MULTI-SENSOR HYBRID DRONE AND TERRAIN VEHICLE-BASED FIELD ANALYSIS PLATFORM

Abstract

The invention relates to a field analysis platform based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (20) and a ground vehicle (10), developed for the purpose of carrying out agricultural, mining and geological analyses. The system in question includes an unmanned aerial vehicle (20) that performs spectral, chemical and topographic analyses from the air and marks analysis points based on location; and a ground vehicle (10) that goes to the coordinates marked by the unmanned aerial vehicle, dries moist and muddy areas using its microwave drying module (11), and performs in-situ verification analyses. The system also includes a central data processing and fusion unit (30) that overlays the data obtained from both platforms into geographic layers to produce an integrated field file and a three-dimensional (3D) terrain model. Thanks to the system, light and heavy element analyses, substrate density scans and plant nutrient deficiency detections are carried out in real time in the field.

Description

1 TARIFF MULTI-SENSOR HYBRID DRONE AND TERRAIN VEHICLE-BASED FIELD ANALYSIS PLATFORM Technical Area This invention is designed for the purpose of conducting agricultural, mining, and geological analyses using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Coordinated operation of multiple sensors integrated onto drone and ground vehicle platforms Through its work, it performs field element analysis, plant nutrient deficiency detection, and real-time leaf analysis. Microwave drying and three-dimensional (3D) land mapping processes in muddy areas It relates to an integrated field analysis platform that performs this function. State of the Art 10 In the current state of the technology, plant health is monitored via drones using multispectral cameras. Surveying is being carried out and land mapping operations are being performed using LIDAR sensors. This is being carried out. In addition, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Laser-Induced Plasma are used. Libration spectroscopy (LIBS) devices are used in laboratory settings or as portable handheld devices. They are used independently of each other. Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of plants 15 In their analyses, detector-type X-ray systems are used separately for mineral and density analyses. It serves as a station. Microwave drying technology, on the other hand, is industrial. It is involved in drying processes. The biggest problems encountered in current systems are as follows: Lack of Data Fusion: Multiple sensor data (spectral, chemical, thermal) on a single platform 20 They cannot be combined, therefore a synchronized analysis report cannot be produced. Air and Land Lack of Integration: Between aerial drone data and ground-based vehicle data. The data does not verify each other dynamically and in real time. Mud and Moisture Initiative: In high humidity and muddy areas, elemental soil analysis (especially LIBS and (With XRF) it does not give accurate results due to water interference. 25 Element Spectrum Limitation: Heavy elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) and light elements (C, N, O) Simultaneous measurements cannot be taken on the same mobile system. Insufficient Depth Analysis: Detector-type X-ray structures that measure the density and mineral structure of the substrate are used in unmanned aerial vehicles. It could not be integrated with other vehicles. As a result, it includes unmanned aerial vehicles, ground vehicles, LIBS, NIR, XRF, detector-type X-ray, multispectral camera, LIDAR, and microwave drying 30 2 a structure that integrates and connects modules as a single field analysis ecosystem It is not included in the prior knowledge of the art. Purpose of the Invention The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known state of the art by developing a terrain. A platform that enables simultaneous, multi-layered analysis from the air and ground. 5 The specific objectives of the invention are: to improve the elemental composition of the land, both To increase data accuracy by measuring simultaneously from the air (drone) and from the ground (ground vehicle). By drying the muddy and high-humidity areas where measurements will be taken in situ using microwave energy. To make it suitable for elemental analysis, using a NIR sensor to measure plant, soil organic matter and water. When determining the content, heavy elements are detected simultaneously with XRF and light elements with LIBS. To determine the subsurface density and mineral map of the land using detector-type X-ray. extracting all obtained spectral, chemical and geographic data into an integrated database. The goal is to combine them to produce a single complete terrain file (including a 3D model). Explanation of the Figures Figure 1: Side-section general perspective view of a multi-sensor off-road vehicle. 15 Figure 2: Bottom-up general perspective view of a multi-sensor hybrid drone. Figure 3: Block diagram showing data flow and analysis cycle between system components. (flowchart). Explanation of References in Figures (10) Off-road vehicle 20 (11) Microwave drying module (12) On-board LIBS module (13) Vehicle-mounted XRF module (14) High power detector type X-ray module (15) Soil moisture, EC and pH sensors 25 (16) Tether (wired) drone power station (17) Hybrid power unit 3 (20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) (21) Multispectral camera (22) Thermal camera (23) LIDAR sensor (24) NIR sensor 5 (25) Drone LIBS module (26) Drone XRF (lightweight) module (27) Detector type X-ray (backscatter) module (28) GPS + RTK positioning unit (30) Central Data Processing and Fusion Unit 10 (31) Wireless communication modules Description of the Invention The platform described in this invention is primarily designed for aerial analysis, mapping, and target marking. Ground verification, depth analysis and operations are performed with an unmanned aerial vehicle (20) It consists of an all-terrain vehicle (10) that performs sample preparation operations. 15 The unmanned aerial vehicle (20) includes a multispectral camera for surface and plant health monitoring. (21) with thermal camera (22), LIDAR sensor (23) for precise 3D topography extraction, organic NIR sensor for matter analysis (24), drone LIBS for aerial detection of light elements module (25), drone XRF module (26) for heavy element scanning and substrate density recovery It houses a detector-type X-ray module (27) for scattering measurements. Positioning 20 Accuracy is ensured with the GPS + RTK positioning unit (28) in the centimeter range. Unmanned aerial vehicles (20) detect muddy, high humidity or risky anomalies during flight. It marks the areas where it is located based on coordinates. The all-terrain vehicle (10) has an unmanned surface on it. by removing the moisture from the muddy areas marked by the aircraft (20), the surface is spectroscopically It includes a microwave drying module (11) that makes it ready for analysis. Also on the vehicle there are 25 onboard LIBS module (12), onboard XRF module (13) and operating at higher power levels It includes a high-power detector type X-ray module (14) that examines the deep mineral structure. Soil moisture, EC and pH sensors (15) for directly measuring the physicochemical structure of the soil. It is integrated into the vehicle mechanism. The SUV (10) has a hybrid power unit (17) 4 and tether drone power station which enables the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) to fly uninterrupted. (16) has long-term field operation capability with unmanned aerial vehicle (20) and land All data obtained from the vehicle (10) is transmitted to the central office via wireless communication modules (31). The data is transferred to the data processing and fusion unit (30). Here, the data is superimposed to create a 3D terrain model. Light / heavy element maps, substrate density layers, plant nutrient deficiencies, and erosion 5 A single integrated land file containing risk maps is generated. How the invention can be applied to industry. The invention is a multi-sensor hybrid drone and off-road vehicle-based field analysis platform; for agriculture, commercially in the mining, geology, environmental engineering and defense industry sectors. It is capable of being produced, installed, and implemented. The ways in which the system is applied to industry and 10 The industrial solutions it provides are described below: Precision Agriculture and Agricultural Industry: The platform that is the subject of the invention; plant nutrients in large agricultural areas. Nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and leaf diseases are observed in the field, in real terms. It is used in the timely detection of plant nutrients and prescriptions produced by the system. maps; autonomous fertilization vehicles, agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or smart 15 It enables pinpoint fertilization and pesticide application by being integrated into tractor systems. This situation involves cost optimization and environmental protection in the agricultural industry by reducing chemical use. It provides protection. Mineral Exploration and Geological Analysis: Sample collection, which takes days in classical methods, Instead of sending to the laboratory and analysis processes; LIBS (12, 25), XRF 20 within the system Instant mineral detection in the field thanks to (13, 26) and high-power detector type X-ray (14) modules. Heavy metal and substrate density maps are created. Reserve determination and monitoring of mineral veins. and a field analysis by mining companies in surface geological mapping processes It can be used in series as a platform. Mass Production and Hardware Integration: Platform in 25 automotive and defense industries. currently produced land vehicles (10) and industrial vehicles produced in the aviation industry It can be modularly implemented on the bodies of unmanned aerial vehicles (20). The sensors, Mechanical assembly of the microwave drying module (11) and power station (16) is available in robotic and electromechanical production lines using standard manufacturing methods (CNC, 3D (Modeling, chassis assembly) suitable for mass production. 30 Software and Data Integration (SaaS): Central data processing and fusion unit (30) The processed data is used in geographic information systems (GIS) software, agricultural management. in standard data formats for their automation and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems (GeoTIFF, Shapefile, CSV, etc.) can be exported. In this respect, the system is suitable for agriculture and mining. It provides direct data infrastructure to the software industry that develops technologies. 5 Ability to operate in challenging terrain conditions: Microwave drying module (11) muddy by drying the areas and making them ready for spectroscopic analysis and the ground vehicle (10) drone Autonomous orientation of the system to the coordinates marked by (20); human hand without touching, in disaster areas, swamps or risky industrial sites (e.g. waste (dams, erosion areas) can be operated as an unmanned analysis station. 10 He / She / It does. 20 6 REQUESTS Claim 1: The invention relates to the performance of agricultural, mining, and geological analyses. It is an enhanced multi-sensor hybrid drone and off-road vehicle-based field analysis platform. Its feature is that it performs spectral, chemical, and topographic analyses from the air in the field. At least one unmanned aerial vehicle marking points and risky areas based on location. 5 (20),With its sample preparation and depth analysis modules, it is said to In-situ verification by heading towards the coordinates marked by the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). at least one land vehicle (10), unmanned aerial vehicle (20) and land vehicle performing the analyses (10) the obtained data is transmitted via wireless communication modules (31), By overlaying the data into geographic data layers, an integrated terrain file and a three-dimensional 10 It includes a central data processing and fusion unit (30) that produces (3D) models. Claim 2: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, its feature being; the said off-road vehicle (10) high humidity and muddy areas marked by the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) at least systems designed to remove water from the regions prior to spectroscopic analysis It includes a microwave drying module (11). 15 Claim 3: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1 or Claim 2, whose characteristic is; The uninterrupted / long-duration flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) located on the land vehicle (10) At least one tethered (wired) drone power station that provides energy transfer to enable it to do so. (16) is included. Claim 4: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is that it includes the aforementioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 20. precise positioning and mapping data on the vehicle (20) at the centimeter level It must contain at least one GPS + RTK positioning unit (28) configured to produce. Claim 5: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in question. The vehicle (20) includes a multispectral camera (21) for surface and plant health monitoring, surface a thermal camera (22) for temperature anomalies and a 25 for precise 3D topography extraction It contains a LIDAR sensor (23). Claim 6: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is; soil and plant... The light elements (C, N, O) and heavy elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) in its leaves are equivalent in the field. In order to detect in a timely manner; at least one drone LIBS on the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). module (25) and at least one drone XRF module (26), the drone in question on the Land vehicle (10) 30 7 at least one on-vehicle LIBS module (12) with a higher output power than the modules and at least It includes a vehicle-mounted XRF module (13). Claim 7: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is its ability to analyze the subsurface of the land and soil. through the density in its layers and the principle of fracture and backscattering of mineral structure For mapping purposes; at least one backscatter 5 on the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). (backscatter) type detector X-ray module (27), on the land vehicle (10) underground at least one high-powered system configured to examine its layers more deeply. The detector type is that it contains an X-ray module (14). Claim 8: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, characterized by its ability to analyze plant and soil structure. For the purpose of determining the amount of organic matter and water content from the air, unmanned aerial vehicle (20) 10 It contains at least one NIR (Near Infrared) sensor (24) integrated into its body. Claim 9: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, its feature is; on a field vehicle (10), to measure the physicochemical properties of soil using the direct contact method It must contain at least one soil moisture, EC and pH sensor (15) configured. Claim 10: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is that the said off-road vehicle has 15 (10) and tether station (16) are configured to meet the site energy needs at least It includes a hybrid power unit (17). 25 8 SUMMARY MULTI-SENSOR HYBRID DRONE AND TERRAIN VEHICLE-BASED FIELD ANALYSIS PLATFORM The invention was developed for the purpose of carrying out agricultural, mining and geological analyses. It relates to a field analysis platform based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (20) and a land vehicle (10). Invention 5 The system in question performs spectral, chemical, and topographic analyses from the air. an unmanned aerial vehicle (20) that marks the points based on location; the points marked by this vehicle By going to the coordinates, moist and through the microwave drying module (11) on it A field that dries muddy areas and performs in-situ verification analyses. The system includes the tool (10). Within the system, the data obtained from both platforms is also included. An integrated terrain file and three-dimensional (3D) terrain are created by overlaying geographical layers. There is a central data processing and fusion unit (30) that produces the model. Thanks to the system Light and heavy element analyses, substrate density scans, and plant nutrient deficiency assessment. Detections are carried out in the field in real time.

Claims

6 REQUESTS Claim 1: The invention relates to the performance of agricultural, mining, and geological analyses. It is an enhanced multi-sensor hybrid drone and off-road vehicle-based field analysis platform. Its feature is that it performs spectral, chemical, and topographic analyses from the air in the field. At least one unmanned aerial vehicle marking points and risky areas based on location. 5 (20),With its sample preparation and depth analysis modules, it is said to In-situ verification by heading towards the coordinates marked by the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). at least one land vehicle (10), unmanned aerial vehicle (20) and land vehicle performing the analyses (10) the obtained data is transmitted via wireless communication modules (31), By overlaying the data into geographic data layers, an integrated terrain file and a three-dimensional 10 It includes a central data processing and fusion unit (30) that produces (3D) models. Claim 2: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, its feature being; the said off-road vehicle (10) high humidity and muddy areas marked by the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) at least systems designed to remove water from the regions prior to spectroscopic analysis It includes a microwave drying module (11). 15 Claim 3: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1 or Claim 2, whose characteristic is; The uninterrupted / long-duration flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) located on the land vehicle (10) At least one tethered (wired) drone power station that provides energy transfer to enable it to do so. (16) is included. Claim 4: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is that it includes the aforementioned unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 20. precise positioning and mapping data on the vehicle (20) at the centimeter level It must contain at least one GPS + RTK positioning unit (28) configured to produce. Claim 5: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in question. The vehicle (20) includes a multispectral camera (21) for surface and plant health monitoring, surface a thermal camera (22) for temperature anomalies and a 25 for precise 3D topography extraction It contains a LIDAR sensor (23). Claim 6: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is; soil and plant... The light elements (C, N, O) and heavy elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) in its leaves are equivalent in the field. In order to detect in a timely manner; at least one drone LIBS on the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). module (25) and at least one drone XRF module (26), the drone in question on the Land vehicle (10) 30 7 at least one on-vehicle LIBS module (12) with a higher output power than the modules and at least It includes a vehicle-mounted XRF module (13). Claim 7: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is its ability to analyze the subsurface of the land and soil. through the density in its layers and the principle of fracture and backscattering of mineral structure For mapping purposes; at least one backscatter 5 on the unmanned aerial vehicle (20). (backscatter) type detector X-ray module (27), on the land vehicle (10) underground at least one high-powered system configured to examine its layers more deeply. The detector type is that it contains an X-ray module (14). Claim 8: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, characterized by its ability to analyze plant and soil structure. For the purpose of determining the amount of organic matter and water content from the air, unmanned aerial vehicle (20) 10 It contains at least one NIR (Near Infrared) sensor (24) integrated into its body. Claim 9: The field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, its feature is; on a field vehicle (10), to measure the physicochemical properties of soil using the direct contact method It must contain at least one soil moisture, EC and pH sensor (15) configured. Claim 10: This is the field analysis platform specified in Claim 1, and its characteristic is that the said off-road vehicle has 15 (10) and tether station (16) are configured to meet the site energy needs at least It includes a hybrid power unit (17).

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