A SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC EVALUATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY DATA FOR MANUFACTURING PROCESSES.

Abstract

The invention relates to a computer-aided system that automatically assesses the suitability of a part for manufacturing processes by extracting geometric information from three-dimensional geometric data. Specifically, the invention relates to a system that identifies production-related geometric features from neutral three-dimensional part data that does not contain a feature tree; assesses the suitability of the part, individually or in combination, for roller forming, stretch bending, and press forming processes; and links this assessment to engineering calculations and outputs for operation and mold planning.

Description

1 TARIFF PRODUCTION PROCESSES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY DATA SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC ASSESSMENT OF SUITABILITY Technical Area The invention extracts geometric information from three-dimensional geometric data, enabling the production of a part. 5 a computer-aided system that automatically assesses compliance with processes It is related to. The invention specifically involves manufacturing from neutral three-dimensional part data that does not contain a feature tree. determining the important geometric characteristics in terms of; forming the part with a cylinder, Suitable for stretching, bending and press forming processes, individually or in combination. 10 evaluating and basing this evaluation on engineering calculations, operation and molding. It relates to a system that links planning outcomes. State of the Art Today, the reproducibility of three-dimensional geometric data is being evaluated. Computer-aided design, manufacturing, and engineering (CAD / CAM / CAE) and digital 15 It is a well-known practice in engineering fields. Production of sheet metal and profile parts. Commercial software solutions are available for analyzing compliance with these processes. In the current state of technology, the production process can be derived from three-dimensional geometric data. Determination is often based on manual measurement, user experience, or parametric models. It depends on the information. Neutral standards such as the Product Model Data Exchange Standard (STEP) 20 Since the formats do not contain a feature tree that includes the formation history of the part; hole, Interpretation of channel, cutting, bending and local shaping zones is an additional process. This may take time. In the known situation, different production processes can also be applied together on the same part. If present, the processes must be separate and independent of each other. 25 evaluation; geometric data errors and evaluation among users these differences could lead to incorrect process selection or faulty engineering calculations. This involves a standard control and reporting mechanism for the analysis results. Failure to provide this information reduces the traceability of the evaluation. 2 Therefore, in the relevant technical field, it is necessary to be able to work with neutral three-dimensional geometric data. multiple systems that can automatically identify geometrically important features for production. able to evaluate the production process together and control the results A system capable of reporting is needed. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions regarding topic 5 Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. Purpose of the Invention The invention was created by drawing inspiration from existing situations and overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks. It aims to solve it. 10 The main purpose of this invention is to utilize three-dimensional geometric data from a manufacturing engineering perspective. a system that enables automatic, standardized and repeatable evaluation to present. Another aim of the invention is to analyze neutral geometry data that does not contain a feature tree. The aim is to reduce the need for manual measurement and remodeling by working with this method. 15 Another aim of the invention is to automatically determine geometric characteristics that are important for production. to determine and perform cylinder forming, stretch bending and press forming of the part The goal is to evaluate the suitability of the processes, individually or in combination. Another purpose of the invention is to apply geometric evaluation results to engineering calculations. by linking it to operation and mold planning outputs, 20 in production planning. The aim is to ensure that usable technical values ​​are obtained. Another purpose of the invention is to make the evaluation results controllable, traceable and by making it reportable, the risk of incorrect process selection and user dependency The goal is to reduce differences in assessment. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in Figure 25 below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood as such, and therefore the evaluation will also take these forms and detailed explanations into account. This should be done taking that into consideration. Figures that will help understand the invention. 3 Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating the overall operation of the system. Explanation of Part References 1. Data receiving unit 2. Geometry assessment unit 3. Production feature recognition unit 5 4. Process evaluation unit 5. Engineering calculation unit 6. Operations and mold planning unit 7. Control and reporting unit Detailed Description of the Invention 10 In this detailed description, the preferred configurations of the system that is the subject of the invention are listed only. This is explained to facilitate a better understanding of the subject. The system described in this invention is designed to perform the modules described below. It includes at least one configured processor. The system in question is a three-dimensional part. data receiving unit (1) which enables the entry of the data into the system, part 15 from the said data geometry that determines its geometric structure and production-related important regions. evaluation unit (2), holes, channels, cuts, bends and in the specified regions Production feature recognition unit (3) which classifies the shaping features, classified Depending on the specifications, the part can be formed by roller forming, stretch bending, and press forming. Process 20 which evaluates the suitability of processes individually or in combination. evaluation unit (4), production planning according to the evaluation result engineering calculation unit (5) that produces usable technical values, determined Operation and molding that associate characteristics with production stages and operation groups. the planning unit (6) and the control that creates a technical report by checking the analysis results. and includes the reporting unit (7). 25 The data receiving unit (1) is the input point where the three-dimensional part data is transferred to the system. The subject unit is a product model data exchange standard (STEP) or similar neutral standard. a three-dimensional image in a format that lacks a feature tree containing the creation history of the part. It is configured to receive part data. Thus, the system is a parametric model. 30 regardless of knowledge or user-defined feature history It can work. 4 The geometry evaluation unit (2) takes the three-dimensional data from the data acquisition unit (1) into one It evaluates the basic geometric structure of the part according to the reference coordinate system; It extracts and identifies the production-critical areas of the part. These areas are the parts of the component. It is distinguished by its surface and edge geometry. For this purpose, the unit in question is called a part. The surfaces, edges, and neighborhood relationships that make up the model are 5 It is structured to use a geometry analysis algorithm that examines the problem. Production feature recognition unit (3), obtained from geometry evaluation unit (2) The areas in terms of production include holes, channels, cuts, bends, and local shaping. It divides features into meaningful attribute classes. This classification involves the geometric relationship of each attribute. It is done according to its characteristics. 10 Process evaluation unit (4), obtained from production feature recognition unit (3) Forming, stretching, bending, and rolling the part using classified properties. It evaluates its suitability for press forming processes. The evaluation can be done separately for each process, or on the same part. In cases where multiple processes are present together, the suitability of a process is 15. the result will be considered in combination when evaluating other processes This can also be done. Thus, the processes can be separate and independent of each other. This reduces the risk of selecting the wrong process that might arise from the evaluation. Process evaluation unit (4), parameters used in the said evaluation Measurements and material data extracted directly from three-dimensional geometry data 20 It evaluates the material by relating it to the properties obtained from its base. For each criterion... Intermediate results such as suitable, borderline suitable, or not suitable can be generated; these intermediate results... The results are combined using weighted or priority decision rules for the relevant process. The final suitability result is generated. In cases where multiple production processes are present on the same part, 25 The system takes into account geometric dependencies between processes. For example, twisting. In the subsequent press forming operation, the bending radius and The forming depth is evaluated together with the suitability result for a process; It is used as an input parameter in the evaluation of the process. Thus, processes 30 It is analyzed through a combined conformity assessment. The engineering calculation unit (5) compiled the results of the process evaluation unit (4) and using geometric and material information about the part in production planning It produces usable technical specifications. Technical values ​​produced by the engineering calculation unit (5), operation and Data structured in a way that can be used directly by the mold planning unit (6) 5 It is transferred as such and is included in the technical report by the control and reporting unit (7). is presented. Accounting relationships are examples and preferred practice principles, and the invention is specific. It is not dependent on a calculation formula; the invention is derived from three-dimensional geometric data. Production planning based on measurable geometric and material parameters This includes the automatic calculation of usable technical values. 10 Operation and mold planning unit (6), obtained from production feature recognition unit (3) the results of the characteristics and process evaluation unit (4), appropriate production stages and It associates with operation groups; thus, a pre-operation for the production of the part. It contributes to the creation of a sequence or pattern plan. The control and reporting unit (7) checks the results obtained in previous units and 15 It presents these through a user interface and a technical report. This allows for evaluation. The results are made traceable and reportable. In an application of the invention, the units of the system work together in a connected manner; in one unit The result obtained forms the input for the unit that follows it. Accordingly, geometry The output of the evaluation unit (2) is the input of the production feature recognition unit (3), this 20 The output of the unit is the input of the process evaluation unit (4) and the process evaluation The result is the engineering calculation unit (5) and the operation and mold planning unit (6) It creates the input. In an example application of the system described in the invention; a sheet metal used in the automotive industry. or three-dimensional part data of the profile part is entered into the system via the data acquisition unit (1) 25 is loaded. The geometry evaluation unit (2) loads this data into a reference coordinate system. It evaluates the situation accordingly and identifies the production-critical areas of the part. Then... The production feature recognition unit (3) is activated and the determined areas are identified as holes, channels, cuts, It classifies them according to bending and local shaping characteristics. The classified characteristics are: It is given as input to the process evaluation unit (4); this unit is given the part with the cylinder 30 Its suitability for forming, stretching, bending, and press forming processes is unique. 6 or evaluates them together. The resulting suitability is used for engineering calculations. technical values ​​which can be used in production planning are transferred to unit (5); The operation and mold planning unit (6) produces these values ​​and process results accordingly. It is associated with the production stages. Finally, the control and reporting unit (7) obtained It checks the results and compiles them into a technical report, which can be viewed via the user interface. 5 presents. A processor determines the suitability of three-dimensional geometric data for manufacturing processes. It is a method for automatic evaluation through; i. a neutral three-dimensional object that lacks a feature tree containing the formation history of the part. Retrieving part data, 10 ii. by evaluating the acquired part data according to a reference coordinate system Identifying the production-critical areas of the part, iii. drilling, grooving, cutting, bending, and shaping in the specified areas. classification of characteristics, iv. Forming, stretching, bending of the part according to the classified characteristics. 15 and its suitability for die forming processes, multiple processes together. If applicable, the conformity result of one process affects other processes. should be evaluated collectively, taking into account the assessment process. v. can be used in production planning according to the obtained suitability result. Production of technical values, 20 vi. A technical report detailing the technical values ​​produced and the process conformity result. presentation It includes the steps involved in the process. In a preferred application of the invention, the geometry evaluation unit (2) The alignment and referencing coordinate system process performed on the part is 25 This is done based on specific geometric references; thus, the part data follows It is brought to a standard reference position for the steps. In a preferred application, the geometry evaluation unit (2) is for each surface. surface normal vector, local curvature values ​​(Gaussian curvature and / or mean Curvature determines the surface radius, planarity, and surface area. Also 30 The dihedral angle between adjacent surfaces, edge continuity information (G0, G1 or G2) 7 The continuity, edge length, surface orientation, and the connection topology of the surfaces are derived. These geometric dimensions are evaluated together to determine their importance in terms of part production. The areas are detected automatically. In a preferred application, key production areas include the bending zones. cylindrical bending zones, stretching and forming zones, press-formed 5 local deformation zones, hole surrounds, channel zones and shear boundaries They are classified. For example, the dihedral angle between two planar surfaces can range from 10° to 170°. being between them and these surfaces showing continuity along the common edge In this case, the relevant area can be marked as a candidate for bending. Similarly, fixed The continuity of cylindrical surfaces with radius 10 along a specific axis In this case, the forming area can be defined with a cylinder. In a preferred application, the unit of geometry evaluation (2) is measurable geometric. It is structured to use criteria such as the angle and curvature between adjacent surfaces. prior knowledge of radius, edge continuity, surface normal variation, and local curvature gradient. Defined threshold values ​​are used. For example, the 15 between adjacent surface normals. If the angle change exceeds a certain threshold value (e.g., 10°), the radius of curvature... smaller or larger than a certain multiple of the material thickness (e.g., in the range of 0.5-10 times). The absence of G1 continuity and its presence in the production-critical region are significant factors. can be evaluated. These threshold values ​​can be defined as fixed or as part of a system. Dynamically, also, taking into account the material, thickness, or target production process, 20 It can be determined. In a preferred application, the production feature recognition unit (3), geometry evaluation geometric regions obtained from unit (2) predefined geometric and It will use a rule-based recognition algorithm that classifies according to topological rules. It is structured as follows. This classification is based on surface type (planar, cylindrical, 25 (conical, freeform), surface normal orientation, radius of curvature, adjacent surfaces angle between surfaces, edge continuity, edge length, surface area, connection of surfaces measurable geometric criteria such as topology and closed-loop formation status together This is done through evaluation. In a preferred application, the system determines the geometric properties according to specific decision rules. It classifies. For example, the continuity of a cylindrical surface along a specific axis. If it shows a hole and has circular boundary surfaces at its ends, the relevant region is a hole. 8 It is defined as the joining of two planar surfaces along a common edge, and if the dihedral angle between them is within a predefined range The relevant region is classified as a twist zone. The area between two parallel twist zones. The volumetric structure that provides a specific width / depth ratio is defined as the channel. External Edges that create discontinuities along the boundary are defined as shear boundaries, while curvature 5 Areas where change is concentrated locally and defines specific geographical boundaries It is classified as a shaping zone. In a preferred application, the decision rules in question include angle thresholds and radius of curvature. boundaries, edge continuity status, lower limit of surface area, and geometric ratios, etc. It is based on predefined numerical threshold values. These threshold values ​​are material 10 fixed or dynamic, taking into account thickness, part type or target production process. It can be determined. In an alternative application, the production feature recognition unit (3) is the geometric mentioned above. A learning-based classification model (machine learning) that uses features as input. This can also be done with the (learning model). The model in question is based on 15 previously labeled models. It can be trained using training data obtained from production characteristics, and can produce holes, channels, etc. It can automatically classify bending, cutting, and local shaping characteristics. However, the preferred application of the invention is rule-based geometric classification. That is the approach. In another preferred application of the invention, the process evaluation unit (4), 20 In cases where a part is suitable for more than one process, the processes should be given a specific priority. It evaluates them in sequence and produces a combined process compliance result. In a preferred application, the process evaluation unit (4), production feature recognition Geometric properties obtained from unit (3) and the geometric and material properties of the part By evaluating the parameters together, it can be determined whether the part is suitable for a specific production process. 25 by using a technical decision-making mechanism that determines whether or not It is structured. The evaluation in question takes into account the bending radius (R) and material thickness. (t), bend angle, bend length, radius of curvature, straight section length, channel width, part width, part length, width / thickness ratio (W / t), length / thickness ratio (L / t), material yield strength 30 measurable parameters such as strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and allowable strain limit. This is done using technical parameters. 9 In a preferred application for bending evaluation, the minimum internal bending radius is considered. The ratio between the thickness of the material and the load is one of the key criteria. For example, low For carbon steel sheets, the R / t ratio is approximately in the range of 0.8-1.5, resulting in high strength. approximately 1.5-3.0 for steels and approximately 1.0-2.5 for aluminum alloys. It can be considered acceptable to be within this range. Additionally, there should be sufficiently straight edges in the bending area. the length must be determined, and the minimum characteristics of the holes or channels near the bending line must be met. ensuring safety distance and bending angle within predefined operating limits Being included is among the evaluation criteria. In a preferred application for evaluating cylinder forming, the part's cylindrical surface continuity, 10 having a continuous geometry along the cylindrical axis. the radius of curvature must be within the target cylinder diameter range and the part width must be The thickness ratio is considered to be above a certain lower limit. The width / thickness ratio... (W / t) being approximately in the range of 10-300 indicates suitability for cylinder forming. It can be used as an indicator. In a preferred application for press forming evaluation, local 15 forming depth, drawing ratio, flange width, corner radius, strain distribution, and The allowable elongation limit of the material is taken into account. Calculated equivalent strain. the value should not exceed the allowable plastic elongation value of the material and shaping its radius being a certain multiple of the material thickness (e.g., approximately 0.5-10 times) The range (not being too small) can be used as an eligibility criterion. 20 In a preferred application, the engineering calculation unit (5) is geometry. obtained by the evaluation unit (2) and the production feature recognition unit (3) geometric information along with material thickness, material type, yield strength, tensile strength by evaluating material parameters such as strength and elastic properties together It produces one or more of the following technical outputs: unfolding size, twist compensation, 25 twist reduction, neutral axis position and K-factor, required twist force or press tonnage, recommended cylinder diameter for cylinder forming and minimum cylinder radius, Estimated forming force for stretching, bending or press forming, recommended. Number of operations, suggested operation sequence, estimated number of molding stations, estimated 30 during shaping with cycle time, material usage rate and scrap amount Estimation of potential strain or deformation. In a preferred application, the unfolding dimension for bending operations is the length of the straight section. It is calculated by adding the total cost and the twist compensation. Twist compensation is the sum of the twists. radius (R), material thickness (t), bending angle (A), and neutral axis coefficient (K) BA is determined using the relation BA = (A × π / 180) × (R + K × t). In a preferred application, the required force in press forming applications is 5. Tonnage estimation is based on cutting circumference (L), material thickness (t), and material strength (σ). Depending on its parameters, it is determined according to the relationship F = L × t × σ × C, where C It represents the process-dependent correction factor. In preferred applications, engineering in cylinder forming applications. calculation unit (5), radius of curvature of the part, material thickness and elastic return 10 Recommended cylinder diameter and minimum applicable diameter, taking into account spring characteristics. Calculates the cylinder radius. The unit also includes the number of recognized manufacturing specifications and It determines the recommended number of operations and the order of operations according to the distribution. In another preferred application of the invention, the control and reporting unit (7) The technical report prepared by; part dimensions, recognized manufacturing specifications, 15 process recommendations and technical values ​​obtained from the engineering calculation unit (5) It includes both. Data acquisition unit (1) in a preferred application of the invention, STEP AP203, STEP AP214, STEP AP242, IGES, Parasolid (X_T / X_B), ACIS (SAT) and similar neutral three-phase systems. It is configured to directly read 3D geometry formats. Thus, 20 The system involves remodeling models created in different CAD software. It can function without needing to be done. In another preferred application of the invention, the system uses a three-dimensional laser scanner. structured light scanner, optical scanning system, coordinate measuring instrument (CMM) or 25 created from point cloud or network data obtained from similar measurement systems It is structured to handle three-dimensional geometric models as well. Thus through geometry obtained by scanning a physically produced part A production process suitability analysis can be performed. In another preferred application of the invention, the system incorporates material properties. It works in conjunction with a materials database. This database contains 30 low-carbon materials. steel, high-strength steel, dual-phase steel, martensitic steel, stainless steel, 11 Yield strength and tensile strength of aluminum alloys and similar material classes. strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, coefficients of flexure, and springback. The parameters are stored. Process evaluation unit (4) and engineering calculation. Unit (5) automatically uses the relevant material parameters to determine suitability and production. It performs its calculations. 5 Another preferred application of the invention is the system, CAD / CAM, product lifecycle. with production management (PLM), enterprise resource planning (ERP) or manufacturing management systems It is structured to exchange data. The process is created as a result of the analysis. Recommendations, operation sequence, mold plan, tonnage information and technical report are uploaded to the relevant systems. It can be transferred automatically. 10 Another preferred application of the invention is with the production feature recognition unit (3). Process evaluation unit (4), a production rule that can be updated by the user. It uses a database. This database contains bend radius limits and minimum edge limits. distances, hole-bending distances, cylinder diameter limits, forming coefficients and Process priority rules can be defined; the system resets to 15 when new rules are added. It can continue to operate without being programmed. In another preferred application of the invention, the process evaluation unit (4), combined Dependency between different production processes using a process evaluation matrix. It evaluates their relationships. The matrix in question involves cutting, drilling, bending, stretching, and bending. The order of applicability and mutual effects among die forming processes 20 It performs automatic process prioritization by taking this into account. In another preferred application of the invention, the control and reporting unit (7), production It performs verification of tolerances. The system verifies geometric dimensions and shape. tolerances (GD&T), bending tolerances, hole position tolerances, and forming tolerances. By evaluating tolerances, it automatically identifies 25 deviations that are critical in terms of manufacturability. reports. The substructures mentioned above can be implemented individually or in combination, and the invention Without changing its basic operating principle, the system can be adapted to different production environments and different data. Technical solutions that enable adaptation to their sources and different material classes. It consists of 30 12 The invention relates to computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) of sheet metal and profile parts. in manufacturing facilities, the suitability of three-dimensional part data to production processes It can be applied for the purpose of automatic evaluation. The invention; proposal preparation, manufacturability check, process planning, mold pre-work and engineering verification It can be used in various activities. The system is suitable for automotive, white goods, building profiles, metal goods and 5 It is applicable in sectors where similar sheet metal or profile production takes place. The invention is subject to evaluation. shortening the duration, resulting from differences in user-dependent evaluations reducing errors and making the manufacturability assessment standard, traceable and It creates a reportable structure. 15 25

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. Automatic verification of the suitability of three-dimensional geometric data for production processes. It is a system designed for evaluation, and its characteristic feature is that it has at least one processor and configured to be performed by the processor in question; • neutral three 5 that does not have a feature tree containing the formation history of the part a data acquisition unit that receives dimensional part data (1), • by evaluating the acquired data according to a reference coordinate system a geometry that identifies the production-critical areas of the part evaluation unit (2), • Drilling, grooving, cutting, bending and shaping in designated areas 10 a production feature recognition unit (3) that classifies its features • forming and stretching of the part with a cylinder according to classified characteristics suitability for bending and press forming processes, multiple a suitability result for a process when the processes are present together combined 15 to be taken into consideration in the evaluation of other processes a process evaluation unit (4) that evaluates as such, • Production planning according to the result of the process evaluation unit (4) an engineering calculation unit that produces usable technical values (5), • Features obtained from the production feature recognition unit (3) and process 20 the result of the evaluation unit (4), production stages and operation an operations and pattern planning unit that associates with groups (6), • a control and a technical report that checks the analysis results. reporting unit (7) It includes. 25 2. According to claim 1, the system is characterized by its data receiving unit (1), product model. three-dimensional part data in STEP (Standard Data Exchange) format It is structured in such a way that it can receive it.

3. According to claim 1, the system is characterized by: process evaluation unit (4), part 30 When applicable to multiple processes, prioritize the processes accordingly. 14 by evaluating them in order, it will produce a combined process compliance result. It is structured in this way.

4. According to claim 1, the system is characterized by its operation and mold planning unit (6), By relating the determined characteristics and process suitability result, part 5 to create a preliminary operation sequence or mold plan for its production It is structured.

5. A processor to determine the suitability of three-dimensional geometric data for manufacturing processes. It is a method for automatic evaluation through which; its characteristic is; 10 i. a neutral three that does not have a feature tree containing the formation history of the part Obtaining dimensional part data, ii. the acquired part data relative to a reference coordinate system 15 of the parts that are important from a production perspective are evaluated. determination, iii. drilling, grooving, cutting, bending, and shaping in the specified areas. classification of characteristics, iv. Forming and stretching of the part with a cylinder according to the classified characteristics. Its suitability for bending and press forming processes, more than 20 a suitability result for a process when the processes are present together combined in a way that will be taken into account in the evaluation of other processes is considered as such, v. Production planning according to the obtained compliance result Generating usable technical values, 25 vi. A technical report detailing the technical values ​​produced and the process conformity result. presented in this form It includes the steps of the process.

6. The method according to claim 5, its characteristic is that production is based on the conformity result obtained. 30 produced in the step of generating technical values ​​that can be used in planning. technical values, specified specifications, production stages and operation groups This involves creating a preliminary operation sequence or mold plan in conjunction with the diagram.

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