CARBON DIOXIDE CURED CONCRETE ROOF TILE

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction, building materials and manufacturing technologies for the permanent storage of carbon dioxide through mineralization. It concerns a low-energy manufacturing method for olivine-containing concrete tiles, whereby they are exposed to carbon dioxide under controlled conditions at ambient temperature during production, and the carbon dioxide undergoes an irreversible reaction with the olivine, resulting in its permanent retention within the tile as mineral carbonate.

Description

CARBON DIOXIDE CURED CONCRETE ROOF TILE Technical Area The invention relates to structures and constructions for the permanent storage of carbon dioxide through mineralization. It relates to the field of materials and production technologies. The production of olivine-containing concrete tiles. during which time exposed to carbon dioxide at the ambient temperature under controlled conditions and Carbon dioxide reacts irreversibly with olivine to form mineral carbonate. A low-energy production process aimed at ensuring the energy is permanently retained within the tile. It is related to the method. State of the Art In the concrete tile production process, aggregate, cement, water, and color pigment form the basis of the product. These are the constant inputs. A concrete tile paste is formed by mixing all of these materials mentioned. The process involves preparing the tile mixture, followed by shaping in a mold, and carbon curing. a product that has been exposed to carbon dioxide gas in its chambers and has reached its final state after painting. is obtained. Aggregates are classified into two types based on their source: natural aggregates and artificial aggregates. Artificial aggregates are byproducts of industrial processes that have been exposed to high temperatures. These are crushed or uncrushed aggregates that emerge. Examples include furnace slag and fly ash. Aggregates such as expanded perlite and expanded clay are classified as artificial aggregates. Natural Aggregates are found in nature in places such as streams, rivers, lakes, plains, seabeds, quarries, or mines. They are obtained from various sources. Chromium (Cr) is a hard, black metallic element. The mineral chromite is the technically known chromium. It is the sole source of ore. It is mainly used in the production of stainless steel and other metal alloys. It is used. During the extraction of chromite ore, materials called waste (gang) are produced. This results in gang material; material that does not contain ore or is not economically viable. 1 and which cannot be enriched according to technical specifications, but must be produced due to operational requirements. Materials or substances that are essential and have not undergone any processing other than excavation. It is defined as waste material from chromium mines and processing plants. It is one of the mining sectors where it occurs in considerable quantities. Given its size... Storing the material may require quite large areas, and substitution is necessary. This can lead to problems such as increased costs when necessary. In this respect, waste materials... Its evaluation is highlighted as an important resource in today's world where natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce. It comes to the plan. Cement is a material whose main raw materials are limestone and clay, and which is produced by combining mineral particles (sand, gravel, bricks, blocks, It is a material used in bonding (e.g., pumice blocks). It replaces the bonding property of cement. It absolutely needs water to be able to work. Cement is a material that hardens by reacting with water. It is a binder. Crushed limestone, clay, and if necessary, iron ore and sand are added and ground into powder. This material is brought in. This material is cooked in a rotary oven at a temperature of 1400-1500 °C. The resulting The resulting product is called "clinker". Then, a certain amount of gypsum (4-5%) is added to the clinker and mixed into very fine aggregate. Cement is obtained by grinding the material into powder. Carbon emissions released during cement production. This is an undeniable scientific fact. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly building material. It cannot be categorized. Problems arising in the production and use processes of concrete roof tiles used in technical fields There are some disadvantages. The main disadvantage is the durability of concrete tiles. Product loss occurs during assembly, packaging, and transportation. Material and mixing ratios directly affect the product's strength and impact resistance. It has an effect. The mortar required for standard concrete tile production involves the use of high doses of cement and curing. carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumed to reach the required furnace temperature during the process Energy is one of the key issues for the local and global roofing and construction industry. The roughness on the surface of standard concrete roof tiles after production is determined after painting the tile. It gives a less than ideal appearance from a landscape perspective. 2 The aggregate raw material used in concrete tiles is naturally suitable for production and use. The need for resizing also adds an extra cost. Determined through patent and literature research conducted on the state of the art. The documents are summarized below. Application number KR101699284 B1 relates to the tile / ceiling production method. Olivine, cement and... The water content is explained. However, the usage rates are different and vary depending on the pigment content. It is not mentioned. Application number KR102664210 B1 concerns a tile system developed for attaching tiles to sandwich panels. It relates to the assembly method. Accordingly, olivine powder, cement, water, and pigment are used for this purpose. This has been explained. However, the areas of use and the quantities used differ. Application number CN104860662 A concerns ceramic tiles for heat preservation and thermal insulation purposes, and their derivatives. It relates to the production method. The use of olivine, cement, and water has been explained. However, the area of ​​use is... Usage rates and pigment content differ. Application number CN106747571 A aims to improve urban drainage and water management by providing water permeability. water-permeable building bricks developed for the purpose of improvement and the production technology of said bricks It is related to, however, the document does not include a statement regarding the use of sized grain olivine. It is not available. Furthermore, the document consists of two layers with different substructures and superstructures. In this context, it is stated that the current application is produced as a single piece with identical top and bottom surface characteristics. Concrete roof tiles have been identified. Application number KR100818157 B1 relates to a composite containing an olivine-based mortar. According to the document, fly ash is included as an additive in the mortar composition using olivine. Calcium carbonate is also used as a fluidizer and air-entraining agent. The current In the invention that is the subject of the application, only polymer is used as an additive. Furthermore... Another difference, depending on the subject of the application, is that the olivine aggregates that go into the cement must be treated beforehand. 3 It should not be subjected to any drying oven and should be used in its naturally crushed state. Olivine, cement The structure is built by pressing the low-viscosity mortar material, obtained by using it in the mixture, into molds. The concrete roof tile product used in the sector is produced and has the number KR100818157 B1. The document only mentions mortar production. Application number WO 2026 / 043460 A1 concerns the carbon footprint and costs of cement production. pozzolanic materials such as fly ash, silica, microdust, metakaolin and hydrated lime, aimed at reducing A new mixture produced using additives is related to cement. This cement is clinker. By reducing its content by 30-40%, it reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 20-40%. and increases energy efficiency. However, in application number WO 2026 / 043460 A1, waste material... The invention is invalidated because olivine is not used and there is no tile as a final product output. They differ. Application number 2025 / 019305 concerns the tailings (waste) generated during the extraction of chromium ore. Cement mortar made from natural olivine aggregates obtained through the recycling of the material. This product, made with olivine aggregate, is a concrete tile used in construction and building. It is used in the roofing of buildings within the sector. This is numbered 2025 / 019305. The application belongs to the company that submitted it, and it is involved in the production phase of the aforementioned products. it is only subjected to standard curing, that is, carbon dioxide curing method. Because it does not trap anything and does not have a low-energy production system, the current It differs from our application. Carbon dioxide is converted into solid and more stable carbonate phases through mineralization. Storage of magnesium-containing minerals such as olivine is a known approach. It is also known to react with carbon dioxide to form carbonates. However, Combining this approach with the concrete tile production process allows for the industrial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. extracted from a source, transported and produced at the current ambient temperature and in a suitable condition. Different techniques in terms of being injected into the tile structure in a controlled manner under different conditions. It requires the simultaneous management of the parameters. In conclusion, due to the causes and consequences described above, the current solutions are inadequate for addressing the issue. Due to its shortcomings, it has become necessary to make improvements in the relevant technical field. 4 Brief Description of the Invention The present invention meets the aforementioned requirements while eliminating the disadvantages. and an environmentally friendly product for use in the building and construction industry, which brings additional advantages. It is of that nature. The invention involves the recycling of waste (byproduct) material generated during the extraction of chromium ore. The use of natural olivine aggregate, obtained through its evaluation, in cement mortar. concrete tiles produced in this way and carbon dioxide embedded in these concrete tiles This relates to the production method of the concrete tile in question. In this production method, cement mortar containing olivine aggregate is molded into concrete. After being formed into tiles, a carbon curing process is applied instead of the standard curing process. This is being implemented. Within this scope, industrial-grade liquid obtained from an external source is used. Carbon dioxide is introduced into carbon curing chambers at room temperature under controlled conditions. It is sprayed through nozzles and mixed with the olivine found in the concrete tile. Carbon dioxide is made to react. This is an irreversible process. As a result of the reaction, carbon dioxide is incorporated into the concrete tile in the form of mineral carbonate. is retained and thus carbon dioxide is permanently stored through mineralization. This is ensured. Concrete tiles require standard curing conditions at high temperatures. Instead of being left to stand, it is cured under carbon curing conditions at room temperature, thus the production the process is carried out with low production energy and the product has a low carbon footprint This has been ensured. The carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles obtained within the scope of the invention are primarily used in... It can be used as a structural and construction element, including roof coverings for buildings, and other applications. They have higher strength compared to concrete tiles. The aggregate used in the production of concrete tiles is a natural material formed during the extraction of chromium ore. It will be obtained from waste materials. In this respect, the evaluation of waste materials is natural. In today's world, where aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce, they stand out as an important resource. Thanks to the structure of olivine aggregate that is suitable for carbon mineralization, the carbon footprint in production is reduced. Its lower yield makes the use of olivine paste even more advantageous. The invention uses captured, purified, and processed gas from flue gas as an alternative to standard high-temperature curing. Because it is produced by carbon curing at room temperature with stored carbon dioxide, at the facility It will be advantageous because it reduces energy consumption. Cement, calcite, water, additives, and carbon dioxide gas are mixed with olivine aggregate in specific proportions. The new type of concrete tile, which will be created with color pigment and water-based paint, will utilize the known techniques of the art. Depending on the type of tile involved and used in the technical field, it is susceptible to wear and tear. Offering crack-resistant, long-lasting smooth, glossy colors and carbon capture properties. Thanks to its environmentally friendly structure, it will have an advantage. Detailed Description of the Invention In this detailed explanation, the preferred configurations of the invention are not merely for better understanding the subject. It is explained in a way that facilitates understanding and does not create any limiting effects. The invention relates to a product made with olivine aggregate, intended for use in roof coverings of buildings in the construction industry. Because it is not subjected to standard curing, it is produced with low energy and has a low carbon footprint. This relates to environmentally friendly concrete roof tiles. These concrete tiles are made from cement, water, and additives. The invention includes carbon dioxide gas, color pigment, water-based paint, and aggregate. The subject of the invention is concrete. Olivine mineral, sized as sand, is used in the tiles. This allows for the aforementioned... Olivine offers carbon sequestration advantages in concrete due to its inherent mineral properties. This is also evident in tile products. The olivine raw material, which is the main component of the invention, has an olive green color and its structure is basically... +2 +2 +2 +2 Fe It consists of Mg and Fe silicates and belongs to the ortho-silicate class. Mg and End minerals in which these elements are more concentrated than in other minerals are Mg SiO (forsterite) and 2 4 It is called FeSiO (fayalite). 4 6 Olivine, which has a hardness level between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, contains iron. 3 3 Its density varies between 2.22 g / cm³ and 4.40 g / cm³ depending on the mineral's density and degree of alteration. It is among them. Olivine is healthy and environmentally friendly because it does not contain free crystalline silica, and it provides hydration. The absence of a tendency to rot, low thermal conductivity (0.031 W / mK) and good insulation properties. Its properties include being stable, easily applicable to high-temperature processes, and being refractory. Due to its compatibility with materials, it is used in refractory, iron and steel and foundry industries, and abrasive materials. electric heaters, as a balancing material, in environmental technologies and agriculture, jewelry making. It is used in the sector and many other fields (Turan, 2022). The concrete tile aggregate included in the invention is waste (gang) from the extraction of chromium ore. It is obtained as follows. Gang material; is material that must be produced for the operation and excavated. It is defined as a substance or material that has not undergone any processing other than the processing stage. Chromium mines and processing plants produce a considerable amount of tailings material as waste. It is one of the leading mineral branches from which it is extracted. For the storage of such a large amount of material... Quite large areas may be needed, and this can increase costs if replacement is necessary. This can lead to problems such as these. In this respect, the evaluation of waste materials is beneficial for natural resources. In today's world, where aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce, they stand out as an important resource. In the relevant technical field, waste materials obtained during the extraction of chromium from chromite mines. Research and development of the use of raw materials in value-added products is an innovation. It is predicted that it will meet the criterion. In addition, by capturing carbon dioxide gas. Due to its carbonation reaction, it has sparked the call for 'net zero emissions by 2053' in industry. This support will also lead to the product being endorsed by green organizations. The subject of the invention is a concrete tile that is part of the known state of the art and is in use in the technical field. The various advantages of different tile types are listed below: • Resistance to wear and breakage • Smooth surface 7 • Long-lasting vibrant colors • Low cost • Carbon capture capacity • Low cost because it is not subjected to standard curing requiring high temperatures. energy production • It has low carbon emissions. The subject of the invention is carbon dioxide-cured concrete roof tiles, and the composition of the mortar prepared for their production. Raw materials: The waste material remaining as tailings during chromium ore production is crushed, ground, and It is sized olivine aggregate. The aforementioned olivine aggregate is used in mortar compositions of a single size: The aggregate sizes range from 0-1 mm to 0.106-0.212 mm very fine micronized and 0.112-0.425 mm fine. The micronized size should be in the range of 0.425-0.850 mm for medium micronized and 0.850-1.180 mm for coarse micronized. Using olivine aggregate in the appropriate size increases the binding capacity of the cement in the mortar. by reducing its consumption and activating its carbon capture feature at room temperature Therefore, it increases the durability of the tile and reduces carbon emissions, and withstands high temperatures. Because it does not require standard curing, it also makes production possible with low energy consumption. It provides cost advantages in both the short and long term. Because molded olivine cement mortar is subjected to carbon curing during production. By accelerating the carbonation process within the olivine mineral, the voids in the cement matrix are filled. filling leads to increased microstructure density and consequently a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the tile. The increase in bending strength has been proven by observing the effect. In addition, the contributions of olivine to the invention are summarized below: • Due to its high silica content, it is harder and more resistant to wear, making it more robust and impact-resistant. This ensures durability, minimizes losses during packaging and transportation, and results in a long-lasting product. 8 is being done. • By being recoverable from waste, it contributes to environmental sustainability. It reduces the need for natural resources, which are limited in nature, and provides a cost advantage. • As a result of being exposed to mineralization reaction through carbon curing during the production process. The carbonate it forms fills the voids in the cement matrix, resulting in higher pressure. It has enabled it to reach its full strength. • Instead of standard curing, it is kept in carbon curing chambers at normal room temperature. It has lower production energy and lower carbon emissions. • Carbon captured, purified, and stored from flue gas during the curing process. a production system that reduces its carbon footprint by using carbon dioxide It has. • Carbon dioxide and olivine undergo an irreversible chemical reaction. This allows for permanent carbon dioxide storage due to its release. • Olivine is healthy because it does not contain free silica, both in the production line and in the final product. Its use does not cause any health problems as a result of dust generation. • Türkiye has very large usable reserves. 100 units prepared for the production of olivine aggregate carbon dioxide sequestered concrete roof tiles. The ratios within the mortar vary between 50-60 units. The present invention relates to the technical aspects of waste materials obtained from chromium ores for the relevant technical field. some of its properties, usability as aggregate raw material and carbon sequestration potential They are trying to prove it through tests. First, the suitability of waste materials for use as aggregate material was determined. Elemental analysis is performed as shown in Table 1 in order to place the sample. Element MgO SiO Al2O3 FeO CaO K2O S03 Cr2O3 By weight: 34.04 38.82 0.34 12.10 0.28 0.01 0.07 0.24 % Table 1. Elemental analysis of the sample waste material discussed in the invention. 9 The olivine aggregate material in the concrete tile that is the subject of the invention contains 35% by weight. It contains SiO2 in the range of 30% to 45% and MgO in the range of 30% to 45% by weight. This has been demonstrated in tests conducted by accredited analysis firms. To investigate the suitability of olivine material as aggregate, 0-1 mm olivine aggregate particles were used. Density, water content, and water absorption tests were performed, and the results are shown in the table below. It has been shared. Apparent Particle Dry Saturated Dry Water Absorption Rate Water Content Numene Density Surface Density (WA24) Mg / m3 Mg / m3 Mg / m3 % % 2.60 2.56 2.57 0.7 1.5 0-1 mm olivine aggregate Table 2. Analysis values ​​of olivine aggregate particle density, water content, and water absorption. The density of olivine aggregate varies between 2.2-2.6 g / cm3, and the density change is final. It directly affects the weight of the product. Furthermore, water absorption capacity is a factor in the material's composition. This is important for the calculations. Tests have shown that the water absorption rate varies between 0.3-0.7%, and The water content of the aggregate was found to vary between 1.5-1.6%. Density, water absorption, and Water content tests were conducted on the waste materials formed as aggregate from chromium mines. This indicates that its use is appropriate. Gradation (granulometry) to determine the particle size distribution ratios of 0-1 mm olivine aggregate. Analysis included methylene blue experiments to determine the amount of clay and silt, and the results were... The following information is shared in the collection below. Cumulative Sieve Remaining Sieve Opening Weight Remaining Passing Passing (mm) (gr) (%) (%) (%) 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 2,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 1,700 2.01 0.40 0.40 99.60 1.180 4.86 0.97 1.37 98.63 0.850 181.83 36.26 37.63 62.37 0.425 200.19 39.93 77.56 22.44 0.212 0.106 96.31 19.21 96.77 3.23 0.000 16.20 3.23 100 0.00 501.40 100 Table 3. Olivine aggregate particle size distribution (granulometry) table. METHYLENE BLUE (TS EN 933-9) Sample size used: 0-1 mm M1 200.0 Experiment Result olivine aggregate (gr) MB solution used (ml) V1 10 If kaolin is used V 0 Adsorbed solution (ml) Methylene Blue Value MB 0.50 Table 4. Olivine aggregate methylene blue analysis results (fine grain, clay, silt content). The formula MB=((V1-V) / M1)*10 is used in calculating the methylene blue value. The calculations have been completed. Excessive amounts of clay and silt in the aggregate mixture reduce the strength of the concrete. Clay and silt are materials that absorb methylene blue. Experiments have shown that chromium... It is suitable to use the tailings material, which is formed as a byproduct of mines, as aggregate. This indicates the absence of undesirable materials such as clay and silt. • The subject of the invention is the composition of the mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles, containing 0-3. Calcite material with a size range of mm is used. The calcite used in mortar is essentially a type of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and is generally It is added to the mixture as ground limestone or micronized calcite. Calcite increases the hydration (reaction with water) rate, thus promoting gel formation in cement paste. It contributes to the early age compressive strength of concrete. 11 Calcite improves the density and internal structure of concrete by filling the capillary voids in the cement matrix. This improves the water absorption rate of the concrete mix, thereby increasing the durability of the hardened concrete. It increases. The calcite raw material must be mixed with olivine aggregate and cement in the mortar in the correct proportions. Gradation (granulometry) analysis was performed and the results are given in the table below. Sieve Total Sieve Total Remaining Sieves Six The remaining opening at the top Weight (mm) (gr) (%) (%) (%) 3,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 2.36 86.46 8.85 - 8.85 2.00 58.96 6.04 91.15 14.89 1.70 115.32 11.81 85.11 26.70 1.20 152.99 15.66 73.30 42.36 0.850 88.94 9.11 57.64 51.47 0.425 173.80 17.79 48.53 69.26 0.212 88.35 9.05 30.74 78.31 -0.212 211.88 21.69 21.69 - TOTAL 976.70 100 Table 6. Calcite grain distribution (granulometry) table. For the production of sized natural calcite raw material using carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. The ratios within the 100-unit mortar mixture vary between 15-25 units. • The subject of the invention is the composition of the mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. CEM I 42.5 R Portland cement is used. Cement, used in mortar composition, is the main binding material and its primary function is to bind with water. When mixed, it hardens as a result of a chemical reaction (hydration) with other materials. It is the process of bonding (olivine aggregate, calcite) together. 12 Elemental analysis of CEM I 42.5 R Portland cement was performed and is given in Table 7. Element MgO SiO Al2O3 FeO CaO SO3 Other LOI By weight % 1.63 18.93 4.61 3.31 62.10 3.44 2.23 3.75 Table 7. Elemental analysis of the cement used in the invention. 100 units of cement material prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete roof tiles. The ratios within the mortar vary between 15-25 units. To achieve a standard concrete tile mixture, the cement / sand ratio should again be 1 / 4 by weight. It is used. • The subject of the invention is the water content of the mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. It is used. The cement used in mortar requires water to react. TS EN 1008 According to the Concrete Mixing Water Determination standard, the analysis limit ranges are as shown in the table below. It provides. Parameter Unit Result Limit Values ​​Method Parameter Unit Result Limit Values ​​Method * pH - 9.22 ≥4 SM 4500-H+ B:2022 * Nitrate mg / L 0.87 500 SM 4500-NO3 B:2022 * Chloride mg / L 26.99 500 SM 4500-Cl-B:2022 ** Phosphates (P2O5) mg / L <0.05 100 SM 4500- PB VE D:2022 ** Zinc mg / L 0.1 100 Ready-to-Use Analysis Kits * Alkalinity mg / L 198 1500 SM 2320 B:2022 Water in 100 units of mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. The ratios vary between 2 and 4 units. • The subject of the invention is the color of the mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. pigment is used. The substance that gives cement mortar its color is a color pigment. The color of the mortar depends on the color of the pigment used. Its color is changing. The color pigment used in the mortar is water-based and applied by spraying. 13 It makes the paint look smoother, shinier, and more vibrant. • The subject of the invention is an additive in the mortar prepared for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. Polymers are used as the material. The polymer, used as a concrete admixture, helps the concrete achieve a zero-slump, semi-dry consistency. a type of chemical used to ensure it stays in place, to regulate the outlet, and as a compression facilitater. It is a contribution. Zero slump concrete mix is ​​prepared with the lowest possible water / cement ratio; this mix is ​​dense and solid. This allows for better molding and shaping. In machine-compacted semi-dry concrete, effective compaction is achieved with a shorter compaction time. It enables the achievement of early strength. Polymer additive in 100-unit mortar prepared for carbon dioxide-cured concrete tile production. The proportions within it vary between 0.1 and 0.3 units. The semi-dry tiles, prepared as described above, are arranged on special shelves and automated. With the help of carbon, it is moved towards the curing chambers. Industrially captured flue gas is purified to obtain liquid carbon dioxide. The resulting liquid carbon dioxide... Pure liquid carbon dioxide is stored in tanks for carbon bulking. Pure liquid carbon dioxide is supplied from industrial-type cylinders at the appropriate pressure, humidity, and Under high temperature, the carbon is sprayed into the curing chambers using nozzles. The curing process of semi-dry concrete tiles, which are compacted by machine and shaped in a mold. by being exposed to carbon dioxide gas for 2 hours in a room with suitable temperature, humidity and pressure. This allows it to undergo a carbonization reaction. Thus, olivine, due to its natural mineral structure... It undergoes a chemical carbonation reaction with carbon dioxide. As a result of this carbonation process... The vast majority of carbon dioxide is stored in the form of stable carbonate minerals, and these stored minerals Carbon dioxide is trapped for the entire service life of the tile, never to be released again. 14 Thanks to this irreversible chemical reaction, the carbon curing process, the carbon content of the production is reduced. The footprint is reduced. The waiting process in the carbon curing chamber results in carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles. Because it increases the carbonation rate, it also has a significantly positive effect on the compressive strength of concrete. provides. Carbon dioxide from the carbonization chamber affects the carbon dioxide uptake of the cured concrete tile. Samples have been sent to the Black Sea Technical University laboratory for verification, It was subjected to thermogravimetric measurements. These measurements were taken using a device called PerkinElmer TGA 4000. The experiment was performed with a 20 mg powder sample taken from the tile. The samples were treated with nitrogen (N₂) at a flow rate of 20 mL / min. In the atmosphere, it was heated from 30 °C to 900 °C with a constant heating rate of 10 °C / min. 440–480 °C Mass loss was observed within the temperature range. The significant mass loss... The decrease indicates that carbonation is occurring with high efficiency. The TGA analysis performed... Calculations based on the resulting mass loss show an average of 4.5 kg. Based on the weight of a typical tile, a tile contains a total of 524 g of mineralized matter. It has been concluded that it stores carbon dioxide. The accelerated carbonation process permanently adds carbon dioxide to the cement-based matrix. By ensuring its storage, it contributes to both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability. It contributes. The suitable conditions for the carbon curing process are room temperature 23-30 °C. Because this is provided, it is not necessary to reach the oven temperature of 80 °C required for standard curing. Therefore, the energy required to produce carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles is much lower. Two hours of carbon dioxide leaching from mortar made using olivine aggregate (0-1 mm) revealing the compressive shear strength of concrete tiles subjected to curing. Pressure tests were carried out. These tests determined the durability of the final product on days 1, 7, 14, and 28. laboratory-type shearing equipment measures shear loads under pressure in kilograms of force (kgf). This is how it is presented. AVERAGE KG STRENGTH (kgf) STRENGTH DAILY SAMPLE (kgf) 1 4584 251 DAY 1 277.3 2 4734 267 3 4708 314 1 4532 300 Day 7, 315 2 4652 300 3 4660 345 1 4656 377 Day 14, 397.66 2 4650 408 3 4654 408 1 4708 377 Day 28, 387.33 2 4702 424 3 4624 361 Table 5. Shear strength results of olivine aggregate concrete tiles according to days. TS EN 490 “Concrete Roof Tiles and Fittings” published by the Turkish Standards Institute. The mechanical section of the standard titled "Product Specifications for Roof Covering and Wall Cladding" The specifications state that the tensile strength (flexural strength - Fmin) should be between 80 and 200 kgf. According to flexural strength tests performed on carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles Average flexural strength of 300 kgf (minimum 250 kgf flexural strength), comparable to equivalents on the market. because it turned out to be quite high according to the products and the values ​​in the standard substance Waste material, which is a byproduct of chromium mines, is used in the production of concrete roof tiles. its usability as olivine aggregate and the extra benefits of waiting in carbon dioxide curing It provides strength, and olivine aggregate is recyclable and successful in carbon capture. This reveals that (comparable products on the market have an average flexural strength of 204 kgf). (provides.) The curing process carried out on carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles reduces the carbon footprint of the final product. Green transformation is environmentally friendly because it reduces the footprint and production energy consumed during manufacturing. It is a product added to the thermogravimetric measurements carried out in the laboratory of Karadeniz Technical University. Furthermore, the phenolphthalein test conducted at the factory also revealed the success of carbon dioxide curing. It places. Phenolphthalein indicator is an organic compound that releases hydrogen ions in a basic environment. It loses light and transforms into a quinonoid structure. This structure absorbs visible light, resulting in a pink color. It removes alkalinity. Therefore, it is used as an indicator, especially in acid-base titrations. It is known for coloring the material it is applied to pink as its concentration increases. Phenolphthalein 16 The indicator shows that a tile or cement-based building material has absorbed carbon dioxide; it is colorless. It shows this by remaining unchanged in color. This process is known as the 'carbonation test' in the construction industry. It is known that the process is entirely based on the principle of changing the pH value of the material. According to the phenolphthalein test performed after carbon dioxide curing, the color is very low (barely noticeable). The presence of retention also indicates that the olivine aggregate successfully completed the carbonization process. It proves. The olivine aggregate, calcite, and CEM I 42.5, detailed above, are used for preparing the concrete tile mixture. R Portland cement, polymer-type additive, color pigment, and water in appropriate proportions. It needs to be used. Accordingly, for the production of carbon dioxide-cured concrete tile paste with suitable fluidity, by weight... In a 100-unit mortar, the olivine aggregate ranges from 50-60 units, and the sized natural calcite contains 15- cement in the range of 15-25 units, water in the range of 2-4 units, polymer additive 0.1- The concentration ranges from 0.3 units, and the color pigment ranges from 0.1-0.5 units, totaling 100 by weight. It provides a unit. As a result of the chemical reaction that takes place during carbon curing, the mold... Carbon dioxide-cured concrete because water is lost and carbonates are formed within the molded mortar. The carbon dioxide absorbed by the tile does not cause any change in weight. The mortar material, prepared in the appropriate proportions, goes through the following stages in the concrete tile production plant: It is passing; All materials, in powder and aggregate form, are placed in a mixer and homogenized. The powdered material is mixed for 6 minutes to obtain a mixture; the mixed powder material is then added to the mixer. The mixture is transferred. Water and liquid polymer materials are added to the mixer in the specified ratio. Continue mixing until a homogeneous and semi-dry dough mixture is obtained. and in the final stage, the resulting dough is filled and pressed into a tile mold. The product is shaped by placing the mold (while adhering to the geometric values ​​of the mold). The molded wet-form concrete tile hardens by setting under appropriate curing conditions, and To increase flexural strength, it is subjected to drying in carbon curing chambers at room temperature. It is stored. The stored pure carbon dioxide is passed through industrial tubes via nozzles. 17 It is sprayed into the rooms and left for 2 hours. After 2 hours, the carbon dioxide-cured concrete tile is ready for curing. As it exits its chamber and moves along the conveyor belt on the automation system, separating from the mold, different The surface is painted using a water-based paint spraying method within a unit. From the carbon curing chamber... The color of the resulting dry carbon-cured concrete tile varies depending on the color of the paint used. This production method produces a product weighing approximately 4.4-4.5 kg that is used on the roofs of buildings. Carbon dioxide-cured concrete tile product is obtained. These new generation carbon dioxide-cured concrete tiles meet standard heat-curing conditions. instead, tiles produced with low energy under carbon curing conditions at room temperature. It has low emissions due to this. For the reasons mentioned above, the structural and characteristic features of the invention are environmentally friendly. Sustainability offers significant advantages in terms of cost and carbon emissions. 18

Claims

1) The invention relates to the manufacture of a material for use in the roof coverings of buildings in the construction and building sector. It is a concrete roof tile; its characteristic is: • Sized olivine aggregate within the tile mixture In the range of 50-60 units, • Sized calcite aggregate in the range of 15-25 units, • As a binder, cement in the range of 15-25 units, • Polymer additive in the range of 0.1-0.5 units, • Color pigment in the range of 0.1-0.5 units, • Water level between 3-5 units • In carbon curing, carbon dioxide gas is released into the tile material only through chemical reactions. without undergoing transformation and changing unit weight, It provides 100 units in total weight. 2) A concrete roof tile conforming to Claim 1, characterized by containing sized olivine aggregate. 3) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 2, with the characteristic of being; 0.063-0.125 mm very fine micronized, 0.125-0.250 mm fine micronized, 0.250-0.500 mm medium micronized, 0.500-1 mm coarse micronized, 1-2 mm It is in a thin size range. 4) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 2, characterized by the presence of the aforementioned olivine aggregate within it. SiO2 at a value between 35% and 45% by weight, and between 30% and 45% by weight. It contains MgO in a certain value. 5) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 2, with the characteristic of having an olivine aggregate density of 2.5-2.

8. The water absorption rate should be between 0.3-0.7%, and the water content should be between 1.5-1.6%, within the range of gr / cm3. It is between them. 6) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 1, characterized by its natural calcite aggregate content ranging from 0-3 mm. It is the fact that. 35 7) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 1, its characteristic being that the cement mentioned is CEM I 42.5 R It is Portland cement. 1 8) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 1, characterized by the semi-dry consistency provider of the aforementioned concrete admixture. It is a polymer. 9) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned color pigment contributes to the color of the concrete tile. It is the pigment that will be applied according to the procedure. 10) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 1, its characteristic being that the water mentioned is TS EN 1008 Concrete It must comply with the Mixed Water Determination standard. 11) The invention is a structural element in the form of a concrete roof tile used to cover the roofs of buildings. It is a production method, and its characteristic is; • All materials, in powder and aggregate form, are placed into a mixer and mixed until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Mixing for 6 minutes to obtain the desired mixture. • Water and liquid polymer materials are added to the material transferred into the mixer in the specified ratio. Mixing until a homogeneous and semi-dry mixture consistency is obtained. • The resulting dough is poured into a mold. 12) A concrete tile production method in accordance with Claim 11, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned paste is used in the aforementioned manner. Placement of the tile onto the mold using a filling-and-compaction method and according to the geometric values ​​of the mold. It is the shaping of the product while adhering to certain principles. 13) A concrete tile production method in accordance with Claim 12, characterized by its use of industrial materials sourced from an external source. pure liquid carbon dioxide is placed in carbon curing chambers at room temperature under suitable conditions. The goal is to provide the olivine and allow it to react with carbon dioxide. 14) A concrete tile production method in accordance with claim 13, where the carbon content of the concrete tile at room temperature... In curing chambers, under appropriate temperature, pressure and humidity, they are exposed to carbon dioxide gas for 2 hours. As a result of its release, olivine and carbon dioxide undergo an irreversible reaction, forming concrete tiles. It contains 524 g of persistent carbon dioxide in the form of mineral carbonate. 15) A concrete tile production method in accordance with claim 13, where the concrete tile is cured in carbon curing chambers. 35 accelerated carbonation process while drying, its mechanical performance and compressive strength It is to increase it. 2 16) A concrete tile production method that complies with Claim 13 and contributes to environmental sustainability. The advantage of combined production energy is that it is much lower compared to standard production methods. 17) A concrete tile production method in accordance with claim 14, characterized by its carbon curing chamber. The concrete tiles are separated from the mold and the surface is painted by spraying color pigment paint onto the conveyor belt. It is painting. 18) A concrete tile, as in any of claims 1-11, used on the roofs of buildings. This type is characterized by concrete tiles. 19) The concrete tile conforming to claim 18 shall have the final form of a tile. 20) A concrete tile conforming to Claim 19, characterized by its weight of 4.2-4.5 kg. 21) A concrete tile, as in either of claims 18-19, which, according to bending strength tests It must provide a minimum bending strength of 300 kgf (kilogram-force). 3