PASSIVE MECHANICAL FORCE LIMITATION AND TEXTURED PRESSURE FEEDBACK SURGICAL RETRACTOR

Abstract

The invention relates to a surgical retractor with passive mechanical force limitation and tissue pressure feedback that enables controlled retraction of surgical tissues during open surgical procedures. The invention features a structure that senses the retraction force applied to the tissue entirely through mechanical principles, evaluates this force through a multi-stage mechanical force evaluation mechanism, and generates mechanical feedback if a predetermined force threshold is exceeded. Furthermore, in the event of excessive force, the invention activates a passive force limitation mechanism, reducing the retraction force in a controlled manner and thus minimizing the risk of crushing, circulatory disturbance, and necrosis of the tissue.A surgical retractor is offered that is suitable for sterilization processes, reliable, requires low maintenance, has a long lifespan, and is adaptable to different surgical applications, thanks to its completely mechanical operating principle that does not require electronic sensors, microprocessors, software, or external power sources.

Description

1 TARIFF 5 PASSIVE MECHANICAL FORCE LIMITATION AND TEXTURED PRESSURE FEEDBACK SURGICAL RETRACTOR Technological Field: The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices and surgical instruments, more specifically to the open field. 10 retractors are used to create a surgical field of view during surgical procedures. It is related. The invention describes traction, separation, and retraction applied to tissue during surgical procedures. perceiving forces entirely through mechanical principles, perceiving those forces in a very evaluating through a stepped mechanical force conversion mechanism, When the predetermined threshold force value is reached, the surgeon is directly given mechanical feedback. 15 provides notification and passively reduces force in case of excessive force application. It refers to a surgical retractor that prevents tissue damage by limiting the flow of tissue. The mechanism developed within the scope of the invention can be connected to any electrical energy source, no need for electronic sensors, software, microprocessors, or digital imaging systems It operates entirely through mechanical elements without any sensory input. In this respect, the invention; 20 mechanical force sensing, mechanical force conversion, overload limiting and passive mechanical feedback technologies within a single surgical handpiece It integrates. The invention applies to general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, and thoracic surgery. surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, urology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, pediatrics 25 surgery, especially veterinary surgery, and all procedures requiring tissue retraction. It is suitable for use in surgical procedures. The invention mechanically modifies the applied force in addition to the classic retraction function. perception, evaluation, limitation, and feedback to the user. Integrated surgical safety 30 that performs the transmission within the same mechanical structure It is a system. State of the Art: Creating a working area and making anatomical structures visible during surgical operations. Different types of manual and self-retaining products are used to achieve this. Retractors are used. These retractors hold tissues or organs together for a specific period of time. 35 By retracting it, it ensures that the surgical procedure can be performed safely. 2 The vast majority of current retractors only perform the function of mechanical retraction. 5 It brings about the magnitude of the tensile or compressive force applied to the tissue. It does not have any structure that can measure or evaluate. Therefore The force applied depends entirely on the surgeon's experience, dexterity, and individual skills. It is determined based on the assessment. Especially in lengthy surgical procedures or performed in narrow anatomical areas, 10 Tissue crushing due to high retraction forces that go unnoticed during operations, Impaired capillary circulation, nerve compression, muscle ischemia, tissue necrosis, and surgery. Functional losses may occur afterwards. In addition, excessive force its application may disrupt tissue integrity during the operation and impair healing. This can cause the process to be prolonged. 15 Electronic force is used in some systems to address these problems. sensors, load cells, piezoelectric sensors, digital displays, and microprocessors Measurement systems based on electrical energy are used. However, these solutions require electrical energy. their ability to hear, the presence of electronic components, and the fact that they complicate sterilization processes, They increase production and maintenance costs, and the risk of cabling and electronic failures. Because of the formations they create, they are not always preferred in surgical procedures. On the other hand, existing mechanical retractors can detect when excessive force occurs. directly stimulating the surgeon mechanically, passively limiting the force level, or an integrated mechanical safety mechanism that prevents overloading It is not present. Therefore, the retraction force applied during the surgical procedure is 25. It remains constantly subject to user control. Used in current systems. Electronic sensor-based solutions mostly only perform measurements, and the measured object... mechanically limiting the force or without requiring user intervention It does not include a mechanism that provides passive security. For these reasons, it operates without needing any electrical energy source, 30 capable of sensing the applied retraction force entirely through mechanical principles, the force capable of assessing its level through a multi-stage mechanical device, in advance providing direct mechanical feedback to the surgeon when a defined threshold force is reached and in the event of excessive force, it passively limits the force, thus preventing tissue damage. A new surgical retractor is needed to prevent him from seeing. 35 The purpose of the invention: 3 The primary purpose of the invention is to apply 5 to tissue during open surgical procedures. a device that detects the retraction force entirely through mechanical principles, and that perceives this force very evaluating through a stepped mechanical force conversion mechanism, When a predetermined threshold force value is reached, mechanical feedback is directly given to the surgeon. It provides notification and passively releases the force in case of excessive force. The goal is to provide an improved surgical retractor that prevents tissue damage by limiting the risk. 10 Another purpose of the invention is to integrate electronic sensors, microprocessors, software, batteries, and other components. Fully mechanical, without the use of cabling or external display units. a reliable force sensing and feedback mechanism consisting of elements to create. Another aim of the invention is to create 15 different tissue types that can be applied to different surgical specialties. By enabling mechanical adjustment of the force threshold values, the same retractor can be used in many different ways. This allows it to be used in numerous surgical procedures. Another purpose of the invention is to dampen sudden increases in force, when overload occurs. Thanks to the passive mechanical safety mechanism that is activated in a controlled manner, the tissue The goal is to reduce the risk of crushing, circulatory problems, nerve compression, ischemia, and tissue necrosis. 20 Another purpose of the invention is to adjust the level of applied force within the surgeon's field of vision. directly without changing, interrupting the flow of operations, or requiring additional equipment. This involves notifying the user via mechanical cues that can be felt or seen through the handle. Another purpose of the invention is to create a mechanical memory mechanism when excessive force occurs. by ensuring the alert status is maintained, even if the force returns to normal 25 The aim is to allow the surgeon to recognize any excessive stress that may be occurring. Another purpose of the invention is to facilitate maintenance, sterilization, and parts thanks to its modular mechanical structure. A durable, reliable, and manufacturable surgical retractor that facilitates easy replacement. Another aim of the invention is to improve surgical teams' ability to perceive different forces. Standardized and repeatable retraction, regardless of habits 30 The goal is to ensure that force is applied. Another aim of the invention is to change the usage habits of existing surgical retractors. can be implemented without modification, maintaining its ergonomic structure and without additional electronic equipment. The goal is to offer a safe retraction system that does not require additional tools. Explanation of Figures 35 4 Figure 1: The invention is a passive mechanical force-limiting and textured pressure feedback device. This is a general perspective view of a surgical retractor. In this image, the retractor body and handle are shown. The retraction arms, tissue contact tip, and external body components are shown. Figure 2: Mechanical force sensing and force conversion mechanism of the invention. This is a longitudinal section view. In this way, an elastic deformation beam and a force transmission system are shown. differential force converter, spring group, cam mechanism and mechanical memory 10 The working relationship of the mechanism is shown. Figure 3: Mechanism when applying normal retraction force during surgical procedure. This is a schematic view showing the working condition. It illustrates the force's contact with the tissue. Mechanical feedback via force transmission elements, starting from the tip. The system was activated, but warning 15 was issued because the threshold force value was not reached. The mechanism is shown to remain in a passive state. Figure 4: Passive overload that activates when a predetermined force threshold is exceeded. This is the appearance of the protection mechanism. In this way, the mechanical memory latch is activated. its entry, along with the creation of visual and tactile mechanical feedback, passive overload The controlled limitation of force by the load clamping mechanism is demonstrated. 20 Figure 5: Resetting, calibrating, and preparing for reuse of the invention. This is the appearance of the mechanism. In this way, the reset system, the force threshold adjustment mechanism, Calibration module, protective housing and detachable modular connection for maintenance purposes. The elements are shown. References: 25 1. Retractor housing 2. Handle 3. First retraction arm 4. Second retraction arm 5. Tissue contact tip 30 6. Power transmission arm 7. Elastic deformation beam 8. Primary power transmission plate 9. Secondary power transmission plate 10. Force balancing joint 35 11. Differential force transducer 12-stage spring group 13. Pre-tension spring 5 14. Spring preload adjustment screw 15. Force threshold adjustment ring 16. Mechanical cam disc 17. Cam tracking pin 18. Force magnification arm 10 19. Mechanical trigger pin 20. Mechanical memory latch 21. Memory lock spring 22. Indicator slider 23. Visual warning window 15 24. Mechanical vibration pin 25. Vibration spring 26. Passive overload clutch 27. Torque limiting disc 28. Friction pad 20 29. Shock absorber disc 30. Elastomer shock absorber 31. Return spring 32. Force reset button 33. Reset lever 25 34. Locking latch 35. Safety stopper 36. Movement guide 37. Support bed 38. Friction-reducing bushing 30 39. Power transmission shaft 40. Protective enclosure 41. Sterilization sealing gasket 42. Modular connection cover 43. Calibration module 35 Description of the Invention: 6 The invention describes the controlled separation and retention of tissues during open surgical procedures. retraction force applied to tissue, used for the purpose of pulling or withdrawing it sensing the force in question through purely mechanical principles, a multi-stage mechanical process. Evaluating via a force conversion mechanism, a predetermined threshold force When this value is reached, it provides mechanical feedback to the surgeon and excessive force is avoided. a surgical retractor that prevents tissue damage by passively limiting force in this situation 10 It is related. The surgical retractor that is the subject of the invention consists of a retractor body (1), to which the said body is attached a attached holding handle (2), retraction movement during surgical procedure The first retraction arm (3), the second retraction arm (4) and which enable its implementation It consists of a tissue contact end (5) that is in direct contact with the tissue. The retractor body (1), 15 Designed with a rigid structure to provide mechanical strength during surgical use. It also has internal force sensing, force conversion, and feedback mechanisms. The main support structure houses the notification, overload limiting, reset, and calibration elements. It is fulfilling its duty. The handle (2) allows the surgeon to hold the retractor securely and ergonomically during the operation. It is designed to enable grasping. The handle (2) has only a gripping function. not seeing, but also the mechanical feedback elements of the invention to the surgeon It functions as a functional transmission region where data can be directly transmitted. This In this way, the surgeon can observe the safe limit of the applied force without taking their eyes off the operating field. Whether it has passed or not can be mechanically felt or seen via the handle. 25 The first retraction arm (3) and the second retraction arm (4) retract the tissue during the surgical procedure. on the retractor body (1) to ensure that it is kept at a certain opening These retraction arms are positioned. These arms transmit tissue through the tissue contact end (5) It has the mechanical strength to withstand tensile or shearing forces, and the force must be directly applied. Instead of being transferred to the retractor body (1), it is transmitted via a controlled force transmission path 30 It makes it measurable. The tissue contact tip (5) is the main element that contacts the tissue. The tissue contact tip (5) contacts the tissue. extended in a way that prevents the applied force from becoming locally concentrated, It has a rounded or curved geometry that can adapt to the texture surface. This is possible. Thus, by preventing the retraction force from concentrating at a narrow point, the tissue is protected. 35 The risk of crushing is reduced. The force acting on the tissue contact end (5) is directly transmitted force. It is transferred to his arm (6). 7 The force transmission arm (6) transmits the retraction force from the tissue contact end (5) to the elastic 5 It is an intermediate mechanical element that directs the force onto the deformation beam (7). force transmission arm (6), mechanical force sensing the direction and magnitude of the applied force It adapts to the system. Thanks to this structure, the force generated at the tissue contact end (5), It does not directly cause random body deformation; instead, it is measurable, It is transferred to a repeatable and calibratable mechanical deformation line. 10 The elastic deformation beam (7) is the basic element of the invention that performs the force sensing function. It is one of the mechanical elements. As the retraction force applied to the tissue increases, The elastic deformation beam (7) changes shape in a controlled and reversible manner. The subject is designed so that the deformation remains below the plastic deformation limit. Thus, with each use, the increase in force is represented by a specific elastic deflection, and this deflection is 15 It can be mechanically transferred to other elements. Controlled deflection on the elastic deformation beam (7) is the primary force transfer. through the plate (8) and the secondary force transmission plate (9) to the force balancing joint (10) is transmitted. The primary force transmission plate (8) receives the elastic deformation from the beam (7). It collects the motion in the first stage. The secondary force transfer plate (9) makes this motion more stable. 20 and transfers the force evenly to the balancing joint (10). Thus, the surgeon's hand irregularities resulting from movements, angular loads, or sudden tensile impacts The forces are mechanically balanced before they reach the triggering system directly. Force balancing joint (10) measures force components coming from different angles into a single measurement. and is an intermediate connector that directs traffic to the conversion line. 25 in surgical applications. Since the retractor is not always loaded in the same direction, the force balancing joint (10) the applied retraction force is transmitted more uniformly to the mechanical force transducer. This structure enables the transmission of forces only in the ideal direction. No, it also reliably handles angular and variable forces that may be encountered in clinical use. can be evaluated in this way. 30 The motion taken from the force balancing joint (10) is transmitted to the differential force converter. (11) is transferred. Differential force transducer (11), elastic deformation beam (7) the small mechanical displacement created by it is more noticeable and usable It converts mechanical movement. In this way, limited force changes occurring on the tissue, 35 capable of directly activating indicator, warning and overload limiting systems. It is converted into mechanical motion. 8 Differential force converter (11), stepped spring assembly (12), pre-tension spring (13), spring 5 It works in conjunction with the preload adjustment screw (14) and the force threshold adjustment ring (15). Step spring group (12) ensures that different force ranges are met with separate mechanical resistance levels. This ensures that the mechanism responds smoothly and precisely at low forces, while at high forces... It exhibits a more resistant and safe character in the forces. The pre-tension spring (13) of the system It determines the initial force level and the mechanism is too low, negligible, or 10 It prevents the activation of accidentally generated forces. The spring preload adjustment screw (14) is used to adjust the initial tightness of the preload spring (13). This allows the surgical technique to determine at what force level the mechanism will react. It can be adjusted according to the intended use. The force threshold adjustment ring (15) can be adjusted by the user or The manufacturer's appropriate threshold values ​​for different tissue types and different surgical specialties are 15. This allows for determination. For example, a lower threshold for soft tissue applications. For retraction of more resistant tissues, a higher threshold may be chosen. Thanks to this structure, the invention moves beyond being a fixed and single-value force warning system. It is adaptable to different clinical situations, mechanically adjustable, and multi-stage. It is transforming into a functioning tissue preservation system. Any electronic sensor, 20 Mechanical deformation alone, without the use of a microprocessor, software, or power source. Force sensing and evaluation through spring resistance, joint movement, and cam interaction. The process is being carried out. The force evaluation mechanism is entirely mechanical. Thanks to its composition of components, the measurement accuracy is maintained for a long time, electronically. Calibration shifts caused by components, power outages, and electromagnetic 25 The risk of being affected by the initiatives is eliminated. If the force value determined by the force threshold adjustment ring (15) is reached Mechanical motion generated by the differential force converter (11), mechanical The linear motion is transferred to the cam disc (16). The mechanical cam disc (16) controls the linear motion. By converting the angular motion, a progressive movement is generated on the cam tracking pin (17) 30 The geometry of the cam disc (16) ensures that the motion generated by the increase in force is linear. It is designed to be scaled up gradually, in a way that will not cause it to grow in an incremental manner. Thus, small force changes do not unnecessarily trigger the mechanism, while the threshold force... As the level is approached, the amount of movement is increased in a controlled manner. Mechanical cam The slope profile of the disk is in the form of a linear, logarithmic, parabolic, or multi-stage curve. 35 devisable. 9 The cam tracking pin (17) continuously tracks the cam surface to the force magnification lever (18) 5 It transmits mechanical motion. The force amplification lever (18) comes from the cam mechanism. by enlarging the movement to provide a mechanical advantage to the mechanical trigger pin (19) Thus, the elastic deformation that occurs on the beam (7) is quite small. Elastic shape changes occur completely without the use of any electronic amplifier. It is converted into greater motion through mechanical principles. 10 The mechanical trigger pin (19) is activated until the predetermined threshold force value is reached. It is held in the locked position. The force increase lever is activated when the threshold value is exceeded. (18) releases the incoming motion trigger pin (19) and the mechanical memory latch (20) puts into operation. The mechanical memory latch (20) is one of the most important technical components of the invention. Latch 15 (20), maintaining its current position from the moment it was triggered, the force returned to normal. Even if excessive force occurs, it mechanically records it. Thus... Even if the surgeon temporarily reduces the retraction force, during the operation... It can detect when the safe force limit has been exceeded. Thanks to this feature... Not only instantaneous force alert, but also mechanical event memory 20 It is created. The mechanical memory latch (20) is based solely on the mechanical locking principle. It is operational and not dependent on power outages, electronic malfunctions, or external power sources. It remains in a state of alert. In order to maintain the stable position of the mechanical memory latch (20), the memory A memory locking spring (21) is used. The memory locking spring (21) prevents the latch from vibrating, sudden hand 25 its involuntary return to its original position due to movement or small changes in force It ensures reliable operation by preventing blockages. With the activation of the mechanical memory latch (20), the indicator slider (22) It moves linearly, creating a clear warning in the visual warning window (23). Indicator slider (22), different geometric indicators bearing signs in different colors 30 as a structure that creates or moves a visible mechanical signal element It can be adjusted. Thus, the surgeon can use any electronic screen, digital display, or external... by looking only at the mechanical display window without using a display system It is able to assess the force situation. The invention is not limited to providing visual feedback. The display mechanism has 35 Simultaneously with the triggering, the mechanical vibration pin (24) is also activated. The mechanical vibration pin (24) works together with the vibration spring (25) on the handle (2). short-duration, low-amplitude mechanical vibration that can be felt by the surgeon 5 This creates a situation where the surgeon doesn't need to take his / her eye off the operating field. the force limit is exceeded not only through haptic feedback, but also through other means. It is understandable. A mechanical vibration system can be any electric motor, electromagnet, or piezoelectric device. It does not contain an actuator or electronic vibration generator. Vibration is entirely generated by cam 10. Its mechanism is created using the principle of spring force and mechanical impact. This situation This increases sterilization safety, reduces maintenance needs, and extends the system's lifespan. It ensures reliable operation. One of the most important safety functions of the invention is the passive overload clutch (26) It is performed by [name of person / organization]. During the surgical procedure, the retraction force is determined at 15 [units of measurement]. If it continues to exceed the safe limit, the passive overload clutch (26) is activated. By entering, it disconnects the power transmission line in a controlled manner. This allows the surgeon to... Not all of the additional force it applies is directly transmitted to the tissue; the mechanical system It is limited by. Passive overload clutch (26), torque limiting disc (27) and friction pad (28) with 20 They work together. The torque limiting disc (27) reaches the specified mechanical torque value. It maintains force transmission; if this value is exceeded, controlled sliding motion occurs. It is formed. The friction pad (28) transmits the force during the sliding that occurs. reducing the load on the tissue in a controlled manner without cutting it completely, thus preventing sudden load transfer to the tissue. It prevents retraction when the passive overload clutch (26) is engaged. The force is not completely cut off, but only up to a predetermined safe force level. It is reduced in a controlled manner. Passive overload coupling (26) reduces the resulting excessive force instantly. by reducing the surgical field of view in a controlled manner instead of releasing it completely. This ensures that the retraction is preserved and not completely lost. Thanks to this design, the retractor does not suddenly release in the event of excessive force. 30 The force is reduced in a controlled manner. This preserves the surgical field of vision. as well as potential tissue damage, circulatory problems, nerve compression, and necrosis. The risk is significantly reduced by electronically controlled force limiting systems. In contrast, all these processes involve only mechanical energy conversion and mechanical motion. This is accomplished through transfer. 35 The force limited by the mechanical overload clutch (26) is the sudden load that may occur. shock absorber disc to prevent the direct transmission of changes to the mechanical system. 11 (29) and is met by elastomer shock absorber (30). Shock absorber disc 5 (29), the sudden mechanical movement that occurs when the overload clutch engages. While slowing down in a controlled manner, the elastomer shock absorber (30) absorbs the resulting shock by dissipating a significant portion of its energy through elastic deformation, mechanically This increases the service life of the components. Thus, both the mechanism components... This reduces fatigue and prevents sudden force changes from being transmitted to the tissue. 10 Reduction of retraction force or after completion of the surgical procedure return spring (31) for the purpose of returning the system to its initial operating position is used. The return spring (31) is the movable part other than the mechanical memory system. by enabling the mechanical elements to return to their starting position in a controlled manner This increases the reusability of the mechanism. 15 Force applied by the surgeon at the end of the operation or at any time deemed necessary. Pressing the reset button (32) activates the reset lever (33) and The mechanical memory latch (20) is released in a controlled manner. Thus the display first study of the sliding (22), mechanical vibration system and force evaluation mechanism It is returned to its position. No disassembly is required during this process. Or there is no need to replace any parts within the mechanism. The locking latch (34) secures the mechanism again after the reset process is complete. This ensures that the system remains fixed in its initial position. Thus, the system can be used in the next surgery. It is recalibrated and ready for use before each use. Safety stopper (35), protective device that determines the working limits of mechanical elements 25 It functions as a structural element. Thanks to this element, the designed moving parts can be easily controlled. This prevents the product from going beyond the working distance and excessive deformation from occurring. This prevents damage and maintains mechanical reliability during long-term use. The motion guide (36) is the guide for the moving parts within the force transmission mechanism. It directs linear or curvilinear movements along the desired axis. Support 30 The bearing (37) reduces friction by supporting the mechanical loads of the moving elements. and ensures more stable force transmission. Friction The reducing bushing (38) can cause contact surfaces between moving parts to break. By reducing wear and tear, it helps the mechanism maintain its precision for a long time. It is located. 35 12 The power transmission shaft (39) is the main 5 that provides power transmission between different mechanical modules. It is a connecting element that allows movement to occur without loss due to mechanical deformation. It enables the transfer of data to other components of the system. The protective housing (40) protects the force sensing and feedback mechanism from the external environment. It protects against incoming fluids, blood, tissue debris, and sterilization chemicals. The sterilization sealing gasket (41) located inside the protective housing (40), steam 10 internal sterilization during gas sterilization or similar sterilization processes It contributes to the preservation of the mechanism. Modular connection cover (42) for maintenance, cleaning, calibration or of mechanical modules. It is designed to be disassembled and reassembled for replacement when necessary. Thus Service 15 for the relevant mechanical module only, without the need to replace the entire retractor. It is possible. Calibration module (43) determines the mechanical force threshold values ​​during the production phase or It is a mechanism that allows for precise adjustment after maintenance. Calibration With the help of module (43), different surgical branches, different age groups or different tissues Different force limits can be determined for its characteristics. Thus, the same basic 20 Different product variations suitable for the intended use while preserving the mechanical structure. It can be manufactured. Calibration can be performed during production or during maintenance. or it can be reapplied after service operations. The mechanical device described within the scope of the invention is only compatible with the geometric shapes described. not limited to connection types or mechanical elements, but achieving the same technical effect 25 will provide different mechanical linkages, spring systems, cam mechanisms, clutches mechanisms, joint structures, damping elements and force conversion This can also be achieved using mechanisms such as force sensing and mechanical feedback. notification, provided that passive overload limiting and mechanical memory principles are preserved. Equivalent applications to be made are also within the scope of protection of the invention. 30 is being evaluated. The invention's working principle is based on retraction applied to tissue during a surgical procedure. the perception, evaluation, limitation, and limitation of force entirely through mechanical means. It is based on being communicated to the user as feedback. The surgeon grasps the retractor body (1) by the handle (2) and inserts the first 35 With the help of the retraction arm (3) and the second retraction arm (4), the tissue contact end (5) The system becomes operational once it is deployed in the operation area. 13 During the retraction movement, the counterforce created by the tissue is initially applied to the tissue 5 It occurs at the contact end (5). The resulting mechanical load is transmitted through the force transmission arm (6) elastic deformation is transferred to the beam (7) via. Elastic deformation beam (7), elastic limits depending on the amount of applied force. It bends in a controlled manner inside, and the resulting deformation is the primary force. Force equalization via the transfer plate (8) and secondary force transfer plate (9) 10 It is transmitted to the joint (10). The force balancing joint (10) balances the force components coming from different directions on a single axis. It collects and transfers the differential force to the differential force converter (11). its converter (11) magnifies small amounts of elastic deformation, resulting in a stepped spring. It communicates to the group (12). 15 The stepped spring group (12) works together with the pre-tension spring (13) and only before actuate subsequent sections of the mechanism at specified force levels. This threshold value is passed through the spring preload adjustment screw (14) and the force threshold adjustment ring (15) With its help, it can be brought to the desired level. When the applied force remains below the determined threshold value, the mechanical cam disc (16), 20 cam follow pin (17), force magnification lever (18) and mechanical trigger pin (19) passive They maintain their positions, the indicator mechanism and overload protection system are activated. It does not enter. If the force reaches or exceeds the specified limit value, the differential... The motion from the force converter (11) is driven by the mechanical cam disc (16) 25 enlarged to the cam follow pin (17), from there to the force enlargement lever (18) and mechanical It is transferred to the trigger pin (19). The mechanical memory latch (20) is activated by the movement of the mechanical trigger pin (19) It locks and the memory locking spring (21) maintains this position. At the same time The indicator slider (22) moves and the force limit (23) is shown in the visual warning window 30 It generates a mechanical warning indicating that it has been exceeded. Simultaneously, the mechanical vibration pin (24) is briefly activated by the vibration spring (25). By creating mechanical vibration, the force limit is exceeded over the surgeon's grip handle (2). It allows them to feel it tactilely. If the surgeon continues to apply force, passive overload coupling (26) 35 Torque limiting disc (27) and friction pad (28) control sliding. It creates motion, thereby limiting the transmission of force without completely interrupting it. During this process... 14 Shock absorber disc (29) and elastomer shock absorber (30) absorb sudden load changes. This reduces the impact transmitted to both the mechanical system and the surgical tissue. After the surgical procedure is completed, the return spring (31) and the movable mechanical elements It directs to the starting position. Force reset button (32) and reset lever (33) With the help of the mechanical memory latch (20) is released, the locking latch (34) It locks the system back into working order. 10 Safety stopper (35), motion guide (36), support bearing (37), friction reducer bushing (38) and power transmission shaft (39) ensure all mechanical movements are safe, precise and It ensures that it occurs in a repeatable manner. Protective housing (40), sterilization sealing gasket (41), modular connection cover (42) and the calibration module (43) are used for sterilization processes of the mechanism. ensuring its suitability, ease of maintenance, and long-term accuracy. It provides. Thanks to this working principle, the invention can be used with any electrical energy, electronic sensor, mechanical force alone, without the use of software, microprocessor, or digital display The transformation is based on mechanical memory, passive overload limiting, and mechanical feedback. It works by ensuring the safe retraction of surgical tissues. Thus, the retraction force applied throughout the surgical procedure is controlled solely by the user. By being detached from experience, it can be mechanically monitored, limited, and It is being made controllable. Industrial Application of the Invention 25 The invention describes surgery with passive mechanical force limitation and tissue pressure feedback. retractor; suitable for mass production using current medical device manufacturing technologies. It can be manufactured. The main load-bearing elements of the invention are stainless surgical steel, titanium alloys, or Made from biocompatible high-strength metal materials; force sensing and motion 30 The elastic mechanical elements involved in transmission are spring steels or similar elastic materials. They can be manufactured from engineering materials with specific properties such as shock absorption. Auxiliary elements used for friction control and sealing purposes They can be produced from biocompatible polymers, elastomers, or composite materials. The production process includes forging, precision casting, CNC machining, wire erosion, and metal 35. Current manufacturing processes include injection molding, grinding, surface polishing, and precision assembly. One or more of these methods can be used together. After production... Mechanical force threshold values ​​are calibrated to create product 5 suitable for different surgical applications. Variations can be obtained. The invention involves an electronic sensor, microprocessor, software, battery, or external power source. Thanks to its completely mechanical operating principle, it does not require any standard hospital equipment. It can be used in accordance with sterilization methods, eliminating the need for maintenance. It reduces and maintains its reliability during long-term use. 10 Thanks to its modular mechanical structure, maintenance, cleaning, parts replacement and reassembly are easy. Calibration procedures can be easily performed, which makes the product usable. It extends the lifespan of the business while also reducing operating costs. The invention applies to general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, and thoracic surgery. surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, urology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, pediatrics 15 surgery, especially veterinary surgery, and all procedures requiring tissue retraction. It is suitable for use in surgical procedures. Without requiring additional large-scale investment in existing surgical instrument manufacturing infrastructures. It can be manufactured and offers reliable use thanks to its completely mechanical operating principle. Due to its technical features aimed at reducing tissue damage, the invention is suitable for mass production, 20 It is suitable for commercialization and widespread application in the healthcare sector. The invention can be manufactured as disposable or reusable surgical retractors. a modular mechanical system that can be integrated into existing surgical retractor designs such as It can also be used as a force control unit.

Claims

16 REQUIREMENTS 5 1. Controlled retraction of surgical tissues in open surgical procedures. a system that provides passive mechanical force limitation and textural pressure feedback. It is a surgical retractor and its feature is; a retractor body (1), to which the said retractor body is attached (1) a attached holding handle (2), at least one 10 positioned on the retractor body (1). retraction arm (3, 4) and a tissue contact end (5) that contacts the tissue, tissue contact a force transmission arm (6) that transmits the retraction force applied to its end (5), an elastic deformation beam (7) connected to the force transmission arm (6), elastic primary force transfer to the deformation occurring in the deformation beam (7) plate (8), secondary power transmission plate (9) and force balancing joint (10) 15 a force transmission that transmits through to the differential force transducer (11) the system is arranged in relation to the differential force transducer (11). stepped spring assembly (12), preload spring (13), spring preload adjustment screw (14) and an adjustable force threshold mechanism including a force threshold adjustment ring (15), mechanical cam disc (16) connected to the force threshold mechanism, cam tracking 20 a pin (17), force magnification lever (18) and mechanical trigger pin (19) the trigger mechanism, the mechanical memory latch connected to the trigger mechanism (20) and a mechanical memory mechanism including a memory locking spring (21), Indicator slider associated with mechanical memory mechanism (22), visual warning a 25 containing a window (23), mechanical vibration pin (24) and vibration spring (25). mechanical feedback mechanism, activated by the triggering mechanism and the retraction force is controlled within a predetermined safe limit value. passive overload clutch (26), torque limiting disc (27), friction which reduces brake pad (28), shock absorber disc (29) and elastomer shock absorber (30) the passive force limiting mechanism that is formed and the 30 of these mechanisms return spring (31) which enables the force to return to the initial working position A reset button (32), a reset lever (33) and a locking latch (34) It includes the mechanism.

2. It is a surgical retractor according to Claim 1, and its feature is that it is on an elastic deformation beam (7). the primary force transfer plate (8) of the elastic deformation that occurs, secondary 35 via the force transmission plate (9) and force balancing joint (10) force transmission that enables transmission to the differential force transducer (11) It includes the system. 17 3. Surgical retractor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by its differential force of 5. converter (11), stepped spring group (12), preload spring (13), spring preload Adjustable force with adjustment screw (14) and force threshold adjustment ring (15) It is the creation of a threshold mechanism.

4. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 3, its feature is: adjustable. force threshold mechanism, mechanical cam disc (16), cam follower pin (17), force 10 mechanical memory via the enlargement lever (18) and mechanical trigger pin (19) It is designed in such a way as to activate its mechanism.

5. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 4, featuring mechanical memory. its mechanism, mechanical memory latch (20) and memory locking spring (21) It must contain and retain the mechanical memory state after being triggered. It is regulated.

6. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 5, its characteristic is; mechanical retraction. notification mechanism indicator slider (22), visual warning window (23), It includes a mechanical vibration pin (24) and a vibration spring (25) and mechanical memory It is designed to work in relation to its mechanism. 20 7. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 6, its characteristic is passive force. limiting mechanism, passive overload clutch (26), torque limiting disc (27) and includes the friction pad (28) and the predetermined force limit value If exceeded, the retraction force will be reduced in a controlled manner. It is regulated. 25 8. According to claim 7, it is a surgical retractor, characterized by passive force limitation. its mechanism, shock absorber disc (29) and elastomer shock absorber (30) including and sudden load changes occurring in the power transmission line It is designed to dampen.

9. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 8, with the feature; reset 30 return spring of the mechanism (31), force reset button (32), reset lever (33) and includes the locking latch (34) and the mechanical memory mechanism It is designed to return to its initial operating position.

10. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized by its mobility. 35 that define the operating limits of mechanical elements and direct their movement safety stop (35), motion guide (36), support bearing (37) and friction It includes the reducing sign (38). 18 11. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 10, with the characteristic of; force transmission 5 (39), power transmission system and passive force limiting mechanism of the shaft. It is designed to provide mechanical transmission of motion between them.

12. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 11, its characteristic is mechanical. the system’s protective housing (40), sterilization sealing gasket (41) and It is located inside the modular connection cover (42). 10 13. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 12, its feature is; adjustable. Different retraction through the calibration module (43) of the force threshold mechanism The advantage is that the force can be adjusted according to the values.

14. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized by its mechanical cam. The mechanical movement of the disc (16) gradually increases depending on the force level. It is designed to have different slope profiles that will increase the gradient.

15. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 14, its feature is: adjustable. force threshold mechanism, spring preload adjustment screw (14) and force threshold adjustment The retraction force can be adjusted to different threshold values ​​via the ring (15). that is. 20 16. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized by its mechanical retraction. The notification mechanism consists only of the indicator slider (22) and the visual warning window. (23), only mechanical vibration pin (24) and vibration spring (25) or these It is designed to provide feedback to the user by working together. that is. 25 17. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 16, its characteristic is passive force. limiting mechanism, passive overload clutch (26), torque limiting disc (27) and without completely interrupting the retraction force through the friction pad (28) It is designed to reduce it in a controlled manner.

18. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 17, its feature is; modular 30 Maintenance, cleaning, replacement of mechanical modules via connection cover (42) or can be disassembled and reassembled for reassembly purposes It is regulated.

19. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 18, with the following characteristic: calibration. module (43), mechanical force threshold 35 during production or after maintenance It is designed in a way that allows its values ​​to be readjusted.

20. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 19, its characteristic is mechanical. force sensing, mechanical memory, mechanical feedback, and passive force limitation. 19 5 mechanisms integrated with each other within the same retractor body (1) It is arranged in this way.

21. Surgical retractor according to any of claims 1 to 3, its characteristic is; differential the force transducer (11) occurring in the elastic deformation beam (7) By amplifying mechanical deformation, the adjustable force threshold mechanism It is arranged in a way that will transmit it. 10 22. It is a surgical retractor according to Claim 2, and its feature is; force balancing joint (10), mechanical force from elastic deformation beam (7) differential force It is arranged to transmit to its converter (11) in a single axis.

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