A control system that detects assembly errors in fasteners.

Abstract

The invention relates to a control system for detecting defects caused by the use of incorrect fasteners during the assembly processes of manufactured parts containing nuts, bolts, and similar fasteners in mass production lines.

Description

1 TARIFF A device that detects assembly errors in fasteners. CONTROL SYSTEM Technical Area The invention relates to a control system that detects assembly defects in fasteners. 5 State of the Art Assembly of products containing nuts and similar fasteners on mass production lines. Determining whether the correct fasteners are used in the processes, This constitutes a requirement in terms of product quality and reliability. Existing In applications, this verification process is carried out using two main methods. 10 In the first method, assembly accuracy is checked visually and manually by the operator. This method is being monitored. However, due to its susceptibility to human error, the control process... Systematic reliability cannot be ensured due to the inability to guarantee its repeatability and consistency. This contains the problem. In the second method, the presence-absence dynamic is integrated into the process. sensors are used. However, these sensors are only 15 of a connecting element. It can determine whether it is located in the relevant position; size, form or material. distinguishing between different types of fasteners that are similar in terms of their properties It lacks the capacity. This fundamental deficiency stems from the wrong type of connection. The oversight of the component's assembly, the subsequent production of a faulty product This leads to stages or direct delivery to the customer. In addition, 20 Using the wrong fastener can damage the product or process in subsequent steps. damage to the equipment, inability to complete the assembly, or the product being scrapped This can lead to its removal; this situation affects production efficiency and cost. This leads to negative consequences. In the current state of the art, another alternative is fully optical control systems. 25 These systems theoretically offer a higher discrimination capacity. together, they require high investment costs and are associated with issues such as ambient lighting and surface pollution. Due to their sensitivity to environmental variables, they can produce inaccurate measurement results. It can produce errors. Therefore, even if this method is implemented, it will still be faulty. The risk of the product reaching the customer cannot be completely eliminated. In this context, 30 None of the current solutions are reliable and low-cost, regardless of environmental conditions. 2 cost-effective and highly accurate at distinguishing different types of fasteners from each other. It does not appear to offer a control function. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions being the subject of discussion... Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. 5 Purpose of the Invention The invention was created by drawing inspiration from existing situations and overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks. It aims to solve the problem. The main purpose of the invention is to produce nuts, bolts and similar fasteners on mass production lines. 10 during the assembly processes of products containing these materials, the use of incorrect fasteners a reliable, cost-effective and environmentally independent solution for errors arising from The goal is to establish a control system that allows for its detection in this manner. To this end, the invention consists of pins for nuts and bushings for bolts. It is based on a structure consisting of designed referencing elements. The system The basic working principle is that the connecting element must be correctly aligned with this referencing structure. It is based on fitting; when the correct fastener is installed, the system is in its nominal position. Referencing in case of installation of a faulty fastener during placement. Because it is not geometrically feasible, the system cannot reach the expected position. This Geometric discrepancies are automatically detected via sensors positioned on the system. This is perceived as such, and the detected error is made visible to the operator. (Statement 20) The approach in question is based on the principle of direct physical referencing for error detection. because of the changes in ambient light or surface contamination to which optical systems are exposed It can produce reliable results independently of environmental disruptive factors such as those mentioned. Another objective of the invention is for the system to have a generic and scalable structure. Since the number of pins and bushings and the configuration can be changed depending on the product, the system is 25. Easily integrated into various product families containing different numbers and types of fasteners. It is adaptable. This flexibility ensures that the invention is not merely a solution specific to a particular product. going beyond mere formality, it becomes a universally applicable term that can be used in a wide range of applications. This allows it to transform into a control platform. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below and 30 This becomes clearer thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures. 3 This will be understood, and therefore the evaluation should also take these forms and detailed explanations into consideration. It needs to be done by taking precautions. Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1 shows the isometric view of the system that is the subject of the invention. Figure 2 shows a top view of the system that is the subject of the invention. 5 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of AA. Explanation of Part References 1 Pin 2 Balls 3 Pressure adjustment plate 10 4 Protective sheets Stopper 6 Covers 7 Blocks 8 Sensors 15 9 First nut First stamp 11 Sensor plates 12 Second stamp 13 Second nut 20 14 Sensor data transfer cable Now the first adjustment part 16 Shim second adjustment part 17 Shim third adjustment part 18 Sim 25 19-piece seating surface Detailed Description of the Invention This detailed explanation describes the detection of assembly defects in the fasteners that are the subject of the invention. The preferred configurations of a control system that does this are not only about better understanding the subject. It is explained in order to facilitate understanding. 30 4 The control system described in this invention is designed for fastening nuts, bolts, and similar fittings on mass production lines. incorrect fasteners in the assembly processes of products containing these components enabling reliable detection of errors resulting from its use a created by the integrated assembly of mechanical and electronic components It is a mechanism. The basic working principle of the system is the geometric arrangement of the connecting elements. physical verification through referencing and the sensor's response to this verification result transmitting signals to the process control system via a signal infrastructure based on It is based on. The structural core of the system is the pin (1) corresponding to the nuts on the production part. and forms the bushing elements corresponding to the bolts. Pin (1), only tolerance 10 This will allow it to pass over the correct fastener within the range. however, the passage of the faulty connecting element will be prevented due to the difference in diameter It is designed with a stepped and movable structure. The production part is integrated into the system. during installation, the fasteners on the part are pins (1) or bushings 15 and the part must fit completely and the part must sit on the part seating surfaces on the fixture (19) It is expected to fit perfectly. Part seating surfaces (19), of the production part These surfaces function as reference surfaces with which the invention body makes contact. To confirm that the part fits perfectly into the fixture, each pin (1) or bushing Sensors (8) are used, positioned next to it. These sensors (8) are used in production. These are pieces of equipment that control the position of the part on the ground in the fixture, and part 20 Under the seating surface (19), the sensing is selected in accordance with the form of the manufactured part. It is positioned taking the distance into consideration. This positioning is important. It is a parameter; if the sensor (8) remains on the part seating surface (19), the part, Even if the connector is faulty, it will still make physical contact with the sensor (8) and give a false positive signal. This can lead to the production of. However, the position or detection of the sensor (8) 25 If the distance is not determined appropriately for the product, the system will continuously give OK or a negative response. A NOK (Not OK) signal is sent. Therefore, the sensors (8), The sensor sheet (11) is mounted on the sensor sheet (11) and the first one is mounted on both sides of the sensor sheet (11) nut (9) with the second nut (13) and the fasteners in vibrating working conditions It is fixed by means of the first washer (10) and the second washer (12) which prevent it from loosening. 30 The sensor plate (11) is attached to the system to ensure that the sensor (8) is mounted in the correct position. It is an included sheet metal element. The production part with the correct connecting element passes through the pin (1) or bushings. If the part fits perfectly onto the seating surfaces (19), the sensors (8) at this level It detects the part and sends an OK signal to the system. This signal is the sensor data transmission signal. It is transmitted to the process control system via cable (14) and the process continues It is permitted. However, if the fasteners on the part are faulty, 5 In this case, the elements in question are pins (1) or bushings due to differences in diameter. It cannot pass through; this situation prevents the part from fitting properly into the fixture, and therefore... This leads to the sensors (8) being unable to detect the part. The sensors (8) fail to detect the part in the system. The system is blocked and the production line is disrupted as a result of the inability to send a presence signal. is stopped. If necessary, this signal isolates the faulty part from the production line. It can also be integrated with an automation infrastructure that will enable this. The limited movement of the pin (1) or bushing positions in the horizontal plane, the system This is important in terms of reliability. Fasteners in the production process Due to positional tolerances, even the correct type of fastener may not fit perfectly into the fixture. They may have difficulty sitting. Eliminating this positional error factor is possible. 15 For this purpose, pins (1) are mounted on a structure that can move a limited distance in the horizontal plane. It is positioned. This movable structure is located at a limited distance on the pin (1) or bushing. balls (2) that allow horizontal movement, balls (2) and other parts of the system in order to maintain an appropriate level of friction force between the components The pressure adjustment plates used (3) remove burrs, slag and similar debris from the process environment. to prevent contaminants from reaching the balls (2) and at the same time move together with the pin (1) The protective sheet (4) is structured to be able to work during the operation of the protective sheet (4). stopper (5) which prevents displacement of all these components assembly block (7) and the components within block (7) which are the body structure in which it is made It consists of a cover (6) element that prevents it from coming out. Thanks to this movable structure, 25 The system is able to absorb the positional tolerances of the fasteners, and this It can prevent the generation of erroneous NOK signals caused by tolerances. Another important feature of the system is that it prevents positional discrepancies that may arise from manufacturing tolerances. It has three-axis adjustment capability to compensate for deviations. Pin (1) and bushing positions may deviate by 30 degrees from design values ​​due to tolerance ranges in the manufacturing process. Deviations may occur. In order to eliminate these deviations in all axis directions... in the system shim first adjustment part (15), shim second adjustment part (16) and shim third adjustment There are three separate shim adjustment parts, including part (17). The first shim adjustment part (15) position of the pins (1) in the X direction, shim second adjustment piece (16) in the Y direction 6 adjust its position, while the third adjustment piece (17) adjusts its position in the Z direction. Shims (18) are fastening elements used for the purpose of assembly. Shims (18) are fastening elements used during assembly. The system has adjustable plates that can be added to or removed, and the pin (1) positions are precise in all directions. It allows for adjustment in this way. A similar position adjustment function allows for alternative positions. This can also be achieved through determining sub-elements. 5 The system described in this invention, thanks to its generic and modular structure, allows for different numbers and types of connections. It can be adapted to various product families containing the element. Depending on the product, the pin (1), The configuration can be changed by changing the number of bushings and sensors (8); in this way the system can be a single Beyond being a product-specific solution, it has a wide range of applications. It serves as a control platform that can be used. 10

Claims

7 REQUESTS 1. Production of nuts, bolts, and similar fasteners on mass production lines. from the use of incorrect fasteners in the assembly processes of the parts It is a control system designed to detect errors that may occur; its characteristic feature is:  Corresponding to the nuts on the manufactured part and only with a tolerance of 5 will allow the passage of the correct fastener within the range, faulty in a way that will prevent the passage due to the difference in diameter of the connecting element at least one pin (1) and / or bolt corresponding to a stepped structure a small zodiac sign,  The movement of the pin (1) and / or bushing in the horizontal plane over a limited distance 10 balls positioned on the pin (1) or bushing in such a way as to provide (2),  Block (7) where the pin (1), balls (2) and related components are assembled,  Part seating where the production part will make contact with the control system surfaces (19), 15  The part fits snugly onto the seating surfaces (19) by passing through the pin (1) and / or bushings By detecting the part, the system sends an OK signal; for a part that doesn't fit, it sends an OK signal. The part is not detected and will transmit a NOK signal to the system. at least one sensor (8) located below the surface (19),  To ensure the sensor (8) is mounted in the correct position, the sensor plate (11) 20 It includes.

2. The system conforming to Request 1 is characterized by the connection between the balls (2) and the pin (1) and the block (7). pressure adjustment to ensure the friction force is maintained at the desired level. It contains plate (3).

3. The system conforming to claim 1 or 2 has the characteristic of removing chips and slag from the process environment. to prevent contaminants such as these from reaching the balls (2) and moving together with the pin (1) It contains protective sheet metal (4) in order to be able to do so.

4. The system is compliant with claim 3 and its feature is that the protective sheet (4) is displaced during operation. It contains a stopper (5) to prevent it from coming out.

5. The system is suitable for any of the previous requests and its feature is; 30 in block (7). It includes a cover (6) to prevent the components from coming out of place. 8 6. The system is suitable for any of the previous requirements and its feature is; sensor (8) sensor The first nut (9) which ensures that the sheet metal (11) is fixed from both sides, the second It contains a nut (13), a first washer (10) and a second washer (12).

7. The system is suitable for any of the previous requirements and its feature is that it is produced by the sensor (8). It includes a sensor data transmission cable (14) that transmits the signal to the process control system. 5 8. The system is suitable for any of the previous requirements and its feature is; during assembly By adding or removing pins (1) and / or bushings from the system, their positions can be changed in all axis directions. It includes shims (18) to enable precise adjustment.

9. The system conforming to claim 8 is characterized by the pin (1) and / or bushing positions in the X direction. The first adjustment of the shim (18) which is the fixing element of the shims that enable adjustment is 10 It contains part (15).

10. The system is in accordance with Request 9 and its feature is that the pin (1) and / or bushing positions are in the Y direction. The second adjustment of the shim, which is the fixing element of the shims (18) that enable adjustment. It contains part (16).

11. The system is compliant with the requirement 10 and its feature is that the pin (1) and / or bushing positions are 15 in the Z direction. The third adjustment of the shim, which is the fixing element of the shims (18) that enable adjustment. It contains part (17).

Images