Multi-Stage Security Infrastructure SMR Integrated Hydrostatic and Gravity-Based Energy Storage and Recovery System

Abstract

This invention is a hybrid energy storage and recovery system with a double condenser closed thermodynamic cycle structure developed to effectively utilize the high-enthalpy waste heat generated in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) during transient operating conditions and emergency shutdown scenarios, to meet instantaneous peak load demands that may occur in the electricity grid, and to ensure stable grid load monitoring. In the system, superheated steam fed from the reactor vessel (110) in the primary nuclear cycle drives the main energy cycle turbine (700) and the main generator (710), providing base load to the grid. In the Integrated Steam Generator (120) in the secondary cycle, the waste thermal power taken from the nuclear power plant and the liquid fluid from the feed pump (810) are actively converted into high-enthalpy superheated steam.This superheated steam, which undergoes a phase change, is conveyed to the top condenser (300) by rising along the vertical steam line (200) with a height of approximately 60 m, without the need for external pump support, by the effect of natural circulation caused by the difference in density, without entering the main turbine (700) line. The fluid, which passes into the liquid phase in the condenser, reaches the top inlet distribution manifold (400) by the effect of gravity and by means of a cyber-physical smart valve matrix algorithm (30) developed in MATLAB / Simulink environment, and is distributed evenly to five parallel-connected storage tanks (501, 502, 503, 504, 505). Thermal energy is stored in these tanks under a nominal operating pressure of 28.0 bar and completely in liquid phase.When the peak load demand on the grid increases, the stored energy is directed through the common bottom discharge manifold (600) to the peak load and emergency turbine (900) with a high hydraulic efficiency range and converted into electrical energy via the peak generator (910). The cycle is completed by the nuclear-grade centrifugal feed pump (810) taking the fluid from the bottom condenser (800) and transferring it back to the Integrated Steam Generator (120).

Description

1 TARIFF Multi-Stage Security Infrastructure SMR Integrated Hydrostatic and Gravity-Based Energy Storage and Recovery System Technical Area The invention relates to temporary operating conditions and emergency procedures in Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear power plants. Efficient utilization of high-enthalpy residual heat generated during shutdown scenarios, Damping of network frequency fluctuations and ensuring stable network load tracking. Developed for this purpose; flow mechanisms based on natural circulation principles and gravity. 5 integrated into the nuclear secondary cycle, operated synchronously with an intelligent valve matrix algorithm. It relates to a thermal energy storage and recovery system with tanks. 10 State of the Art and the Purpose of the Invention In existing nuclear power plants and developing Small Modular Reactor (SMR) applications, High-enthalpy residual heat generated during reactor residual heat cycles or transient regimes is mostly They are wasted by being released into the external environment. SMRs are 15 for the instantaneous peak load demands of the electricity grid. The known technique was developed to enable a quick response (network load monitoring). When solutions in this situation are examined, systems such as TerraPower LLC (US12176117B2) are considered. The energy is stored in large tanks outside the power plant site in the form of "Thermal / Heat (Molten Salt, etc.)". It is seen to store [US12176117B2]. Such thermal storage systems, by their nature high insulation costs, uncontrolled thermal losses that spread to the environment over time (entropy 20 (increase) and especially exothermic when liquid metal coolants such as sodium come into contact with water. They are subject to explosion risks. Other designs focused on passive emergency cooling are a commercially viable option. It lacks a cycle and stable electricity supply regulation. The aim of the invention is to maintain SMR secondary cycle stability, regardless of geographical constraints. High enthalpy residual heat in liquid phase with zero risk of volumetric instability and 28.0 bar high pressure 25 storing energy in closed tanks (501-505) not thermally but mechanically. Because it is stored as is, the smart valve can be kept in reserve for days with zero losses until a grid demand arrives. and thanks to the orientation matrix (30), one tank group is in the charging phase while the other is in the discharge phase by operating it to keep the flow rate and pressure of the flow going to the production turbine (900) completely constant 2 The aim is to offer an integrated system. The system anticipates momentary fluctuations and frequency drops in the network, 30 Fluid mechanics, through inertia, causes damping within milliseconds. Explanation of the Figures • Figure 1: SMR integrated, 5-tank hydrostatic system with multi-stage safety infrastructure. General process of gravity-based energy storage and recovery system. This is the instrumentation (P&ID) flowchart. 35 Explanation of References in Figures • 100: SMR Integrated Module • 110: Nuclear Reactor Vessel (RPV) • 120: Integrated Steam Generator (SG) • 200: Hot Steam Line with a Height of 60 Meters 40 • 300: Top Condenser (Condenser 1) • 30: Smart Flow Direction and Valve Matrix Zone • 400: Top Inlet Distribution Manifold (Collector) • 501: Closed Storage Tank (T-1) • 502: Closed Storage Tank (T-2) 45 • 503: Closed Storage Tank (T-3) • 504: Closed Storage Tank (T-4) • 505: Closed Storage Tank (T-5) • 600: Common Water Discharge Manifold • 700: Main Energy Cycle Turbine 50 • 710: Main Generator • 800: Bottom Condenser (Condenser 2) • 810: Nuclear Grade Centrifugal Feed Pump with Generator 3 • 900: New Peak Load and Emergency Turbine • 910: Peak Load Generator 55 Description of the Invention The invention describes an SMR integrated energy storage system with a multi-level safety infrastructure. The general process and instrumentation flow structure is presented in Figure 1. The system described in this invention consists of 60 In its prototype and commercial applications, it can be structured under the project name GRAVI-NUCLEAR; The system architecture includes the nuclear reactor vessel (110) and the SMR integrated module (100). Based on the integrated steam generator (120) thermally fed by reactor residual heat cycles It receives. Under normal operating conditions, from the reactor vessel (110) in the primary nuclear cycle The fed superheated steam drives the main energy cycle turbine (700) and the main generator (710) 65 supplying base load to the grid, then bottom condenser (800) and feed pump (810) It returns to the loop through that. In the Integrated Steam Generator (120) which is part of the secondary cycle, waste taken from the nuclear power plant The liquid fluid coming from the feed pump (810) is actively undergoing phase change with thermal power It is converted into high-enthalpy superheated steam. In transient regimes and emergency shutdown 70 In the scenarios, excess steam generated does not enter the main turbine (700) line, due to the difference in density. Thanks to the natural circulation effect, approximately 60 liters can be produced without the need for external pump power. Station darkening (SBO) by rising along the vertical superheated steam line (200) with a height of m Even in external power loss scenarios such as, it reaches the peak condenser (300). Hidden in the condenser The fluid, having released its heat of condensation and transitioned to the liquid phase, passes through a central 75° manifold located on the manifold. multi-stage pressure protection consisting of a safety valve (SV-01) and a relief valve (RV-01). It passes through the structure and is conveyed to the upper inlet distribution manifold (400). Five vertical cylindrical enclosed storage units are connected in parallel to the upper inlet distribution manifold (400). The inlet lines of the tank (501, 502, 503, 504, 505) are routed using MATLAB / Simulink-based intelligent flow routing. and actuator (AV), check (CV) and isolation 80 controlled by valve matrix algorithm (30). (NV) valves are used to manage the fluid in real time. The fluid flows through the tanks (501, 502, 503, 504, (505) The water is stored in it at a nominal operating pressure of 28.0 bar and entirely in liquid phase. Ability to maintain the liquid phase (compressed liquid) completely under a nominal operating pressure of 28.0 bar. 4 For this purpose, the temperature of the condensing fluid in the top condenser (300) is 28.0 bar absolute pressure. 85, which is approximately below the corresponding saturated liquid (boiling) temperature curve of 230°C. The liquid is transferred to tanks (501-505) under controlled conditions (in an adjustable subcool liquid regime). The thermal-hydraulic stability of the design was determined by three-dimensional fluid dynamics calculations with 1700 iterations. This has been validated with CFD (Convergence Dynamics) analyses and numerical convergence has been achieved. Instantaneous data on the network. When demand increases, the stored high-pressure fluid lower control valve groups It is collected into the common hot water discharge manifold (600). The fluid sent from here is 90 by driving the peak load and emergency turbine (900) with high hydraulic efficiency range It provides fast and stable energy supply to the power grid via the load generator (910). From the turbine The resulting fluid passes through the bottom condenser (800) to the nuclear grade centrifuge feed pump (810) closed thermodynamic cycle by being pressed back into the integrated steam generator (120) It is completed. 95 How the invention can be applied to industry. The system described in the invention is suitable for nuclear power plants, and especially for small modular nuclear power plants. By directly integrating the reactors (SMR) into the pressurized water and steam secondary cycle lines It is applied to industry. Due to geographical landforms and limitations in sea or ocean depth, 100 artificial circular tower architecture within a completely independent terrestrial nuclear power plant site. It can be constructed in this way. The system is suitable for high-temperature applications in iron and steel, cement, and heavy industry plants. in industrial process heat supply, desalination plants and large-scale Instantaneous frequency regulation of large-scale electricity grids and peak load demands in milliseconds. In industrial applications, it is used as a commercial energy battery and grid stability kit for balancing purposes. It can be used in a widespread and modular way.

Claims

1 REQUESTS Multi-Stage Security Infrastructure SMR Integrated Hydrostatic and Gravity-Based Energy Storage and Recovery System 1. The invention describes a system for integrating grid load monitoring into Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). It is a hybrid energy storage and recovery system, and its feature is; 5 • Fed from a reactor vessel (110) in the primary nuclear cycle superheated steam a main energy cycle turbine (700) and a main generator (710) by driving and providing the base load of the network, • Nuclear in an Integrated Steam Generator (120) in the secondary cycle The power plant now uses its thermal power to process superheated steam that has undergone a phase change, with a density of 10. to transport through passive natural circulation effect based on difference a structured vertical steam line approximately 60 m high (200) including, • Located at the top of the vertical steam line (200) and with a peak condenser (300) that converts the fluid into liquid phase, this 15 an upper inlet distribution that directs the condensing fluid by gravity housing the manifold (400), • Thermal energy transport and storage, the aforementioned upstream distribution five closed storage tanks (501, connected in parallel to the manifold (400, 20 in models 502, 503, 504, 505 under a nominal operating pressure of 28.0 bar. and a volume stabilization infrastructure that operates entirely in the liquid phase having, • A common bottom discharge that collects the stored high-pressure liquid fluid. through the manifold (600) and the fluid coming from this manifold, high A peak load and emergency 25 that generates electricity within the hydraulic efficiency range. It includes a turbine (900) and a peak load generator (910).

2. A hybrid energy system integrated into Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) according to Claim 1. It is a storage and recovery system, the characteristic of which is; the closed storage charging, discharging and volume stabilization processes of tanks (501, 502, 503, 504, 505); 30 central and independent valves positioned on flow lines, differential a cyber-physical model that governs through equation-based real-time It includes the smart valve matrix algorithm (30). 2 3. A hybrid 35 integrated into Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) according to Claim 1 or 2. It is an energy storage and recovery system, characterized by its ability to withstand single fault scenarios. in accordance with ASME Section III and IAEA SSR-2 / 1 standards a structured; located on the upper inlet distribution manifold (400) each closed with a central safety valve (SV-01) and a relief valve (RV-01). 40 independently positioned on the storage tank (501-505) a multi-stage pressure protection structure consisting of safety valves (SV-2 / 6) It contains.

4. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) according to any of Claims 1, 2 or 3 It is an integrated hybrid energy storage and recovery system, characterized by its closed 45 Fluid stability and transient regime in storage tanks (501-505) (Transient) flow behavior, three-dimensional computation with 1700 iterations. Thermo-hydraulic determined in accordance with fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. It is structured according to convergence criteria.

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