SWITCHING CIRCUIT PROVIDING UNINTERRUPTED POWER MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching circuit with a back-to-back MOSFET architecture that enables hot-swapping of batteries in high-power battery systems used in military, defense, and industrial applications, independently controls the charging and discharging paths, and prevents inrush current, reverse current / back-feeding, and unwanted current flows caused by parasitic diodes during battery connection and disconnection from the system.

Description

1 TARIFF SWITCHING CIRCUIT PROVIDING UNINTERRUPTED POWER MANAGEMENT Technical Area The invention utilizes high-power technology for military, defense, and industrial applications. In battery systems, changing batteries without interrupting the system power (hot-swap) 5 enabling, independently controlling charging and discharging paths, reverse connected It has a MOSFET (Back-to-Back MOSFET) architecture, for connecting the battery to the system and inrush current, reverse current that may occur when disconnecting from the system Undesirable effects caused by reverse current (back-feeding) and parasitic diodes (body diodes). It relates to switching circuits that prevent current flow. 10 State of the Art Defense industry, communication systems, radar systems, electronic warfare equipment. and portable power systems used in industrial mobile electronic devices, high It is powered by rechargeable battery packs with high energy density. Power continuity in systems is critical, especially during operation, and power 15 Interruptions that may occur at the source can affect system performance and operational efficiency. It directly affects reliability. In current implementations, battery packs are usually connected directly to the system or Energy transfer is carried out through basic protection circuits. Battery In cases where a change is necessary, the system power must be completely cut off and 20 The device needs to be switched off. This affects communication systems operating during the mission. in devices, radar systems, surveillance equipment and similar critical electronic systems This leads to data loss, disruption of mission continuity, and operational disruptions. It is possible. In order to ensure energy continuity, some systems use parallel battery architectures or 25 Backup power supplies are used. However, the batteries have different charge levels. or high voltage between batteries if they have different terminal voltages Balancing currents can occur. These uncontrolled inrush currents, while causing high current stress on switching elements, from battery to battery This can also lead to reverse current (back-feeding). This situation affects both the battery 30 2 This negatively affects its lifespan and also increases the risk of damage to electronic components. It increases. Known solutions for current control include relays, contactors, and diode-based protection. Circuits or single MOSFET switching structures are used. Relays and contactors. Solutions based on mechanical structures have limited switching life, high volume, 5 low resistance to vibration and shock and relatively slow switching times Diode-based protection methods, on the other hand, reduce power due to forward voltage drop. This leads to losses and additional heating. MOSFET-based electronic switching circuits have low conduction resistance and high performance. They are widely used because they provide efficiency. However, one-way 10 In protective structures implemented using MOSFETs, the structure of the MOSFET... Due to the presence of a parasitic (body) diode, current flow cannot be completely prevented. This Therefore, complete electrical insulation cannot be achieved in charging and discharging lines, certain Undesirable leakage currents and reverse current paths can occur under operating conditions. Some advanced power management systems use back-to-back connected MOSFETs. Although various structures are used, a significant portion of these systems rely on the battery as the system. a comprehensive plan for safely removing and reattaching it while continuing to work It does not include a control algorithm and electronic control infrastructure. Especially military. In high-power battery systems operating under standard conditions, the battery is integrated into the system in a controlled manner. connection, limiting of sudden currents, prevention of reverse current, charging 20 and independent management of discharge paths and safe operation without interrupting system power. Solutions that enable hot-swap transactions simultaneously are sufficient in the current technology. It is not at that level. Application number US6957048B2 concerns multiple devices used in portable electronic devices. In battery systems, the charging and discharging processes of batteries are carried out safely and in a controlled manner. 25 It relates to a switching circuit that enables its implementation. However, the application states that... Voltage and current fluctuate by microseconds when the battery is inserted or removed. Dynamic control of MOSFETs by monitoring at this level, arc formation and By actively preventing inrush currents, the charging and discharging paths Controlled by independent back-to-back MOSFET pairs 30 It is not explained. 3 In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions being the subject of discussion... Due to its shortcomings, an improvement is needed in the relevant technical field. It has been made. Purpose of the Invention The invention was created by drawing inspiration from existing situations and addressing the aforementioned drawbacks. 5 It aims to solve the problem. The main purpose of the invention is to serve the defense industry, communication systems, radar systems, and high-tech applications. Battery systems used in industrial electronic devices where reliability is required, a system that allows it to be safely changed without interrupting the power supply The goal is to develop an electronic control circuit. 10 The purpose of the invention is to allow the battery to be safely removed while the system continues to operate. It provides a Hot-Swap feature that allows for easy installation. This enables battery replacement. During this process, power continuity is maintained without the need to switch off the device. This prevents interruptions, data loss, and time loss that may occur during the operation. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent sudden current surges (Inrush 15) that may occur between the battery and the system. Current) and reverse current that may occur between batteries (Back-Feeding / Reverse Current) by electronically controlling the flow of current in power switching elements and to prevent damage to the battery system. Another purpose of the invention is to utilize reverse series connected MOSFETs in charging and discharging lines. Thanks to its (Back-to-Back MOSFET) structure, MOSFETs have an internal parasitic diode (Body 20 Complete electrical isolation in both current directions by eliminating the diode effect. The aim is to ensure that unwanted flow of energy from the battery to the system or from the system to the battery is prevented. Current flows are prevented, and charging and discharging paths are safely controlled. It is possible. Another purpose of the invention is to connect or disconnect the battery from the system. 25 switching by monitoring voltage and current values ​​in real time. to perform the operation in a controlled manner, thus preventing the formation of electric arcs and sudden current surges. surges and excessive electrical stresses that may occur on electronic components The goal is to prevent. 4 The invention also enables high current transmission where the charging and discharging paths can be managed independently. capable of operating with low power loss and meeting military and industrial standards. to create a modular battery control infrastructure that meets reliability requirements It aims to... Another aim of the invention is to combine battery protection and power management functions into a single electronic 5 Increasing system reliability, maintenance, and battery efficiency by integrating them on a control board. to facilitate change processes and ensure uninterrupted energy management in critical tasks. to provide. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. Thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures, it becomes clearer. 10 This will be understood, and therefore the evaluation should also take these forms and detailed explanations into consideration. It needs to be done by taking precautions. Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1 shows the switching circuit that is the subject of the invention. Description of Part References 15 1. Charging-discharging connector 2. Charging line switching element 3. Current sensing resistor 4. Discharge line switching element Detailed Description of the Invention 20 This detailed description explains the switching system that provides uninterruptible power management, which is the subject of the invention. The preferred structures for this circuit are solely aimed at a better understanding of the subject. This is explained as follows. The invention allows for the removal of the battery or the insertion of a new battery while the system is running. It is a switching circuit that provides uninterrupted power management during installation, and the battery is 25 compatible with, providing current transmission and secured in an external housing, the charger. The discharge connector (1) controls the charging current from the external source to the battery and reverse series charging lines preventing feedback from the battery source Switching element (2), which controls the current going to the system load, reverse current leakage. and in order to prevent arc formation, discharge line switching is performed with reverse series connections. element (4) measures the instantaneous current on the line and transmits data to the microcontroller, overcurrent in case of charging line switching element (2) and discharge line switching element (4) contains a current sensing resistor (3) that enables it to be switched off. Charge-discharge connector (1), compatible with the battery, provides current transmission and an external 5 It is a connection element fixed inside the housing. Charging line switching element (2), controls the charging current coming from the external source to the battery and the battery's return from the source. It consists of reverse series connected MOSFETs that prevent power supply. Discharge line switching element (4) controls the current going to the system load, reverse current 10 MOSFETs connected in reverse series to prevent leakage and arc formation It consists of. Current sensing resistor (3) measures the instantaneous current on the line and sends data to the microcontroller. transferring and charging line switching element (2) and discharge line in case of overcurrent It is the element that triggers the switching element (4) to shut down. When the battery is placed inside an external housing, the charge level on the battery is -15 The system connection is established with the discharge connection (1). After the system is energized The microcontroller instantaneously verifies the charge-discharge connection (1) and the battery voltage. Removing the battery or installing a new battery while the system is running During (Hot-Swap), the discharge line switching element (4) and the charge line switching element (2) is activated. During normal operation, the current passes through these switching elements 20 Transmission is bidirectional via (2,4). Instantaneous during battery removal or discharge. If there is a tendency for reverse current to occur, switch elements (2,4) Thanks to the back-to-back series MOSFET structure that it forms, MOSFETs When one is taken to the cutting area, reverse current flows through the body diode. Passage is also blocked. 25 A sudden increase in current values ​​is detected through the current sensing resistor (3). If this is done, the microcontroller can switch the charge line within microseconds. by taking the element (2) and the discharge line switching element (4) to the cutoff, the system and This protects the battery against the risks of electrical arcs and short circuits. Safely removing or installing the battery without interrupting the system's power supply 30 It is provided.

Claims

6 REQUESTS 1. Removing the battery or installing a new battery while the system is running. It is a switching circuit that provides uninterrupted power management during installation, Feature; 5  Compatible with the battery, provides current transmission, and is housed in an external enclosure. fixed charge-discharge connector (1),  controls the charging current coming from the external source to the battery and the battery reverse series connected charging lines preventing feedback from the source Switching element (2), 10  Controls the current going to the system load, prevents reverse current leakage and arcing. discharge lines connected in reverse series to prevent formation Switching element (4),  Overcurrent sensor that measures the instantaneous current on the line and transmits data to the microcontroller. In this case, the charging line switching element (2) and the discharge line switching element 15 It contains a current sensing resistor (3) which enables the element (4) to be switched off.

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