PRECISION TUNING MECHANISM FOR STRINGED INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

The invention relates to a tuning mechanism (1) that eliminates tuning problems caused by atmospheric conditions and string pull force in stringed instruments such as the kanun, santur, zither and piano, enabling precise and fast tuning. The mechanism (1) includes at least one sleeve (2) fixed to the instrument body and at least one peg (3) placed inside this sleeve (2) containing a central section (3b) around which the instrument string is wound. The lower part (3a) of the said peg (3) contains at least one inner socket (4) with a variable cross-section in the axial direction and at least one slot (5) extending in the radial and axial directions. At least one tensioning element (6) is inserted into the said inner socket (4) by advancing it; it contacts the inner socket surface (41) and flexes the lower section (3a) outwards, ensuring very precise adjustment and fixation of the friction tension between the peg (3) and the sleeve (2).

Description

1 TARIFF PRECISION TUNING MECHANISM FOR STRINGED INSTRUMENTS Technical Area The invention has implications for the musical instrument manufacturing and instrument mechanisms industry, particularly for the kanun, santur, In stringed instruments such as the zither and piano, tuning involves tightening the strings, and the resulting tuning is measured in 5. It involves a mechanical tuning mechanism that ensures the uninterrupted maintenance of its stability. More specifically, the present invention addresses the effects of atmospheric conditions and humidity changes on stringed instruments. and tuning problems, loosening, and issues with wooden bearings caused by the pull force of the string. To eliminate deformations: a sleeve fixed to the instrument body; this sleeve It has a grooved structure inside that rotates and moves axially, and it has a wire winding section on it, and 10 an auger with an internal slot of variable cross-section at its base and radial / axial slits leading into this internal slot; and advanced axially within the inner socket of the said screw, with the slotted lower section facing outwards. by stretching and compressing it against the casing wall, thereby reducing friction tension between the casing and the screw. A precision tuner containing a tensioning element that adjusts and secures with less than a millimeter of precision. It is related to the mechanism. 15 State of the Art Today, in the instrument manufacturing and musical instrument mechanisms industry, especially for the qanun (a type of zither), Tuning is the process of adjusting the strings on traditional or Western stringed instruments such as the santur, zither, and piano. Various tuning elements are used to maintain stability and precisely adjust sound frequencies. These instruments are used by bringing the strings to a certain tension to achieve the desired frequency. Tuning is done through the use of pegs to which the strings are attached. In the previous technique, tuning elements, especially those used in the kanun instrument, were made of wood. These are conical tuning pegs. These traditional wooden tuning pegs fit into wooden slots in the instrument body. It is fitted based on the principle of friction and compression of conical surfaces. However, the wooden material... By its very nature, it is directly affected by atmospheric conditions, ambient humidity, and temperature and cold variations. 25 Due to its effects, the previous technique experienced serious mechanical and tuning problems. Humidity and... Due to the expansion or contraction of the wood depending on the temperature, the screws become stuck in their sockets. or it suddenly loosens and pops out of its socket. This causes the instrument to go out of tune very quickly. This leads to missed calls and distortion of the sounds during performance. 2 Another chronic problem with older wooden screw systems is wear and maintenance. These are the difficulties. During frequent tuning movements, the conical surface of the wooden peg comes into contact with the wood. As a result of the friction between the bedding, the contact surfaces become shiny, smooth, and auger-like. It starts to slip (not hold). Luthiers (instrument makers) and performers recognize this situation. To remove the imperfections, he manually sands the auger surfaces. However, this manual process... 5 During sanding operations, the conical angle cannot be maintained uniformly, and the circular form of the screw is deformed. and the tuning peg becomes completely unusable. Also, a kanun instrument has 78 pegs. Because there are wires and these wires have to be fused together in groups of three to the same frequency, Tuning with the unreliable and unstable wooden tuning pegs used in the previous technique took a very long time, and It causes a significant loss of sensitivity. 10 Some idler screw systems or standard systems have been developed to overcome these mechanical problems. In mechanical components, the tension of the strings and the skin stretches below the bridge must be taken into account. It is not possible to participate. In stringed instruments, when the string is tightened, there is a high pull on the bridge and body. a force (F force) is exerted. In standard screw or nut-based structures, this retraction force, By turning the mechanism in the opposite direction, it releases the tuning backwards and allows the system to hold its tuning for a long time. 15 This makes it impossible. It determines how tightly the screws will be tightened or how freely they will turn. The absence of a precise tension / friction control mechanism that can adjust it, mechanical screw This has prevented the widespread adoption of these practices. In conclusion, it is unaffected by atmospheric conditions and does not cause wood deformations. The user can precisely measure the friction tension (resistance) of the screw inside the housing. It can be adjusted in this way, resisting the pull-back force of the string and preventing it from going out of tune. an integrated precision tuner that allows for very quick and precise tuning of the instrument. The need for this mechanism has made it necessary to improve the existing invention. Purpose and Brief Description of the Invention The primary purpose of the invention is to protect stringed instruments such as the kanun, santur, zither, and piano from atmospheric conditions. and is not affected by ambient humidity, does not cause deformation or wear on wooden beds, The user can precisely determine the friction resistance (tension) between the barrel and the auger. It can be adjusted and fixed, resists the pull force of the string, and does not go out of tune. a tuning mechanism that allows for precise tuning of the instrument in a very short time to improve. 30 Another objective of the invention is to create an inner housing with a variable cross-section in the lower part of the screw that fits inside the casing. and this inner cavity penetrates the wall thickness radially to the outer surface and also axially. 3 with extending slits; radial movement of the lower section by means of axial movement of the tensioning element in the center. The purpose is to allow it to flex outwards in one direction and exert mechanical pressure on the inner wall of the casing. Another aim of the invention is to distribute stress and tension widely at the inner point where the slits in the screw body terminate. by positioning circular tension relief holes that distribute the tension across an area; the tension applied by the tensioning element Fracture of brass, aluminum, or composite material under radial stress and repeated deflections, 5 The goal is to prevent cracking and fatigue. Another objective of the invention is to reduce the friction stiffness of the screw inside the sleeve (front) by means of a tensioning element. (tension) once adjusted, keep this structure locked and stable; with a tuning key to ensure the tensioner maintains its position during tuning operations and to secure the string. The goal is to perform the stretching / relaxing axial movement without compromising friction performance. 10 Another aim of the invention is to capture the high retraction force generated by tensioning the instrument string, and The skin stretches below the threshold; the tensioning element is attached to the inner surface of the sleeve via slits. by applying a controlled friction force to dampen the surface, thus allowing it to absorb moisture during performance or while waiting. The goal is to completely prevent the system from spontaneously releasing backflow and going out of tune during these periods. Another purpose of the invention is to clamp the beehive to the instrument wood with a nut or externally 15 It is fitted by means of milled teeth / ridges on its surface (with a tight fit) without the need for gluing. To enable modular fastening; wooden parts that are worn or need to be replaced. The aim is to allow for easy removal and reattachment without damaging the body. The invention consists of at least one housing fixed to the instrument body and placed inside that housing; at least one subdivision, at least one middle section around which the instrument string is wound, and 20 where the rotational motion is transmitted. A tuning mechanism for a stringed instrument that includes at least one tuning peg and at least one upper section.  The screw in question must have at least one internal socket with a variable cross-section in the axial direction at its lower section. and in the lower section, it traverses radially from the inner housing to the outer surface, as well as at least one crack extending at least partially in the axial direction, providing flexibility to the body has and 25  inserted or advanced into the inner socket of the auger in question, and inside During its axial movement within the housing, it contacts the inner housing surface and the lower section moves outwards. at least one tensioner that adjusts the tension between the screw and the housing by properly stretching it. It includes the element. 4 Brief Description of the Figures Reference Numbers 1. Tuning mechanism 2 Hives 21 Internal teeth of the hive 5 22 Housing fixing elements 3 Screws 3a Subsection 3b Middle section 3c Upper section 10 31 wire holes 4 inner slots 41 Inner housing surface Slit 6 Tensioning elements 15 61 Angled tip 62 Key slots Figures 1a and 1b A general perspective view and close-up of a stringed instrument (kanun). Perspective views are provided. Figure 2 Assembled perspective view of the screw and barrel elements that are the subject of the invention. is provided. Figure 3 The invention is a composite perspective of the screw and tensioning element components. An image is given. Figures 4a and 4b General perspective view and close-up of the screw element that is the subject of the invention. Perspective views are provided. Figure 5 A close-up view from below of the screw element that is the subject of the invention. is provided. Figure 6 Exploded perspective view of the tuning mechanism that is the subject of the invention. is provided. Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the tuning mechanism that is the subject of the invention. Figures 8a and 8b The subject of the invention is the general tensioning element of a tuning mechanism. Perspective views are provided. Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the screw element from the previous technique. Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention protects stringed instruments such as the qanun, santur, zither, and piano from atmospheric conditions and humidity. Eliminates tuning problems caused by changes in tuning and string pull force. It removes and prevents wood deformations; it provides precise, easy and extremely fast tuning. It is related to a tension-controlled tuning mechanism (1) that enables this. 5 The invention consists of: tuning mechanism (1), sleeve (2), sleeve internal threads (21), sleeve fixing element. (22), screw (3), lower section (3a), middle section (3b), upper section (3c), wire hole (31), inner socket (4), inner socket surface (41), slot (5), tensioning element (6), angled end (61) and key housing (62) elements It includes. In the tuning mechanism (1) in question, 10 are attached to the wooden pegboard / body of the instrument. at least one sleeve (2) fixed in which the screw (3) rotates and moves axially. It is located on the inner surface of the casing (2), establishing a screw-nut relationship with the outer threads of the screw (3). The sleeve has internal teeth (21) that provide precise movement in the axial direction. The sleeve (2) The attachment to the instrument body can be accomplished using two different technical methods. The first one is... In this method, after the hive (2) is placed on top of the wooden housing, a hive 15 is placed on the bottom of the body. In the second method, the sleeve is locked to the wood by means of the fixing element (22). (2) by means of milling teeth or serrated structures on its outer surface, the beehive (2) into the wooden housing. rigidly secured by being nailed / fastened (by fixation method) without the need for glue. It can be fixed in place. The screw (3) placed inside the housing (2) has a stepped functionality along the axial line 20 It consists of three main parts (3a, 3b, 3c). The bottom of the screw (3) that enters the casing (2) This subsection (3a) has a grooved / toothed form on its outer surface that matches the inner teeth (21) of the sleeve. (3a) having a conical / angular or variable cross-section profile that tapers inwards at the axial center At least one inner slot (4) has been opened. Also in the lower section (3a), from the inner slot (4) in the center to the outer surface. piercing the wall thickness in the radial direction (connecting the inner cavity with the outer environment) and also 25 There is at least one crack (5) extending at least partially upwards from the base in the axial direction. In the preferred configuration of the invention, the slits (5) optimize the flexural balance and load distribution. four channels (cross-shaped) preferably positioned opposite each other to make It is designed to prevent the material from breaking or cracking due to repeated stretching. In order to distribute the stress and tension at the inner point where the split (5) ends in the screw (3) body, circular 30 At least one stress relief hole is located in the structure. 6 The middle section (3b) of the tuning peg (3) is a cylindrical section around which the instrument string is wound in a straight line. It has a geometry that includes at least one wire hole through which the end of a wire can be passed and secured. (31) contains. The upper part of the screw (3) facing the outside of the instrument (3c) is the aesthetic part of the instrument. protecting its identity and gripping an external tuning key and turning the screw (torque) (3) It has an angled / gripable cross-section that allows for transmission. 5 by screwing into the inner socket (4) in the lower section (3a) of the screw (3) or by advancing it axially The installed tensioning element (6); intervention with an Allen key or screwdriver at the bottom a key slot (62) and an angled end (61) that contacts the inner slot surface (41) at the top It includes. The tensioning element (6) can be a setscrew bolt. In the system, pre-tension and friction adjustment is operated as follows: before the tuning process or 10 During the assembly phase of the instrument, one of the key slots (62) at the base of the screw (3) Using an Allen key / screwdriver, the tensioning element (6) is advanced axially inside the inner socket (4). The angled end (conical) (61) of the tensioning element (6) mechanically compresses the tapering surface (41) of the inner housing (4). As we apply it, thanks to the slotted (5) structure, the lower part (3a) of the screw (3) moves outwards in the radial direction. It is opening / flexing. The lower section (3a) that flexes outwards is attached to the inner surface and teeth (21) of the casing (2). By applying pressure, the friction resistance (tension) between the screw (3) and the sleeve (2) is increased to the desired hardness. It brings it to that level. Once the desired friction stiffness is achieved, the tensioning element (6) is fixed inside the inner housing (4). It remains in place and rotates as a whole with the tuning peg (3) during tuning. User tuning When you insert the key into the upper part of the screw (3c) and turn it; the screw (3) gear 20 inside the sleeve (2). It rotates linearly on the bed and tightens and loosens the wire wrapped around the middle section (3b) until the end. It enables extremely fast and precise tuning. The retraction that occurs when the string is tightened. Although the force and subthreshold skin stretches try to turn the screw (3) backward; stretching The mechanical friction force that the element (6) applies to the shell (2) wall through the slits (5) is this It dampens the return torque, thus preventing the system from spontaneously disengaging and going out of tune. 25 It is being blocked. The components of the invention, the screw (3) and the sleeve (2), have high mechanical strength and wear resistance. Steel-cored aluminum, brass, fiber / carbon composites, Delrin, Kestamide, Bakelite, or polycarbonate. They can be produced from materials using precise CNC machining techniques. 7 Step-by-Step Working Method of the Tuning Mechanism Subject to Invention The principle and method of use of the tuning mechanism (1) on the instrument is as follows: It includes successive stages:  Step 1: The sleeve (2) is placed in the instrument wood, the sleeve fixing element from the bottom (22) by being compressed or hammered into the wooden socket by means of the milling teeth on its outer surface 5 It is fixed.  Step 2: Insert the screw (3) element, which has a toothed outer surface, into the sleeve with the lower section (3a) facing forward. (2) is screwed into it and passed through the wire hole (31) in the middle section (3b) The instrument string is tied to the tuning peg (3) by wrapping it around it.  Step 3: By inserting it into the bottom base of the screw (3), the tensioning element (6) is tightened with a screwdriver 10 It is advanced axially within the inner housing (4).  Step 4: The angled end (61) of the axially advancing tensioning element (6) presses against the inner housing surface (41). By applying, the slotted (5) lower section (3a) flexes outwards in the radial direction and the sleeve (2) inside It makes it get stuck to the wall.  Step 5: Friction resistance (tension) of the screw (3) inside the sleeve (2) of the wire retraction 15 When the tension element (6) reaches a level that will overcome its force, its advancement is stopped. And the preliminary blood pressure adjustment is complete.  Step 6: By attaching an external tuning key to the top section of the tuning peg (3c), the tuning peg (3) is rotated; The screw (3) that moves vertically inside the sleeve (2) tightens the string, allowing for quick and precise tuning at the desired frequency. It accomplishes. 20  Step 7: After the tuning key is removed, the locked friction provided by the tensioning element (6) Thanks to its structure, the tuning peg (3) remains fixed, ensuring tuning stability against atmospheric conditions and string load. It is protected without interruption. Detailed Material and Thread Structure Alternatives of the Invention Elements The elements of the tuning mechanism (1) that is the subject of the invention are the screw (3) and the sleeve (2), use 25 its purpose, the mechanical requirements of the working environment, aesthetic preferences, or cost Depending on its parameters, it can be manufactured from different material groups and tooth configurations. It has this characteristic. 8 A) Engineering Plastics: Screw (3) and / or sleeve (2) elements; mechanical strength, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Liquid Crystal, has high wear resistance and machinability. Polymers (LCP), Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), Polyamide (PA), Polyarylsulfone (PSU / PPSU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyimide (PA), Polyoxymethylene (POM / Delrin), Polyphthalamide (PPA), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Thermoplastic 5 Polyester Elastomer (TPE-E) or Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) They can be manufactured from thermoplastic and polymer materials or combinations thereof. (for example, by injection molding). B) Fiber and Composite Materials: Vibration damping and high torsional strength. screw (3) and / or sleeve (2) elements to provide; phenolic fiber or carbon fiber 10 It can be machined from rod / composite materials. C) Metal Materials: To achieve high corrosion resistance and precise thread machinability. For this purpose, the elements in question are made of brass (yellow), bronze (red) or with a steel core inside. (2, 3) They can be produced from reinforced aluminum alloy rod materials using CNC machining techniques. D) Wood and Exotic Wood Materials: Preserving the instrument's traditional acoustic and visual identity. 15 For protection, screw (3) and / or sleeve (2) elements; high density and hardness ebony (ebony), rosewood, snakewood, or cedar (Pinaceae) It can be processed from exotic tree species. E and F) Thread Type and Pitch Alternatives: Lower section of the screw (3a) and inner threads of the sleeve In the screw-nut relationship between (21); metric or Whitworth thread systems can be used. 20  In the Metric System: M8x1.25 right-hand thread, M8x1.25 left-hand thread, M8x1 (fine pitch) right-hand thread or M8x1 (fine pitch) left-hand threads are preferable. Using a fine pitch (M8x1) is recommended. In this case, the amount of axial feed is made more precise, thus improving tuning resolution. is being increased.  Whitworth System: 5 / 16 inch right-hand thread, 5 / 16 inch left-hand thread, 5 / 16 inch right-hand thread. Dental or 5 / 16 inch left thin tooth types are applicable.  If left-handed dental structures are preferred, the wire winding direction and rotational resistance It can be mechanically reversed and customized according to the performer's usage habits.

Claims

9 REQUESTS 1. The invention consists of at least one sleeve (2) fixed to the instrument body and inside the said sleeve (2) placed; with at least one sub-section (3a) and at least one middle section (3b) around which the instrument string is wound. containing at least one screw (3) which has at least one upper section (3c) through which the rotational motion is transmitted Tuning mechanism for a stringed instrument (1) and its feature is; 5  The screw in question (3); in its lower section (3a) has a variable cross-section in the axial direction. to a small inner slot (4) and in the lower section (3a) from the inner slot (4) to the outer surface traversing the radial direction and extending at least partially in the axial direction having at least one slit (5) which gives flexibility to the body and  by screwing or advancing into the inner socket (4) of the said screw (3) 10 placed and during axial movement within the inner housing (4) on the inner housing surface by touching and stretching the lower section (3a) outwards between the screw (3) and the casing (2). It must contain at least one tensioning element (6) that regulates tension It is characterized by...

2. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is that the lower part of the peg (3) (3a), 15 passing through the grooves / teeth on the inner surface of the casing (2) and establishing a screw-nut relationship with the casing (2) characterized by having an external grooved / toothed form that provides axial movement inside. It is done.

3. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the peg (3) The middle section (3b) has at least one string hole through which an instrument string can be passed and secured. 20 It is characterized by having a flat cylindrical geometry containing a base.

4. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the said The upper part (3c) of the screw (3) rotates by inserting an external tuning key. It is characterized by having an angled / gripable cross-section which allows it to transmit to the screw (3). It is done. 25 5. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; The slits (5) located in the lower section (3a) of the screw (3) intersect each other and progress at least two It is characterized by having one or four channels.

6. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the said in an angled or stepped direction parallel to the axial line of the screw (3) of the slit (5). It is characterized by its length.

7. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; By distributing the stress on the material at the inner point where the crack (5) ends on the screw (3) 5 by including at least one circular or enlarged stress relief hole that prevents cracking It is the characterization of the situation.

8. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the internal the socket (4) has a conical profile that narrows axially inwards from the bottom base of the screw (3). It is characterized by having. 10 9. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the said The tension element (6) makes contact with the narrowing surface of the inner housing (4) and enables stretching. A setscrew bolt that has an angled end and a head suitable for a screwdriver or Allen key. It is characterized by being...

10. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; on the outer surface of the said sleeve (2), 15 Milling teeth that are fixed by being driven / snapped into the slot in the instrument body or It is characterized by the presence of serrated structures.

11. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the said screw (3) and casing (2); steel-cored aluminum, brass, fiber / carbon compounds, delrin, 20 made of kestamit, bakelite or polycarbonate materials or a combination thereof. It is characterized by the fact that it has been produced.

12. The tuning mechanism is (1) according to any of the previous requirements, and its feature is; the said The stringed instrument is characterized by being a qanun, santur, zither, or piano.

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