A HYDROGEL WOUND DRESSING

Abstract

The invention is an antibacterial macroporous hydrogel wound dressing (3). The hydrogel wound dressing (3) has a macroporous structure (35) containing at least one gelatin (31) and at least one polyethyleneimine (32) which provides antibacterial properties.

Description

1 1 TARIFF A HYDROGEL WOUND DRESSING TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to an antibacterial macroporous hydrogel wound dressing. 5 PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Current treatments are used for acute and chronic wounds, particularly pressure injuries. Wound dressings are examined in two main groups: traditional and modern wound dressings. Traditional wound dressings consist of materials such as gauze and bandages, and are only physically... 10 It acts as a barrier, unable to regulate the moisture balance of the wound and hindering wound healing. It does not actively contribute to the process. Modern wound dressings, on the other hand, are made of hydrocolloid, alginate, and foam. It includes transparent film and hydrogel-based products, supporting moist wound healing. It offers advantages such as absorbing exudate and allowing gas exchange. However, Most of these modern coverings used in current technology are standard square or rectangular, like 15 They are produced in two-dimensional geometric shapes and with specific thicknesses. However, pressure... injuries, particularly those occurring on bony prominences such as the sacrum, heel, and hip, are irregular. They are developing as three-dimensional spaces with depth and volume. This situation is different from the standard two This is because three-dimensional wound dressings cannot completely fill these irregular wound spaces, and This leads to the presence of dead spaces between the wound bed and the dressing material where there is no contact. This opens up the wound exudate that accumulates in these dead spaces, harboring gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It creates an ideal environment for reproduction and significantly increases the risk of infection. Furthermore, In current technology, it is produced using classical methods such as bulk drying or physical cross-linking. Hydrogel-based wound dressings typically contain pores that are randomly distributed and only microscopic in size. It has a microporous structure that effectively removes the dense exudate that accumulates in the wound area to the outside of the dressing. This prevents proper removal, leading to excessive moisture accumulation, especially in edge bands. This leads to maceration and degeneration of healthy tissues surrounding the wound. This increases the risk of development. Furthermore, this structural limitation is critical for tissue healing. It restricts oxygen diffusion, especially where tissue oxygenation is already inadequate. In pressure injuries, it increases hypoxia, accelerating the deepening of tissue necrosis. 30 In current techniques, the antibacterial property is usually provided by silver ions, or silver impregnated into the wound dressing. This is being attempted through nanoparticles or external antibiotics. However, this In these approaches, the antibacterial agent is released uncontrollably and rapidly into the wound area, It quickly reaches cytotoxic concentrations, affecting healthy granulation tissue. It suppresses its recovery and subsequently causes the effect to wear off rapidly. Furthermore, these 35 These types of systems provide long-term and sustainable protection against bacteria with multidrug resistance. 2 2 It is unable to provide this. Traditional woven or foam-based dressings are insufficient for the healing process. It tends to adhere to the granulation tissue, and this new tissue is removed with each dressing change. The resulting tissue is mechanically damaged, and this damage is called secondary trauma. This leads to delays. In addition, the current technique affects the wound healing process or Infection status can be objectively monitored without removing the dressing using any integrated 5 There are no specific features, therefore clinical evaluation is based entirely on subjective observations. It is resistant and requires frequent dressing changes. Biologically Natural polymers such as gelatin, which exhibit high biocompatibility, are required during the 3D printing process. Because they do not possess the necessary mechanical stability and suitable viscosity in their natural state, the current In this technology, it is not possible to process such materials using additive manufacturing methods, this 10 This is one of the biggest obstacles to producing personalized wound dressings for patients. This constitutes a technical limitation. In light of all these technical limitations, the current technology, especially regarding pressure, In the treatment of deep, irregular, and chronic wounds such as injuries, patient-specific personalized geometric conformity, controlled and regular macroporous structure, sustainable and local antibacterial protection, non-adhesive surface feature and no need for dressing changes 15 It lacks an integrated system that can simultaneously offer monitoring capabilities without interruption. Patent document number US12616716B2 describes dressings used for wound healing. Compositions and formulations are mentioned. The invention involves at least one quaternary amine and 20 containing hydroxyl groups in specific proportions, having a specific quaternary amine-hydroxyl ratio wound dressings consisting of a polymeric component containing polyethyleneimine intermediates and This includes their methods of use. The intermediate product of polyethyleneimine in question, total Quaternary amines are characterized by having a ratio of at least 1:1 to the total hydroxyl groups. In the present invention, polyethyleneimine is combined with gelatin in specific proportions. to create a bioink formulation suitable for bioprinting technology, and this formulation, 25 A regularly structured, macroporous, and three-dimensional hydrogel structure is obtained by layering. The present invention uses polyethyleneimine not only as a polymeric component, but also... synergistic with gelatin, which ensures the structural stability and printability of the bioink. It uses it as a critical structural element that interacts with the environment. Patent document number CN113181421B describes antibacterial and immune-regulating functions. The invention describes a hydrogel wound dressing and its preparation method. hydrogel, hydrogel with loaded black phosphorus nanolayers and folic acid modified It contains polyethyleneimine nanoparticles, folic acid modified polyethyleneimine nanoparticles. It is loaded with MicroRNA-223*. This system enables targeted and controlled release of MicroRNA. 35 It aims to regulate immunity by providing... In the present invention, polyethyleneimine, The entire volume of the hydrogel can be filled without the need for any additional nucleic acid or drug loading. 3 3 It provides an intrinsic antibacterial property throughout and does not contain any nanoparticles or genes. It does not include a carrier system. Furthermore, the present invention, thanks to bioprinting technology, is delivered to the patient. While offering exceptional geometric conformity and macroporosity, this comparable invention exhibits such a structural feature. Personalization and macro-scale pore control are not available. Patent document CN120093967A describes visualizing body fluid saturation. Preparation of a wound dressing with a specific function and the indicator layer used in this dressing. The method is described. The invention consists of an indicator layer and a liquid absorbent layer (polyurethane). (foam) and a contact layer (polysilicone film) with numerous liquid permeability pores It is obtained by successively combining the branches. The indicator layer is 10% branched polyethyleneimine. Nanomicelles are formed by mixing a colloidal solution with an anionic polyurethane solution. Produced by spraying a dispersion onto a transparent polyurethane film, upon contact with liquid. It is a film with varying opacity. In the present invention, however, such a layered structure or liquid saturation is achieved. It does not have a visualization function; its main focus is entirely different. The present invention, A three-dimensional 15-inch wound is created using a bioprinting, single-piece, macroporous hydrogel structure. It is based on filling and providing antibacterial protection. The equivalent invention is 3D. an antibacterial property resulting from printing, macroporosity or the hydrogel itself It is not available. In patent document number CN116808272B, it is stated that the overheating temperature is automatically reduced to 20. an in-situ wound dressing based on smart fibers that can regulate its preparation method and The application is discussed. The invention is based on a carboxylated cellulose nanofiber matrix. chemical properties of temperature-sensitive polymer and near-infrared responsive polyethyleneimine, respectively. by vaccination and then with a thermal agent that responds to near-infrared stimulation. obtained by combining them, 25 in two different temperature ranges: 32-48°C and 48-52°C. It is a membrane that exhibits a graded temperature response. In the present invention, polyethyleneimine is chemically treated. It is not vaccinated; it is directly mixed with gelatin to create bio-ink, and any There is no temperature or light response. Furthermore, the present invention is based on nanofiber or fiber-based materials. Instead of a structure, it offers a three-dimensional, macroporous hydrogel scaffold produced by bioprinting. and acts as a passive antibacterial barrier. 30 Patent document number CN119733081A describes a device used for wound repair. The text discusses polyethyleneimine / polyacrylic acid-based hydrogel and its preparation method. The invention involves a crosslinker for polyacrylic acid with a specific degree of polymerization and a polyacrylic acid group obtained by reacting it with an initiator, an aqueous 35 of a polyethyleneimine It contains a hydrogel system formed by mixing with the solution. This hydrogel, tissue It exhibits properties such as adhesiveness, antibacterial properties, and a suitable swelling rate. Available 4 4 In this invention, the main structural matrix is ​​gelatin, and polyethyleneimine is a mixture with gelatin. It is located there. The equivalent invention does not use gelatin and does not utilize 3D bioprinting technology at all. It is not mentioned. The present invention relates to the natural biocompatibility of gelatin and polyethyleneimine. While combining antibacterial properties, the equivalent invention consists entirely of synthetic polymers. and does not offer a macroporous, bioprintable structure. 5 Patent document CN118161650A describes a drug-loaded graft that promotes epithelialization. Oxide nanoparticle hydrogel wound dressing, preparation method and application. It is mentioned that the invention involves dissolving polyethyleneimine in a graphene oxide nanoparticle solution. addition of a crosslinking agent followed by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) 10 A nanoparticle delivery system that provides sustained drug release, obtained by loading the material. It contains. These nanoparticles are then dispersed in a methacryloyl gelatin solution. Hydrogels are formed by photocross-linking. In the present invention, however, any nanoparticle, There is no growth factor such as graphene oxide or TGF-β. The present invention, Polyethyleneimine is used not as a drug carrier, but directly as an intrinsic antibacterial component of the hydrogel. 15 It is used as such and does not involve any additional drug delivery mechanism. Furthermore, the existing The invention creates a macroporous structure through bioprinting, while the equivalent invention uses photocross bonding. It is produced. Patent document number CN119215214A describes a photothermal-chemical synergistic antibacterial effect of 20%. The invention describes a nanofiber wound dressing and its preparation method. The invention is based on polyvinyl Branched polyethyleneimine is inserted into an electrospinning matrix formed by alcohol and chitosan. Modified graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO-BPEI) as a photothermal antibacterial component. a nanofiber produced by adding lanthanum chloride as a chemical antibacterial component It includes the coating. In the present invention, however, any metal nanoparticle, graphene oxide or 25 No external photothermal stimulator is required. The present invention describes the use of polyethyleneimine. utilizing its local antibacterial effect, which does not require controlled release, The equivalent invention combines two different and external mechanisms: photothermal and chemical. It brings about a macroporous structure produced by bioprinting instead of nanofiber. It has a hydrogel structure. 30 Patent document CN116832203B describes a drug-loaded device with a controllable drug release process. The method for preparing an aerogel wound dressing is described. The invention involves polymer nanofibers. the suspension contains sodium alginate solution, aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine and a crosslinking agent. Shaping a pre-crosslinking solution by molding or spraying method, 35 freeze-drying and then cross-reprocessing in calcium chloride solution It contains an alginate-based aerogel structure obtained by bonding. This aerogel is then It is loaded with medication. However, the present invention does not contain an alginate or aerogel structure. Present The invention produces a solid hydrogel structure from a gelatin / PEI blend using bioprinting technology, while offering an equivalent. The invention uses freeze-drying to create a highly porous but mechanically more brittle material. It offers an aerogel structure. In addition, the present invention uses polyethyleneimine as a structural element. In comparison, polyethyleneimine is only a pre-crosslinking component in the equivalent invention. 5 Patent document CN121197498A describes an mFGA-TC composite nanohydrogel wound dressing. The preparation method and application are described. The invention is based on a solvent-thermal method. synthesized hollow tetrahedral iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles modified with polyethyleneimine electrostatic coating of graphene oxide with an initiator (AIBI) 10 It contains a core-shell structured nanocomposite obtained by loading. This The nanocomposite was then cross-linked with quaternary ammonium chitosan and tannic acid to form a It forms a hydrogel. In the present invention, however, these types of complex metal oxide nanoparticles are combined with graphene. There is no ammonium chitosan, oxide, initiators or quaternary ammonium. The present invention is based on only two A system consisting of a simple mixture of the main polymer (gelatin and PEI) and no additional components. 15 It offers and this system can be processed using bioprinting. Patent document number CN118787775B describes a method that promotes the healing of infected diabetic wounds. The text describes a hydrogel coating and its preparation method. The invention relates to polydopamine. PEI-PDA 20 is obtained by copolymerizing a cationic polymer such as polyethyleneimine. A PEI- copolymer was formed by incorporating it into a methacrylic anhydride gelatin (GelMA) system. It is a hydrogel that utilizes dynamic cross-linking between PDA and GelMA. This hydrogel, It exhibits mechanical properties, tissue adhesion, and self-healing ability. In the present invention, gelatin is used in its unmodified (non-methacrylate) form, and There is no polydopamine copolymerization or dynamic cross-linking involved. 25 The present invention allows for the creation of a system without chemical modifications or complex cross-linking strategies. It offers a bioink that can be physically shaped through direct bioprinting. Patent document number CN119838040B describes tissue adhesive and anti-stain properties. The invention describes a medical dressing and its preparation method. The invention is a hydrophilic hydrogel 30 an adhesive layer and a hydrophobic organosilicon anti-fouling barrier layer It is formed and these two layers are interlocked through inorganic nanoparticles. The adhesive layer is made of polyacrylic acid pre-modified with N-hydroxysuccinimide, combined with polyethyleneimine. from a hydrogel in powder form with high viscosity obtained by mixing It consists of. In the present invention, such a multi-layered, adhesive / anti-fouling barrier 35 It does not have a structure. The present invention is a single-piece, bioprinted hydrogel structure, and It does not require any additional barrier layer or surface modification. 6 6 Patent document number CN115252887B describes Anredera cordifolia for diabetic wounds. From a polysaccharide-based saponin nanodrug composite hydrogel coating and preparation method It is mentioned. The invention is a rare drug for the treatment of diabetes, encapsulated with poloxamer-polyethyleneimine. Preparation of nano-drug micelles containing a ginseng saponin, and its modified 5 Dynamic Schiff base cross-linking with oxidized polysaccharide dissolved in a solution. It involves the formation of a hydrogel through this process. In the present invention, however, any drug The nanocarrier system, polysaccharide, or Schiff base chemistry is not present. The current invention, Direct physical application with bioprintable gelatin / PEI matrix without any additional drug loading. It offers a structure. 10 Patent document CN113304311B describes an environmentally friendly polymer / gold hybrid coat. The preparation method is discussed. The invention starts with the polycurcumin precursor drug, by removing protective groups and capturing gold nanoparticles from the polymer chain A polymer / gold hybrid film was obtained using polyethyleneimine and hexachlorotrifosfazene in a single-pot mixture. a coating system consisting of a hydrogel carrier obtained by this method It includes. In the present invention, gold or any other metal nanoparticles, There are no complex polymers such as poly(organophosphazene) derivatives or polycurcumin. The present invention is based on a simple mixture of a completely natural (gelatin) and a synthetic (PEI) polymer. It is a system that consists of no metals or drugs. 20 Patent document number CN110384818B describes an alginate covering. The invention is 3D. an alginate film obtained by printing technology absorbs fish scale collagen protease solution a collagen / alginate layer formed by the addition of a manganese dioxide layer and silver-loaded a liquid obtained by vulcanizing a mixture of polyethyleneimine and liquid silicone rubber 25 It consists of a three-layered structure, including a silicone rubber layer. These layers are: They are physically and chemically bonded to each other. In the present invention, however, such a multilayered structure not present, and inorganic components such as silver ions or manganese dioxide. It does not contain any antibacterial properties. The present invention is a single-layer, bioprintable hydrogel. Its unique property stems from the fact that it is made of polyethylene, without heavy metals like silver. 30 Patent document CN118121748A describes an injectable cellulose-based photothermal... The invention describes the method of preparing and applying an antibacterial hydrogel coating. a cellulose-based polymer salt solution containing a comonomer, a crosslinker, and polyethyleneimine by adding a pre-polymer solution and preparing it as a tannic acid-iron ion 35 It involves mixing with a complex solution. The resulting hydrogel is a tannic acid-iron mixture. The complex exhibits antibacterial properties thanks to its near-infrared photothermal response. 7 7 In the present invention, any metal ion (iron) or polyphenol requiring a photothermal effect is used. (tannic acid) is not present. The present invention does not require any external stimulus (e.g., laser). It provides passive protection thanks to PEI, an intrinsic antibacterial polymer that is not easily detected. Patent document number CN106693042B describes an antibacterial hydrogel coating and its preparation. The method is described. The invention involves carboxymethyl chitosan and quaternary ammonium. Electrostatic cross-linking of polyethyleneimine followed by cross-linking with sodium alginate. It is a hydrogel created by improving its morphology. This hydrogel has good air permeability and skin-friendly properties. It provides a moist environment thanks to its spreadability. In the present invention, chitosan or alginate, for example... no additional polysaccharides are present and cross-linking occurs not through electrostatic interactions, 10 This is achieved through physical shaping during the bioprinting process. Additionally, existing The invention uses polyethyleneimine directly, not as a quaternary ammonium derivative, and Instead of a randomly porous structure, it creates regularly arranged macropores using 3D printing. Patent document CN110237295B describes an anthocyanin alginate coating. 15 The invention is achieved by bonding a film layer and a fiber network layer together with a medical adhesive. It is a two-layered structure. The film layer is produced by 3D printing, and the fiber network layer is produced by spinning. It is produced using this method, and its fiber network layer contains polyethyleneimine carrying silver ions. The present invention, however, does not contain heavy metals such as silver ions, and such a film / fiber network Instead of a composite structure, a homogeneous hydrogel structure produced by a single bioprinting process 20 It is presented. Patent document number CN114848668B describes promoting wound healing and rapid bleeding. The composition in question has stopping functions. The invention relates to polyethyleneimine and Polyacrylic acid with optional quaternary ammonium chitosan, without any additional cross-linking 25 A strong hydrogel that can form upon contact with water or blood without the need for a binder. It is a powder formulation exhibiting wet-stick properties. The present invention describes such a powder. There is no formulation or immediate hydrogel formation mechanism. The present invention, It is a pre-shaped, bioprinted hydrogel sheet that does not require any modifications upon application. It does not require a chemical reaction. 30 Patent document CN121490091A describes a device that promotes diabetic wound healing. The method and application of preparing functional materials are described. The invention is a surface modification of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine It is a CuS-PEI nanocomposite material. This material exhibits a photothermal effect under near-infrared light. It provides physical sterilization and uses copper ions and hydrogen in a controlled manner in an acidic environment. By releasing sulfur, it provides chemical antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. 8 8 In the present invention, copper sulfide or any metal sulfide is used, either through photothermal effect or controlled ionization. There is no emission. The present invention does not involve any external stimulus (light) or controlled emission. It has a self-activating antibacterial structure that does not require any special mechanism. Patent document number CN111825857B describes a hydrogel, its preparation method, and 5 The application is discussed. The invention uses nanocellulose, polyethyleneimine, and phytic acid as raw materials. and composed of a soluble metal salt, possessing high mechanical strength, conductivity, and its own It involves a hydrogel system with self-healing capabilities. In the present invention, however, nano There are no components such as cellulose, phytic acid, or metal salts. The focus of the present invention is... Not high mechanical strength or conductivity, but customizable geometric shapes through bioprinting. Compatibility, macroporosity, and intrinsic antibacterial properties are key features. Patent document CN115044037B describes a photodegradable hydrogel, its preparation method, and The application is described. The invention involves a small-molecule olefin with a single double bond. as monomer and super water soluble 1-(2-nitro)phenylethyl-acrylate modified polyethyleneimine cross 15 A hydrogel produced by a one-step thermal polymerization method using a binder. This hydrogel exhibits rapid degradation behavior in response to ultraviolet light. It can be easily detached from the wound during secondary dressing changes. However, this is not the case with the present invention. It does not exhibit degradation induced by UV light. The present invention describes photodegradation. Without the need for an external stimulus, thanks to its non-stick surface, the dressing has a low retention rate of 20%. It allows for modification in response to trauma. Patent document number CN112169013B describes a particle stack type biological adhesive. The preparation and application are described. The invention involves attaching a substance to the amino terms of polyethyleneimine. UPy-PEI 25 is obtained by binding uridopyrimidinone (UPy) via diisocyanate. It is a biological adhesive formed by the spontaneous stacking of microparticles. The adhesive adheres strongly to the wound, responds to secretions, and is long-lasting. It exhibits antibacterial trapping capability. In the present invention, however, a microparticle-based approach is used. There is no adhesive system; on the contrary, the present invention provides a non-adhesive surface for dressings. It aims to facilitate the exchange. This fundamental difference in approach separates the two inventions by 30 years. It completely separates them. In patent documents numbered KR20140122151A and KR101406114B1 (common invention family), wound The text describes a production method for hydrogels used in concealers. The invention involves a keratin. To produce a hydrogel using the derivative, a water-soluble polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol) is used with 35 polyethyleneimine is mixed in a keratin solution, and then this mixture is subjected to temperature and pH changes. It involves gelling processes through adjustment. In the present invention, keratin or any 9 9 No keratin derivative is used. The present invention uses gelatin as a structural matrix and It is shaped by bioprinting technology. The equivalent invention involves 3D printing or macroporosity. Such a concept does not exist. Patent document CN120888027A describes a carbon 5 polymerization method based on a front-end polymerization process. Quantum dot gel material, composite film preparation method and application. It is mentioned that the invention includes acrylamide, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and acrylic acid hydroxypropyl ester. hydrogel monomers, carbon quantum dot monomers (citric acid and polyethyleneimine) and a mixing with an oxidizing agent (ammonium persulfate) in the solvent, and then a reducing agent. (TEMED) preparation of a pre-end polymerization solution and heating of this solution with heat 10 This involves polymerization. The resulting gel is then processed using microfluidic electrospinning technology. Combined with a biodegradable polyester material to create a composite film for wound dressings. is being introduced. In the present invention, carbon quantum dots, front-end polymerization, electro- There are no spinning or polyester composites. The present invention involves complex chemicals. 15 by directly bioprinting a physical mixture without the need for polymerization reactions It offers a simpler and more direct system than what is produced. Patent document CN117815438B describes a multifunctional hydrogel, its preparation method, and The application is mentioned. The invention involves phenylboronic acid group grafted and modified. Polyethyleneimine, BNN6 (a nitric oxide donor) loaded polydopamine nanospheres, catechol group 20 by combining functionalized chitosan and oxidized dextran in appropriate ratios It includes a hydrogel system that has been formed. This hydrogel has antibacterial, antioxidant and In addition to its photothermal properties, it also has the ability to promote angiogenesis. (Current) The invention includes numerous substances such as phenylboronic acid, polydopamine, BNN6, chitosan, or dextran. There are no complex functional components. The present invention consists of only two main components (gelatin 25 (and PEI) the antibacterial effect that this equivalent invention seeks to achieve without any additional drugs or This is achieved without the need for a nanocarrier, thanks to the intrinsic properties of polyethyleneimine. Patent document CN111848966B describes a temperature-responsive self-propelled polymer based on porphyrin. The text discusses the healing hydrogel, its preparation method, method of use, and application. 30 The invention relates to a star-shaped copolymer (THPP-(ME0MA-co-OEGMA-co-HEMA-CHO)) containing Dynamic covalent bonding occurs between aldehyde groups and amino groups contained in branched polyethyleneimine. A self-healing hydrogel is obtained through the formation of Schiff bonds, which have bonding properties. This hydrogel enables injectability, photodynamic therapy, and fluorescence. Features such as imaging, temperature responsiveness, and tumor-specific recognition and enrichment 35 It exhibits. In the present invention, porphyrin, temperature-responsive polymers, and dynamic Schiff bases are used. It has no chemical properties or self-healing ability. The main purpose of the present invention is... a stable macroscopic structure produced by bioprinting, which does not rely on such dynamic and reversible chemical bonds. The aim is to create a porous architecture and provide a passive antibacterial barrier. The vast majority of current hydrogel systems are randomly distributed and only at the micro level. having pores and this structural limitation prevents the efficient passage of wound exudate. 5 It prevents the removal of oxygen and hinders oxygen diffusion, which is critical for tissue healing. This deepens tissue hypoxia, leading to complications such as maceration and necrosis. In addition, in the current technique, antibacterial properties are usually impregnated into the drape. This is attempted through silver ions, silver nanoparticles, or topical antibiotics. However, the uncontrolled and rapid release of these agents into the wound area can quickly lead to cytotoxic effects. It can lead to adverse effects; and the rapid decrease in effectiveness limits long-term protection. Furthermore, these approaches are insufficient against bacteria that exhibit multidrug resistance. Current... Another significant drawback of these systems is that the dressings adhere to the healing granulation tissue. it tends to adhere and this new tissue is mechanically removed with each dressing change. The damage it causes leads to secondary trauma. 15 that exhibit superior biological biocompatibility. Natural polymers such as gelatin, however, provide the necessary mechanical support during 3D printing with current technology. Because they do not possess the required stability and suitable viscosity in their natural state, additive manufacturing is necessary. It is not possible to process them using these methods, which makes personalized wound care for the patient impossible. This constitutes the biggest obstacle to the production of the cover. Ultimately, the problems mentioned above, which cannot be solved with the current technology, are related to the technical aspects. This has made it necessary to make an innovation in the field. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a 25 developed to eliminate the technical shortcomings mentioned above. This relates to hydrogel wound dressings. The main purpose of the invention is to treat deep and irregular geometries, especially pressure injuries. In chronic wounds, by adapting to the different depths, indentations, and protrusions of the wound cavity. homogeneous contact with the wound bed and volumetric filling are achieved, and the formation of dead space is minimized. The goal is to create a wound dressing that allows for the reduction of [wound / surgical] wounds. Another aim of the invention is to effectively manage the exudate that forms in the wound area and by allowing oxygen passage to be supported, creating suitable environmental conditions for wound healing. The goal is to create a wound dressing that contributes to its protection. 35 11 11 Another aim of the invention is to reduce microbial contamination in the wound area and related issues. Contributes to reducing the risk of infection and maintaining antibacterial efficacy. The goal is to create a wound dressing with antibacterial properties. Another aim of the invention is to create a moist environment in the wound area by having a high water retention capacity. creating a healing environment and ensuring that this environment is homogeneous throughout the wound. The goal is to create a wound dressing that contributes to its protection. Another aim of the invention is to reduce adhesion to the wound bed, allowing for new dressings to be applied during dressing changes. Low-trauma dressing that reduces the risk of damage to the granulation tissue that forms. 10 The goal is to develop a wound dressing that allows for changes and improves patient comfort. Another aim of the invention is to create a biocompatible and biodegradable product that also prevents wound injury. a wound dressing that can maintain its structural and mechanical stability during application to the area to reveal. 15 Another aim of the invention is to adapt to wounds of varying sizes, depths, and geometries. The goal is to create a customizable wound dressing. Another aim of the invention is to adapt to the wound cavity in three dimensions, thus covering the superficial 20 of the wound. a It is about applying a wound dressing. Another aim of the invention is to provide services, especially to intensive care patients and individuals who are bedridden for extended periods, 25 encountered in elderly patients, individuals with chronic wound problems, and patients receiving home care. a wound dressing that helps facilitate the care of deep and complex wounds to reveal. To achieve the purposes described above, the invention involves an antibacterial macroporous material. It is a hydrogel wound dressing. The wound dressing contains at least one gelatin and at least one 30-unit antibacterial agent. It has a macroporous structure containing polyethyleneimine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a schematic view of the wound dressing that is the subject of this invention. 35 12 12 REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 - Patient 2 - Wound Cavity 3 - Hydrogel Wound Dressing 31 - Gelatin 5 32 – Polyethyleneimine 33-butane diol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) 34 – Bioink 35 - Macroporous Structure 36 - Wound Contact Interface 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this detailed explanation, the preferred compositions of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) which is the subject of the invention are described. This explanation is provided solely to facilitate a better understanding of the subject. Figure 1, antibacterial macroporous hydrogel wound dressing containing gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32). The cover (3) is a schematic view. The subject of the invention is a hydrogel wound dressing (3) for patients with (1) pressure injuries, among others. 20 three-dimensional, antibacterial agents developed for use in acute and chronic wounds. and is a macroporous wound dressing (3). The subject of the invention, hydrogel wound dressing (3), is especially deep and can adapt to the wound space (2) in wounds with irregular geometry and wound It can be configured in three dimensions so that it can make contact with different surfaces of the bed. The hydrogel wound dressing (3) which is the subject of the invention is also biodegradable and biocompatible. It forms a hydrogel structure. 25 The subject of the invention is a hydrogel wound dressing (3), at least one gelatin (31) and at least one polyethyleneimine (32) It includes three-dimensional printing by combining gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32). A bioink (34) suitable for use in the process is obtained. As a result of the accumulation of bioink (34) in layers by three-dimensional printing method, 30 A three-dimensional hydrogel wound dressing (3) containing macropores is created. Gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32), together with at least one crosslinker, have high water retention. It forms a three-dimensional polymeric network structure with capacity and mechanical stability. Gelatin (31) is a biocompatible and hydrophilic 35 that forms the main polymeric matrix of the hydrogel wound dressing (3). It is a polymer. The hydrophilic structure of gelatin (31) gives the hydrogel wound dressing (3) a water-retaining structure. 13 13 It contributes to maintaining a moist environment in the wound area. Gelatin (31) also a biocompatible that is suitable for supporting cell adhesion and proliferation It forms a matrix. Polyethyleneimine (32) is a polymeric 5 that imparts antibacterial properties to hydrogel wound dressings (3). It is a component. Polyethyleneimine (32) is incorporated into the hydrogel structure together with gelatin (31) and thus Antibacterial properties are integrated with the polymeric structure of the hydrogel wound dressing (3). Polyethyleneimine (32) also interacts with gelatin (31) to form bioink (34) It contributes to its stability. The structure containing polyethyleneimine (32) is a hydrogel wound its coating exhibits antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (3) 10 This provides the possibility of antibacterial properties provided by polyethyleneimine (32). reducing microbial contamination in the wound area, and consequently reducing inflammation. This allows for contributing to the control of the process and supporting the wound healing environment. It provides. Bioink (34), formed by combining gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32), three It is a homogeneous polymeric mixture suitable for extrusion in three-dimensional printing processes. Bioink (34) is extruded along a defined printing path during three-dimensional printing. by being deposited in layers, thus creating a three-dimensional hydrogel wound dressing (3). its structure is being created. 20 In the preferred application of the invention, hydrogel wound dressing (3), extrusion-based three-dimensional It is produced by printing method. In this method, bioink (34) is made by three layers placed one on top of the other. They are deposited to form three-dimensional printed layers. Three-dimensional printed The geometry of the layers and their positions relative to each other are present in the hydrogel wound dressing (3) 25 It is designed in a way that allows for the formation of macropores. Macropores allow bioink (34) to adhere to a specific printing pattern during three-dimensional printing. They are openings and / or channels formed by the accumulation of hydrogel. Thus, hydrogel wound dressing (3) A regular and controlled macroporous structure (35) is obtained within it. Macro 30 The size, geometry, distribution, and connections of pores in three-dimensional printing. Its purpose can be determined by changing its configuration. Macropores are a transition that allows the passage of liquid and gas within the hydrogel wound dressing (3). It forms regions. The water retention property of the hydrogel matrix and the 35 provided by the macropores The presence of transition zones together facilitates the flow of moisture and wound exudate in the wound area. It provides a structure suitable for managing wound exudate. Macropores allow the hydrogel wound to absorb the exudate. 14 14 the evacuation of oxygen through the (3) covering and its importance for tissue healing It forms channels that allow diffusion. Thus, the macroporous structure (35), In addition to exudate management, it also contributes to supporting oxygen transfer to the wound area. It provides. One of the key features of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) is the three-dimensional printing method. thanks to the geometry of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) the area of ​​use and the wound to which it will be applied The external geometry of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) can be changed according to its geometry, width, length, thickness, number and arrangement of three-dimensional printed layers, and macropores Its geometry and distribution can be determined according to the characteristics of the wound area where it will be applied. This 10 the width, length, depth, volume and / or geometric structure of the wound to be treated within the scope By taking this into consideration, a three-dimensional geometry of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) can be created. By printing bioink (34) in three dimensions along the said geometry, different Hydrogel wound dressings (3) that can adapt to wounds of various sizes and geometries have been obtained. It is possible. 15 The subject of the invention, hydrogel wound dressing (3), is due to the flexibility and shapeability of the hydrogel structure. It can adapt to the geometry of the wound bed, especially deep, irregular, and cavitary wounds. Hydrogel wound dressing (3) for wounds, instead of just covering the upper surface of the wound, the wound It can be used in such a way that it can be placed inside the cavity (2). Thus, the hydrogel wound 20 the dressing (3) adapts to the depth, indentations and protrusions of the wound bed and the wound bed It is possible to come into contact with different surfaces. The three-dimensional shape of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) The retractable matrix structure, when placed in the wound cavity (2), undergoes deformation, causing the wound to It is able to adapt to its irregular geometry resulting from its depth, indentations, and protrusions. The three-dimensional matrix structure in question will exhibit shape memory in an alternative application of 25. It can be configured. Thanks to the deformation and adaptability of the hydrogel wound dressing (3), the wound Contact can be made with all surfaces of the wound bed, especially deep and irregular wounds. Continuous contact can be established on their surfaces. Hydrogel wound dressing (3) 30 into the wound cavity (2) by adapting and creating volumetric filling, the superficial wound bed Contact can be made with the deep regions as well as the wound cavity (2) to prevent the formation of dead areas where the hydrogel wound dressing (3) does not come into contact and / or This contributes to reducing [the spread of the wound]. Thus, a more homogeneous contact is achieved across the wound bed. obtaining and maintaining a more homogeneous moist healing environment throughout the wound 35 It is possible. The part of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) that is in direct contact with the wound bed is a wound contact interface. (36) forms the wound contact interface (36), the hydrogel structure is soft, flexible and water-retaining Its structure allows it to adapt to the wound bed. This structure ensures a moist environment in the wound bed. while contributing to the protection of the adhesion of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) to the wound surface to reduce and minimize the mechanical impact applied to the wound surface during dressing changes. It allows for reduction. Wound contact interface (36), compatible with granulation tissue. by providing contact and preventing the hydrogel wound dressing (3) from adhering to the wound bed It allows dressing changes to be performed without trauma. The hydrogel wound dressing (3), which is the subject of the invention, when placed in the wound cavity (2) in three dimensions, 10 By contacting different surfaces of the wound bed, it allows the wound space (2) to be filled. This provides wound dressing, especially in deep and irregular wound spaces (2). reducing areas of non-contact between the wound beds and achieving a more homogeneous distribution across the wound bed. It is possible to achieve contact. The hydrogel wound dressing (3) adapts to the wound cavity (2). By providing volumetric filling, it fills not only the superficial areas of the wound bed but also 15 This allows contact to be made with the deeper layers of the wound as well, creating a moist healing environment throughout the wound. This contributes to a more homogeneous preservation process. The three-dimensional geometry of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) can be created according to the wound geometry, It can also contribute to the evaluation of the physical characteristics of the wound area. Wound 20 hydrogel wound designed according to its geometry and / or adapting to the wound space (2) The depth and volumetric size of the wound can be determined by using the geometric properties of the covering (3). It can be evaluated about it. Thus, hydrogel wound dressing (3) can be evaluated about the wound area. In addition to covering the wound, it will help in the three-dimensional evaluation of the wound geometry. It can be used in this way. 25 In a preferred application of the invention, gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32) are formed by At least one crosslinking agent to increase the stability of the polymeric network structure. It is used. The preferred crosslinker is butane diol diglycidyl ether (33). Crosslinking As a result, the structural integrity of the polymeric network structure containing gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32) is 30 and the stability of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) is increased. In this way, the created The polymeric network structure enables the hydrogel wound dressing (3) to retain a high amount of water and mechanical This contributes to obtaining a stable hydrogel structure. In alternative applications of the invention, different diglycidyl ethers can be used instead of butane diol diglycidyl ether (33). Its derivatives can be used. Additionally, cross-linking agents such as glutaraldehyde, genipin, and / or EDC / NHS can be used. The use of binders is also possible. 16 16 In the preferred application of the invention, the main polymeric matrix of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) is gelatin (31) is formed. In alternative applications, in addition to gelatin (31) or gelatin (31) collagen, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol instead Biocompatible polymers such as these and / or mixtures thereof may be used. These 5 Polymers are used alone or in combination with each other, and cross-linked when necessary. They can be bonded together to form a hydrogel structure. Antibacterial properties of hydrogel wound dressing (3) in preferred application of the invention This is provided by polyethyleneimine (32). In alternative applications, in addition to polyethyleneimine (32), 10 or chitosan, poly(L-lysine) and / or quaternary ammonium compounds instead of polyethyleneimine (32). Components that may exhibit antibacterial properties can be used. Antibacterial agent in hydrogel wound dressing (3); silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles are not included as an antibacterial agent. 15 The preferred application of the invention involves macropores and extrusion-based three-dimensional printing. during which bioink (34) is deposited in layers according to the determined printing pattern This is achieved by creating a hydrogel wound through the geometry and distribution of macropores. It is possible to determine the external geometry of the cover (3) during the production phase. Alternative 20 Electrospinning and freeze-drying are used to create porous hydrogel structures in applications. Drying and / or gas foaming methods can be used. In addition, hydrogel by adding salt and / or porogenic substances to the formulation and / or bioink (34) and By removing these substances from the structure, a porous hydrogel structure can be formed. In one application of the invention, the production of a hydrogel wound dressing (3) primarily involves gelatin (31). The polymeric phase is prepared. Polyethyleneimine (32) is included in the phase containing gelatin (31). By doing this, a homogeneous bioink (34) is obtained. If necessary, the bioink (34) is added to the (34) A small amount of cross-linking agent and / or additional antibacterial agent is included. The prepared Bioink (34) is transferred to an extrusion-based three-dimensional printer. Bioink (34), 30 three-dimensional structures that overlap each other, extruded according to a predetermined printing pattern. They are deposited in the form of printed layers. Printing paths during the deposition of layers. Macropores are created by leaving openings between them. Thus, three A three-dimensional, antibacterial and macroporous hydrogel wound dressing (3) is obtained. 35 In the application of the invention to the production of personalized hydrogel wound dressings (3), hydrogel wound Geometric characteristics of the wound area to which the dressing (3) will be applied before production 17 17 The external geometry of the hydrogel wound dressing (3) is determined according to the geometric characteristics of the wound. The thickness and printing pattern are determined. Bioink is applied according to the determined geometry. (34) is deposited in layers and thus adapted to the wound geometry to which it will be applied. hydrogel wound dressing (3) is obtained. The subject of the invention is a hydrogel wound dressing (3), for acute wounds, especially pressure injuries, It can be used in chronic wounds, deep wounds and cavitary wounds. Hydrogel wound dressing (3) its geometry and macroporous structure (35) can be determined by means of three-dimensional printing thanks to this, hydrogel wound dressings are available for different wound geometries and usage requirements. (3) production is ensured. 10 The subject of the invention is a hydrogel wound dressing (3); a biocompatible and hydrophilic hydrogel containing gelatin (31). its matrix, antibacterial property provided by polyethyleneimine (32) and three-dimensional printing It brings together the macroporous structure (35) formed within the same structure. Gelatin (31) and bioink (34) containing polyethyleneimine (32) in layers by three-dimensional printing method 15 The accumulation of hydrogel wound dressing (3) affects both the external geometry and the macroporous internal geometry. This allows for the determination of its architecture, especially in deep, irregular, and cavitary areas. able to adapt to the geometry of the wounds, in contact with different surfaces of the wound bed Antibacterial and macroporous hydrogel wound dressing (3) is obtained. Invention The subject is hydrogel wound dressing (3), also biodegradable with high water retention capacity 20 polymeric network structure, three-dimensional structure that can deform according to wound geometry, and wound thanks to the wound contact interface (36) which supports full surface contact in the wound bed (2) offers an integrated structure that adapts. 30 35

Claims

18 18 REQUESTS 1. It is an antibacterial macroporous hydrogel wound dressing (3), the feature of which is that it contains at least one gelatin. (31) and a macro containing at least one polyethyleneimine (32) which provides antibacterial properties. It has a porous structure (35).

2. According to claim 1, a hydrogel wound dressing (3) is composed of gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32) It contains at least one bioink (34) suitable for three-dimensional printing.

3. According to claim 2, a hydrogel wound dressing (3) has the characteristic of being a three-dimensional bioink (34). three-dimensional printed layers created by layering through printing and 10 macro created by the geometry of the layers in question and their positions relative to each other It contains pores.

4. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, and its characteristic is; polymeric network structure containing gelatin (31) and polyethyleneimine (32) at least one crosslinker 15 It is cross-linked with another.

5. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to claim 4, whose characteristic is that the crosslinking agent is butane diol diglycidyl ether (33), diglycidyl ether derivatives, glutaraldehyde, genipin and at least one of EDC / NHS that is. 20 6. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, and its characteristic is; silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, gentamicin and it does not contain at least one of them as an antibacterial agent, namely ciprofloxacin.

7. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, whose characteristic is; wound in direct contact with the wound bed and in a way that will prevent adhesion to the wound bed It must contain at least one structured wound contact interface (36).

8. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, and its characteristic is; 30 In addition to gelatin (31), collagen, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl It must contain at least one of the following: alcohol and polyethylene glycol.

9. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, and its characteristic is; In addition to polyethyleneimine (32), chitosan, poly(L-lysine) and quaternary ammonium compounds 35 It must contain at least one antibacterial component. 19 19 10. A hydrogel wound dressing (3) according to any of the above requirements, and its characteristic is; electro-spinning, freeze-drying, gas foaming and macroporous structure (35) It is created using at least one of the porogen utilization methods.

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