A biodegradable root guidance system that provides gradual deep root development, deep water redirection, and passive root aeration in trees.

Abstract

It is related to a root guidance system which includes a root guidance stem (1) with a biodegradable wall (20), root development volume (3), controlled lateral root exit zones (5) arranged at different vertical levels and angular positions, lower root exit opening (6), water collection surface (7), water conduction zone (8), water exit zones (9), passive air conduction channel (10), air inlet opening (11), air outlet zone (12) and protective air inlet element (13) that enables the roots to be directed to deeper soil levels in the early stages of the development of trees or seedlings, and aims to create a gradual three-dimensional root architecture by passing into the natural soil at different depths and directions and to ensure the continuation of natural root development by the biodegradable wall (20) degrading after the development period.

Description

1 TARIFF GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP ROOTS, DEEP WATER DIVERSION IN TREES. AND BIODEGRADABLE ROOTS THAT PROVIDE PASSIVE ROOT AERATION. GUIDANCE SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD The invention has applications in agriculture, forestry, fruit growing, horticulture, landscaping and afforestation. It relates to the root development and routing systems used. The invention specifically addresses the issue of at least one root in a tree or seedling during the initial stages of its development. directing the section physically into deeper soil layers, at different depths and by allowing controlled lateral root development at different angular positions along the trunk circumference rain and / or irrigation enable the creation of a tiered three-dimensional root architecture. allowing water to be transferred to the deep root zones, the natural temperature of the root zone is 15 and / or passive ventilation by taking advantage of pressure differences and with a root guidance system that is biodegradable after it has completed its function It is related. STATE OF THE ART 20 In tree and sapling planting, a planting hole suitable for the root volume of the plant is commonly used. The hole is being prepared, the seedling is placed in the said hole and the soil around the roots is or It is filled with a suitable growing medium. The direction of root development after seedling planting; plant species, soil characteristics, water and oxygen distribution in the soil, surface irrigation, climatic conditions and this occurs depending on various factors such as mechanical soil resistance. 25 Especially in areas with limited rainfall, surface irrigation, and where the topsoil layer is more... In conditions where the soil is loose or the mechanical resistance of the deep soil is high, the roots A significant portion of it can develop near the surface and in a horizontal direction. Near-surface roots. Its development depends on certain environmental conditions, such as drought and rapid moisture loss in the surface soil, This can limit its resistance to erosion and strong winds. 30 In the current state of the technique, there are various physical guidelines for directing root development. and products related to barrier structures are available. This is based on the state of the art. In the document numbered WO2014107761A1, which was identified in the literature search, a plant is described... a root that causes its roots to be directed downwards and along a spiral path 2 The guide is explained. In the structure mentioned, the roots follow a spiral trail / guide covered with soil. The aim is to promote growth along its length and thus increase root length. Related The document also mentions barriers designed to restrict root development in a specific direction. It also describes a flexible tube structure that forms a conducting pathway for root development. However, the aforementioned root guide is essentially a spiral of roots. 5 It is intended to be extended along the route, at different vertical levels and around the body. through multiple controlled lateral root emergence zones arranged at different angular positions It does not foresee the creation of a tiered and three-dimensional root architecture. US20160174470A1 was identified in a literature search conducted on the known state of the art. In document number [number], it is stated that plants and seedlings can be buried in the soil along with their roots, and the soil is 10. The text describes a biodegradable gardening container. The container in question... It contains openings that allow the roots to pass from the inside of the pot to the surrounding soil, and the wall on it, which can degrade faster than other parts of the wall or before planting It envisages thinner / weakened regions that can be separated. Thus, the container can be separated for a certain period of time. It provides structural protection and then decomposes, freeing up the plant's root development. 15 is provided. In the current state of the technique, roots are guided by means of physical structures and separate Although not known separately, a portion of the roots are physically involved in the tree's development during the early stages. directing it to deeper soil levels and also at different vertical levels 20 and controlled lateral root emergence zones arranged at different angular positions around the trunk. a targeted root system that allows the roots to gradually penetrate the natural soil. After its architecture is formed, it biodegrades, creating a permanent root barrier. A structure that does not leave gaps is needed. Especially in arid and sloping areas. At least some of the rainwater or irrigation water moving on the surface reaches deeper roots. 25 bringing them to the required levels and aerating the root zone without using external energy, beyond existing root guidance and biodegradable planting structures These are among the additional technical requirements. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the invention is to ensure that the roots of trees or seedlings develop by at least 30 centimeters at the beginning of their development. by limiting the uncontrolled horizontal development of this section near the surface, directing roots physically to deeper soil levels and targeted root After the formation of its architecture, it biologically degrades, permanently disrupting natural root development. The goal is to provide a non-restrictive root redirection system. 3 The aim of the invention is to enable roots to grow not just in a single vertical direction, but also in a more dynamic way. at different vertical levels of the steering body and at different angular angles around the body. Through controlled lateral root emergence zones arranged at different depths, the roots can be positioned at different depths. and a gradual, three-dimensional root architecture that allows it to penetrate the natural soil in various directions. to create. 5 Another purpose of the invention is to determine the size of the opening and the wall thickness of controlled lateral root emergence zones. by differentiating mechanical opening resistance and / or biodegradation properties, side The goal is to control the transition of roots to the natural soil at different vertical levels and at different times. Another purpose of the invention is to create a lower root exit at the bottom of the root guidance stem. through the opening, the roots directed downwards reach deeper natural soil levels. while enabling it to reach its full potential, the tree also benefits from controlled lateral root emergence at different levels. This allows it to form an environmentally distributed root system. Another purpose of the invention is to capture at least some of the rainwater and / or irrigation water. the transfer of the root guidance stem to different depths and / or surrounding soil by providing 15% reduction in water use in deep root zones, especially in arid and sloping areas. It is to support. Another purpose of the invention is to enable airborne communication between the atmosphere and different root levels. through passive air ducts, without using an external power source, fan or motor by taking advantage of natural temperature, convection and / or pressure differences in the root zone to support ventilation. 20 The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. Thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to the figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood, and therefore the evaluation will also take these forms and detailed explanations into account. It must be done by taking it. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The best way to utilize the advantages of the existing invention, together with its structure and additional elements. For it to be understood, it must be considered together with the figures explained below. Figure 1: Vertical cross-sectional view of the system described in the invention, including seedling / tree and root development. Figure 2: External view of the root steering stem. 4 Figure 3: Root guidance stem with root growth medium and controlled lateral root emergence zones. It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the image. Figure 4: Controlled lateral root emergence zones at different vertical levels and around the trunk. It is the appearance of different angular positions, for example, a spiral / staggered arrangement. Figure 5: Schematic view of the stepped and three-dimensional root architecture. 5 Figure 6: Cross-section of the catchment area, water transmission zone, and water outlet zones at different depths. It is the appearance. Figure 7: Surface water capture with an asymmetrical top inlet area on sloping terrain. It is the appearance. Figure 8: Position of multiple passive air conduction channels relative to the root guide trunk. It is the appearance. REFERENCE NUMBERS 1. Root orientation stem 15 2. Upper entrance area 3. Root development volume 4. Root growth environment 5. Controlled lateral root emergence zone 6. Lower root exit opening 20 7. Water collection surface 8. Water transmission area 9. Water outlet area 10. Passive air transmission duct 11. Air intake opening 25 12. Air outlet area 13. Protective air intake element 14. Sapling or tree 15. Main / deep root 16. Lateral root 30 17. Natural soil 18. Surface water 19. Land surface 20. Biodegradable wall 35 The drawings do not necessarily need to be scaled and are necessary for understanding the invention. Details that are not present may have been overlooked. Furthermore, at least to a large extent... Elements that are identical or at least have substantially identical functions are numbered the same. It is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention describes a root guidance system that assists trees or seedlings in the early stages of development. directing at least a portion of the roots to deeper soil levels and different to enable it to penetrate the natural soil at great depths and create a gradual root architecture It consists of a biodegradable structure that is placed in the soil. The basic structural element of the system is the root guidance stem that is placed in the soil (1). Root The guiding stem (1) guides the roots of the seedling or tree (14) through a specific development period. It has a structure that extends downwards within the trunk, allowing it to grow as a root. The guiding stem (1) uncontrollably enters the surrounding soil (17) during the development of the roots and a biodegradable material with mechanical integrity that will specifically limit its passage in the horizontal direction. It contains a wall (20). In the root guidance trunk (1), the roots of the seedling or tree (14) are directed downwards 15 There is a root development volume (3) that allows for its development. Root development volume (3), to facilitate the downward progression of the roots, completely with root growth medium (4) or can be partially filled. Root growth medium (4); soil, compost, peat, plant fiber, It can consist of organic growing materials or a combination thereof. There is an upper entry area (2) at the top of the root guidance stem (1). Upper entry 20 region (2), root development volume (3) of the roots of the seedling (14) and root development medium (4) It is designed to facilitate its placement. The upper entrance area (2) is located on the fuselage. It can be made wider at the bottom and preferably funnel-shaped. The root guidance stem (1) is approximately the same cross-section downwards from the upper entry region (2) or it may continue in a section that narrows downwards. 25 The biodegradable wall (20) of the root guide stem (1) during the initial use of the system sufficient mechanical integrity to limit the uncontrolled penetration of the root wall However, the wall (20) after the targeted root development is achieved. It is a structure that can be biologically degraded during this period. Thus, the root guiding stem (1), root while forming a temporary physical guidance structure in the early stages of its development, in the later 30 During this period, it does not form a permanent root barrier in the natural soil. Biodegradable wall (20), cellulose, lignocellulosic fiber, wood fiber, plant fiber, fiber of agricultural waste origin, natural binders, biodegradable polymers, compostable polymers, natural mineral additives or 6 It can be formed from combinations of these. The mechanical properties of the material used... its properties enable the root wall (20) to maintain its integrity during the initial developmental period and in a way that will allow it to biologically degrade after the targeted developmental period It can be selected. Multiple controlled lateral root emergence on the wall (20) of the root guiding stem (1) 5 region (5) is located. Controlled lateral root exit regions (5), root guidance stem (1) different vertical levels and different angular levels along the circumference of the body They are arranged in their positions. Thus, downwards within the root orientation stem (1). Some of the developing roots grow naturally in a controlled manner at different vertical levels and in different directions. It can pass into the soil (17). 10 Controlled lateral root emergence zones (5) are vertically stepped along the circumference of the stem and These regions (5) are located on the same vertical line. They are not necessarily allowed to be shifted angularly relative to each other. In an application, controlled shifting is possible. lateral root exit areas (5), spiral around the root guiding stem (1) and / or They can be arranged in a staggered pattern. 15 Controlled lateral root emergence zones (5), pre-formed holes, slits or pores It can be formed in this way, or thinner than the sections around the wall (20). a formed section, a partially cut area, or one that can be opened by root growth force It can also be formed in the form of a weakened section. Thus, controlled lateral root formation occurs. When it reaches the exit areas (5), it must pass from those areas to the natural land (17) 20 It can be provided. The structural characteristics of the controlled lateral root emergence zones (5) may differ from one another. Accordingly, outlet zones (5) located at different vertical levels have different opening sizes, walls will have varying thicknesses, mechanical opening resistances and / or biodegradation rates It can be formed in this way. Thanks to this structure, the lateral roots (16) at different levels are naturally 25 The transition to soil (17) depends not only on location but also on opening or biodegradation characteristics. It can also be categorized in terms of these factors. There is a lower root exit opening (6) at the bottom of the root guidance stem (1). root exit opening (6), main or downward progressing within the root guiding trunk (1) This allows the deep root (15) to penetrate the natural soil (17) under the stem (1). Lower root 30 The exit opening (6) can be formed as an open opening, or it can be passed through by the root. It can be temporarily sealed with a weakened or biodegradable component. 7 Thanks to this structural arrangement, all the roots are directed in a single direction. Instead, some of the roots reach deeper soil levels than the lower root exit opening (6). while reaching the other part, the other part consists of controlled lateral root emergence zones at different vertical levels (5) The roots of the tree or seedling (14) pass into the natural soil in different angular directions (17). The system is a stepped three-dimensional root architecture distributed at different depths and directions. 5 It can create. In one application of the invention, rain and / or on the upper part of the root guiding stem (1) There is a water collection surface (7) that enables the collection of irrigation water. Water collection The surface (7) can be created in at least one part of the upper entrance area (2) and around it. It may have lower water permeability depending on the sections. Thus, 10 from the surface at least part of the water should be directed to the root guidance stem (1) It can be provided. At least one water conveyor to transport the water taken from the water catchment surface (7) to lower levels. There is a water transmission area (8). The water transmission area (8) can be formed as a separate channel or A groove, gap, different 15 formed in the wall (20) of the root orientation stem (1). It can also be formed as a permeable zone or a porous transmission line. There may be one or more water outlet areas (9) on the water transmission area (8). Water Outlet areas (9) are arranged at different vertical levels to collect water from different It can transfer water to the surrounding soil (17) at depths. The water outlet areas (9) are the most a small portion of them are at the same or near vertical levels as the controlled lateral root emergence zones (5) 20 It can be positioned in such a way that the lateral roots (16) penetrate into the natural soil (17). Moisture support can be provided. In another application of the invention, surface water (18) is used, especially in sloping terrain. In order to facilitate capture, the upper entrance area (2) is asymmetrical It can be created. The part of the upper entrance area (2) facing the terrain height is opposite 25 by being made wider and / or higher than the part below (19) the land surface. Capture and collect at least part of the surface water (18) moving in the right direction It is possible to direct it to the surface (7). In another application of the invention, at least one passive aerial together with the root guiding stem (1) There is a conduction channel (10). Passive air conduction channel (10) is between the atmosphere and the root development zone 30 It is created in such a way as to provide air communication between them. Passive air transmission channel (10) an air intake opening connected to the atmosphere at the top (11), at the bottom or different vertical at these levels there is at least one air outlet opening to the root development region (12) It is located. 8 Passive air conduction channel (10) is integrated within the wall (20) of the root steering stem (1). It can be formed as attached to the outer surface of the body (1) or next to the body (1). It can also be formed as a separate, positioned element. Atmosphere and root development. Temperature differences between regions, day-night temperature variations, natural convection and / or wind-induced pressure differences on the air inlet opening (11), channel (10) 5 It can create natural air movement inside. Multiple passive air transmission channels (10) can be used and the air of these channels (10) Outlet areas (12) can open to different vertical root levels. Air outlet At least one part of the regions (12) is the same as or close to the controlled lateral root emergence regions (5). They can be positioned at vertical levels. Thus, root development at different levels 10 Air transportation to these regions can be supported. Soil, insects and foreign matter can enter the air inlet opening (11) of the passive air transmission channel (10). A porous protective air vent to reduce the entry of substances into the channel. element (13) can be found. The root guide stem (1) can be produced as a single piece or as 15 pieces that can be connected to each other. It can be composed of multiple biodegradable sections. These sections are interconnected. by adding the total length of the root guiding stem (1) and thus the targeted root The depth of guidance can be adjusted. The subject of the invention is the root guidance system, in the location where the seedling or tree (14) will be planted. It can be placed in the planting hole created. The root guiding stem (1) is vertical or 20 It can be positioned with a slight incline if necessary. At least one of the roots of the seedling (14) The section is passed through the upper entrance region (2) and placed into the root development volume (3) and the root The growth volume (3) can be filled with root growth medium (4). Root guidance stem (1) its surroundings can be filled with natural soil (17). The roots are somewhat restricted by the biodegradable wall (20) during the initial developmental period. The roots are directed downwards within the root development volume (3), some of the roots are different to controlled lateral root emergence zones located at vertical levels and at different angular positions (5) When it reaches these areas, it passes from the natural soil (17) and the roots move to another The section passes through the lower root exit opening (6) to deeper natural soil levels. It reaches 30. Thus, the root guiding stem (1) guides the roots at the beginning of development. It functions as a temporary physical structure that enables its redirection; the targeted root with the degradation of the biodegradable wall (20) in the period after the formation of its architecture 9 The permanent physical limitation to natural root development is removed. The system... With its structure, it penetrates the natural soil at different depths and directions with lateral roots (16) and deeper The stepped three-dimensional root formed by the main / deep root (15) reaching the levels It enables the creation of its architecture. The scope of protection for this application is defined in section 5 above. The examples given cannot be limited to those that a technically skilled person demonstrates in the invention. the innovation introduced can be created by using similar structures and / or this It is clear that this structure can be applied to other areas with similar purposes using the same technique. Therefore, such structures foster innovation and, in particular, surpass the known state of technology. It is also obvious that it will lack the criterion. 10

Claims

REQUESTS 1. At least a portion of the roots of trees or seedlings during the initial stages of their development a root guidance system aimed at directing roots to deeper soil levels Its characteristic is; • roots growing horizontally uncontrollably into the surrounding soil for a certain period of development a biodegradable material that restricts its passage and allows it to develop downwards root orientation stem (1) with wall (20), • ensuring the continuation of root orientation function throughout the targeted developmental period and then to ensure that natural root development is not permanently restricted 10 It maintains its mechanical integrity throughout development and subsequently its biological integrity. biodegradable wall (20) of root guiding stem (1) in a degradable structure, • to create a controlled growth area where roots can develop downwards Root development volume (3) created within the guiding body (1), • to allow the roots to penetrate the surrounding soil (17) at different depths in a controlled manner 15 arranged at different vertical levels of the root guidance trunk (1) over-controlled lateral root emergence zone (5), • through roots that penetrate the natural soil (17) at different depths and directions three to enable the creation of a three-dimensional root architecture at different vertical levels Controlled side panels created at stepped and different angular positions around the fuselage. root emergence areas (5), • roots directed downwards below the root guiding stem (1) to enable the root guiding stem (1) to pass into the deep natural soil (17) lower root exit opening created at the bottom (6), It is characterized by its inclusion.

2. According to Claim 1, it is a root guidance system, the characteristic of which is; root development of seedling roots. to ensure placement in the volume (3) and entry into the root guiding stem (1) with the upper entry region (2) created on the upper part of the root guiding stem (1) It is characterized by 30 3. According to claim 1, it is a root guidance system, characterized by controlled lateral root emergence. to ensure the transition of the roots from regions (5) to the surrounding soil (17) depending on root development. so that the controlled lateral root exit areas (5) are holes, cracks, pores, 11 thinned wall, partially cut area and / or can be opened by root growth force It is characterized by being formed in the form of a weakened section.

4. According to claim 1, it is a root guidance system, characterized by controlled lateral root ejection. In order to provide root emergence from (5) different regions at different times, different vertical 5 Controlled lateral root emergence zones (5) at different levels with different opening sizes, having varying wall thicknesses, mechanical opening resistances and / or biodegradation rates It is characterized by its being.

5. According to claim 1, it is a root guidance system, characterized by its ability to be controlled by rain and / or irrigation. 10 root guidance to ensure that water is taken into the root guidance stem (1) characterized by the water collection surface (7) created in the upper part of its body (1). is being done.

6. According to claim 5, it is a root orientation system, and its feature is; on the water catchment surface (7) 15 to ensure that the collected water is transferred to root zones at different depths At least one water transmission zone (8) extending along the steering body (1) and different characterized by multiple water outlet zones arranged at vertical levels (9) is being done.

7. According to claim 1, it is a root guidance system, characterized by its relationship with the atmosphere and root development volume. (3) by creating natural air movement between the root zone to provide at least one air intake opening connected to the atmosphere (11), root development at least one air outlet zone (12) opening into the volume (3) and connecting them to each other It is characterized by a small passive air transmission channel (10). 25 8. According to claim 7, it is a root guidance system, and its feature is a passive air transmission duct (10) to limit the entry of soil and foreign matter at the air inlet opening (11) It is characterized by a porous protective air inlet element (13).

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