges. The system in question aims to theoretically be much more efficient than traditional batteries. lithium-air (Li-air) batteries with high energy density (potentially >500 Wh / kg) by integrating highly efficient (over 30%) perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, 20 A hybrid system that provides power continuity without altering the UAV's existing body structure and weight. This structure offers a dramatic increase in energy storage capacity. and with highly efficient solar cells, this capacity is continuously maintained during operation. This makes it possible to support the flow of energy between these two sources. An advanced power management system that manages power in the most optimized way and integrates with the flight controller. 25 It incorporates architecture. Thus, the invention represents the biggest challenge to current UAV technology. One of the obstacles, the problem of "limited flight time," is being overcome with a holistic and innovative approach. by eliminating them, taking the operational capabilities of autonomous aerial vehicles to the next level. It represents a technological advancement capable of carrying out such a project. Patent document number CN221316712U describes a solar-powered hydrogen power system. The text refers to an unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention incorporates a lithium battery, fuel cell, and solar power. It describes a UAV with a hybrid power system that combines energy production. The system achieves higher energy density by integrating these three different power sources, and implementing a control strategy for the rational distribution of electrical energy 35 This aims to make the system more environmentally friendly and increase its energy intensity. and is intended to be made suitable for long-haul flights. However, the aforementioned 3 In the system described in the document, a conventional lithium battery is used as the energy storage unit. It is currently in use and, unlike the present invention, is theoretically very similar to a lithium-air battery. A battery technology with higher energy density is not being used. Furthermore, solar... high-efficiency technology such as perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells for energy harvesting This is not the case, therefore energy collection efficiency and consequently overall system performance is 5 It lags behind current inventions. Patent document number CN214241224U describes a device that can be efficiently charged using solar energy. The discussion revolves around a long-lasting unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention consists of a UAV body and a solar panel. An orientation adjustment panel that allows you to achieve better lighting conditions by adjusting the angle of the panel. 10 It includes a mechanism. Thanks to this mechanism, the solar panel is positioned optimally according to the sun. By positioning it at an angle, more energy is collected and this energy is transferred to the lithium battery. The aim is to transfer energy. In the current invention, however, the solar panels are in a fixed position, and the energy is transferred. The increase in harvesting efficiency is not due to a mechanical angle adjustment, but directly to a much higher conversion rate. This is achieved by using perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells with high efficiency. 15 Furthermore, document CN214241224U describes a conventional lithium battery for energy storage. While in use, the current invention offers a much higher energy storage capacity with lithium-air batteries. It makes a fundamental difference by offering capacity. Patent document CN209553497U describes 20 new energy unmanned aerial vehicles. It is mentioned that the invention involves a primary solar panel on the upper surface of the UAV's body and arms. It describes a structure containing a second set of solar panels connected to it. Two of these are located inside the body. The lithium battery is charged using energy obtained from solar panels, managed by a balance protector. This system aims to increase energy harvesting by using multiple solar panels. Although it aims for a different battery density than the existing invention, the battery technology it uses still has an energy density of 25. It is a limited type of lithium-ion battery. The lithium-air battery forms the basis of the present invention. Thanks to its high energy density and superior efficiency, perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, This is not included in the system described in this document, and this situation affects the energy of the current invention. It stands out by far in terms of its durability and flight duration. Patent document CN103847970A describes an energy control system for a power-following hybrid power system. The method is discussed. The invention involves solar cells, fuel cells, and a UAV power system. It presents a control method for a hybrid system that combines lithium batteries. The method, Output characteristics, conversion efficiency, service life, and current status of each energy source. Taking into account factors such as these, the total output power should be 35 for flight and electronic equipment needs. It controls these resources in a way that ensures the system can meet the demand. This control strategy ensures the system's ability to meet the needs. Although it aims to optimize overall performance and flight time, unlike the current invention, 4 It is based on a conventional lithium battery as an energy storage unit. The present invention, It is not just a control method, but also a lithium-air and energy factor in battery technology. With its material-based improvements in harvesting technology using perovskite / silicon tandem, this By radically changing the physical system to which the control method will be applied, it creates a far superior system. It promises performance. 5 Patent document CN116353855A describes a multi-functional optical-electrical hybrid power system. The description refers to a fire-extinguishing unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention consists of a fuselage, a fixed... It describes a UAV with wings, a rotating tail, landing gear, and a payload box. (Future) It contains a controller, a lithium battery and a drive motor, and the arms, fuselage and tail are 10 Multiple solar cells are placed on their surfaces. The solar cells, lithium battery and motor, It is electrically connected to the controller. This system is especially suitable for fire extinguishing tasks. Although designed differently from the existing invention, it is still based on lithium battery technology. It is based on the lithium-air battery of the present invention, the battery used in this document. By offering significantly higher energy density compared to other UAVs of the same weight, it provides 15 times more energy efficiency. to stay airborne for a longer period or to carry more payload for the same mission duration It makes it possible. Patent document CN116461730A describes a mountain exploration station powered by a dual energy source. The text refers to a winged unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention involves thin 20-layer coating applied to the main wing surfaces. The film describes a UAV powered by solar panels and a lithium-polymer battery. When there is good sunlight, solar panels act as the main power source, while when the weather is bad... In case of malfunction, the lithium-polymer battery kicks in. The system has a multi-rotor structure. Instead, it aims to reduce energy consumption by using fixed wings. The current invention, however, focuses on power. Instead of a passive approach that changes its source selection according to weather conditions, lithium-air 25 Thanks to the high capacity of its battery and the high efficiency of perovskite / silicon tandem cells, It offers an active and uninterrupted energy flow under all conditions. Furthermore, thin-film solar panels... Its efficiency is considerably lower than that of the tandem cells used in the present invention. Patent document CN106026344A describes a solar-powered charging system for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The system in question is described. The invention consists of a lithium battery, a smart controller, a solar panel, and a It describes a system that includes a photovoltaic controller and a voltage regulator. From the solar panel... The generated energy is transmitted to the smart controller via the photovoltaic controller and regulator, and Here, it is used for charging a lithium battery. This system is a basic solar battery. While describing the charging mechanism, unlike the current invention, neither lithium-35 battery technology is used. Neither in the air nor in solar cell technology is there any innovation in perovskite / silicon tandem. It does not include this. The present invention combines this basic charging logic with the latest advances in materials science. By combining them, the system achieves a groundbreaking improvement in energy density and efficiency. Patent document number CN110254737A describes the integration of a multi-functional unmanned aerial vehicle. The management platform and its control method are discussed. The invention is a UAV landing platform 5 and describes a ground station system including a main control unit. The landing platform, from one It has a foldable structure to accommodate multiple UAVs, and the platform is solar-powered. It features a wireless charging system powered by solar panels and a lithium battery. This system, The focus is on charging UAVs while they are parked on the ground, and the current invention... It is not intended to involve energy harvesting and management in mid-flight as planned. The present invention, 10 Thanks to the advanced hybrid system that the UAV carries on board, it generates energy during flight. by ensuring continuity, reducing dependence on ground stations and increasing operational range. It increases dramatically. Patent document number CN206685958U describes a twin-propeller solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention refers to an energy supply system for a solar panel array, MPPT. a power supply system that includes controllers, lithium-sulfur battery packs and an energy monitoring system. It describes the system. Solar panels use lithium-sulfur via MPPT controllers. charging batteries and the energy monitoring system distributes power via relays. It manages. Lithium-sulfur batteries have higher energy output than lithium-ion batteries. Despite offering high density, the lithium-air batteries used in the present invention are theoretically... It has a much higher energy density potential. Furthermore, this document discusses the sun. The panel technology is not specified, but the present invention refers to perovskite / silicon tandem cells. Its superior efficiency makes a significant difference in terms of energy harvesting. Patent document CN109888147A describes a cold-resistant and heat-insulating lithium iron. The invention describes a method for producing phosphate battery packs, particularly at low temperatures. Lithium iron phosphate batteries that experience malfunctions at very low temperatures, such as -30 degrees Celsius. It describes a production method that enables operation even at high temperatures. This method, 30 It aims to utilize lithium-air technology directly as battery chemistry. by using a much higher energy density, as described in this document The method uses lithium iron phosphate, a different chemistry than the battery type used in the present invention. It is geared towards batteries. The battery technology of the present invention, in terms of energy density, is lithium. It is already far more advanced than iron phosphate batteries. 35 6 Patent document CN204368418U describes a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle with a dual power system. The aircraft in question consists of a main fuselage, rotating wing arms, a solar panel, and a charging system. a UAV that includes a rechargeable battery, a lithium battery power supply, and a main control system It explains that within the main control system, two power sources are connected via contactors and relays. There is a power supply switching circuit that ensures a safe transition between them. This circuit, 5 Preventing transient voltage drops and low voltage situations, thus ensuring equipment operation. This system ensures energy supply by switching between two different power sources. Although it provides management, unlike the current invention, it does not involve active power sharing between power sources. and uses a simple switching logic instead of management. In the present invention, however, lithium- air battery and perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, an MPPT and specially programmed 10 By working continuously and in a coordinated manner with the flight controller, switching-related issues It eliminates power outages and provides a much more efficient energy continuity. Studies have shown that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are particularly useful in reconnaissance, surveillance, and border control. The most basic technical aspects encountered in tasks requiring long-term operations, such as security, are 15. The problem appears to be the limited flight time. Current technologies require energy... This is mainly met by lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries, and these batteries When the energy density (~150-250 W / kg) reaches physical limits, it directly affects the flight time. This is a limitation. In solar-powered hybrid systems developed to overcome this limitation However, the conversion of traditional monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon solar cells used is 20 The low efficiency, and the fact that this efficiency decreases even further, especially in low light conditions, reduces energy consumption. This makes the harvest insufficient. In some systems, the angle of the solar panels is mechanically adjusted. Although solutions such as adjustment have been suggested, these approaches introduce additional mechanical components and weight. It does not solve the fundamental efficiency problem. Furthermore, alternative energy sources such as lithium-sulfur batteries... Although systems using storage units exist, their energy density is theoretically 25. It lags considerably behind lithium-air batteries. On the other hand, fuel cells and solar power... In hybrid solutions that combine energy, additional factors such as system complexity and hydrogen storage are considered. There are challenges. A common deficiency in current solutions is energy storage and energy harvesting. The inability to advance its technologies simultaneously and synergistically, and therefore the UAV A dramatic increase in energy density while maintaining current fuselage dimensions and weight. 30 The problem is its inability to provide it. This invention aims to eliminate these technical problems by providing ultra-high performance. High energy density lithium-air batteries with superior conversion efficiency. It combines perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells in a hybrid structure on the same platform. In the system, solar cells are connected via a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) circuit. The energy continuously collected at the highest efficiency is transferred to the lithium-air battery, and these two sources 35 The flow of energy between them, a power distribution board (PDB) and a specially programmed flight It is managed in real-time and adaptively with its controller. This allows the existing UAV body to be controlled in this way. 7 both energy storage capacity and energy harvesting without increasing dimensions and total mass Efficiency is increased synergistically, resulting in a dramatic improvement in flight time. This ensures uninterrupted and stable flight performance and long-term stability. A critical technical advancement for operations is being presented. Ultimately, the problems mentioned above, which cannot be solved with the current technology, are related to the technical aspects. This has made it necessary to make an innovation in the field. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a 10 developed to eliminate the technical shortcomings mentioned above. Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells and lithium-air batteries for unmanned aerial vehicles. It relates to integrated hybrid energy systems and methods. The main purpose of the invention is to improve the existing lithium-ion / polymer used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). low energy density of batteries and limited conversion efficiency of conventional solar panels 15 The aim is to overcome the problem of limited flight time caused by this. In this way, Ultra-high energy density lithium-air batteries with superior conversion efficiency. Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells integrated in a hybrid structure on the same platform. By doing this, the energy density of the UAV is increased without increasing its current body dimensions and overall mass. Power supply is dramatically increased and uninterrupted energy continuity is ensured. 20 Another aim of the invention is to create a system that can achieve maximum efficiency in solar energy harvesting. Perovskite / silicon tandem solar via maximum power point tracker (MPPT) circuit. continuously collecting the energy obtained from the cells at the highest efficiency point The aim is to provide this. Thanks to this, even in low light conditions, it provides a much higher efficiency compared to traditional solar panels. A higher energy harvest is obtained, and this energy is efficiently transferred to a lithium-air battery. By transferring energy in this way, the overall energy efficiency of the system is optimized. Another aim of the invention is to leverage the superior energy storage capacity of the lithium-air battery. The 30 differences between the superior energy harvesting capabilities of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells synchronization, a power distribution board (PDB), and a specially programmed flight The goal is to provide real-time and adaptive energy management by coordinating with the controller. In this way, two sources can be used to adapt to changing energy needs and environmental conditions during flight. The energy flow between them is dynamically balanced, ensuring the system functions even during sudden power demands. By maintaining stability, uninterrupted and safe flight performance is achieved. 35 8 Another purpose of the invention is for the defense industry, border security, critical infrastructure monitoring, and environmental applications. used in civilian and military applications requiring long-term operations such as surveillance. The goal is to dramatically expand the mission capability and operational range of UAVs. This eliminates the need for frequent battery changes or returns to charging stations. Continuous surveillance and reconnaissance activities become possible, and logistical dependency is reduced. 5 Operational efficiency is being increased. Another aim of the invention is that it can be integrated into existing UAV platforms with minimal modifications. The aim is to offer a compact and lightweight hybrid energy system. The high energy of lithium-air batteries... Thanks to its density, more energy can be stored in smaller physical dimensions, 10 The thin-film structure of perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells does not disrupt the aerodynamic structure. It can be easily integrated into UAV surfaces, thus making a radical change to existing designs. Superior performance is achieved without the need for any modifications. Another aim of the invention is to create applications in the aviation and energy sectors, particularly in autonomous aircraft and 15 In the field of long-range surveillance systems, an innovative approach to existing energy management protocols. By offering alternatives, it contributes to the development of advanced technology applications. Lithium-air two promising advanced technologies such as batteries and perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells synergistic integration is leading the way in research and development efforts in these areas, and This paves the way for higher-performance, sustainable energy solutions. 20 Another aim of the invention is to address the critical role of energy constraints, particularly in micro and mini-class UAVs. It offers a solution that can be implemented even on larger platforms. Its compact structure and high energy efficiency... Thanks to its density, it can last long even on these platforms where size and weight restrictions are the strictest. By enabling sustained flights, it has become possible to achieve mission profiles that were previously unattainable. It provides an opportunity. All the purposes mentioned above and those that will emerge from the detailed explanation below. The present invention aims to realize a lithium-air battery used in unmanned aerial vehicles. and a hybrid energy system based on perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell integration and 30 It is related to the method. The system in question is the long-term application of the energy system that is the subject of the invention. Used in operations requiring prolonged flight time, and consisting of a fuselage and multiple propellers. possessing at least one unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), on the aforementioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), preferably integrated into the fuselage surface and / or winglets in a way that preserves the aerodynamic structure. at least one perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell with high conversion efficiency, 35 The aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell is electrically connected to the sun. by continuously collecting the energy obtained from radiation at the highest efficiency point of the system 9 At least one maximum power point tracer (MPPT) that optimizes its efficiency, The aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is electrically connected and conventional Chemical-based batteries with a much higher theoretical energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries. At least one lithium-air battery that stores energy as electrical energy, the aforementioned lithium- 5 via air battery and the aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT) It takes energy from the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell and converts this energy into energy for the system. at least one power that directs it to distribute it safely and evenly to its other components distribution board (PDB), integrated circuit connected to the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB). It combines data received from its sensors with control signals from a remote control receiver. 10 that ensures flight stability by processing and optimizes engine power according to energy status. at least one flight controller programmed in this way, receiving signals from the aforementioned flight controller at least one electronic speed controller that processes commands and transmits power to the motors at the appropriate voltage and frequency. The electronic control unit (ESC) receives electricity from the aforementioned electronic speed controller (ESC). generating thrust by converting its energy into rotational motion, clockwise and counterclockwise. Multiple motors configured to rotate and 15 connected to the aforementioned flight controller. It detects PWM signals coming via radio frequency and interprets them according to user commands. It includes a remote control receiver (R / C Receiver) that transmits the aforementioned information to the flight controller. The invention also includes perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells for unmanned aerial vehicles and This also includes a hybrid energy method integrated with a lithium-air battery, and the method is described below in 20 The process includes the following steps: • Photovoltaic effect from solar radiation falling on a perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell. Direct current (DC) electrical energy is produced. •Electricity generated by the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell. The system's energy is continuously monitored via a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), and the system's 25 at voltage and current values that will achieve the highest efficiency under instantaneous operating conditions It is made to work. •Solar power obtained by optimizing via the aforementioned maximum power point tracker (MPPT). energy is primarily used to charge the lithium-air battery via the power distribution board (PDB). They are directed to do so. 30 •Simultaneously, the instantaneous charging of the lithium-air battery mentioned by the flight controller. The state of charge (SoC) and the total power requirement of the system are continuously monitored. •The flight controller in question monitors the charge status of the aforementioned lithium-air battery and The energy from the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell depends on the instantaneous power demand. transferring it to a direct drive system or directing it to the aforementioned lithium-air battery Dynamic energy management is implemented via the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB). •The chemical energy stored in the aforementioned lithium-air battery is released when required for flight, especially in situations where solar energy is insufficient or during sudden power demands, electricity It is converted into energy and supplied to the system via the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB). 5 •By the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB), the aforementioned lithium-air battery and / or the energy mentioned from perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells, the flight mentioned all electrical components in the system, including the controller and electronic speed control device (ESC). It is distributed safely and evenly among the components. •User commands received via the remote control receiver (R / C Receiver) or autonomous 10 In accordance with the flight mission plan, the rotation of the engines was ordered by the aforementioned flight controller. The necessary speed control signals are generated to control their speeds, and the aforementioned electronic speed The signal is transmitted to the electronic control unit (ESC). •The aforementioned electronic speed control device (ESC) comes from the aforementioned flight controller. By processing the signals, it adjusts the voltage and frequency to be applied to the motors in question, thus 15 The motors are made to rotate at the desired speed. •The aforementioned motors are configured to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise. The thrust it provides enables the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to stay airborne, move, and control its direction. It is provided. •All this energy flow and flight control processes are managed by the aforementioned flight controller, battery 20 By continuously analyzing the charge status, the instantaneous amount of power received from the sun, and the flight dynamics, The system is coordinated to ensure it operates at maximum efficiency and without interruption. The best way to utilize the advantages of the existing invention, together with its structure and additional elements. For it to be understood, it must be considered together with the figures explained below. 25 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1: Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells and lithium-air components for unmanned aerial vehicles. This is a schematic view of a hybrid energy system with an integrated battery. REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 - Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 11 - Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell 11 12 - Lithium-air battery 13 - Power Distribution Board (PDB) 14 - Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) - Flight controller 16 - Remote control receiver (R / C Receiver) 5 17 - Electronic speed control device (ESC) 18 - Engine DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This detailed explanation describes the innovation in the invention solely for the purpose of better understanding the subject. This is conveyed without being limited to examples. Accordingly, in the following explanations and figures, Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells (11) and lithium-air for unmanned aerial vehicles (1) The hybrid energy system and method with integrated battery (12) are explained. Figure 1, the subject of the invention Perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (1) 15 (11) and is a schematic view of a hybrid energy system with integrated lithium-air battery (12). According to the system: • The energy system described in this invention is applied in applications requiring long periods of flight. at least one unmanned aerial vehicle used in operations, having a fuselage and multiple propellers. vehicle (UAV) (1), • On the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (1), preferably on the fuselage surface and / or integrated into the winglets in a way that maintains the aerodynamic structure, with high conversion efficiency. having at least one perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11), • The chemical energy converted into electrical energy is located on the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (1). storing and theoretically producing much higher energy compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. at least one lithium-air battery with density (12), • The perovskite / silicon located on the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (1) electrically with tandem solar cell (11) and the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12). connected, the energy from these components is safely and equitably distributed to other components of the system. 30 at least one power distribution board (PDB) (13) that directs the distribution in this way, • The aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) and the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) electrically located between, energy obtained from solar radiation 12 by continuously accelerating to the highest efficiency point, optimizing the system's efficiency at least a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) (14), • Data received from its integrated sensors connected to the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) by processing the control signals from a remote control receiver (16) to improve flight stability 5 which provides and is programmed to optimize the motor (18) power according to the energy status. at least one flight controller (15), • PWM coming via radio frequency, connected to the mentioned flight controller (15) by detecting the signals, it transmits the user commands to the aforementioned flight controller (15). a remote control receiver (R / C Receiver) (16), • Connected to the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) and the aforementioned flight controller (15), 10 by processing the commands from the mentioned flight controller (15) to the motors (18) with the appropriate voltage and at least one electronic speed controller (ESC) (17) that transmits power at the frequency and • Connected to the mentioned electronic speed control device (ESC) (17), it receives electrical energy providing thrust by converting the motion into rotational motion, rotating in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. multiple configured motors (18) 15 It includes. Lithium-ion / polymer batteries used in current applications have a low energy density and Traditional solar panels integrated into the UAV body have low conversion efficiency and weight. Its inability to optimize energy balance is the biggest obstacle for long-term missions. This invention solves the aforementioned technical problem by considering the existing UAV body dimensions and total without increasing its mass, lithium-air batteries (12) and perovskite / silicon tandem solar cells (11) solves the problem by combining them in a hybrid structure on the same platform. In the system, solar cells The energy obtained is continuously transmitted through a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) (14) circuit. It is collected at the highest efficiency and transferred to the lithium-air battery (12). Lithium-air 25 with superior energy storage capacity of its battery (12) and high-efficiency tandem solar cells superior energy harvesting capability, a power distribution board (PDB) and a specially programmed one It is coordinated with the flight controller (15). Thanks to this synergistic integration, the invention has an additional weight. By ensuring the UAV's power continuity without delivering a payload, it can perform tasks such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. A critical technique for uninterrupted and stable flight performance in long-term operations. 30 It offers progress. The subject of the invention is a perovskite / silicon tandem solar developed for unmanned aerial vehicles (1). Hybrid energy system with integrated cells (11) and lithium-air battery (12) of the unmanned aerial vehicle 13 (UAV) (1) designed to meet the need for uninterrupted energy in long-term operations It is a smart system of solar energy harvesting and high-density energy storage that operates on the principle of efficient operation. It is based on integration with a control mechanism. The system uses a perovskite / silicon tandem. The solar radiation falling on the solar cell (11) produces direct current electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is initiated by converting it into energy, and the energy produced here is tracked by the maximum power point tracer 5. The system is continuously monitored by (MPPT) (14) to maximize the instantaneous operating conditions of the system. It is ensured that it operates at the voltage and current values at which it will achieve the required efficiency. The mentioned maximum power Solar energy received by optimizing via point tracker (MPPT) (14) power distribution to charge the lithium-air battery (12) primarily via the PDB (13) while being guided, the lithium-air 10 mentioned by the flight controller (15) is simultaneously The instantaneous charge status of the battery (12) and the total power requirement of the system are continuously monitored. The charging of the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) by the mentioned flight controller (15). depending on the situation and instantaneous power demand, the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) transfer of incoming energy directly to the propulsion system or the aforementioned lithium-air 15 through the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) (13) to direct to the battery (12). Dynamic energy management is implemented. Stored in the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) Chemical energy is used when flight requires it, especially when solar energy is insufficient. In situations or during sudden power demands, the aforementioned power distribution is carried out by converting it into electrical energy. Power is supplied to the system via the power distribution board (PDB) (13) and the aforementioned power distribution board (PDB) by (13) the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) and / or the aforementioned perovskite / silicon 20 Energy from tandem solar cell (11) source, the aforementioned flight controller (15) and electronic speed Safe and safe for all electrical components in the system including the control device (ESC) (17) It is distributed evenly. Received via the remote control receiver (R / C Receiver) (16) In accordance with user commands or the autonomous flight mission plan, the aforementioned flight controller (15) the necessary speed control signals to control the rotational speeds of the motors (18) 25 is produced and transmitted to the aforementioned electronic speed controller (ESC) (17); the aforementioned electronic speed The control device (ESC) (17) processes the signals coming from the mentioned flight controller (15) adjusts the voltage and frequency to be applied to the motors (18) mentioned, and thus the motors (18) It is made to rotate at the desired speed. It can be configured to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise. With the thrust provided by the mentioned engines (18), the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle has 30 While the flight, movement and direction control of the (UAV) (1) are ensured, the mentioned flight controller (15) All these energy flow and flight control processes, battery charge status, solar The instantaneous power input and flight dynamics are continuously analyzed to ensure the system operates at peak efficiency. and are coordinated to ensure uninterrupted operation. This invention represents a 35% improvement in energy conversion and storage technologies in existing UAV systems. The improvements made to the materials demonstrate that long-duration flight may be possible. Integration of hybrid PV-Li-air structures, autonomous aerial vehicles, long-range surveillance systems. 14 and has the potential to be a revolutionary solution in high-altitude platforms. The electrical energy produced by the solar panels in the system is the maximum power point tracker (14) This ensures that the system is continuously maintained at its highest efficiency point, and additional energy is supplied to the battery. Thus, the battery chemically stores energy at a constant rate when the system needs it. It transfers the voltage to the circuit. The total energy from the battery and solar panels is transferred to the power distribution circuit. The energy is routed to the rest of the system via the control panel (13). This panel distributes the energy evenly. by distributing the system between the electronic speed controller (17) and the flight controller (15) This controller ensures that all its modules are powered securely. It uses its integrated sensors... (gyroscope, accelerometer etc.) receives data and PWM from the remote control receiver (16) By processing the control signals, they transmit the necessary commands to the ESCs. The ESCs transmit these signals to the motors (18) 10 It converts to the appropriate voltage and frequency. Thus, C – CW (Clockwise) and CCW (Counter) The motors (18) rotating in clockwise directions work synchronously to ensure the stability of the drone. It provides. Thanks to the coordinated work of all these elements, the system utilizes both solar energy and It offers uninterrupted and stable flight performance by using battery power efficiently.
Claims
REQUESTS 1. To increase energy efficiency in aircraft and thus extend their flight time. It is a hybrid energy system that has been developed, and its feature is; - Used in operations requiring sustained flight, and consisting of a single fuselage and multiple aircraft. at least one unmanned aerial vehicle with a propeller (1), 5 - On the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (1), at least a high conversion efficiency is required. a perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11), - The chemical energy converted into electricity located on the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (1) which stores energy and has a higher energy output compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. At least one lithium-air battery with theoretical energy density (12), 10 - The perovskite / silicon located on the mentioned unmanned aerial vehicle (1) electrical tandem solar cell (11) and the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) connected in this way, transferring energy from these components to other components of the system. at least one power distribution system that directs the distribution to be carried out safely and evenly. panel (13), 15 The aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) and the aforementioned power distribution electrically located between the panel (13) and obtained from solar radiation by continuously collecting energy at the highest efficiency point, thus improving the system's efficiency. At least one maximum power point tracker that optimizes (14), Connected to the aforementioned power distribution board (13), it receives 20 from its integrated sensors by processing the data and control signals from a remote control receiver (16) Optimizing the engine (18) power according to the energy status, which ensures flight stability. at least one flight controller programmed to do so (15), - PWM coming via radio frequency, connected to the mentioned flight controller (15) by detecting the signals, it sends the user commands to the mentioned flight controller (15) 25 transmitting remote control receiver (16), - Connected to the aforementioned power distribution board (13) and the aforementioned flight controller (15) processing the commands from the mentioned flight controller (15) and sending them to the motors (18) at least one electronic speed controller (17) that transmits power at a suitable voltage and frequency and Connected to the mentioned electronic speed control device (17), it receives electrical energy 30 providing thrust by converting the motion into a rotational motion, clockwise and counterclockwise. multiple motors configured to rotate (18) It is characterized by its inclusion. 16 2. The system complies with Claim 1 and its characteristic is; the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar system. (11) of the cell will protect the aerodynamic structure on the fuselage surface and / or winglets It is a cell that is integrated in this way.
3. To increase energy efficiency in aircraft and extend their flight time. 5 It is a hybrid energy method that has been developed, and its characteristic feature is; - From the solar radiation falling on the perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) Generating direct current (DC) electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. - Electricity produced by the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) its energy is continuously monitored by means of the maximum power point tracker (14) 10 voltage and current at which the system will achieve maximum efficiency under instantaneous operating conditions ensuring that it operates within its values, - Obtained by optimizing via the mentioned maximum power point tracker (14) solar energy, primarily lithium-air via power distribution board (13). 15 - Simultaneously, the lithium-air mentioned by the flight controller (15) the instantaneous charge status of the battery (12) and the total power requirement of the system are constantly monitored. monitoring, - The aforementioned flight controller (15) controls the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) perovskite / silicon tandem 20 according to charge status and instantaneous power demand Transferring the energy from the solar cell (11) directly to the drive system or The mentioned power distribution is directed to the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12). Dynamic energy management is implemented via panel (13), - The chemical energy stored in the aforementioned lithium-air battery (12) during flight when needed, especially when solar energy is insufficient or sudden 25 In power demands, the aforementioned power distribution board converts the energy into electrical energy. (13) Submission to the system via - The aforementioned lithium-air battery is powered by the mentioned power distribution board (13). (12) and / or the aforementioned perovskite / silicon tandem solar cell (11) origin energy, including the mentioned flight controller (15) and electronic speed controller (17) 30 ensuring a safe and stable supply to all electrical components in the system. distribution, - User commands received via remote control receiver (16) or autonomous flight In accordance with the mission plan, the engines were controlled by the aforementioned flight controller (15). (18) generating the necessary speed control signals to control the turning speeds and 35 transmitting to the mentioned electronic speed control device (17), 17 - By the mentioned electronic speed controller (17), the mentioned flight The signals from the controller (15) are processed and sent to the mentioned motors (18) Adjusting the voltage and frequency to be applied and thus the motors (18) to the desired ensuring that it rotates at speed, - Configured to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise 5 With the thrust provided by the mentioned engines (18), the unmanned aerial vehicle (1) is in the air. ensuring its position, progress and direction control and All energy flow and flight control are controlled by the mentioned flight controller (15). processes, battery charge status, instantaneous power amount from the sun and flight By continuously analyzing the dynamics, the system operates at maximum efficiency and without interruption. 10 coordinated in a way that will ensure its operation It is characterized by including the process steps.