A LORAWAN-BASED SUBCUTANEOUS ANIMAL TRACKING AND SECURITY SYSTEM THAT GENERATES ITS OWN ENERGY THROUGH THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING.

Abstract

The invention relates to a subcutaneous animal tracking and safety system that converts the temperature difference between the body temperature and the skin surface of cattle into electrical energy via thermoelectric generator modules, stores the generated energy in a micro-supercapacitor, measures tissue temperature via an integrated temperature sensor, determines vitality and safety status based on the measured temperature data, and transmits identification, temperature, vitality, and safety data to a central data system via the LoRaWAN protocol.

Description

1 TARIFF GENERATING ITS OWN ENERGY THROUGH THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING, LORAWAN-BASED SUBCUTANEOUS ANIMAL TRACKING AND SECURITY SYSTEM TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention calculates the temperature difference between the body temperature of a cattle and the skin surface. thermoelectric generator modules convert the produced energy into electrical energy. storing energy in a micro supercapacitor, transmitting it to tissue via an integrated temperature sensor. measuring temperature, assessing vitality and safety status based on measured temperature data. LoRaWAN protocol 10 determines and collects identity, temperature, vitality, and security data. with a subcutaneous animal tracking and security system that transmits data to a central data system. It is related. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE 15 used for the identification and tracking of cattle. One of the traditional methods is attaching ear tags to the animal's ears. The presence of ear tags on the external body integrity of the animal indicates that... The earrings can be removed, changed, or altered through physical intervention or on their own. This can lead to confusion regarding animal identities and registration issues. This leads to a decrease in the reliability of records regarding animal movements and animals. It can open. The passive RFID technologies used in current ear tags range from approximately 10 cm. It has a limited reading range between cm. Therefore, the animal's identification... The reader needs to be brought close to the animal so that the information can be read. [Large] It is possible to monitor animals in pastures and open grazing areas from a distance. 25 This is not the case, and the data is collected manually, through close contact with the animal. is being collected. Smart collars and similar active tracking systems used for animal monitoring are limited. It operates with chemical batteries that have a limited lifespan. The battery runs out. This terminates the device's function or necessitates battery replacement. 30 If the battery-powered device is implanted under the skin, surgery is required for battery replacement. Intervention may be necessary, which is problematic in terms of cost and animal welfare. It can create. 2 Traditional animal tracking methods mostly rely on static identification information. These systems are aimed at determining the tissue temperature of the animal continuously or at specific intervals. by measuring the state of life at intervals, the temperature that occurs after death its fall, the device separating from the animal's body integrity, or a rise in fever It cannot report to the central system. 5 THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the invention is to determine the relationship between the internal body temperature and the skin surface of cattle. It generates its own operating energy by converting the temperature difference into electrical energy. The goal is to develop a subcutaneous animal tracking and security system. 10 Another aim of the invention is to utilize the energy produced by thermoelectric generator modules. Storing low-voltage electrical energy in a micro supercapacitor and LoRaWAN The instantaneous current needed during data transmission is obtained from this energy storage unit. to provide. Another aim of the invention is to allow 15 animals to be placed under the animal's skin. The aim is to reduce the risks of earrings coming undone, being changed, or falling off. Another aim of the invention is to regulate the tissue temperature of the animal at specified intervals. measuring the measured temperature, comparing the measured temperature with the reference viability temperature and the rate of temperature change. to compare and when a sudden temperature drop below physiological limits is detected, the device The goal is to identify a security breach associated with the removal or death of the animal. 20 Another purpose of the invention is to transmit LoRaWAN data in the event of a identified security breach. Adding an emergency flag to the data package and prioritizing identity, vitality, and safety data. The goal is to transmit this data to the central data system. Another aim of the invention is to monitor increases in tissue temperature. health conditions accompanied by high fever can be identified, and the obtained temperature is 25 The aim is to enable the transfer of data to a central system. Another aim of the invention is to replace the limited reading range of passive RFID systems. Long-term identification, vitality, temperature, and security data can be transmitted using the LoRaWAN protocol. The aim is to enable centralized monitoring from a distance. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. General overview of the invention. 3 The corresponding numbers in the figures are: 1. Biocompatible outer casing 2. Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Modules 3. Flexible printed circuit board 4. Micro supercapacitor 5 5. Coiled RF antenna 6. Integrated temperature sensor DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention generates electricity from the body heat of cattle using a thermoelectric method. generating energy, monitoring the animal's vitality and safety status based on temperature data. monitoring and collecting data via the LoRaWAN protocol to a central data system It is a subcutaneous animal tracking and security system that transmits signals. The system in question uses biocompatible external transmitters. case (1), thermoelectric generator modules (2), flexible printed circuit board (3), micro supercapacitor (4), helical RF antenna (5) and integrated temperature sensor (6) 15 It includes. The biocompatible outer sheath (1) is a cylindrical outer sheath that surrounds the components of the system. It forms a housing. The biocompatible outer casing (1) is leakproof against biological fluids. a protective polymer that provides and allows the transmission of radio frequency signals It consists of layers. The structure of the outer sheath (1) is such that the device is placed under the animal's skin 20 direct contact of internal components with biological fluids during its period of use It prevents. The device has thermoelectric generator modules (2) at its two end terminals. Thermoelectric generator modules (2) use the animal's internal body temperature and skin surface The thermal gradient created by the temperature difference between them is called the "Seebeck effect". 25 It converts energy into electrical energy according to this principle. The central part of the device contains a flexible printed circuit board (3). Flexible printed circuit board (3), thermoelectric generator modules (2) electrically It is connected and carries the microcontroller that forms the system's control unit. The microcontroller receives measurement data from the temperature sensor (6), and converts the measurement data to reference 30 Comparing vitality temperature and rate of temperature change, vitality and safety to determine its status and create the LoRaWAN data packet to be transmitted It is structured. 4 The micro supercapacitor (4) is located on the flexible printed circuit board (3). Low voltage electrical energy produced by thermoelectric generator modules (2) is stored in the micro supercapacitor (4). The micro supercapacitor (4) is the system the instantaneous current required for operating the components and LoRaWAN data transmission It is used in providing. 5 The coiled RF antenna (5) is coiled around the cylindrical body of the device. It is positioned. The helical RF antenna (5) is generated by the microcontroller. Packets containing identity, temperature, liveness, and security data are transmitted to the LoRaWAN infrastructure. It enables the transfer of data to the central data system. 10 The integrated temperature sensor (6) is located on the flexible printed circuit board (3). The temperature sensor (6) measures the tissue temperature around the device. It takes measurements at intervals and transmits the measurement data to the microcontroller. The tissue being measured... temperature, the animal's vital sign, temperature changes, and the device's effect on the animal's body It is used to determine whether or not it is within its integrity. 15 When the device is implanted under the skin of a cattle, the animal's temperature rises to approximately 36.5°C. A temperature difference occurs between the internal body temperature and the skin surface. The thermoelectric generator modules (2) located at the two end terminals of the device, It converts the thermal gradient caused by temperature differences into electrical energy. The energy produced by thermoelectric generator modules (2) is electrical connections 20 It is transferred through to the micro supercapacitor (4) and stored there. Micro When the energy in the supercapacitor (4) reaches a sufficient voltage level, for the microcontroller A wake-up signal is generated, and the system initiates its operating cycle. Instead of continuous LoRaWAN transmission, the system converts the generated energy into a micro-supercapacitor. (4) data transmission after accumulation and reaching sufficient energy level 25 It operates on the principle of implementation. Thus, during LoRaWAN transmission... The required instantaneous current is supplied via a micro supercapacitor (4). In thermoelectric generator modules (2), energy at low temperature differences bismuth telluride-based chalcogenide semiconductor materials for production It is used. The thermoelectric structure is based on Se (Selenium) doped bismuth telluride 30 (Bi2Se3 / Bi2Se3 alloys) based on n-type legs and Sb-doped (Antimony) bismuth telluride. (Sb2Te3 / Sb2Te3 alloys) contain p-type legs. This is a thermoelectric material. Its efficiency is characterized by the following dimensionless goodness-of-life coefficient: ZT = ( S! 𝜅 )T In the equation, S represents the voltage produced by the material per unit temperature difference. The Seebeck coefficient, σ, is an electrical coefficient related to the mobility of the charge carriers generated. κ represents conductivity, κ represents thermal conductivity, and T represents temperature. 5 Thermoelectric materials reduce thermal conductivity and phonon scattering. To enhance this, it is synthesized in the form of nanostructured thin films. Nanostructured thin films... The film structure, within the limited volume inside the device with an outer diameter of 2 mm, provides thermoelectricity. to maintain the temperature difference between the ends of the generator modules (2) and the obtained 10 It aims to increase the voltage output. The crystal structure of the thermoelectric material synthesized during the manufacturing process was determined using X-rays. Diffraction analysis was used to determine its morphological structure and grain size, while scanning electron microscopy was used for other purposes. This is confirmed by analysis. The characteristic peaks obtained indicate the purity of the material and It is used in controlling the targeted stoichiometric ratio. 15 The microcontroller, which wakes up when sufficient energy is accumulated in the micro supercapacitor (4), Firstly, it enables the publication of the device's identification information. Temperature sensor (6) measures tissue temperature at specified measurement periods. The measurement period is: For example, it can be set as ten minutes. Measured by the temperature sensor (6) The tissue temperature is transmitted to the microcontroller as Ttissue. The microcontroller measures the 20°C. tissue temperature relative to reference viability temperature and temperature change over time It compares it to the speed of a sudden drop in tissue temperature below physiological limits. the fall, cooling that occurs after the animal's death, or the device's impact on the animal It is defined as a security situation associated with the separation of bodily integrity. This In this case, the microcontroller records the event as "Device Removed / Death". It tags and adds an emergency flag to the generated LoRaWAN packet. Identity, temperature, vitality, and safety data carried by an emergency flag, spiral RF. Temperature is sent primarily to the central data system via antenna (5). Measurement data obtained from the sensor (6) are used to monitor increases in tissue temperature. It is also used. Thus, the increase in the animal's body temperature and the high 30 Changes related to fever can be transmitted to the central data system. Identity, temperature, vitality, and safety data processed by the microcontroller. The LoRaWAN data packet is converted into a spiral RF antenna (5). 6 It is transmitted to the LoRaWAN infrastructure. Received by the LoRaWAN infrastructure The data is transmitted to the central data pool via receiving stations. This transmission... As a result, the animal's identification information, tissue temperature, vital status, and determined Security breaches can be monitored centrally. The device has 5 parts with an outer diameter of 2 mm and a total length between 40 mm and 45 mm. It is in the form of a cylindrical rod. The length of the device is the neck of the cattle. tissue thickness in the region and thermoelectric generators located at the two end terminals taking into consideration the creation of a sustainable temperature difference between modules (2) The diameter and length ratio of the device has been determined. This ensures that the device remains stable under the skin. 10 required for the helical RF antenna (5) to reduce the displacement caused by motion. the creation of the surface area and the internal volume required for the micro supercapacitor (4) It is aimed at ensuring this. The device minimizes tissue trauma during subcutaneous placement. It has thin, cylindrical, smoothed ends to reduce the appearance. Biocompatible outer sheath. (1) The outer surface is a textured polymer structure that will reduce the movement of the device under the skin. It includes. 15 After the sterilization process, the device is placed in the neck area of ​​the cattle. It is placed under the skin of the neck. The placement process involves an incision of between 2.5 mm and 3 mm. Using a standard veterinary trocar or cannula applicator with a lumen diameter This is performed by inserting the cylindrical device into the lumen of the trocar or cannula applicator. It is extracted and advanced under the loose skin in the neck area. The device has 20 The smoothed tip structure allows the device to be inserted under the skin without creating a surgical incision. This allows for the passage of tissue. Once the insertion is complete, the animal's internal body... The temperature difference between the temperature and the skin surface, thermoelectric generator modules (2) It creates a thermal gradient on it. The energy produced is in the micro supercapacitor (4) The voltage is stored, and the microcontroller wakes up upon reaching a sufficient voltage level. 25 and publishes the device's identification information.

Claims

7 REQUESTS 1. A subcutaneous implant for placement under the skin of cattle. It is a tracking and security system, and its features include: - forming a cylindrical outer casing that surrounds the system components and 5 a protective polymer that allows the transmission of radio frequency signals biocompatible outer sheath consisting of layers (1), - located at the two end terminals of the device and monitors the animal's internal body temperature. thermal gradient resulting from the temperature difference between skin surfaces Thermoelectric devices that convert energy into electrical energy according to the Seebeck effect principle. generator modules (2), - located in the central part of the device, with thermoelectric generator modules (2) flexible printing that is electrically connected and carries a microcontroller circuit board (3), - thermoelectric generator 15 located on flexible printed circuit board (3) storing low voltage electrical energy produced by modules (2) and the microcontroller that provides the instantaneous current required for LoRaWAN data transmission. supercapacitor (4), - identification, positioned wrapped around the cylindrical body of the device, Packets containing temperature, liveness, and safety data are transmitted via LoRaWAN infrastructure 20 spiral RF antenna (5) transmitting data to the central data system via - located on the flexible printed circuit board (3) and the tissue surrounding the device By measuring its temperature at specified intervals, the measurement data is sent to the microcontroller. transmitting integrated temperature sensor (6), - obtain measurement data from the temperature sensor (6), measure the data to the reference vitality 25 comparing temperature and the rate of temperature change, vitality and safety. to determine the condition, a sudden drop in tissue temperature below physiological limits If the device falls rapidly, the incident occurs when the device is removed or Labeling as a safety issue associated with the animal's death, LoRaWAN Adding an emergency flag to the data packet and including ID, temperature, vital sign, and 30 to create a LoRaWAN data packet containing security data It is characterized by containing a pre-configured microcontroller.

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