MECHANICAL VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM

Abstract

The invention is a passive damping element (T) developed to reduce mechanical vibrations during operation in rotary mechanical systems. It is represented by the fact that the system includes a wire (3) which is helically wrapped around the outer surface of shaft 2 (2) and coupling (4) to create continuous contact in the region where vibrations are concentrated, absorbing vibration energy and reducing mechanical vibration amplitude thanks to the high internal damping capacity of its alloy, phase transformation and hysteresis behavior, thus achieving passive vibration damping in the system. The element is the input shaft of the system and transmits the rotational movement and torque from the drive element to the coupling (4), transmits the rotational movement transmitted through the coupling (4) to the mechanical system on the output side, and after the vibrations are controlled, continues to transmit power with a lower vibration level.

Description

1 TARIFF MECHANICAL VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to power transmission systems frequently used in the machine manufacturing industry. It is related to the damping of vibrations. 5 The invention is specifically designed to reduce vibrations in rotating mechanical systems. Integration of shape memory alloys into couplings, shafts and similar power transmission elements. This relates to passive vibration damping elements, which are created by means of this process. STATE OF THE ART Motors, shafts, couplings, gearboxes, and bearings used in rotating mechanical systems. 10 Generators inevitably face dynamic and mechanical loads during operation. It produces vibrations. These vibrations cause fatigue damage in system components. accelerated, loosening of fasteners, bearing and gear wear increase, noise levels rise, energy losses and system This leads to a decrease in reliability, especially in continuously operating industrial settings. Effective control of vibrations occurring in machines and power transmission systems. This is important in terms of reducing maintenance costs and extending equipment life. It is of great importance. In current technology, rubber-based elastomer couplings are used for vibration control, along with viscous couplings. dampers, metal spring systems, friction dampers and various composite 20 Damping elements are widely used. In addition, active vibration... Piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, servo motors in control systems. Controlled mechanisms and electronic feedback systems are used. Passive systems are preferred due to their simple structure and low cost. It can be effective within certain frequency ranges, and the changes in operating conditions are sufficiently 25. They are unable to adapt. Active systems, on the other hand, have higher control capabilities. despite being sensors, control units, power electronics, and continuous power supply. because of the requirements, the cost, complexity and maintenance needs are significantly reduced. It increases. 2 In recent years, shape memory alloys, especially nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys, have gained popularity due to their high internal working capacity. damping capacity, superelastic behavior, and mechanical properties during phase transformation. vibration control due to its ability to convert energy into heat energy It is attracting attention in applications. NiTi is mentioned in the literature and patent documents. alloys are mostly used as actuators, with electric current or temperature 5 Aircraft wings and wind turbines utilize the principle of shape transformation through change. Their use is observed in wings, adaptive structures, and intelligent control systems. In solutions, NiTi materials are often used to create movement or alter structural geometry. It is being evaluated with the aim of changing it. However, with current technology, NiTi shape memory alloy wires are directly powered by 10 By being integrated onto the coupling in the transmission systems, external energy without requiring anything else, solely from the internal friction and phase transformation mechanisms of the material by taking advantage of it, for use as a passive vibration damping element. Applications are quite limited. Furthermore, the geometric characteristics of NiTi wire are not a factor in current solutions. placement, heat treatment history, phase characteristics and 15 in the coupling-shaft junction area The effects of its positioning on vibration performance are detailed. It has not been included. Therefore, to existing mechanical systems that do not require additional electronic hardware. NiTi shape memory alloy positioned on the coupling, which can be easily integrated. Thanks to the wire, vibration energy is converted using the material's internal damping mechanisms. reduced costs, adaptable to different working conditions, low cost and feasible. A new vibration damping system is needed. The present invention addresses this issue. It was developed to meet the need. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the invention is to convert vibrations generated in rotating mechanical systems into energy from external sources. The goal is to develop a vibration damping system that does not require any special tools. The aim of the invention is to reduce the amplitude of vibrations generated in mechanical power transmission systems. to improve system performance, reduce fatigue and wear of mechanical components and to extend its service life. 3 Another objective of the invention is to integrate shape memory alloy wire onto the coupling. additional electronic control units, sensors, or external power sources to existing mechanical systems The goal is to offer a vibration damping solution that can be implemented without requiring a power source. Another aim of the invention is to take advantage of phase transformation and internal friction properties. The aim is to ensure that vibration energy is passively dissipated within the mechanical system. 5 Another purpose of the invention is to connect couplings, shafts and similar powertrains of different diameters, sizes and capacities. A modular vibration damping system that can be easily integrated into transmission elements. The goal is to improve the system. Another purpose of the invention is to connect motors, gearboxes, generators, wind turbines, pumps, Suitable for use in compressor and similar rotary machinery systems, requiring minimal maintenance. The goal is to offer a mechanical solution that reduces costs and increases operational reliability. Another objective of the invention is to have suitable heat treatment parameters and phase characteristics. Vibration damping performance can be adjusted according to application requirements using wires. The goal is to ensure that it can be optimized. Another aim of the invention is to provide a 15% better solution than existing passive vibration damping methods. while offering high damping performance, it also provides high-performance active vibration control systems. The goal is to eliminate disadvantages such as cost, complexity, and energy consumption. Another aim of the invention is to make a significant change in the structure of existing power transmission systems. It can be implemented without requiring any modifications, and is economically and industrially feasible. The aim is to provide a vibration damping system. 20 Based on the literature and patent documents reviewed, it is understood that shape memory alloys... The vast majority of solutions in which (NiTi) is used for vibration control, Active control by utilizing the actuator or sensor properties of the material. It appears to have been developed for their systems, particularly the one with the number WO2009043327A1. The patent document states that NiTi alloys improve the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines by 25%. as an intelligent control element that can change the wing geometry in order to increase its performance. It is used. Similarly, in patent number CN105599387A, NiTi wires are used in wind energy. by being integrated into the internal structure of the turbine blades, the blade profile is actively modified. It offers a mechanical structure for modification. Patent number US6530564B1 NiTi-based structures, on the other hand, provide aerodynamic control and morphing in aircraft wings. 30 4 It focuses on its use in applications, again creating movement and It adopts an active approach based on the principle of geometric transformation. The common approach in these documents is that NiTi shape memory alloy's electrical current... actuators with the help of temperature changes or external control mechanisms. It is the operation of the NiTi shape memory alloy. In contrast, the present invention applies to any 5 not for actuation purposes, but for internal processes that arise during the phase transformation of the material. passive vibration by taking advantage of friction and energy dissipation properties It is used as a damping element. Furthermore, the invention involves the direct coupling of NiTi wire. integrated onto and in the coupling-shaft junction area where vibrations are concentrated Thanks to its positioning, vibrations occurring in power transmission systems are reduced by 10%. It aims to reduce [the reduction] at the source. This approach is reflected in the patent under review. It differs technically from the solutions described in the documentation. In addition, the present invention not only offers a structural difference, but also It also reveals experimentally verified performance data. Laboratory In experiments conducted in this environment, 15 suitable phase characteristics and heat treatment history were required. Vibration in the operating range of 20–40 rpm when NiTi wire is used. A reduction in amplitude of approximately 0.5% to 13% was achieved. In contrast, The patent documents examined do not contain direct information regarding vibration damping performance. Numerical data is not available; solutions mainly involve aerodynamic control and wing design. It focuses on modifying its geometry or on intelligent actuation principles. This 20 In this respect, the present invention has both a field of application and measurable performance outputs. In this respect, it differs from the solutions found in the literature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows a general overview of the use of the invention. Figure 2 shows the technical view of the invention. 25 EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES IN THE FIGURES T. Vibration damping element 1. Mile 1 2. Mile 2 3. Wire 4. Coupling 5. Wedge DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5 The invention relates to mechanical vibrations that occur during operation in rotary mechanical systems. developed for the purpose of reducing, a passive vibration damping with integrated wire (3) It relates to element (T). The system consists of two shafts that transmit rotational motion, and mechanical components connecting these shafts. a coupling (4) connecting them and a coupling (4) with a specific geometry on the coupling (4) It consists of an integrated wire (3). The invention, in particular, motor, gearbox, generator, 10 occurrences in wind turbines, pumps, compressors and similar power transmission systems vibrations without the use of an additional electronic control system or external power source It aims to reduce it. Figure 1 shows the overall layout of the invention on a mechanical power transmission system. It is shown. 15 is obtained from the electric motor which acts as the drive element in the system. the resulting rotational motion is transmitted to other elements along the mechanical power transmission line. Power is transmitted between the motor and the driven mechanism during power transmission. Due to dynamic loads in the field shaft connections, especially in the coupling (4) region Vibrations occur. The vibration damping element developed within the scope of the invention. (T) is placed in this region where vibrations occur most intensely, and the vibration energy is 20 This ensures that vibrations are reduced at the point where they occur. Thus, the vibrations are transmitted to the gearbox. The transmission of energy to the bearings, generator, and other mechanical elements of the system is significant. It is being restricted. Figure 2 shows the technical drawing of the mechanical system of the invention. The system includes: The first shaft (1) and the second shaft (2) are positioned along the same axis. Shaft 1 (1), 25 The input shaft carries the rotational movement from the drive element, and Shaft 2 (2) is this It is the output shaft that transmits the motion to the output side. The mechanical connection between the two shafts is the coupling. (4) is provided by means of the coupling (4), which connects two shafts coaxially. It is the basic mechanical element that provides the rotational moment from shaft 1 (1) to shaft 2. (2) enables safe transfer. The 30 between the coupling (4) and the shafts 6 Moment transmission is achieved by using wedge (5) elements. Wedge (5) The elements prevent slippage between the shaft and the coupling during rotation, thus reducing torque. It ensures reliable transmission. On the outer surface of the heart (4) the wire (3) will be helical (spring-shaped) It is wrapped. The wire (3) is wrapped in such a way that it is in continuous contact with the outer surface of the coupling. The winding step, number of windings and wire tension are determined according to the application requirements. It can be determined accordingly. Thanks to the helical arrangement, the wire (3) is homogeneous around the coupling. is distributed in such a way that it affects all of the circumferential vibrations that occur along the coupling (4). Thus, vibration energy can be transmitted not only from a specific point, but also through the coupling (4) It is absorbed from its entire surroundings. 10 The desired phase characteristic is obtained by applying appropriate heat treatment to the wire (3) before use. It is provided. Wire (3), under the determined temperature-time parameters It is being shaped and a shape memory is being created in the form of an arc. Then the coupling... (4) It is integrated into the mechanical system by wrapping it around. The system starts working When started, the rotational movement coming from shaft 1 (1) is transferred to shaft 2 via coupling (4) 15 (2) Mechanical vibrations generated during transmission are also transmitted onto the wire (3). Tel (3), Characteristic internal friction mechanism of NiTi alloy and strain-induced phase By transforming it, it absorbs a significant portion of this vibrational energy, thus providing mechanical protection. It converts into energy loss. Thus, the vibration amplitude passing through the coupling (4) vibrations are reduced and the spread of vibrations to other elements of the system is prevented. 20 The system layout shown in Figure 1 and the mechanical structure given in Figure 2 together When evaluated, the wire (3) is directly in the coupling (4) region where the vibrations are most intense. because it is positioned to control vibrations before they spread This structure ensures that the damping process is carried out without any issues in the system. not at the point where the vibration occurs, but in the mechanical connection area 25 This is achieved by reducing both the vibration amplitude and the bearings. Dynamic loads on gears, shafts, and other rotating elements are reduced. As a result of experimental studies carried out within the scope of the invention, especially the suitable phase If wire (3) with the characteristic is used, vibration in the working range of 20–40 rpm. It has been determined that a reduction in amplitude of approximately 0.5% to 13% was achieved. This 30 The situation shows that the wire (3) is not only a structural element but also a component of the system. 7 that it functions as an integrated passive energy dissipation element This is demonstrated by external electrical power, sensors, actuators, or electronic control systems. without using any other means, by utilizing only the physical properties of the material Vibrations are reduced. In this respect, the invention offers 5 solutions to existing mechanical systems with minimal structural changes. feasible, low-cost, energy-free, and requires no maintenance. A modular vibration system that can be easily adapted to existing coupling designs. It offers a damping solution.

Claims

8 REQUESTS 1. The invention relates to mechanical problems that arise during operation in rotary mechanical systems. A passive damping element (T) developed to reduce vibrations. Its characteristic is;  This is the input shaft of the system, and it receives the rotational movement and torque from the drive element. shaft 1 (1) to transmit to coupling (4);  The rotational movement transmitted through the coupling (4) is mechanical on the output side transmitting to the system and after the vibrations are brought under control, To maintain power transmission with low vibration level, shaft 2 (2);  The coupling (4) is wrapped helically around the outer surface where the vibrations are concentrated 10 creating continuous contact in the region, high internal damping of the alloy. vibration thanks to its capacity, phase transformation and hysteresis behavior by absorbing its energy, thus reducing the amplitude of mechanical vibration. wire (3) to perform passive vibration damping in the system;  By providing a mechanical connection between shaft 1 (1) and shaft 2 (2) and rotation 15 transmitting the moment and acting as a carrier surface for the wire (3) and continuously with the wire Because they are in contact, the vibrations are effectively transmitted to the wire. coupling (4) to enable transfer;  Mechanical connection between shaft 1 (1) and shaft 2 (2) with coupling (4) by ensuring that the torque is transmitted without loss 20 on the wedge (5) It is characterized by its inclusion.

2. The passive damping element (T) conforming to claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the mentioned wire (3) NITI is a shape memory alloy wire.

Images