FEED FORMULATION FOR FEEDING FRY

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed formulation developed for feeding juvenile fish with an average live weight ranging from 0.15 g to 10 g, particularly rainbow trout, sea bream, sea bass, Asian sea bass, and sturgeon, which aims to increase growth and development performance and survival rate while reducing the feed conversion rate (FCR).

Description

FEED FORMULATION FOR FEEDING FRY Technical Field to Which the Invention Relates The invention relates to techniques generally used in aquaculture and fish feed production. It relates to these areas. More specifically, the invention concerns rainbow trout, sea bream, sea bass, and Asian trout. For use in the juvenile stages of fish species such as sea bass and sturgeon. This relates to the developed fry starter and fry grower feed formulation. The formulation in question uses pure fish meal, free of processing residues, as a protein source. Krill meal, which contains pure fish oil as a fat source, is used to support the growth of young fish. improving growth performance and survival rate, and increasing feed conversion ratio. It is related to a fish feed aimed at lowering the fish population. State of the Art Nutrient composition of feeds used in aquaculture, the growth and development performance, survival rate and of farmed fish It has a significant impact on feed utilization rate, especially in juveniles. Feeds used during the initial and fry rearing periods, for fish protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals they need in the early stages of their development and is important for meeting other nutritional needs. Freshwater and The components of feed used in marine fish farming include the type of fish being raised. taking into account live weight, nutritional characteristics and breeding conditions It is being created. Rainbow trout, sea bream, sea bass, Asian bass and sturgeon This nutritional value also applies to the juvenile stage of economically valuable species such as these. Different feed formulations are used to meet the requirements. Protein sources constitute one of the basic components of fish feed. Proteins are the primary source of amino acids used in the growth and development of fish. and in high amounts, especially in fish species that have a carnivorous diet. It is needed. In this context, fish meal has long been used in fish feed. Fish is one of the main animal and marine protein sources used. in addition to flour, protein sources obtained from various marine organisms It is also known to be used in other ways. One of these is krill meal. In the literature, krill meal is used in fish... its use in feed and the substitution of a certain portion of fish meal with krill meal. 1 The effects of treatment on the growth performance of fish have been investigated. For example... In a study conducted by Yoshitomi et al. in 2006 [1], Krill meal derived from Euphausia superba is used in rainbow trout feed. Its use as a partial substitute for flour has been considered. Similarly, Wei In a study conducted by and colleagues in 2019 [2] Antarctic krill the growth of triploid rainbow trout raised in seawater Its effects on performance and muscle quality have been investigated. Therefore, krill meal... It is used as a protein source in fish feed and together with fish meal. or using it as a substitute for a portion of fish meal is known in the technical field. It is among the applications. Another important nutrient used in fish feed is oil. Oils are a In addition to being a source of energy, it also provides the fatty acids that fish need. It is also important in terms of providing. In this context, fish oil, especially oil commonly used in the feed of marine and carnivorous fish species. It is one of the sources. However, marine-derived products such as fish meal and fish oil... Due to the costs of raw materials, these raw materials are in the fish feed industry. by reducing the amount used and with lower cost alternative raw materials Various studies have been conducted to find a substitute for it. In this context, Especially since the 2000s, plant-based protein and fat have been used in fish feed. The use of these resources has become widespread. Soybean meal and corn are used as protein sources. plant-based ingredients such as gluten meal, pea meal, and soy protein concentrate. Raw materials; and as oil sources, soybean oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, and palm oil. Vegetable oils such as olive oil can be used. One of the main aims of this approach is... feed resulting from the use of marine-derived animal raw materials The goal is to reduce costs. The issue of replacing fish meal and fish oil with plant-based sources is a scientific one. This has also been researched in detail in the literature. By Bilgüven in 2006 In the study conducted [3], fish with different levels of fish meal and soybean meal were used. feeds containing oil or soybean oil affect the growth performance of rainbow trout. Its effects have been examined. In the 2007 study by Drew et al. [4] fish meal and fish oil with canola protein concentrate and vegetable oils substitution of fatty acids affects the growth performance of rainbow trout. 2 Its effects on composition and some other properties have been investigated. Similar In the study conducted by Lazzarotto and his friends [5], the rainbow Long-term substitution of fish meal and fish oil in trout feeds growth, body fatty acid composition, and gut and liver gene expression Its effects have been evaluated by Callet and colleagues. In another study [6], it was found that diets without seafood were used. The selection of rainbow trout in terms of their growth potential was considered, and this This topic is within the scope of research on substituting fish meal for fish oil. This has been evaluated. However, fish with carnivorous feeding characteristics... the quality of protein and fat sources considering natural nutritional characteristics This is important. In their natural state, these types of fish are predominantly of animal origin. They feed on foods that, consequently, have a high protein content and are marine. They may require fat sources of animal origin. Proteins obtained from feed. During digestion, amino acids are broken down into amino acids, and fats are broken down into fatty acids. The components are used in metabolic activities. Therefore, feed The selection of raw materials, the digestibility of the feed, and the growth and development of the fish. These are among the factors that affect performance. In the technical field, regarding the use of plant-derived raw materials in fish feed. One of the issues encountered is that the raw materials in question are especially important for offspring. It is the digestibility of fish. High concentrations of plant-based protein and fat sources. its use helps meet the amino acid and fatty acid requirements of fish and The desired results in terms of feed utilization performance are achieved in every case. It is stated that this does not ensure the feed used in fish fry farming. Abdominal bloating and intestinal problems due to insufficient digestion. structural changes and the indigestion of undigestible or hardened pellet fragments Situations such as insufficient nutrients in the system may be encountered. its consumption also has negative effects on the condition and survival rate of the fish. It is reported that it can create. In fish feed formulations, in addition to protein and fat sources, feed... also binders that hold the raw materials together Raw materials such as wheat flour and wheat gluten are used in this context. It can be included in feed formulations and also in pellet structure. 3 It can contribute to their formation. Additionally, vitamins are included in fish feed. pigments, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and digestive processes The use of various additives to support this is also known. The physical properties of fry feed also vary according to the fish's developmental stage. It changes. The amount to be used varies with the increase in the mouth opening and live weight of the fish. The size of the feed pellets needs to be increased. In the technical field, the offspring Starter and fry growth feeds are approximately 150-300 microns, 300-500 microns, different particle sizes such as 500-800 microns, 800-1000 microns and 1000-1500 microns. It involves preparing them in specific sizes. Therefore, in puppy breeding... not only the chemical and nutritional composition of the feed, but also the development of the fish Ensuring the appropriate physical form and particle size for the period is also important. It carries. In the current state of the art, growth in the utilization of feed for juvenile fish. from performance parameters such as speed, survival rate and feed conversion ratio It is used. The feed conversion rate (FCR) is a specific the amount of feed consumed to achieve a certain amount of live weight gain This is one of the basic criteria used in the evaluation. Accordingly, from the feed increasing the utilization rate of the total feed used during the breeding period important in terms of controlling the quantity and therefore the production costs. It carries. Consequently, in the technical field; fish meal, krill meal and other animal products. In addition to protein sources, various plant-based protein sources, fish oil, and different vegetable oils, binding raw materials, vitamins and various feed numerous fish feeds in which additives are used in different ratios and combinations It has a specific formulation. It is particularly used as feed in fish fry farming. their formulations take into account the natural nutritional characteristics of the fish species, protein and fat requirements, digestibility of raw materials, feed particle size, growth numerous parameters such as performance, survival rate and feed conversion ratio Taking this into consideration when developing it is one of the fundamental approaches known in the technical field. 4 Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention includes fish such as rainbow trout, sea bream, sea bass, Asian bass, and sturgeon. Developed for use during the juvenile stage of species, juvenile starter and The formulation of fry growth feed is described. The aim of the invention is to improve the growth and development performance of juvenile fish. The feed should contain 56-60% crude protein, and the protein source should be fish meal. It is made from krill meal and contains 11-13% original fish oil. High protein / amino acid and optimum fat / fatty acid content in juvenile fish meeting their needs, and consequently improving growth performance. It serves to support it. One aim of the invention is to increase feed utilization rate and feed conversion ratio. (FCR) is to lower it. The protein source is fish meal and krill meal, and the fat source is... The formulation, limited to fish oil, addresses the digestive and metabolic needs of carnivorous fish. By providing a nutrient content tailored to their characteristics, the amount of feed used is used more effectively. This enables it to be converted into live weight gain. One aim of the invention is to meet the amino acid and fatty acid requirements of fish as much as possible. The aim is to meet the requirements as completely as possible. The amino acid profile of fishmeal and krill meal, and fish... The oil's fatty acid composition is used to provide a basic food source for juvenile fish. A feed composition has been created that meets the material requirements. One aim of the invention is to treat digestive and intestinal problems associated with plant-based raw materials. The goal is to reduce it. Soybean meal, corn gluten, pea meal, and soy protein concentrate. The absence of plant-based protein sources such as these in the formulation, these raw materials Abdominal bloating and intestinal discomfort may occur depending on digestibility. It aims to reduce structural damage and digestive difficulties. Another aim of the invention is to improve the survival rate of juvenile fish and their susceptibility to disease agents. The aim is to increase resistance. The formulation contains 500-800 mg / kg vitamin C and 50-65 mg / kg vitamin C. by including astaxanthin, the immune system and overall physiological system of fish are improved. Support is provided for his / her physical condition. Another aim of the invention is to address the effects of feed changes at different stages of pup development. The goal is to eliminate or reduce the need for adaptation. From 150-300 microns Maintaining the same formulation across different particle sizes up to 1000-1500 microns. Thanks to this, as the fish grows, only the size of the food is changed and a new food is provided. There is no need for adaptation to the content. Another purpose of the invention is to utilize prebiotics, probiotics, synthetic amino acids, or digestive additives. The aim is to reduce the need for facilitating additional additives. Marine-derived protein. and nutritional value by combining fat sources in selected proportions The aim was to meet the requirements directly through basic raw materials, thus a formulation that does not require additional functional additives. It has been obtained. One purpose of the invention is to reduce oil buildup on the surface of pools and tanks depending on feed usage. The goal is to reduce the accumulation or formation of sediment. Only fish as a source of oil. using animal fat and keeping the total fat content in the range of 11-13%, feed and water to improve its behavior in the environment and prevent oil accumulation on the surface It contributes. One aim of the invention is to make young fish readily consume food and in cold water The goal is to ensure that the animal continues to take in feed even under these conditions. High-protein and marine. composition mainly consisting of animal-derived raw materials, in terms of juvenile fish. It supports feed acceptability and appetite for feed intake. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention applies to species with an average live weight of 0.15 g to 10 g, especially rainbow trout. Sea bream, sea bass, Asian sea bass, and sturgeon; growth and development of juvenile fish. increasing performance and survival rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR=Feed The invention relates to a feed formulation that reduces the conversion rate. In the feed that is the subject of the invention, Only fish meal and krill meal are used as raw protein sources. These... In addition, it contains plant-based proteins such as soybean meal, corn gluten, and pea flour. raw materials such as chicken meal, hemoglobin meal, blood meal and meat-bone meal There are no animal protein raw materials derived from rendering. It is plant-based. The only ingredients used are wheat flour and wheat gluten, and the product is said to contain only wheat flour and wheat gluten. 6 The components in question also function as pellet binders. Fat in feed. Only fish oil is used as the source. Seafood processing waste. oils obtained from products such as sunflower oil, canola oil and palm oil There is no source of oil of any origin. The feed formulation described in the invention consists of 55-66% fish meal by weight and 5- krill meal, 500-800 mg / kg vitamin C, 150-200 mg / kg astaxanthin, by mass 10-15% wheat flour, 5-6.5% wheat gluten by weight, 3-5% anchovy oil by weight, % 0.4 vitamin premix, 0.10-0.15% mineral premix, 0.5-0.8% puppy premix It contains. The nutritional content of the infant feed, which is the subject of the invention, is 90-92% dry by mass. The composition includes 6-7% moisture, 56-60% crude protein, 11-13% crude fat, and 1.2-1.5% crude fiber. and will contain a maximum of 12% crude ash. The vitamin premix mentioned here, It contains 400 mg / kg of stable vitamin C. In one application of the invention, the feed formulation described in the invention contains 65.29% by mass of the invention. fish meal and krill meal at a rate of 10% by weight, 500 mg / kg vitamin C, 200 mg / kg astaxanthin, 14% wheat flour by weight, 6% wheat gluten by weight 3.39% anchovy oil, 0.4% vitamin premix, 0.1% mineral premix, 0.80% fry It contains premix. The nutrient content of the infant feed subject to the invention is 90% by mass. 92% dry matter, 6-7% moisture, 56-60% crude protein, 11-14% crude fat, 1.2-1.5% crude oil content. It will contain cellulose and a maximum of 12% crude ash. The content of the baby premix is ​​as follows: Table 1 shows the composition of the product, and Table 2 shows the composition of the mineral premix. 7 Table 1. Composition of the offspring premix used in the invention. Premix / Feeding Bileşen kg sağlanan Vitamin A 1.250.000 IU 10.000 IU / kg Vitamin D₃ 375.000 IU 3.000 IU / kg Vitamin E 18.750 mg 150 mg / kg Stabil Vitamin 62.500 mg 500 mg / kg C Vitamin K₃ 1.250 mg 10 mg / kg Vitamin B₁ 2.500 mg 20 mg / kg Vitamin B₂ 3.750 mg 30 mg / kg Vitamin B₆ 2.500 mg 20 mg / kg Vitamin B₁₂ 12,5 mg 0,10 mg / kg Niasin 25.000 mg 200 mg / kg Ca-D- 7.500 mg 60 mg / kg pantotenat Folik asit 625 mg 5 mg / kg Biotin 125 mg 1 mg / kg İnositol 62.500 mg 500 mg / kg Fe 7.500 mg 60 mg / kg Zn 12.500 mg 100 mg / kg Mn 6.250 mg 50 mg / kg Cu 750 mg 6 mg / kg I 187,5 mg 1,5 mg / kg Se 37,5 mg 0,30 mg / kg Tablo 2. Mineral premiks içeriği. Element Premix / kg 0.1% usage provides feed. Fe 60,000 mg 60 mg / kg feed Zn 100,000 mg 100 mg / kg Mn 50,000 mg 50 mg / kg Cu 6,000 mg 6 mg / kg I 1,500 mg 1.5 mg / kg Se 300 mg 0.30 mg / kg Co 500 mg 0.50 mg / kg 8 The juvenile fish feed that is the subject of this invention must contain at least 70% of marine-derived ingredients. It consists of raw materials that are a source of animal protein. Feed The formulation uses only marine-derived animal protein sources. Raw materials are used. The crude fat content of the feed is solely fish oil. This is achieved using plant-derived or other animal-derived ingredients in the formulation. Sources of oil origin are not included. The fry starter and fry grower feeds that are the subject of the invention are 150-300 microns, 300-500 microns. different thicknesses: micron, 500-800 microns, 800-1000 microns, and 1000-1500 microns. They can be prepared in particle sizes. These different sizes... The same feed formulation is used in all feeds. This ensures that the puppies... Increasing the feed particle size depending on the growth of the fish. When necessary, no changes are made to the feed content and Additionally, a transition or adaptation of fish to a different feed formulation is required. No adaptation process is required. The feed formulation that is the subject of the invention incorporates external prebiotics, probiotics, and synthetic amino acids. addition of acids and acid-based additives to facilitate digestion It is designed in such a way that it will not require further processing. The formulation uses... Thanks to the amount of fish oil and its ratio with other feed components, Oil precipitation on the surface of pools or tanks where bait is used, and on the bottom or feed-derived sediment formation in surface areas is reduced or This is prevented. The feed developed within the scope of the invention keeps the juvenile fish in low water levels. a way to enable them to continue feeding even under temperature conditions It has nutritional content and formulation. 9 Table 3. Feed formulation and other formulation ingredients related to the invention. Table 4. Growth and survival of the formulation related to the invention and other formulations. Comparison of feed ratio, feed consumption, and FCR values. Region – Location: Söğütlüdere - SEYDİKEMER Water temperature 8 °C Water Inlet Dissolved Oxygen 9.3 mg / L Value Water Outlet Dissolved Oxygen 7 mg / L Value Trial Start and End Dates: September 13, 2025 – December 3, 2025 Date INVENTION OTHER Starting weight 0.12 g 0.12 g Initial total weight 108,500 units (13 kg) 108,500 units (13 kg) Dead / casualties: 1214 units, 37000 units The feed given was 71500 g and 51500 g. Total final quantity 107286 units 75100 units Total final weight 128600 g 66600 g Average pup weight: 1.2 g 0.88 g Live weight gained (128600 – 13000) = (66600 – 13000) = 115600 53600 FCR 71500 / 115600 = 0.618 51500 / 53600 = 0.96 Table 5. Live weight gain in the pool over 2 days. Date Day INVENTION Pool-1 OTHER INVENTION OTHER Daily Increase (g) Pool-1 Pool-2 Pool-2 Daily Daily Daily Increase (g) Increase (g) Increase (g) 13.09.2025 1 0 0 0 0 14.09.2025 2 0.0125 0.0137 0.0127 0.008 15.09.2025 3 0,0098 0,0099 0,0155 0,0068 16.09.2025 4 0,0165 0,0088 0,0134 0,008 17.09.2025 5 0,0197 0,0131 0,0228 0,0166 18.09.2025 6 0,0039 0,009 0,0097 0,0084 19.09.2025 7 0,019 0,0126 0,0169 0,0121 20.09.2025 8 0,0182 0,0113 0,0083 0,0091 21.09.2025 9 0,0085 0,0131 0,0179 0,01 22.09.2025 10 0,0142 0,0074 0,0166 0,0174 23.09.2025 11 0,0151 0,0079 0,0103 0,0026 24.09.2025 12 0,0175 0,0106 0,0173 0,0095 25.09.2025 13 0,008 0,0112 0,0085 0,0098 26.09.2025 14 0,0137 0,0096 0,013 0,0084 27.09.2025 15 0,0131 0,013 0,0179 0,0134 28.09.2025 16 0,0196 0,0093 0,0115 0,0059 29.09.2025 17 0,0128 0,005 0,0158 0,0116 30.09.2025 18 0,0097 0,0088 0,0066 0,0082 01.10.2025 19 0,011 0,0041 0,0197 0,0113 02.10.2025 20 0,0133 0,014 0,0176 0,0068 03.10.2025 21 0,0142 0,0078 0,0062 0,0046 04.10.2025 22 0,0062 0,0103 0,0128 0,0083 05.10.2025 23 0,0174 0,0106 0,0129 0,0153 06.10.2025 24 0,006 0,0081 0,0074 0,0034 07.10.2025 25 0,0136 0,008 0,0182 0,0066 08.10.2025 26 0,0158 0,0091 0,0073 0,01 09.10.2025 27 0,0061 0,0077 0,0153 0,0131 10.10.2025 28 0,0152 0,0093 0,0165 0,0016 11 11.10.2025 29 0,0101 0 0,0074 0,0097 12.10.2025 30 0,0135 0,0158 0,0155 0,0088 13.10.2025 31 0,0056 0,0089 0,0137 0,0069 14.10.2025 32 0,0146 0,008 0,0106 0,0085 15.10.2025 33 0,0148 0,0089 0,0084 0,0076 16.10.2025 34 0,0162 0,011 0,0152 0,0112 17.10.2025 35 0,0095 0,0055 0,0184 0,0089 18.10.2025 36 0,0128 0,0159 0,0028 0,0079 19.10.2025 37 0,0142 0,0052 0,0172 0,0064 20.10.2025 38 0,0087 0,0074 0,0123 0,0162 21.10.2025 39 0,0156 0,0087 0,0148 0,0026 22.10.2025 40 0,0101 0,0097 0,0148 0,0132 23.10.2025 41 0,0107 0,0074 0,0155 0,0059 24.10.2025 42 0,0164 0,0117 0,0088 0,0138 25.10.2025 43 0,0156 0,0107 0,0164 0,0103 26.10.2025 44 0,0128 0,0107 0,013 0,0051 27.10.2025 45 0,0126 0,01 0,0138 0,0072 28.10.2025 46 0,0196 0,008 0,0114 0,0165 29.10.2025 47 0,0088 0,0074 0,0131 0,013 30.10.2025 48 0,0153 0,0122 0,014 0,0065 31.10.2025 49 0,0171 0,0162 0,0152 0,0096 01.11.2025 50 0,0052 0,0088 0,0171 0,012 02.11.2025 51 0,0147 0,0093 0,0156 0,0103 03.11.2025 52 0,0211 0,0079 0,0135 0,0065 04.11.2025 53 0,0079 0,0127 0,0124 0,011 05.11.2025 54 0,0163 0,0076 0,0205 0,0138 06.11.2025 55 0,0169 0,0126 0,014 0,0087 07.11.2025 56 0,0138 0,0116 0,01 0,0143 08.11.2025 57 0,0164 0,0105 0,0135 0,0055 09.11.2025 58 0,0136 0,014 0,017 0,0142 10.11.2025 59 0,0131 0,0048 0,0174 0,0095 11.11.2025 60 0,0095 0,012 0,0122 0,0093 12.11.2025 61 0,0179 0,0093 0,015 0,0136 12 13.11.2025 62 0,0127 0,0108 0,0124 0,009 14.11.2025 63 0,0097 0,0138 0,0159 0,006 15.11.2025 64 0,0206 0,006 0,0169 0,0142 16.11.2025 65 0,0121 0,016 0,0096 0,0118 17.11.2025 66 0,0116 0,0075 0,0149 0,0061 18.11.2025 67 0,0127 0,0107 0,0141 0,0094 19.11.2025 68 0,0108 0,0104 0,0137 0,0085 20.11.2025 69 0,0166 0,0077 0,0093 0,0111 21.11.2025 70 0,0136 0,0132 0,0122 0,0111 22.11.2025 71 0,0096 0,0063 0,0154 0,0054 23.11.2025 72 0,0177 0,0112 0,0161 0,0077 24.11.2025 73 0,0069 0,0071 0,014 0,0113 25.11.2025 74 0,0099 0,0102 0,0102 0,0063 26.11.2025 75 0.0203 0.0089 0.0175 0.0135 27.11.2025 76 0.0086 0.0087 0.0089 0.0062 28.11.2025 77 0.0129 0.0056 0.013 0.0052 29.11.2025 78 0.0103 0.0121 0.012 0.012 30.11.2025 79 0.0101 0.0067 0.0133 0.0088 01.12.2025 80 0.0191 0.0109 0.0138 0.0099 02.12.2025 81 0.0071 0.0015 0.0123 0.0068 03.12.2025 82 0.0178 0.0102 0.0084 0.0133 13 Table 6. Daily feed, mortality, and average weight data for Pond-1. History G DISCOVERY OTHER DISCOVERY OTHER DISCOVERY OTHER DISCOVERY OTHER DISCOVERY OTHER Pool-1 ER-US ER Pool-1 Pool-1 Pool-2 Pool-2 Pool-2 Pool-2 Pool-2 R Feed (g) 1 Hav Hav Average Average Feed (g) Feed (g) Death Death Average Hav Ye uz-1 uz- a Weight aa Weight z-2 m Dead 1 (g) Weight (g) Average (g) m Dead (g) but m Weight k (g) 13.09. 1 78,5 74,4 9 181 0,12 0,12 78,5 74,4 0 639 0,12 0,12 2025 14.09. 2 89,5 82,4 6 126 0,137 0,133 89,5 82,4 5 332 0,137 0,133 2025 15.09. 3 100,5 90,4 5 483 0,154 0,146 100,5 90,4 11 518 0,154 0,146 2025 16.09. 4 111,4 98,3 5 54 0,17 0,158 111,4 98,3 2 431 0,17 0,158 2025 17.09. 5 122,2 106, 18 153 0,187 0,171 122,2 106,1 1 34 0,187 0,171 2025 1 18.09. 6 132,9 113, 11 264 0,203 0,183 132,9 113,8 7 168 0,203 0,183 2025 8 19.09. 7 143,5 121, 4 213 0,219 0,196 143,5 121,3 7 348 0,219 0,196 2025 3 20.09. 8 153,9 128, 10 102 0,235 0,208 153,9 128,7 11 598 0,235 0,208 2025 7 21.09. 9 164,1 135, 8 105 0,251 0,219 164,1 135,9 9 56 0,251 0,219 2025 9 22.09. 10 174 142, 1 313 0,266 0,23 174 142,9 8 37 0,266 0,23 2025 9 23.09. 11 183,8 149, 3 323 0,281 0,241 183,8 149,7 3 200 0,281 0,241 2025 7 24.09. 12 193,3 156, 8 217 0,295 0,252 193,3 156,3 7 21 0,295 0,252 2025 3 25.09. 13 202,5 162, 17 84 0,31 0,262 202,5 162,6 8 195 0,31 0,262 2025 6 26.09. 14 211,5 168, 5 108 0,323 0,272 211,5 168,7 3 274 0,323 0,272 2025 7 27.09. 15 220,3 174, 4 170 0,337 0,281 220,3 174,5 20 91 0,337 0,281 2025 5 28.09. 16 228,7 180, 7 189 0,35 0,29 228,7 180,1 9 199 0,35 0,29 2025 1 29.09. 17 236,9 185, 4 257 0,362 0,299 236,9 185,4 3 404 0,362 0,299 2025 4 30.09. 18 244,9 190, 5 147 0,374 0,307 244,9 190,5 11 134 0,374 0,307 2025 5 01.10. 19 252,6 195, 6 308 0,386 0,315 252,6 195,3 12 105 0,386 0,315 2025 3 02.10. 20 260 199, 2 306 0,397 0,322 260 199,9 8 192 0,397 0,322 2025 9 03.10. 21 267,3 204, 11 413 0,408 0,329 267,3 204,4 5 82 0,408 0,329 2025 4 04.10. 22 274,4 208, 2 175 0,419 0,336 274,4 208,6 3 715 0,419 0,336 2025 6 05.10. 23 281,2 212, 2 220 0,43 0,343 281,2 212,7 6 215 0,43 0,343 2025 7 06.10. 24 288 216, 7 156 0,44 0,349 288 216,6 8 115 0,44 0,349 2025 6 07.10. 25 294,6 220, 11 85 0,45 0,355 294,6 220,5 6 245 0,45 0,355 2025 5 08.10. 26 301,2 224, 7 631 0,46 0,361 301,2 224,2 16 191 0,46 0,361 2025 2 09.10. 27 307,6 227, 6 378 0,47 0,367 307,6 227,9 10 175 0,47 0,367 2025 9 10.10. 28 314,1 231, 5 302 0,48 0,373 314,1 231,6 3 134 0,48 0,373 2025 6 11.10. 29 320,5 235, 4 171 0,49 0,379 320,5 235,2 2 129 0,49 0,379 2025 2 12.10. 30 327 238, 13 78 0,5 0,385 327 238,9 9 47 0,5 0,385 2025 9 13.10. 31 333,5 242, 8 339 0,51 0,391 333,5 242,7 5 517 0,51 0,391 2025 7 14 14.10. 32 340,2 246, 5 154 0,52 0,397 340,2 246,5 10 317 0,52 0,397 2025 5 15.10. 33 346,9 250, 4 234 0,53 0,404 346,9 250,4 9 263 0,53 0,404 2025 4 16.10. 34 353,8 254, 10 108 0,541 0,41 353,8 254,5 6 189 0,541 0,41 2025 5 17.10. 35 360,9 258, 13 207 0,552 0,417 360,9 258,8 3 89 0,552 0,417 2025 8 18.10. 36 368,1 263, 12 113 0,563 0,424 368,1 263,2 1 109 0,563 0,424 2025 2 19.10. 37 375,6 267, 3 117 0,574 0,432 375,6 267,8 7 53 0,574 0,432 2025 8 20.10. 38 383,3 272, 5 206 0,586 0,44 383,3 272,7 2 121 0,586 0,44 2025 7 21.10. 39 391,2 277, 4 42 0,598 0,448 391,2 277,8 3 78 0,598 0,448 2025 8 22.10. 40 399,4 283, 6 45 0,61 0,456 399,4 283,1 7 618 0,61 0,456 2025 1 23.10. 41 407,9 288, 11 93 0,623 0,465 407,9 288,6 6 386 0,623 0,465 2025 6 24.10. 42 416,6 294, 16 146 0,637 0,475 416,6 294,5 2 222 0,637 0,475 2025 5 25.10. 43 425,6 300, 8 315 0,65 0,485 425,6 300,5 13 98 0,65 0,485 2025 5 26.10. 44 434,9 306, 4 152 0,665 0,495 434,9 306,9 13 82 0,665 0,495 2025 9 27.10. 45 444,4 313, 6 170 0,679 0,505 444,4 313,4 9 179 0,679 0,505 2025 4 28.10. 46 454,1 320, 18 137 0,694 0,516 454,1 320,2 9 397 0,694 0,516 2025 2 29.10. 47 464,1 327, 7 219 0,709 0,528 464,1 327,2 9 54 0,709 0,528 2025 2 30.10. 48 474,3 334, 5 84 0,725 0,539 474,3 334,4 12 314 0,725 0,539 2025 4 31.10. 49 484,7 341, 5 158 0,741 0,551 484,7 341,8 10 120 0,741 0,551 2025 8 01.11. 50 495,2 349, 8 232 0,757 0,563 495,2 349,4 3 139 0,757 0,563 2025 4 02.11. 51 505,9 357, 3 204 0,773 0,576 505,9 357,1 5 217 0,773 0,576 2025 1 03.11. 52 516,8 364, 4 174 0,79 0,588 516,8 364,9 25 101 0,79 0,588 2025 9 04.11. 53 527,7 372, 12 176 0,806 0,601 527,7 372,8 1 172 0,806 0,601 2025 8 05.11. 54 538,6 380, 8 248 0,823 0,614 538,6 380,7 4 94 0,823 0,614 2025 7 06.11. 55 549,6 388, 7 650 0,84 0,627 549,6 388,7 13 129 0,84 0,627 2025 7 07.11. 56 560,7 396, 13 89 0,857 0,64 560,7 396,7 3 356 0,857 0,64 2025 7 08.11. 57 571,6 404, 4 662 0,874 0,652 571,6 404,6 10 225 0,874 0,652 2025 6 09.11. 58 582,5 412, 5 86 0,89 0,665 582,5 412,5 6 355 0,89 0,665 2025 5 10.11. 59 593,4 420, 8 16 0,907 0,678 593,4 420,3 4 119 0,907 0,678 2025 3 11.11. 60 604,1 428 8 111 0,923 0,69 604,1 428 1 315 0,923 0,69 2025 12.11. 61 614,6 435, 2 222 0,939 0,702 614,6 435,6 7 41 0,939 0,702 2025 6 13.11. 62 625 443 5 565 0,955 0,714 625 443 3 217 0,955 0,714 2025 14.11. 63 635,2 450, 6 78 0,971 0,726 635,2 450,2 6 330 0,971 0,726 2025 2 15.11. 64 645,2 457, 9 247 0,986 0,737 645,2 457,2 9 39 0,986 0,737 2025 2 16.11. 65 654,9 464 8 49 1,001 0,748 654,9 464 11 120 1,001 0,748 2025 17.11. 66 664,4 470, 6 552 1,015 0,759 664,4 470,5 4 217 1,015 0,759 2025 5 18.11. 67 673,7 476, 1 383 1,03 0,769 673,7 476,9 4 417 1,03 0,769 2025 9 19.11. 68 682,7 482, 6 117 1,043 0,779 682,7 482,9 2 129 1,043 0,779 2025 9 20.11. 69 691,4 488, 7 424 1,057 0,788 691,4 488,7 12 307 1,057 0,788 2025 7 21.11. 70 699,8 494, 28 158 1,07 0,797 699,8 494,3 23 539 1,07 0,797 2025 3 22.11. 71 708 499, 6 397 1,082 0,806 708 499,6 13 317 1,082 0,806 2025 6 23.11. 72 716 504, 8 173 1,094 0,814 716 504,7 14 178 1,094 0,814 2025 7 24.11. 73 723,7 509, 14 179 1,106 0,822 723,7 509,6 3 275 1,106 0,822 2025 6 25.11. 74 731,2 514, 11 119 1,117 0,829 731,2 514,2 9 126 1,117 0,829 2025 2 26.11. 75 738,4 518, 16 270 1,128 0,836 738,4 518,6 11 223 1,128 0,836 2025 6 27.11. 76 745,5 522, 2 189 1,139 0,843 745,5 522,9 2 185 1,139 0,843 2025 9 28.11. 77 752,4 527 3 251 1,15 0,85 752,4 527 18 268 1,15 0,85 2025 29.11. 78 759,1 530, 4 38 1,16 0,856 759,1 530,9 2 149 1,16 0,856 2025 9 30.11. 79 765.8 534, 1 406 1.17 0.862 765.8 534.7 16 279 1.17 0.862 2025 7 01.12. 80 772.3 538, 7 474 1.18 0.868 772.3 538.5 2 148 1.18 0.868 2025 5 02.12. 81 778.8 542.3 189 1.19 0.874 778.8 542.2 3 384 1.19 0.874 2025 2 03.12. 82 785.2 545, 18 621 1.2 0.88 785.2 545.8 9 160 1.2 0.88 2025 8 16 Industrial Applicability of the Invention The invention is designed for use during the juvenile stage of fish species. This relates to starter and fry growth feed formulations and is applicable to industry. It is of a certain quality. The invention is not limited to the above descriptions, and a person skilled in the field can easily make further discoveries. It can demonstrate different applications of the invention. These are the claims and demands of the invention. It should be evaluated within the scope of the protection granted. 17 REFERENCES [1] Yoshitomi, B., Aoki, M., Oshima, S., & Hata, K. (2006). Evaluation of krill (Euphausia superba) meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Aquaculture, 261(1), 440–446. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.aquaculture.2006.06.036 [2] Wei, Y., Chen, H., Jia, M., Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., Zhang, W., & Mai, K. (2019). Effects of dietary Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal on growth performance and muscle quality of triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in sea water. Aquaculture, 509, 72–84. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.aquaculture.2019.05.013 [3] Bilgüven, M. (2006). Fish oil with different levels of fish meal and soybean meal or Feeds containing soybean oil for fattening rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Effects on performance. Uludağ University Journal of Faculty of Agriculture, 20(2), 25– 30. [4] Drew, M. D., Ogunkoya, A. E., Janz, D. M., & Van Kessel, A. G. (2007). Dietary influence of replacing fish meal and oil with canola protein concentrate and vegetable oils on growth performance, fatty acid composition and organochlorine residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 267(1), 260–268. https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.aquaculture.2007.01.002 [5] Lazzarotto, V., Bortoletti, G., Domingos, R., et al. (2018). Long term dietary replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth, whole body fatty acids and intestinal and hepatic gene expression. PLoS ONE, 13(1), e0190730. https: / / doi.org / 10.1371 / journal.pone.0190730 [6] Callet, T., Médale, F., Larroquet, L., et al. (2017). Successful selection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on their ability to grow with a diet devoid of marine products: Implications on fishmeal and fish oil replacement research. PLoS ONE, 12(10), e0186705. https: / / doi.org / 10.1371 / journal.pone.0186705 18

Claims

1. This is a fish feed formulation for starter and grower fry, and its characteristics are: fish meal and krill meal, vitamin C, astaxanthin, wheat flour, wheat gluten, It contains anchovy oil, vitamin premix, mineral premix, and fry premix.

2. A feed formulation according to Claim 1, characterized by having a concentration of 55-66% by mass. fish meal and 5-10% krill meal by weight, 500-800 mg / kg vitamin C, 150- 200 mg / kg astaxanthin, 10-15% by weight wheat flour, 5-6.5% by weight wheat flour Gluten, 3-5% anchovy oil by weight, 0.4% vitamin premix, 0.10-0.15% minerals. The premix should contain 0.5-0.8% offspring premix.

3. A feed formulation according to Claim 2, characterized by its content of 65.29% by mass. fish meal and 10% krill meal by weight, 500 mg / kg vitamin C, 200 mg / kg astaxanthin, 14% by weight wheat flour, 6% by weight wheat gluten, by weight 3.39% anchovy oil, 0.4% vitamin premix by weight, 0.1% minerals by weight. The premix should contain 0.80% by weight of offspring premix.

4. A feed formulation that meets any of the previous requirements and has the following characteristics: The nutrient content of the aforementioned feed is 90-92% dry matter by mass, 6- 7% moisture, 56-60% crude protein, 11-14% crude fat, 1.2-1.5% crude fiber and en It contains more than 12% crude ash.

5. A feed formulation according to any of claims 1-3, whose characteristic is; The subject is baby premix, Vitamin A, Vitamin D₃, Vitamin E, Stable Vitamin C, Vitamin K₃, Vitamin B₁, Vitamin B₂, Vitamin B₆, Vitamin B₁₂, Niacin, Ca-D- It contains pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, inositol, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and sodium.

6. A feed formulation according to any of claims 1-3, whose characteristic is; The subject is the mineral premix, which contains Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, I, Se, and Co.

7. A feed formulation that meets any of the previous requirements and has the following characteristics: 150-300 microns, 300-500 microns, 500-800 microns, 800-1000 microns or The particle size should be between 1000-1500.

8. A feed formulation that meets any of the previous requirements and has the following characteristics: The fish in question has an average live weight of between 0.15 g and 10 g.

9. A feed formulation according to claim 8, the characteristic of which is; for the fish in question These include rainbow trout, sea bream, sea bass, Asian bass, and sturgeon. 19