HYDRAULICALLY-MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED SAND FILTER SYSTEM THAT PERFORMS AUTOMATIC BACKWASHING THROUGH PRESSURE DIFFERENCE.

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydraulic-mechanical controlled sand filter system that performs an automatic backwashing operation without the need for any electric motor, electronic control unit, electric actuator, or external power source, by utilizing the differential pressure difference between the filter inlet and outlet, and automatically returns the system to filtration mode after backwashing is complete. Within the scope of the invention, the differential pressure between the filter inlet and outlet is converted into mechanical motion by a differential pressure sensing mechanism. This mechanical motion, via a pilot hydraulic control system, operates a hydraulic drive mechanism, changing the position of the main flow guide element and thus enabling automatic switching between the filtration and backwashing cycles.The hydraulic delay mechanism controls the backwashing cycle time, while the end-of-cycle detection and automatic return mechanism automatically return the system to filtration mode after the backwashing process is complete. Furthermore, the system is designed to be manually activated during maintenance, testing, and initial operation. Thus, the invention presents a reliable, energy-efficient, compact, and fully hydraulic-mechanical automatic backwashing sand filter system that utilizes only the differential pressure generated in the filter.

Description

1 TARIFF PERFORMS AUTOMATIC BACKWASHING THROUGH PRESSURE DIFFERENCE. HYDRAULICALLY-MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED SAND FILTER SYSTEM Technological Field: This invention relates to the technical field of fluid filtration systems, particularly in swimming. swimming pools, ornamental ponds, water treatment systems, industrial filtration facilities, and the like. Sand filters used in pressurized fluid filtration applications are automated. The invention relates to filter control systems that enable backwashing. More specifically, mechanically detects the pressure difference between the filter inlet and outlet, and this pressure The difference lies in the valve control movement via a hydraulic-mechanical control mechanism. converts and any electric motor, electronic control unit or external power source a sand that performs automatic backwashing without needing a water source It relates to the filter system. The system developed within the scope of the invention uses differential pressure sensing and hydraulic force. generating mechanical movement, automatic valve operation, backwashing cycle 15 after initiation, checking and completion of the backwashing process Automatic return to filtration mode functions are all achieved through a single hydraulic-mechanical system. It brings them together within architecture. In this respect, the invention, from fluid pressure Self-operating automatic filter control systems, utilizing hydraulic automation mechanisms, differential pressure controlled mechanical control systems and energy 20 In technical fields that do not require automatic fluid control mechanisms is being evaluated. The invention is designed for environments where electricity is not available and the goal is to reduce energy consumption. or suitable for use in applications where high operational reliability is required. and includes pool filtration systems as well as pressurized sand filters, water treatment plants, 25 industrial process filtration systems, agricultural irrigation filtration units, and similar applications. It is also applicable in fluid filtration systems. Thus, the invention, filter The pressure difference created inside is directly channeled through mechanical and hydraulic elements. It performs the automatic backwashing process by evaluating the situation, and has an external electric drive. A new filter control 30 eliminates the need for electronic control components. It offers architecture. State of the Art: 2 Today, swimming pools, ornamental ponds, water treatment systems, and various industrial applications are used. Sand filters used in filtration applications remove dirt that accumulates in the filter bed over time. Increased flow resistance due to sediment and suspended solids results in certain It requires backwashing at intervals. The backwashing process... Maintaining filtration efficiency by ensuring the cleaning of the filter material, system 5 to maintain performance, reduce pump load and filter elements This is critically important for extending the service life. In current practices, backwashing is mostly done manually by the operator. via controlled multi-way valve systems or electric motor, electric actuator, solenoid valve, electronic control unit, timer, pressure sensing 10 This is accomplished using elements and similar automation components. Manual In these systems, operator-determined backwashing time leads to user errors. Depending on the situation, this can cause the filter to be cleaned earlier or later than necessary. This situation both reduces filtration efficiency and negatively affects operational continuity. It can have an effect in this direction. 15 In electrically automated systems, the backwash cycle must be initiated and termination; electronic sensors, control circuits, electromechanical actuators and It depends on the coordinated operation of external energy sources. This structure includes the electrical infrastructure. This requires electronic components to be protected from humid and corrosive environments. vulnerability, cabling needs, maintenance requirements, energy consumption and system 20 This brings with it various technical disadvantages, such as increased costs. Furthermore... power outages, electronic malfunctions, or errors in control components backwash cycle delayed, incomplete, or completely disabled This can cause it to remain there. In time-controlled backwashing systems, the backwashing process takes place within the actual 25 minutes of the filter. according to predetermined time intervals, regardless of pollution level This is being done. Unnecessary waste is avoided when the filter is not yet sufficiently dirty. Washing increases water and energy consumption, while the filter lasts shorter than expected. If contamination occurs over time, delaying backwashing will affect filtration performance. This leads to a drop in pressure, an increase in pump load, and inefficient operation of the filter material. 30 It can open. Therefore, time-based control systems monitor the actual operation of the filter. It is unable to dynamically adapt to the conditions. 3 In some pressure-sensing systems, differential pressure is measured only electronically. This is measured via sensors or pressure switches, and this measured value is only It provides information to the electronic control system. In other words, inside the filter... The naturally occurring pressure difference directly produces mechanical movement or hydraulic control. It is not used to operate its components; it is merely a sensing parameter 5. It is considered as such. Therefore, in order to perform the backwashing process... again, electric actuators, electromechanical valve systems or electronic control The units are needed. In addition, most current solutions use differential pressure sensing, feedback. Initiating the flushing cycle, valve operation, checking backwashing time 10 and the process of returning the system to filtration mode are independent of each other. This is accomplished by various mechanical and electronic subsystems. This situation complicates the system architecture, increases the number of components, and leads to failures. This increases the likelihood of problems and complicates maintenance processes. In the current technology, the differential pressure formed between the filter inlet and filter outlet is directly measured at 15. sensing the pressure difference via a mechanical diaphragm, the detected pressure is controlled by hydraulic control. converting the main flow into energy via a hydraulic pilot control mechanism. automatically activates the guiding element, completing the backwash cycle. This is accomplished by using the fluid's own pressure energy, and at the end of the cycle, no The system can be restarted without the need for an external power source or operator intervention. an integrated hydraulic-mechanical filter control architecture that switches to filtration mode It is not available. Therefore, it directly controls the differential pressure that naturally occurs within the filter. It utilizes this pressure as energy, and through a mechanical diaphragm system, it transmits hydraulic pressure. converting the control movement, automatically initiating the backwash cycle, 25 it continues in a controlled manner and automatically restarts the system after completion. electric motor, electronic control unit, electric that switches to filtration mode Simpler and more reliable, requiring no actuator or external power source. an integrated hydraulic system that is energy efficient, requires low maintenance, and has a long service life. A mechanical filter control system is required. This invention covers the aforementioned technical aspects. It was developed to meet the needs. The purpose of the invention: 4 The main purpose of this invention is to naturally remove impurities from the sand filter during the filtration process. by directly evaluating the resulting differential pressure mechanically and hydraulically, any electric motor, electronic control unit, electric actuator or external backwashing process automatically without needing an energy source The goal is to develop a hydraulic-mechanical controlled sand filter system capable of achieving this. 5 Another purpose of the invention is to mechanically reduce the pressure difference between the filter inlet and outlet. Continuous monitoring via a diaphragm-based sensing mechanism, in advance The hydraulic pilot control system is activated when a predetermined differential pressure threshold is reached. by automatically activating the backwash cycle without operator intervention. to start. 10 Another aim of the invention is to directly convert the fluid pressure present within the filter to hydraulic pressure. to use as control energy, converting this energy into mechanical motion to the main flow to operate the steering mechanism and switch between filtration and backwashing modes. The goal is to provide reliable, controlled, and repeatable transitions. Another aim of the invention is to ensure that the backwashing cycle only covers the actual fouling of the filter. by enabling it to be started based on the differential pressure value reflecting its level to prevent unnecessary backwashing, reduce water and energy consumption, filter to extend the service life of the material and the overall operation of the filtration system The goal is to increase its efficiency. Another objective of the invention is hydraulic delay and mechanical positioning mechanisms 20 thanks to which the backwash cycle continues stably for a sufficient period of time to ensure that after the cycle is complete, no external control is required. by automatically returning the system to normal filtration mode without requiring any interruption. and to establish a reliable working environment. Another objective of the invention is differential pressure sensing, mechanical triggering, hydraulic pilot 25 control, hydraulic drive, flow direction, loop control and automatic filtration mode return functions are controlled by a single integrated hydraulic-mechanical control architecture. reducing system complexity and lowering maintenance requirements by bringing components together. and to increase operational reliability. Another purpose of the invention is to allow for the creation of pools of different capacities and specifications thanks to its modular structure. sand filters, water treatment systems, industrial filtration plants, agricultural irrigation Easily adaptable to filters and similar pressurized fluid filtration systems, can be integrated into existing filtration systems and is effective in different operating conditions. The aim is to provide an automatic backwashing system that can be used in this way. The invention developed for these purposes addresses the problem that forms between the filter inlet and filter outlet. this pressure directly sensed via a mechanical diaphragm system converting the difference into hydraulic-mechanical control movement, main flow direction 5 the mechanism that automatically activates the backwash cycle completely immersed in the fluid It accomplishes this by utilizing the existing pressure energy and at the end of the cycle, the system An integrated hydraulic-mechanical system that automatically returns to filtration mode. It offers a filter control architecture. Thus, the invention provides an alternative to the solutions currently available in the technology. more reliable, energy efficient, low maintenance, long lifespan and high 10 It provides an innovative technical solution that ensures business continuity. Explanation of the Figures Figure 1: Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference, which is the subject of the invention. The general structure of a mechanically controlled sand filter system, including the filter tank and flow lines, 15 showing the differential pressure sensing system and the main flow diversion scheme. It shows the perspective view. Figure 2: Differential pressure sensing of pressures taken from filter inlet and outlet. the transmission of pressure to the body, the detection of the pressure difference via a mechanical diaphragm, triggering of the hydraulic pilot control system and hydraulic drive mechanism It shows a cross-sectional view illustrating its operation. 20 Figure 3: Filtration and backwashing positions of the main flow diverter valve mechanism. between them, hydraulic-mechanical control, backwash cycle implementation, end-of-cycle control with hydraulic retardation mechanism and the system a control that allows it to automatically return to filtration mode It shows the appearance of the mechanism. 25 References: 1. Automatic backwashing sand filter system 2. Filter tank 3. Filtration medium 4. Upstream distributor 30 5. Downstream collector 6. Raw water inlet line 7. Filtered water outlet line 6 8. Backwash water inlet line 9. Wastewater discharge line 10. Inlet pressure receiving point 11. Outlet pressure receiving point 12. First pressure transmission line 5 13. Second pressure transmission line 14. Differential pressure sensing housing 15. High-pressure chamber 16. Low pressure chamber 17. Flexible mechanical diaphragm 10 18. Diaphragm actuator shaft 19. Pressure threshold spring 20. Pressure threshold adjustment mechanism 21. Mechanical trigger latch 22. Latch release lever 15 23. Pilot control valve 24. Pilot pressure channel 25. Hydraulic drive chamber 26. Hydraulic drive piston 27. Piston return spring 20 28. Main flow diverter valve body 29. Movable flow guide slider 30. Mechanical motion transmission linkage 31. Step-by-step positioning mechanism 32. Filtration position support 25 33. Backwash position support 34. Hydraulic delay chamber 35. Adjustable flow restriction element 36. End-of-cycle pressure sensing line 37. Automatic filtration mode return mechanism 30 38. Manual engagement and release lever. Description of the Invention: 7 The invention describes the formation of a filter due to contamination that occurs over time. by directly converting differential pressure into hydraulic-mechanical control motion any electric motor, electronic control unit, electric actuator or external a system that automatically performs the backwash cycle without using an energy source It is a filter control system. The system ensures the filtration process continues uninterrupted under normal operating conditions for 5 hours. This allows us to maintain the level of fouling occurring in the filter bed. It automatically starts the backwash cycle when it reaches this point and after the cycle is complete It then returns to normal filtration mode. The invention is an automatic backwashing sand filter system (1), consisting mainly of a filter tank (2), Filtration media (3) located inside the filter tank (2), top flow distributor (4), bottom flow 10 collector (5), raw water inlet line (6), filtered water outlet line (7), backwash water inlet line (8), wastewater discharge line (9), differential pressure sensing system, hydraulic control It consists of the system and the main flow routing mechanism. These components together It automatically switches between the filtration cycle and the backwashing cycle by working It creates an integrated hydraulic-mechanical control architecture. 15 The filter tank (2) holds the filtration medium (3) and is suitable for operation under pressure. It has a closed body structure manufactured in this way. The filtration medium (3) is the application. Depending on its properties, quartz sand, silica-based filter material, or similar granular material can be used. It can be formed from filtration materials. Filtration medium (3), fluid by retaining suspended solids, sediments and pollutants inside 20 It performs the purification of the fluid. The fluid taken into the filter tank (2) via the raw water inlet line (6) is transferred to the top flow distributor. The filtration medium (3) is distributed homogeneously over the surface via (4). Upstream its distributor (4) prevents the filtration medium (3) from concentrating in certain areas of the flow. ensuring that all of it is used efficiently and a balanced 25 throughout the filter bed. It creates a flow profile. The fluid flowing downwards through the filtration medium (3) filters out solid particles. The fluid is cleaned and filtered as a result of being retained by the material in the downstream stream. It is collected by the collector (5). The downstream collector (5) collects the filtered fluid. It ensures even extraction from the filter bed, and also backwashing 30 It also allows the flow to be evenly distributed across the filter bed in the reverse direction during the cycle. It provides. 8 The cleaned fluid flows through the bottom flow collector (5) to the filtered water outlet line (7) It is directed and sent to the point of use. As the filtration process continues... The amount of pollutants retained in the filtration medium (3) increases and consequently The hydraulic resistance of the filter bed gradually increases. The hydraulic resistance... As a result of the increase, the pressure on the raw water inlet line (6) and the filtered water outlet line 5 A differential pressure develops between the pressure on side (7) that grows over time. This invention uses differential pressure solely for monitoring purposes. not in use, the primary control energy that initiates the entire backwash cycle of the system It is considered as such. When the backwash cycle needs to be initiated, the system automatically adjusts the flow path to 10. It rearranges it. In this case, the backwash water inlet line (8) through the filter The fluid directed to the tank (2) passes through the bottom flow collector (5) to the filtration medium (3) is transmitted to the lower part and moves in the opposite direction of normal filtration. It loosens the filter bed and separates accumulated pollutants from the filter material. Pollutants separated from the filtration medium are transported to the upper region by counterflow and 15 The wastewater is removed from the system via the wastewater discharge line (9). Thus, filtration Hydraulic permeability close to the first operating characteristic by cleaning the environment (3) again. It is brought to its value. The system completely filters the transition between normal filtration and backwashing cycles. This is carried out based on the naturally occurring differential pressure within it. This 20 Differential pressure sensing and hydraulic control mechanism, filter developed for this purpose. by continuously evaluating pressure changes at the inlet and outlet, any Backwashing without the need for electrical sensing or electronic control elements. It is configured to start the cycle automatically. Continuous monitoring of the differential pressure occurring within the filter is possible. 25 For the purpose of the inlet pressure receiving point (10) on the raw water inlet line (6), filtered water On the outlet line (7), the outlet pressure receiving point (11) is created. Inlet pressure The receiving point (10) represents the fluid pressure before it enters the filtration medium (3). while doing so, the outlet pressure receiving point (11) is the fluid after passing through the filtration medium (3). It represents the pressure that occurs in the filter bed during the filtration process. The incoming pressure loss is made directly measurable. Inlet pressure receiving point (10), differential through first pressure transmission line (12) While connected to the pressure sensing body (14), the output pressure receiving point (11) is the second 9 It is connected to the same trunk via the pressure transmission line (13). First pressure transmission line (12) and the second pressure transmission line (13) in sections that will not affect the main flow rate of the fluid. It is being created and only the pressure information is transmitted to the differential pressure sensing body. (14) ensures transmission. Thus, the system can transmit the main filtration flow without interruption. A continuous pressure comparison is carried out inside. 5 Differential pressure sensing body (14), high pressure chamber (15) and low pressure It has a closed body structure containing the chamber (16). First pressure inlet pressure from transmission line (12) to high pressure chamber (15), second pressure transmission The outlet pressure from the line (13) is transmitted to the low pressure chamber (16). Thus The actual differential pressure generated on the filtration medium (3) is the high pressure chamber (15) 10 It is continuously generated between the low pressure chamber (16). Flexible mechanical diaphragm between high pressure chamber (15) and low pressure chamber (16) (17) is located. The flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) depends on the pressure difference between the two chambers. It can undergo elastic deformation and its differential pressure is linear mechanical. It forms the basic sensing element that converts motion. The filter bed is clean 15 high pressure chamber (15) and low pressure chamber (16) under working conditions Since the pressure difference between them remains at a low level, the flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) It maintains its initial position. As the filtration process progresses, the amount of pollutants retained in the filtration medium (3) It is increasing, and consequently, the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures is growing. 20 As the differential pressure approaches the specified level, the high pressure chamber (15) and the low pressure chamber The balance of forces between the pressure chamber (16) and the flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) changes. It moves in a controlled manner towards the low pressure chamber (16). This movement, It occurs in direct proportion to the magnitude of the differential pressure and any Obtained entirely by mechanical principles without the need for an electrical measuring element. 25 is being done. The movement of the flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) is via the diaphragm actuator shaft (18). mechanical control elements outside the differential pressure sensing housing (14) The diaphragm actuator shaft (18) transmits the linear movement of the diaphragm without loss. It is mounted in such a way as to transmit the movement precisely, ensuring 30% accuracy throughout the system's service life. It is configured to facilitate the transfer. The diaphragm actuator shaft (18) is held under counterforce by the pressure threshold spring (19). The pressure threshold spring (19) activates only when the system reaches a specified differential pressure level. It forms the balancing element that enables its operation. This occurs in the filter bed. Normal operating pressure variations are counteracted by the pressure threshold spring (19) Due to the force, it is not sufficient to initiate the backwash cycle. Thus, temporarily... This prevents pressure fluctuations from accidentally triggering the system. Preload force of the pressure threshold spring (19), pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20) 5 It can be changed via the pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20), different filter diameters, Which backwash cycle is suitable for different flow rates and different filtration applications? It allows setting the starting point to be the differential pressure value. Thus The same hydraulic-mechanical control system can easily adapt to different operating conditions. It is adaptable. 10 When the differential pressure exceeds the resistance force created by the pressure threshold spring (19) The diaphragm actuator shaft (18) activates the mechanical trigger lever (21). The mechanical trigger latch (21) keeps the system stable in its normal filtration position. It forms the locking element that ensures it is held in place and is only used in the specified areas. It is released when the differential pressure level is reached. 15 To release the mechanical trigger latch (21), use the latch release lever (22) It enables the operation of the pilot control valve (23) through the pilot control valve. (23) is the first control element of the hydraulic control chain used in the system. The mechanical motion obtained from differential pressure is converted into a hydraulic control signal. It transforms the mechanical sensing system and the hydraulic drive system. Reliable and direct motion transmission is ensured. With the change of position of the pilot control valve (23), the pilot pressure channel (24) The hydraulic control pressure created through it is transferred to the main hydraulic drive mechanism. is transmitted. From this stage onwards, the backwash cycle is initiated and the main flow is transmitted. The steering system is operated entirely using hydraulic power. 25 This is achieved through hydraulic control generated by the pilot control valve. The pressure is transmitted gradually to the hydraulic actuator mechanism, and the instantaneous pressure a controlled way to limit the impact effects that may result from the changes This creates a pressure increase. Thus, the main flow is diverted. This ensures that the mechanism operates more stably and reliably. Pilot 30 The control system will receive only the required control pressure from the main flow line. It is being configured so that the main filtration flow passes through the hydraulic control circuit. This prevents the hydraulic control loop and the main filtration loop from being separated. 11 They are functionally separate, increasing control sensitivity while improving filtration performance. It is protected. The hydraulic control pressure transmitted through the pilot pressure channel (24) is the hydraulic actuator. It is directed to the hydraulic drive chamber (25). The hydraulic drive chamber (25) is directed from the pilot control valve. (23) Hydraulic drive that converts incoming pressure energy into linear mechanical motion 5 It houses its piston (26). It is located inside the hydraulic drive chamber (25). The directed fluid pressure exerts an axial force on the hydraulic drive piston (26). This allows the piston to move in a controlled manner. The hydraulic drive piston (26) is continuously started by the piston return spring (27). It is forced to return to its position. Created by the pilot control valve (23) 10 when the hydraulic pressure exceeds the counterforce created by the piston return spring (27) The hydraulic drive piston (26) moves in the working direction. Pilot pressure is removed. With its lifting, the piston return spring (27) first releases the hydraulic drive piston (26). by returning it to its original position, preparing the system for the filtration cycle again. It provides. 15 The linear motion of the hydraulic drive piston (26) is linked by the mechanical motion transmission link. (30) through the main flow diverting valve body (28) moving movable The flow is transmitted to the flow guide slider (29). Mechanical motion transmission linkage (30), A mechanism that enables the lossless conversion of piston movement into sliding motion. It forms the connecting element. 20 Main flow diverter valve body (28), during filtration and backwashing cycles A valve is a hydraulic control element that allows fluid to be directed to different lines. movable flow guiding slide (29) that moves linearly inside its body (28), It changes the direction of flow by selectively opening and closing different flow channels. Thus The flow path is automatic within the system without requiring any external valve control. It is being redesigned accordingly. The operation of the movable flow guiding slider. Their surfaces are designed to provide a watertight seal between flow paths, between the filtration and backwash lines during the repositioning of the slide It prevents uncontrolled flow from occurring. Thus, it ensures reliability between operating cycles. Flow direction is achieved. The axial 30 of the movable flow direction slider. The mechanical guidance generated throughout its movement prevents the slider from deviating off-axis. It ensures even contact between working surfaces. Thus, for a long time Flow direction accuracy can be maintained even with prolonged use. 12 In the normal filtration cycle, the movable flow guide slide (29), raw water inlet line While keeping the flow path between (6) and filter tank (2) open, the filtered water outlet It connects the line (7) to the normal working line. Simultaneously backwashing The water inlet line (8) and the wastewater discharge line (9) are kept in the closed position. Thus The fluid passes only through the filtration medium (3) and completes the normal filtration process. 5 It is carrying out. The flow direction changes as the differential pressure reaches the specified level. The slider (29) is positioned in the direction of the movement created by the hydraulic drive piston (26). It alters the flow path. As a result of this movement, the normal filtration flow path is closed while returning. The connection between the washing water inlet line (8) and the filter tank (2) is opened, at the same time 10 The wastewater discharge line (9) is connected to the system. Thus, the fluid is filtered. The backwashing process is automatically performed by sending the contents into the filter bed in the reverse direction according to the cycle. It is initiated as follows. The operating positions of the movable flow guide slider (29) are stepped. It is precisely limited by the positioning mechanism (31). 15 The gradual positioning mechanism (31) keeps the shoot in intermediate positions. by ensuring complete filtration or complete backwashing in every cycle. This ensures that the flow paths are partially formed during the transition. pressure losses and performance degradation that may result from leaving it open is prevented. 20 The stepped positioning mechanism (31) is back with the filtration position support (32). It operates between the washing position support (33). Filtration position support (32), the final position of the movable flow guide slider (29) in the normal operating cycle When determining the backwash position, the support (33) is during the backwash cycle. It defines the final working position that needs to be reached. Thus, both studies 25 The mode is implemented mechanically within precise limits. In order to ensure that the backwash cycle continues stably for a specific period of time. The hydraulic delay chamber (34) is used. The hydraulic delay chamber (34) is used by the pilot by preventing the sudden release of the control pressure of the hydraulic drive piston (26) It ensures that the working position is maintained for a certain period of time. Thus, the differential pressure is 30. Even if the level decreases quickly, the backwashing process is not interrupted and the filter... It is possible to clean the bed to an adequate level. 13 The filling and emptying characteristic of the hydraulic delay chamber (34) can be adjusted by flow. It is regulated by the restricting element (35). The adjustable flow restricting element (35), by allowing the hydraulic fluid to pass through at controlled speeds, the backwashing cycle The duration is optimized according to the filter capacity, operating pressure, and application conditions. It enables this. 5 End-of-cycle pressure sensing line after completion of backwash cycle. (36) enables the reassessment of the pressure conditions inside the filter. When the differential pressure decreases with the cleaning of the filtration medium (3), the cycle Hydraulic status obtained via end pressure sensing line (36), automatic filtration It activates the return mechanism (37) to the mode. Thus, the pilot control valve (23) 10 control pressure on the hydraulic drive chamber (25) when returning to the initial working position It is lifted in a controlled manner and the piston return spring (27) hydraulic drive piston (26) brings it back to the starting position. Mechanical movement occurs as the hydraulic drive piston (26) returns to its starting position. The movable flow routing slider (29) is re-15 via the transfer link (30). It is transferred to the filtration position. Thus, the wastewater is transferred to the backwash inlet line (8). discharge line (9) is closed, raw water inlet line (6) and filtered water outlet line (7) The normal filtration flow path between them is recreated. The system completes this process. ready for a new filtration cycle without requiring any operator intervention. It is coming. 20 Initial system startup, maintenance procedures, or recovery when necessary. Manual activation to allow the washing cycle to be started by the user. and release lever (38) are provided. Manual engagement and release The lever (38) can be manually operated only when necessary to control the hydraulic-mechanical chain. This allows for operation, and during normal operation, the entire system cycle is 25. Fully automatic, depending on the differential pressure naturally occurring within the filter. This is done in this way. Differential pressure sensing mechanism during system initial commissioning. It is in the initial equilibrium position, flexible mechanical diaphragm, pressure threshold spring. It is balanced by this, the pilot control valve is held in its normal operating position and 30 hydraulic drive mechanism without being subjected to any control pressure It is ready and waiting for the filtration cycle. This initial state is the system's 14 It operates in stable filtration mode until differential pressure is established. It provides. At the beginning of the filtration process, the movable flow guide slider (29), filtration Its location is on the support (32) and the raw water inlet line (6) and filter tank (2) keep the flow path open between the backwash water inlet line (8) and the wastewater discharge line (9) 5 It keeps it in the closed position. In this operating condition, the raw water enters the filter tank (2). is taken, through the top flow distributor (4) into the filtration medium (3) in a homogeneous manner. is distributed and after being cleaned by passing through the filtration medium (3) downstream The filtered water is conveyed through the collector (5) to the outlet line (7). As the filtration process continues, suspended solids and other contaminants are removed from the filtration medium. (3) is kept inside, and consequently the hydraulic resistance of the filtration medium is gradually reduced. It is increasing. With the increase in hydraulic resistance, the raw water inlet line (6) side As the pressure increases, the pressure on the filtered water outlet line (7) side decreases, and thus The differential pressure across the filter bed is constantly increasing. The increasing differential pressure is between the inlet pressure receiving point (10) and the outlet pressure receiving point 15 First pressure transmission line (12) and second pressure transmission line (13) respectively via (11) High pressure is transmitted to the differential pressure sensing body (14) via this means. The pressure difference created between chamber (15) and low pressure chamber (16) is flexible mechanical. by deforming the diaphragm (17) the diaphragm actuator shaft (18) It passes through. The differential pressure threshold is determined by the pressure threshold arc (19) 20 When the value is exceeded, the mechanical trigger lever (21) is released and the pilot The control valve (23) is operated. By changing the position of the pilot control valve (23), the pilot pressure channel (24) is activated. Pressurized fluid is directed to the hydraulic drive chamber (25), and the resulting hydraulic force It moves the hydraulic drive piston (26). The hydraulic drive piston (26) 25 linear motion through mechanical motion transmission linkage (30) moving flow The flow is transferred to the guiding slide (29) and the main flow to the guiding valve body (28) The flow paths within it are being rearranged. Backwash water inlet line (8) filter with rearrangement of flow paths It is connected to the tank (2), the wastewater discharge line (9) is opened and fluid filtration 30 The filtration medium (3) is passed through in the opposite direction of flow. Reverse flow Thanks to this, pollutants accumulated in the filtration medium (3) are loosened, filter It is separated from its material and discharged out of the system via the wastewater discharge line (9). is removed. Thus, the filtration medium (3) is cleaned and re-cleaned to a high standard. The permeability value is reached. As a result of the backwashing process, in the filter bed The filtration material, which was in a compressed state, regains its homogeneous structure. The flow channels within the filter media are balanced for the next filtration cycle. Suitable hydraulic permeability is re-established. Thus, the next filtration is 5 By ensuring that the cycle is entered with a lower initial differential pressure, the system Normal work efficiency is being restored. Flow adjustable via hydraulic delay chamber (34) during backwash cycle. The limiting element (35) controls the control pressure on the hydraulic drive chamber (25) to a certain degree. backwash position support of the movable flow guiding slide (29) by maintaining the time 10 (33) ensures that it remains stable. Thus, the backwashing process, sufficient time without being affected by sudden changes that may occur in differential pressure It continues throughout. As a result of cleaning the filtration medium (3), the differential on the filter bed The pressure is falling again. The end-of-cycle pressure detected by the sensing line (36) is 15 This new pressure condition activates the automatic filtration mode return mechanism (37). As a result, the pilot control valve (23) returns to its initial position, The control pressure on the hydraulic drive chamber (25) is released in a controlled manner. and piston return spring (27) returns the hydraulic drive piston (26) to its initial position. It brings. 20 The return movement of the hydraulic drive piston (26) mechanical power transmission linkage (30) via the movable flow guide slider (29) re-filtration position It carries it to its base (32). Thus, the backwash water inlet line (8) and the wastewater discharge between raw water inlet line (6) and filtered water outlet line (7) when line (9) is closed The normal flow path is recreated. After this stage, the system can proceed in any 25... It starts a new filtration cycle without requiring user intervention. Manual activation and release lever (38), for maintenance, initial commissioning, testing or under exceptional operating conditions, the user of the hydraulic-mechanical control mechanism This allows it to be operated by [the relevant authority]. Under normal operating conditions, however, it returns... The initiation, continuation, and termination of the washing cycle are entirely controlled by filter 30. hydraulic and mechanical systems derived from naturally occurring differential pressure. It is carried out with force. 16 Within the scope of the invention, the differential pressure sensing housing (14), the operating pressure of the system, Different volumes depending on flow rate capacity and the filtration application to be used. It can be produced in geometries. Similarly, high pressure chamber (15) and low pressure chamber (15) The volumes of the pressure chamber (16) are rearranged in such a way as to change the pressure sensing sensitivity. It can be sized. Thus, 5 different capacities can be produced while maintaining the same operating principle. It is compatible with various filtration systems. Flexible mechanical diaphragm (17), elastomer-based materials, composite diaphragm from their structures, metal bellows or different mechanical structures that allow elastic deformation It can be produced from separating elements. The diaphragm movement shaft (18) is linear or It can be created with different mechanical connections suitable for articulated motion transmission. 10 These changes do not alter the fundamental operating principle of the invention. Pressure threshold spring (19) compression spring, disc spring, leaf spring with different spring coefficients or can be constructed from equivalent elastic elements. Pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20) is a screw adjustment mechanism, stepped adjustment system, eccentric adjustment element or This can be achieved using similar mechanical preloading mechanisms. Thus, 15 Differential pressure value at which the backwash cycle will be initiated in the system It can be adjusted according to your needs. Pilot control valve (23) can be a gate valve or a seat valve depending on the application requirements. in the form of valves, poppet valves or equivalent hydraulic pilot control elements It can be realized. 20 operating inside the main flow diverter valve body (28) The movable flow guiding slide (29) has a linear moving slide structure. This can be achieved using a rotary type flow guiding element or equivalent flow control. It can also be generated through various mechanisms. The important thing is to obtain it from differential pressure. The flow paths are automatically reshaped by the hydraulic-mechanical movement that is generated. It is the direction. 25 Hydraulic drive chamber (25), hydraulic drive piston (26), piston return spring (27), hydraulic delay chamber (34) and adjustable flow restriction element (35), system Depending on its capacity, it has different dimensions, stroke lengths, and operating pressure values. These elements can be designed by changing their geometric dimensions or using equivalents. The use of hydraulic mechanisms does not alter the essence of the invention. 30 The automatic filtration mode return mechanism (37) restores the hydraulic pressure balance. with different connection arrangements that will provide mechanical return depending on its formation This can be accomplished with a manual engagement and release lever. 17 (38) can be produced in different ergonomic designs for maintenance and emergency use. Manual operation only when necessary, without interfering with the system's automatic operating principle. It provides remote control capability. The invention is intended for use solely in swimming pool sand filters. It is not limited. Provided that the same hydraulic-mechanical operating principle is maintained, 5 pressure sand filters, activated carbon filters, multimedia filters, industrial process filters, agricultural irrigation filtration systems, drinking water treatment plants, wastewater treatment also in pressurized fluid filtration systems and similar applications. It is applicable. The type of filtration medium (3), the geometry of the filter tank (2) or Even if the system capacity changes, the differential pressure's hydraulic-mechanical control energy remains at 10. The working principle based on the transformation process is preserved. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to: Not limited to water-based fluids, but different processes with similar filtration principles. In the filtration of fluids, the working pressure and material selection are also important in the application. It can be used provided it is determined appropriately. The same operating principle is maintained. With this registration, the system can use filters with vertical axis, horizontal axis or different geometric arrangements. 15 They can be configured to be applied to their bodies. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the application examples described, but also to those defined in the claims. provided that it stays within the technical specifications, by experts in the field. different structural arrangements that can be developed, equivalent mechanical solutions, hydraulics It also includes control elements and application variations. 20 Converting differential pressure directly into mechanical motion results in measured pressure. the information directly from hydraulic-mechanical sources without undergoing any electronic processing. This ensures that the data is transferred to the control chain. Thus, external components are required for the system to operate. electrical energy, electronic control unit, sensors, electromechanical actuators or similar electronic control elements are not needed; measurement, decision 25 The actuation, triggering, and control processes are seamlessly integrated within the same hydraulic-mechanical cycle. This is implemented by eliminating the intermediate converter elements in the system. simplifying its architecture, reducing the likelihood of failure, and lowering maintenance requirements. and increases operational reliability. Thanks to this, the backwashing cycle ensures efficiency within the filter. Hydraulic and mechanical energy obtained from naturally occurring differential pressure 30 using reliable, repeatable and independent of external energy sources It can be accomplished. 18 The pressure threshold spring (19) and the pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20) working together thanks to the backwash cycle being performed only at a predetermined differential pressure. This ensures that it is initiated at the level. This structure prevents problems that may occur during operation. from short-term flow rate changes or temporary pressure fluctuations This prevents unwanted triggers that may occur. Thus, backwashing 5 The procedure is only performed when the filtration medium (3) really needs to be cleaned This is done in certain situations. Hydraulic delay chamber (34) and adjustable flow restriction element (35) together Thanks to the hydraulic timing structure it creates, the backwash cycle is completed within a specified time. This arrangement can be maintained consistently throughout. This backwashing process 10 If the differential pressure drops rapidly shortly after the cycle starts, the cycle ends prematurely. to prevent termination and to ensure that the filtration medium (3) is cleaned to an adequate level. It makes it possible. The stepped positioning mechanism of the movable flow guiding slider (29) (31), with filtration position support (32) and backwash position support (33) 15 Thanks to its limitations, the flow routing process can be repeated in each cycle. This is done with precision. This structure ensures that the shoot remains in intermediate positions. this prevents the filtration and backwashing lines from remaining partially open at the same time. This is prevented, thus preserving hydraulic efficiency. Return to automatic filtration mode with end-of-cycle pressure sensing line (36) 20 After the backwash cycle is completed as a result of the combined operation of the mechanism (37) Then the system returns to normal without requiring any operator intervention. It switches to filtration mode. This automatic return process creates a new differential pressure. The system's normal filtration function continues uninterrupted until the cycle is completed. It ensures its continuation. 25 The hydraulic-mechanical control architecture described in the invention allows for the differential pressure to be controlled only. It is no longer a monitored parameter but directly manages the backwash cycle. It is based on the principle of converting mechanical and hydraulic control energy. Thus The hydraulic energy naturally generated within the filter does not require any external power source. Sensing, triggering, flow steering, backwashing and refiltration without using 30 It is evaluated in a way that will perform all the return-to-mode operations. Consequently, the invention directly utilizes the differential pressure that naturally occurs within the filter. converting hydraulic-mechanical control energy into backwashing cycle 19 an integrated control architecture that automatically initiates, maintains, and completes It offers this without the need for any external energy source. detection, triggering, flow redirection, backwashing, and return to refiltration mode. The operations are carried out within a single hydraulic-mechanical system. Thus Differential pressure sensing, conversion to control energy, flow 5 The processes of redirecting and returning the system to filtration mode are performed in a single operation. It is carried out within an integrated hydraulic-mechanical cycle. Industrial Application of the Invention: The system described in the invention is based on existing manufacturing processes for use in pressurized filtration systems. It can be produced using various techniques. During the production phase, the filter housing is hydraulically 10 control elements, mechanical motion transmission components and flow guidance The mechanisms are manufactured from suitable materials and assembled together in an integrated manner. The system is assembled and then connected to the pressurized fluid line. commissioning without the need for any additional electronic control units It can be obtained. The system can be integrated into newly manufactured filtration units. 15 It is a modular control that can be manufactured and adapted to existing pressurized sand filters. It can also be implemented in the form of a single unit. The modular structure of the system allows for filters in existing facilities. suitable fasteners without the need to completely replace the body This allows for subsequent integration into existing filtration systems. It can provide. 20 During normal operation, the filtration process involves passing the fluid through a filter medium. This is being carried out. As the filtration process progresses, substances accumulate in the filter media. The differential pressure increases due to the pollutants, and this pressure difference affects the system. backwashing by directly actuating the hydraulic-mechanical control mechanism. It automatically starts the cycle. After the backwashing process is complete, 25 The system will stop working as soon as the differential pressure returns to its normal level. It automatically switches to filtration mode without requiring user intervention and the new The work cycle continues. The system requires electrical energy, an electronic control unit, and software-based control to operate. The system requires time relays or electromechanical control elements. 30 It is not heard. This allows for maintenance, especially in areas where there is no electrical infrastructure. where resources are limited or high operational reliability is required Uninterrupted and reliable operation can be ensured in the applications. The invention is applicable to swimming pool filtration systems, drinking water treatment plants, and industrial applications. activated carbon in process water filtration systems, agricultural irrigation filtration units. in filters, multimedia filters, sand filters, process water recovery in facilities, cooling water systems, seawater pre-treatment plants and pressurized water treatment plants 5 in all similar fluid filtration applications that operate on the filtration principle It can be used. Different capacities, flow rates, and other options are available while maintaining the same operating principle. It can be easily adapted to systems with operating pressure. The mechanical and hydraulic components included in the invention are made of stainless steel, carbon steel. steel, aluminum alloys, cast materials, engineering plastics, composites It can be produced using materials or similar industrial-grade materials. Production 10 processes include casting, machining, sheet metal forming, welding, injection molding, and This can be achieved through similar common production methods, and the system is suitable for mass production. It has a suitable structure. Thanks to these features, the invention can be easily integrated into existing pressurized filtration systems. adaptable, suitable for different applications, mass-producible and 15 an industrially applicable hydraulic-mechanical automatic backwashing system It offers this. The system directly utilizes the differential pressure that naturally occurs within the filter. By using it as a control energy source, operational reliability is increased, and maintenance is improved. The need is reduced and external energy requirements are eliminated, resulting in a long lifespan. A sustainable filtration solution is obtained. 20

Claims

21 REQUESTS 1. Hydraulically-mechanically controlled system that performs automatic backwashing via pressure difference. sand filter system (1); filter tank (2), located inside filter tank (2) filtration medium (3), raw water inlet line (6), filtered water outlet line (7), return Washing water inlet line (8), waste water discharge line (9), filter inlet and filter outlet 5 differential pressure sensing to detect the differential pressure that occurs between them The body (14) is flexible, which converts the differential pressure into mechanical motion. mechanical diaphragm (17) and diaphragm actuator shaft (18), backwash cycle pressure threshold spring (19) which determines the differential pressure level at which it will be initiated and pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20), mechanical trigger latch (21), latch 10 release lever (22), pilot control valve (23), pilot pressure channel (24), hydraulic drive chamber (25), hydraulic drive piston (26), main flow redirection valve body (28), movable flow guiding slide (29), mechanical motion transmission including the connection (30) and the automatic filtration mode return mechanism (37), The differential 15 that occurs between the filter inlet and filter outlet during the filtration process. pressure is controlled by the pressure threshold spring (19) and the pressure threshold adjustment mechanism (20). Upon reaching the determined threshold value, the flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) the direct conversion of that mechanical motion, via the mechanical trigger latch (21) and latch release lever (22) to operate the pilot control valve (23), pilot control valve (23) and pilot pressure 20 hydraulic control pressure created through channel (24) hydraulic drive mechanical power transmission link (30) by activating its piston (26) by controlling the movable flow control slider (29) Enabling automatic switching between the filtration cycle and the backwashing cycle, and Following the completion of the backwashing process, the system's automatic filtration 25 Any electric motor, via the return mode mechanism (37), electronic control unit, electric actuator, external power source or operator Characterized by returning to filtration mode without requiring any intervention. is being done.

2. Hydraulic-30 performing automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; raw water inlet line (6) inlet pressure receiving point (10) and filtered water outlet line (7) The outlet pressure receiving point (11) located on it, respectively the first pressure transmission differential pressure sensing via line (12) and second pressure transmission line (13) 22 connected to the housing (14) to create the actual differential between the filter inlet and outlet. It is characterized by its ability to provide continuous pressure sensing.

3. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 2. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; differential pressure sensing body (14), high pressure chamber (15) and low pressure chamber (16) 5 having a flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) in the said rooms Linear mechanical motion due to differential pressure, positioned between It is characterized by its formation.

4. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1 or 3. It is a mechanically controlled sand filter system (1), and its feature is that the diaphragm movement shaft is 10 (18) pressure generated by the flexible mechanical diaphragm (17) threshold spring (19), mechanical trigger latch (21) and pilot control valve (23) It is characterized by being structured in a way that allows it to transmit information.

5. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; pressure threshold setting 15 by changing the preloading force of the pressure threshold spring (19) of the mechanism (20). initiating the backwash cycle at different differential pressure values It is characterized by the fact that it provides opportunities.

6. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; pilot control valve 20 (23) controlled via pilot pressure channel (24) to hydraulic drive chamber (25) by transmitting hydraulic control pressure, the hydraulic drive piston (26) in stages It is characterized by its ability to trigger action.

7. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 6. It is a mechanically controlled sand filter system (1), and its feature is that the piston return spring is 25 (27) will apply a continuous return force on the hydraulic drive piston (26). positioned in this way and after the pilot hydraulic pressure is released The hydraulic drive piston (26) automatically returns to its starting position. It is characterized by its ability to rotate.

8. Hydraulic-30 performing automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; movable flow direction hydraulic through the sliding (29), mechanical motion transmission link (30) main flow in the direction of the linear motion it receives from the drive piston (26) By changing position inside the steering valve body (28) through the filtration cycle 23 by automatically redirecting flow between backwash cycles It is characterized by...

9. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 8. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; movable flow direction The stepped positioning mechanism of the working positions of the slider (29) 5 (31), filtration position support (32) and backwash position support (33) It is characterized by being precisely limited by [the system / regulation].

10. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is hydraulic delay chamber (34) and adjustable flow restriction element (35), pilot hydraulic flow 10 by limiting the flow rate, the movement of the hydraulic drive piston (26) It is characterized by its ability to determine speed.

11. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 10. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is hydraulic delay hydraulic flow through the chamber (34), adjustable flow restriction element (35) 15 The duration of the backwash cycle can be adjusted by limiting the speed. It is characterized by its determination.

12. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; end cycle pressure hydraulic 20 following the completion of the backwash cycle of the sensing line (36). It switches to automatic filtration mode by detecting changes in control pressure. It is characterized by activating its mechanism (37).

13. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 12. It is a mechanically controlled sand filter system (1), and its feature is automatic filtration. the return mode mechanism (37), from the end-of-cycle pressure sensing line (36) 25 Depending on the hydraulic control information it receives, the pilot control valve (23), hydraulic re-drive piston (26) and movable flow guide slide (29) It is characterized by being designed in a way that will allow it to transition to a filtration state.

14. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is manual commissioning and 30 Maintenance of the release lever (38) without waiting for differential pressure to form, During testing or initial operation, the backwash cycle is manually activated. It is characterized by its ability to allow the initiation or termination of certain actions. 24 15. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; upper flow distributor (4), The fluid coming from the raw water inlet line (6) is homogeneously placed on the filtration medium (3). distributing in this way, the downstream collector (5) is for filtration and backwashing by ensuring the balanced collection and distribution of flow in its cycles 5 It is characterized by...

16. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. It is a mechanically controlled sand filter system (1), and its feature is mechanical movement transmission. connection (30), hydraulic drive piston (26) and movable flow direction 10 to provide linear mechanical force transfer between the slide (29) It is characterized by its creation.

17. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 3. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; flexible mechanical diaphragm (17), formed between the high pressure chamber (15) and the low pressure chamber (16). 15 to generate linear motion depending on differential pressure positioning and pressure threshold spring (19) via diaphragm actuator shaft (18) Mechanical triggering occurs if the threshold force determined by the system is exceeded. It is characterized by being designed to release its latch (21).

18. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is; pilot control valve (23), 20 hydraulic drive chamber (25), hydraulic drive piston (26) and moving flow guide the differential pressure created between the filter inlet and filter outlet of the slide (29) They operate by means of hydraulic control pressure created by connecting them to each other. It is characterized by its formation through connection.

19. Hydraulic-25 performing automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 10. mechanically controlled sand filter system (1) and its feature is hydraulic delay the internal volume of the chamber (34) and the flow cross-section of the adjustable flow restriction element (35) created in a way that can be adjusted independently of each other, and these elements... The pilot hydraulic drive chamber will control the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid together with the hydraulic flow. (25) is characterized by its arrangement in fluid contact. 30 20. Hydraulic system that performs automatic backwashing by pressure difference according to claim 1. It is a mechanically controlled sand filter system (1), and its feature is manual commissioning and The mechanism for returning the release lever (38) to the automatic filtration mode (37) and mechanically interacting with the mechanical trigger latch (21) by creating a system that can be manually switched to a backwash cycle when desired. to be taken and returned to the filtration position at the end of the cycle It is characterized by the fact that it provides opportunities.

Images