Biosensor-Assisted Smart Transdermal Patch

Abstract

This invention relates to a biosensor-assisted smart mint-ginger transdermal patch developed for the prevention and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting, capable of monitoring physiological parameters such as skin perspiration and heart rate changes. The transdermal patch developed within the scope of this invention consists of biosensors, a reservoir system sensitive to physiological signals, and a dual-stage controlled release mechanism. The system continuously monitors skin perspiration and heart rate changes, which are associated with early signs of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period. If the measured parameters exceed predefined threshold values, the reservoir system is automatically activated. In the first phase of activation, fast-acting peppermint (Mentha piperita) components are released to quickly reduce nausea. In the second phase, ginger (Zingiber officinale) components are released in a controlled and gradual manner to provide a long-lasting antiemetic effect and reduce the risk of nausea and vomiting recurring. The invention relates to an intelligent transdermal drug delivery system that supports pharmacological treatments in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting, enhances patient comfort, optimizes drug use, and operates according to the individual's real-time physiological data. In this respect, the system offers an innovative and viable solution in the field of personalized health technologies.

Description

1 TARIFF Biosensor-Assisted Smart Transdermal Patch Technical Area This invention, biosensor 5, is designed for the prevention and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The invention relates to assisted smart transdermal drug delivery systems. More specifically, the invention is based on skin perspiration. and sensors that can continuously monitor physiological parameters such as heart rate changes, a reservoir system sensitive to physiological signals that can respond to data obtained from sensors and a smart system that provides sequential and dual-stage release of the active ingredients mint and ginger. It encompasses a transdermal patch system. The invention relates to medical devices, biosensor technologies, 10 in the fields of transdermal drug delivery systems and postoperative symptom management available, providing personalized and controlled active substance release based on physiological data. It relates to a healthcare technology solution. Previous Technique Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common symptom in 15 patients following surgical procedures. It is one of the complications. ASBK reduces patient comfort and delays oral intake. This prolongs the recovery process and increases the length of hospital stay. Currently, ASBK's Pharmacological agents such as ondansetron, metoclopramide, and dexamethasone are used in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. They are used. However, these medications can cause headaches, sedation, dry mouth, visual disturbances, and It can have various undesirable effects, such as cardiovascular side effects. 20 In recent years, herbal products such as mint and ginger have been shown to have positive effects on nausea and vomiting. Its effects have been demonstrated in various studies. Ginger supports gastrointestinal motility and It is known to exert its antiemetic effect via serotonergic mechanisms. Mint, on the other hand, is fast-acting. It is used because of its initial calming effect and its properties that reduce feelings of nausea. In current transdermal systems, active ingredients are generally released at a constant rate, and the patient needs 25 days to fully recover. Intelligent systems that regulate drug delivery according to the immediate physiological state are not yet sufficiently developed. There are various studies in the literature on biosensor-assisted wearable health technologies. Despite this, physiological approaches to managing postoperative nausea and vomiting are available. It analyzes the signals in real time and uses the active ingredients mint and ginger sequentially and in pairs. A transdermal patch system with a progressively releasing pattern has not been encountered. In this respect, the present invention is 30 It differs from traditional transdermal drug delivery systems. Technical Problems That the Invention Aims to Solve The aim of this invention is to detect nausea and vomiting symptoms that occur in the postoperative period early. The goal is to develop a smart transdermal patch that detects diseases in the early stages and enables timely intervention. In current practices, timely detection of early signs of postoperative nausea and vomiting is crucial. 35 2 the inability to do so, the various side effects caused by the antiemetic drugs used, and the existing The fact that transdermal systems operate according to the fixed-release principle presents significant technical problems. This is being evaluated. Furthermore, single-stage drug delivery systems have a short duration of effect and... The inability to regulate the release of the active substance according to the patient's immediate physiological changes, This is among the significant limitations of technologies. 5 developed within the scope of this invention. The system analyzes physiological data obtained through biosensors to identify the effects of mint and ginger. It ensures the two-stage and controlled release of its components. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention involves biosensors and data processing embedded on a flexible and biocompatible carrier layer. unit, a reservoir system sensitive to physiological signals and dual-stage active substance release 10 It consists of a mechanism. The general working principle of the system is the monitoring of physiological data, data collection and analysis, identification of the risk of nausea and consequently the reservoir It is based on activating the system. This process is shown in the flowchart in Figure 1. It is explained. Sensor Structure 15 The sensor system is designed to monitor the user's physiological condition in real time. It is designed. In the preferred application, the system uses a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor. It includes a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The GSR sensor measures conductivity on the skin surface. It determines the level of sweating by measuring changes in these parameters. The PPG sensor, on the other hand, measures heart rate and heart rate. It monitors the variability of speed. Data obtained from sensors are used in flexible electronic circuits. 20 The data is transmitted to the data processing unit via the sensors, through the contact of the transdermal patch with the skin. It is placed in the monitoring section and is designed to take continuous measurements. Reservoir Structure The reservoir system is a multi-functional system that enables the storage and controlled release of active ingredients. It consists of a compartmentalized structure. In the preferred application, the system is a multi-layered reservoir 25 structures, microfluidic channels, permeable membranes, soluble microneedles and polymer-based It consists of carrier layers. The reservoir system includes at least two separate compartments. The first one The first compartment contains the fast-acting peppermint (Mentha piperita) active ingredient, while the second compartment contains a controlled-release agent. It contains the active ingredient ginger (Zingiber officinale). This structure allows the active ingredients to... It allows for independent storage and sequential application of information. 30 Data Processing and Activation System Physiological data obtained from the sensors are analyzed by a data processing unit. The data processing unit can be a microcontroller, integrated circuit, or embedded system, depending on the preferred application. It includes a processor. The system primarily records the user's basal physiological values, then... then changes in skin perspiration, changes in heart rate, and heart rate 35 It continuously evaluates the differences in variability of physiological parameters. If the predetermined threshold values ​​are exceeded, the system warns of the impending risk of nausea. 3 It determines this. When the risk of nausea is detected, the data processing unit sends a signal to the reservoir system. It sends an activation command. Two-Stage Release Mechanism The invention operates on the principle of two-stage emission. Data obtained from the sensors are analyzed. When the risk of impending nausea is detected, the reservoir system is activated. In the first stage, 5 The active ingredient in peppermint is released via a rapid-release mechanism. The purpose of this step is to... The goal is to reduce nausea in the early stages. In the preferred application, the active ingredient peppermint is used for 1 to 2 days. It is released between minutes. In the second stage, the active ingredient of ginger is released in a controlled and gradual manner. It is released as follows. In the preferred application, the active ingredient in ginger is released between 1 and 24 hours. It is released. Thanks to this two-stage structure, it provides both rapid onset and long-lasting antiemetic effects. 10 The effect is achieved. Activation Algorithm The algorithm developed within the scope of the invention allows for the combined evaluation of physiological data. It is based on the system primarily recording the user's basal physiological values ​​and then... then changes in skin perspiration, changes in heart rate, and 15% variability in heart rate. It continuously analyzes the differences. The GSR value is a certain percentage of the baseline value. If the heart rate increases and exceeds predetermined threshold values, the system may... It determines the risk of nausea. In order to prevent incorrect activations, physiological changes The condition of continuing for a specific period of time may apply. Application Example 20 A patient who underwent surgery had a smart implant placed in the upper arm during the post-operative period. A transdermal patch is applied. GSR and PPG sensors on the patch continuously provide data. It collects. Approximately 2 hours after surgery: Increased skin sweating and elevated heart rate were detected. The algorithm interprets these changes as an indicator of impending nausea. 25 The system activates the initial reservoir, rapidly releasing the active ingredient in peppermint. Then the second reservoir comes into play, and the active ingredient in ginger is released in a controlled manner. This helps prevent the nausea from worsening and improves the patient's comfort. Industrial Applicability The invention is suitable for use in hospitals, surgical clinics, outpatient surgery centers, and rehabilitation centers. It can be used in centers and home care applications. This system is used post-operatively. Next-generation smart medical devices and controlled systems for the prevention and control of nausea and vomiting. It is industrially applicable in the field of drug delivery systems. 35 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE IMAGES Figure 1: Flowchart Figure 2: Sensor Structure Figure 3: Reservoir Structure 5 Figure 4: Two-Stage Release Mechanism Figure 5: General Schematic Structure Figure 6: Sensor Placement (Top View) Figure 7: Top view of the transdermal patch. Figure 8: Cross-sectional view of the layered structure of the transdermal patch (side view)

Claims

REQUESTS 1. Used to prevent and control postoperative nausea and vomiting, containing mint. A smart transdermal containing ginger as an active ingredient, with a reservoir sensitive to physiological signals. patch.

2. At least one biosensor that monitors skin perspiration and changes in heart rate, as per claim 1.5 Smart transdermal patch containing.

3. According to Claim 2, the biosensor's galvanic skin response (GSR), photoplethysmography (PPG), and heart rate... smart devices consist of pulse rate sensors, skin temperature sensors, or combinations thereof. transdermal patch.

4. A 10-bit system that processes physiological data obtained from biosensors, in accordance with Claim 1. Smart transdermal patch containing a microcontroller or data processing unit.

5. According to claim 4, the data processing unit must anticipate changes in skin perspiration and / or heart rate. It's a smart system that activates the release mechanism by detecting when defined threshold values ​​are exceeded. transdermal patch.

6. According to claim 1, a multi-compartmental structure consisting of two or more compartments, sensitive to physiological signals. Smart transdermal patch containing a layered reservoir system.

7. According to claim 6, the active ingredient is mint in the first reservoir compartment, and in the second reservoir compartment... The compartment contains a transdermal patch with ginger as the active ingredient.

8. A two-stage release system according to Claim 1, in which the active ingredient of peppermint is rapidly released in the first stage. 20 transdermal patch.

9. According to claim 8, the first stage release is within 1–30 minutes, and the second stage release is within 1– Transdermal patch applied within 24 hours.

10. According to Claim 1, the release of the active substance occurs via microfluidic channels, permeable membranes, transdermal 25 performed via soluble microneedles or combinations thereof patch.

11. Assessment of changes in skin perspiration and heart rate together, according to Claim 1. A smart transdermal patch containing an activation algorithm that predicts the risk of nausea.

12. According to claim 11, the activation algorithm should detect specific changes in physiological data. A smart transdermal patch that, if continued for a period of time, initiates the first phase of release. 30 13. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting according to any of claims 1–12, A biosensor-assisted smart transdermal patch system used for monitoring or management purposes.

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