PORTABLE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) AND EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FISHING VESSELS.

Abstract

The invention relates to a portable, microcomputer-based, autonomous selective catalytic reduction system that can be retrofitted into the existing exhaust line of small and medium-sized commercial fishing vessels and baiting vessels with diesel engines, ranging in length from 12 to 24 meters, for the purpose of reducing nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions from their exhaust gases.

Description

1 TARIFF PORTABLE SELECTOR FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FISHING VESSELS CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) AND EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention is for small and medium-sized commercial vehicles with diesel engines, with lengths between 12 and 24 meters. Nitrous oxides found in the exhaust gases of fishing vessels and baiting vessels. To reduce particulate matter emissions, an aftermarket modification was made to the existing exhaust line. an integrated, portable, and microcomputer-based autonomous selective catalytic converter It is related to the reduction system. 10 PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE In large tonnage commercial vessels, in order to meet IMO Tier III standards. There are selective catalytic reduction systems used. However, local small 15 used in fishing activities and equipped with engines that produce, for example, 290 kW of power. and cost-effective, compact for medium-sized vessels and their operation Solutions adapted to the conditions remain limited. Known selective catalytic reduction systems are generally large-volume and stationary. It consists of structures. Therefore, these systems are limited for small ships. It is difficult to install them later in engine rooms with such volume. Also, these 20 These systems are mostly designed according to the exhaust line of a specific engine and are only They can be used with the engine for which they were designed. A system used on a ship. most are disassembled and adapted to a different ship or an engine with different specifications. This is not possible under these circumstances. The control units used in current systems are mostly closed-source 25 and relies on high-cost industrial PLC systems. This structure makes the system while making it difficult to adapt to different engines and operating conditions, the hardware and It also increases installation costs. The engine loads of small fishing vessels are used for searching for fish and casting nets. or varies depending on whether it is in motion. In contrast, 30 on this scale on ships, which evaluate instantaneous NOx values ​​according to varying engine load and Dosing algorithms that dynamically determine the amount of urea to be sprayed It is not being implemented. 2 There are numerous small and medium-sized fisheries currently in use. The ship does not have any emission control system. This situation especially in enclosed seas like the Black Sea, high levels of NOx emissions This causes damage to the coastal ecosystem. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The aim of the invention is to develop large-volume versions of known selective catalytic reduction systems. eliminating usage limitations stemming from fixed and single-engine-specific structures The goal is to develop a portable and modular emission control system that eliminates this problem. Another aim of the invention is to add an additional 10 to the ship's existing exhaust line. it can be used without the need for structural changes, during maintenance it can be easily dismantled and transferred to a different ship and reassembled with other engines. The goal is to make it usable. The invention also enables real-time monitoring of NOx levels and exhaust temperature at the engine outlet. 15, which is evaluated as such and will be injected into the exhaust line according to the instantaneous load condition of the engine. to create a control structure that dynamically calculates the amount of urea It aims to... One of the aims of the invention is to develop diesel engines in the small and medium power class. Thanks to the appropriate catalyst volume for the engines, the reduction in engine load To achieve stable operation despite fluctuations and NOx 20 above 70 percent. The goal is to achieve reduction efficiency. A microcomputer-based control architecture instead of industrial PLC systems. reducing hardware and installation costs by using it, thus making it selective. Making catalytic reduction systems applicable in small and medium-sized vessels Bringing it into existence is also among the aims of the invention. 25 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. General overview of the invention. Figure 2. Illustration of an example application of the invention. The corresponding numbers in the figures are: 1. NOx Sensor 2. Thermocouple 3. Adblue Injector 3 4. Bypass Circuit 5. Catalytic Converter 6. Ship Exhaust Outlet Line 7. Bypass Exhaust Gas Outlet Line 8. Catalytic Converter Outlet Exhaust Line 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention concerns a portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system for ships. exhaust outlet line (6), NOx sensor (1), thermocouple (2), AdBlue injector (3), bypass circuit (4), catalytic converter (5), bypass exhaust gas outlet line (7) and catalytic 10 It consists of the converter outlet exhaust line (8). The system is an additional structural modification to the ship’s existing exhaust outlet line (6). It has a portable and modular structure that can be connected without needing to be assembled. Thanks to this structure... The system can be disassembled during maintenance operations, transferred to another vessel, and It can be reused in different engines. 15 The NOx sensor (1) measures the raw NOx value at the engine outlet. Thermocouple (2), measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, necessary to prevent AdBlue crystallization. providing information and controlling the temperature at which the chemical reaction will take place It allows the AdBlue injector (3) to be calculated by the control unit. It sprays a certain amount of AdBlue solution into the exhaust line. Bypass circuit (4), SCR 20 High back pressure due to catalytic converter blockage or exhaust if the temperature of the exhaust gas remains outside the limits necessary for the reaction It directs the water directly out of the system without entering the catalytic converter (5). Thus This prevents the engine from losing performance and ensures that the SCR system is deactivated. Even so, the ship is able to continue its course. 25 The catalytic converter (5) is where the exhaust gas and the urea solution undergo a chemical reaction. It forms the main body. The volume of the catalytic converter (5) is suitable for small and medium scale power. It is designed to be suitable for diesel engines in its class. With this structure, 70 percent and The goal is to achieve NOx reduction efficiency and reduce the amount of NOx produced under engine load. Stable operation is ensured against fluctuations. 30 The system's control unit is microcomputer-based. NOx located on the engine... Data from the sensor (1) and thermocouple (2) are processed by the control unit. It is evaluated in real-time. The Python-based control software analyzes the motor's instantaneous movements. 4 The amount of urea to be sprayed from the AdBlue injector (3) is dynamically determined according to the load condition. It calculates in this way. The system described in the invention is activated by starting a diesel-powered marine vessel. It comes into play. The exhaust gas coming from the engine's exhaust manifold is the ship's exhaust. It reaches the system via the outlet line (6). The NOx concentration of the exhaust gas is 5 The NOx sensor (1) measures the temperature, and the thermocouple (2) measures the temperature. The measurement values ​​are converted into digital signals and transmitted to the control unit. The control unit processes the data it receives from the sensors according to predefined algorithms. It is in operation. In the first stage of the process, the system's secure operating conditions are established. It is being monitored. The exhaust temperature is 10 below the threshold value required for the reaction. If the system remains unresponsive or excessive back pressure is detected, the control unit will bypass the system. By activating the bypass circuit (4), the exhaust gas The exhaust gas is directed to the bypass exhaust outlet line (7) without entering the catalytic converter (5). and is discharged outside the system. This mode of operation damages the catalytic converter (5). to see and due to the high back pressure that may occur in the exhaust line 15 It prevents the engine from losing performance. The exhaust temperature must be suitable for the reaction and there must be excessive back pressure. If it is not present, the bypass circuit (4) is closed and the exhaust flow is connected to the main line. It is directed. The control unit determines the required amount of urea according to the current load of the motor. It calculates the amount. Depending on the calculated amount, the AdBlue pump dispenses the solution into 20 oz. It pressurizes and sprays AdBlue into the exhaust line via the AdBlue injector (3). The urea solution sprayed into the exhaust line flows turbulently with the hot exhaust gas. The resulting mixture mixes homogeneously. The resulting mixture is in the honeycomb inside the catalytic converter (5). A chemical reduction reaction occurs as it passes through the structure, and in the exhaust gas The NOx compounds present are converted into nitrogen and water. 25 The exhaust gas, cleaned after the reaction, is fed into the catalytic converter exhaust. NOx is transmitted to the emission measuring device via line (8). Through this device, NOx Reduction efficiency is analyzed and the resulting emission values ​​are compared with IMO Tier III standards. Compliance with international standards such as these is determined.

Claims

REQUESTS 1. NOx emissions in the exhaust gas of diesel-powered marine vessels portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control aimed at reducing emissions. It is a system and its feature is that it is connected to the ship exhaust outlet line (6) and to the engine outlet 5 NOx sensor (1) which measures the NOx value, thermocouple which measures the temperature of the exhaust gas (2), AdBlue injector (3) that sprays AdBlue solution into the exhaust line, exhaust gas selectively directing to the main line or bypass exhaust gas outlet line (7) bypass circuit (4), chemical reduction of exhaust gas and AdBlue solution catalytic converter (5) into which the reaction takes place, 10 cleaned after the reaction from the catalytic converter outlet exhaust line (8) and the NOx sensor that conveys the exhaust gas by evaluating the data from (1) and the thermocouple (2) in real time Determining the amount of AdBlue to be injected by the AdBlue injector (3) by including a microcomputer-based control unit configured accordingly It is characterized by 15 2. Portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system according to Claim 1, Its feature is that it dispenses AdBlue from the injector (3) according to the instantaneous load condition of the engine. Configure to dynamically calculate the amount of AdBlue to be injected. It is characterized by containing a control unit with pre-programmed control software.

3. Portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system according to claim 1, 20 Its characteristic feature is that the exhaust temperature is the threshold required for the chemical reduction reaction. falling below the value or detecting excessive back pressure in the system configured to activate the bypass circuit (4) in case of It is characterized by containing a control unit.

4. Portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system according to claim 3, 25 Its feature is that the bypass circuit (4) directs the exhaust gas to the catalytic converter (5) before it enters. by including a diverting valve that directs the exhaust gas to the bypass exhaust outlet line (7) It is characteristic.

5. According to Claim 1, it is a portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system, Its feature is that the exhaust temperature is suitable for the chemical reduction reaction and 30 If there is no excessive back pressure in the system, the bypass circuit (4) Configure to direct the exhaust gas to the catalytic converter (5) by closing it It is characterized by containing a fully functional control unit. 6 6. Portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system according to Claim 1, Its feature is to pressurize the AdBlue solution and deliver it to the AdBlue injector (3). It is characterized by containing an AdBlue pump.

7. Portable selective catalytic reduction and emission control system according to Claim 1, Its feature is that the catalytic converter (5) forms a mixture of exhaust gas and AdBlue solution. it undergoes a chemical reduction reaction as it passes through the mixture It is characterized by its honeycomb structure. 15 25

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