IONIZATION-BASED CLOSED-CIRCUIT HEATING AND DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM

Abstract

The invention is an electric heating system for heating and hot water supply in homes, workplaces and industrial facilities; it includes a sealed and unpressurized reactor (2) containing an electrically conductive liquid, numerous electrodes that directly heat this liquid with alternating current passing through it, at least one circulation pump (5) that circulates the heated liquid in a closed primary circuit, two heat exchangers (6) for radiators and domestic water where the primary and secondary circuits are kept separate, a flow switch that detects the demand for domestic hot water, and a microcontroller control board that manages all components via relays. Thus, limescale buildup on heating surfaces is structurally prevented, the device can be configured as single-phase / three-phase in the field, and energy consumption and thermal fluctuations are reduced.

Description

1 TARIFF IONIZATION-BASED CLOSED-CIRCUIT HEATING AND DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to space heating and uninterrupted domestic hot water supply for homes, workplaces and industrial facilities. It relates to electric heating systems used to meet the (DHW) demand. The invention specifically refers to a device containing an electrically conductive liquid, which is transmitted via electrodes. a sealed and pressureless reactor (boiler) in which this liquid is heated directly; in this reactor The heat is transferred to the system and to use via two hydraulically separated plate heat exchangers. a closed primary circuit that transfers water to it and this hydraulic-electrical process is carried out through relays 10 an integrated heating device (combi boiler) containing a microcontroller control board that manages it It is related. STATE OF THE ART Nowadays, electric boilers and electric appliances are commonly used for heating homes and workplaces. Boilers are used. A significant number of known electric combi boilers use mains power at 15 The water comes into direct contact with the electric heating elements. This is especially true for hard water. In high-temperature waters, limescale (calcium carbonate) accumulates on heating element surfaces. This leads to a decrease in heat transfer efficiency and premature failure of the resistors. It opens. Another well-known approach is electrode-based boilers. In this type of boiler, heat is transferred through a conductive 20 by the heat generated by the electric current passing through the liquid (the liquid's own resistivity) (It is produced via) and may not have a classic resistance heater. Electrode These robust boilers can operate with single-phase (monophase) or three-phase (triphase) power supplies, It is known that the conductivity of a liquid can be adjusted with the addition of various salts or alkalis. In the current state of technology, combi boilers have a heating (radiator) circuit of 25 Double heat exchanger systems that separate the domestic hot water circuit from the domestic hot water circuit, domestic hot water "Domestic hot water" temporarily switches off the heating circuit when water demand arises. "Water priority" functions, freeze protection functions, and specific pump functions. Control approaches such as locking under certain conditions are also known. However, in known solutions, the heat-generating volume containing the conductive liquid and this heat is 30 the circuits through which the current is transferred are around a single sealed and unpressurized reactor, in a low and limited range. within the operating temperature range, together with a conductive liquid having a specific conductivity range, 2 integrated under a control architecture that performs temperature-dependent electrode stepping. A structure for bringing things together in this way is not sufficiently known. Furthermore, what is known... Some electrode boilers utilize pressurization or steam of the heated conductive fluid. It is susceptible to safety and lifespan issues depending on its production. Therefore, to structurally prevent calcification, the conductive fluid should be transferred in a pressureless and sealed container. 5 maintaining a limited temperature band within the volume, transferring heat through discrete heat exchangers, and An integrated system that can be configured as single-phase / three-phase on-site depending on the electrical infrastructure. A heating system is needed. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the invention is to create a conductive 10 that structurally eliminates limescale buildup on heating surfaces. by keeping the liquid in a pressureless and sealed reactor within a limited operating temperature range A heating system that minimizes fluid loss and steam / pressure related safety issues. The aim is to provide a domestic hot water system. Another purpose of the invention is to use a heat-generating conductive fluid to heat the installation water and utility water. two plate heat exchangers that do not mix at any point, physically separate from each other. 15 The goal is to provide a closed primary circuit structure through which the signal is transmitted. Another objective of the invention is to enable the electrodes inside the reactor to operate in both single-phase and single-phase modes on the same housing. With a terminal block structure that allows connection to both parallel (single-phase) and separate phases (three-phase), enabling a single device design to be used in different electrical infrastructures and thus production The aim is to ensure the standardization of the band. 20 Another purpose of the invention is to reduce the number of electrodes kept in the circuit depending on the temperature. gradually changing the heating circuit in response to domestic hot water demand. a relay-based system that stops freezing and provides frost protection at low temperatures The goal is to reduce energy consumption and thermal fluctuations through control architecture. Benefits of the Invention 25 The invention provides the following main advantages compared to the prior art: – The heater is kept in a sealed and separate primary circuit thanks to the conductive fluid. structural prevention of calcification on surfaces, – Operating the reactor in a pressureless and limited temperature band minimizes fluid loss and Minimizing safety problems caused by steam / pressure, 30 – The same device can be configured as single-phase or three-phase in the field, thus improving the production line. standardization, 3 – Energy with temperature-dependent electrode grading and priority for domestic hot water. Reducing energy consumption and thermal fluctuations. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. Exploded (assembly) showing the main components of the heating system subject to the invention. It is the appearance. 5 REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 Combi boiler body 2 Reactors (Combined Boiler) 3T Brass Connector 4 Expansion Tanks 10 Circulation Pump 6 Heat Exchangers (Plate Type) 7 Heat Exchanger Mounting Plates 8 Elbow Connectors 9 Safety Valve / Valve 15 Filling plug DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is a closed-loop heating and domestic hot water system based on ionization; The boiler housing (1) contains an electrically conductive liquid inside the aforementioned boiler housing (1) 20 from a sealed and unpressurized reactor (2), placed inside this reactor from a number of electrodes, heat from the reactor is transferred to two heat exchangers that are hydraulically separated from each other (6) transferring at least one circulation pump (5), one of these heat exchangers (6) one will serve the radiator / plumbing circuit, and the other will serve the domestic hot water circuit. from its arrangement, a flow switch that senses the demand for domestic hot water, and 25 from a microcontroller control board that manages all these components via relays It consists of; however, the structured between the expansion tank (4) and the reactor (2) The T-shaped brass fitting (3) is structured to grip both heat exchangers (6). Elbow connection elements configured on heat exchanger mounting plate (7) and reactor (2) (8) and safety valves (9) are included. 30 4 Inside the reactor (2), there is a heat carrier and also an electrical conductor. The liquid is present. In the preferred application, this liquid is a small amount of pure water mixed in. It is a conductive solution prepared by adding potassium carbonate. An example application shows... Approximately 1-2 grams of potassium carbonate are added to about 10 liters of pure water, and the following is obtained: The electrical conductivity of the resulting solution is maintained at approximately 100–250 µS / cm. 5 This conductive fluid is shipped not on site, but filled into sealed reactors at the factory. The invention is designed to work with a known type of conductive solution in the specified ratios. It is arranged in this way. Heat is generated by applying alternating current (mains) to the electrodes inside the reactor (2), It is produced by the heat generated by the current passing through the conductive liquid; in other words, 10 Heat is generated through the conductive fluid itself, rather than through a separate resistance surface. Liquid heat carriers circulate only within a closed primary circuit; mains water, The water returning from the radiator and the service water do not come into contact with this fluid at any point. Thus... Limescale buildup on heating surfaces is structurally prevented. The reactor (2) is manufactured from 304 grade stainless steel in the preferred application. 15 In one example application, the reactor body is approximately 168 mm in diameter and approximately 350 mm in width. It is around the neck, and its top and bottom ends are closed with stainless steel caps (caps), and inside There are approximately 10 liters of conductive fluid. The conductive fluid is located inside the closed reactor. heated in a pressureless environment and passed through two heat exchangers (6) with the help of a circulation pump (5) It heats the heat exchangers by circulating the water between them. 20 Reactor (2) has a limited operating range of approximately 60°C in the preferred application. It is designed to operate within a temperature band. Thanks to this limited operating band, Liquid loss due to evaporation and the resulting change in conductivity are minimized. Thus, the level and conductivity of the conductive liquid are kept stable. The top of the reactor... In section 25, the release of air dissolved in the liquid during heating is ensured. It has an automatic air vent that provides air purging in case of a possible fluid shortage. Leveling by adding pure water through the filling plug (10) on the reactor It can be completed. The system also includes an expansion joint to accommodate volume changes on the plumbing side. It includes a tank (4) and a safety valve (9) for safety purposes. 30 The conductive liquid heated in the reactor (2) is transferred to a closed primary circuit with the help of a circulation pump (5). It transfers heat by circulating through it to two plate heat exchangers (6). One of these heat exchangers (6) one is for heating radiator / system water, and the other is for domestic hot water (DHW). It serves to heat the water. In both heat exchangers, there is a primary circuit (conductive fluid) and a secondary circuit. The circuit (system water or domestic water) is physically / hydraulically separated from each other. heat is retained; heat is transferred through a conductive metal surface, liquids mix together. It does not interfere. On the other hand, the circulation pump (5) affects the reactor temperature. To prevent failure and to save energy; microcontroller Gain 5 with a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or analog signal produced by. by driving it with proportional speed control (modulation) depending on its temperature. It is structured. Thanks to this separate structure, the heat-generating conductive fluid is resistant to contamination and scaling. The plumbing / mains water is isolated from each other, in the heat-generating volume where the conductive fluid is located. Lime formation is structurally prevented. 10 In reactor (2), there are three electrodes in the preferred application. The electrode connection terminals are selected according to the electrical infrastructure of the building where the installation will take place. It is designed to be physically reconfigured on site. Single-phase. In practice, the electrodes are connected in parallel to the single phase (L) via a connecting busbar. In three-phase applications, each electrode is connected to a separate phase (L1, L2, L3). They are connected. Thus, with a single device design, both residential single-phase and... Three-phase installations for villa / workplace type applications can be accommodated, and the production line is standardized. The energy supplied to the electrodes is transmitted by the microcontroller control board to the relays (or Switching is done via contactors / semiconductor switching elements. Control card; from a temperature sensor on reactor (2), flow switch and room 20 by evaluating the signals from the thermostat, the electrodes and pumps (5) It manages its feed. The reactor (2) also has an expansion tank that is closed to the atmosphere. (4) The pressure is balanced / limited. The microcontroller control board keeps the electrodes active depending on the reactor temperature. It is structured to change the number gradually. In an example application, 25 While the temperature is low, heating is provided with high power by keeping three electrodes in the circuit; The number of electrodes kept in the circuit is gradually increased as the target working band is approached. The power is reduced by decreasing the electrodes (for example, from three electrodes to two, then to one electrode) and Thermal overshoots are prevented. Additionally, the system shuts down when the defined upper threshold is reached. It stops by cutting off the electrode supply; and when the temperature drops to a certain lower value, it stops at 30. Soft-restart by triggering only a single electrode relay. This is done in order to prevent sudden power surges and thermal shocks. (As mentioned above) The temperature thresholds and electrode numbers are examples only, and the scope of the invention is limited to these values. It is not limited. 6 On the other hand, through an energy analysis module integrated into the system, from the grid... The instantaneous current drawn (Amperes), instantaneous power (kW), and total consumption (kWh) are directly measured. It has the ability to read and process this data to determine the gradation of the electrodes (3- 2-1) not only according to temperature, but also balancing the grid draw, power 5 autonomously manages the system to set limits and provide overcurrent protection. It contains a microcontroller control board. In domestic hot water priority mode, the flow switch detects the demand for domestic hot water. At that moment, the microcontroller temporarily switches the heating demand from the room thermostat. By suppressing it, it cuts off the supply to the radiator circulation pump and the system's heating. It redirects its capacity to the domestic water heat exchanger. Thus, during showering / use, 10 Uninterrupted hot water comfort is provided. In thermal shock protection mode, the pump that supplies water to the radiator circuit... even if the room thermostat requests heating, the sensor on the reactor (2) The microcontroller locks the system via a relay until the defined operating threshold is reached. It is held. When the reactor temperature drops below the predetermined lower limit, the pump starts again at 15. the reactor was shut down and collapsed due to cold system water (sudden drop in temperature) It is blocked. In summer mode (domestic hot water only); the microcontroller and radiator by completely cutting off the supply to the pump, only the boiler (primary) pump will operate at the temperature. 20 It is structured. In freeze protection mode, while the system is in sleep (standby) mode, the sensors detect liquid. When the microcontroller detects the temperature at a predetermined low value (e.g., 5°C), It activates the circulation pumps and only one to prevent freezing. The electrode is supplied with a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal at partial power (e.g., approximately 25 (at 30%) until the temperature reaches the defined safe value (e.g., 15°C). It has a structure that protects the system from freezing.

Claims

7 REQUESTS 1. The invention relates to the heating and domestic hot water needs of homes, workplaces and industrial facilities. It is an electric heating system for meeting the needs; its feature is that it contains electrical components. a sealed and unpressurized reactor containing a conductive liquid (2); the said conductive direct heating of the liquid by passing alternating current through it 5 Numerous electrodes placed inside the reactor (2) to provide heating; at least one circulation that moves a conductive fluid through a closed primary circuit pump (5); the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are hydraulically separated from each other one is used to heat the radiator water and the other to heat the domestic hot water. at least one heat exchanger (6); a flow switch that detects the demand for domestic hot water; and 10 depending on the reactor (2) temperature, flow switch and room thermostat, the electrodes and manages the supply of the circulation pump (5) via relays It includes a microcontroller control board.

2. Heating system in accordance with Claim 1; its characteristic is that the conductive liquid inside the reactor (2), Prepared by adding potassium carbonate to pure water, and having an electrical conductivity of 15 to be a conductive solution with a conductivity range of approximately 100–250 µS / cm It is regulated.

3. Heating system conforming to claim 1 or 2; its characteristic is that the reactor (2) has a heated conductor. in a pressureless structure where the liquid is not pressurized and dissolved air is at the top an automatic air bleeder that allows for the liquid level to be fully replenished in 20 seconds. It contains a filling plug (10) which provides 4. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its characteristic feature is the conductive fluid. to be kept within a limited operating temperature range of approximately 60°C It contains a structured stainless steel reactor (2).

5. Heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is reactor (2) 25 the connection terminal of the electrodes inside must be connected to the electrical infrastructure of the installation location. According to the field; in the single-phase configuration where electrodes are connected in parallel to a single phase (L) or a three-phase configuration where each electrode is connected to a separate phase (L1, L2, L3) It contains a structure that can be physically transformed.

6. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is the 30 mentioned. Depending on the reactor (2) temperature, the number of electrodes kept in the circuit can be controlled via relays. gradually reducing the electrode feed at a specified upper temperature threshold. The circuit breaker activates only the single-electrode relay when the temperature drops to a predetermined lower value. 8 configured to trigger a soft restart It includes a microcontroller control board.

7. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is the flow switch. The moment it detects the demand for domestic hot water, it switches to the heating request from the room thermostat. By suppressing it, it will cut off the supply to the radiator circulation pump (5) and heating 5 a domestic hot water that will direct its capacity to the domestic hot water heat exchanger (6) Its priority is that it includes a microcontroller control board with a relay.

8. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its characteristic is radiators. The pump supplying water to the circuit must be powered even if the room thermostat requests heating. Until the sensor on reactor (2) reaches the specified operating threshold, 10 The reactor temperature will be locked via relay by the microcontroller. When the value drops below the specified lower value, the pump is stopped and the reactor (2) thermal It includes a protective structure that will prevent its collapse.

9. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is: microcontroller control board, in standby mode, conductive liquid 15 If it detects the temperature at a predetermined low value, it activates the circulation pumps. will activate and pulse width modulation (PWM) using only a single electrode. A frost protection system that will protect the installation from freezing by driving it at partial power with a signal. It is the structure it possesses.

10. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is that the system has 20 The instantaneous current drawn from the grid via an integrated energy analysis module. (Amperes), instantaneous power (kW), and total consumption (kWh) can be read directly. only by processing this data and grading the electrodes (3-2-1) Not only based on temperature, but also balancing grid demand, power limiting. 25 autonomously managed to perform and provide overcurrent protection. It includes a microcontroller control board.

11. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its characteristic is that it is directed towards the atmosphere. Sealed reactor (2) with closed, expansion tank (4) and pressure balanced / limited. It includes.

12. A heating system suitable for any of the previous requirements; its feature is circulation 30 to prevent the reactor temperature from collapsing and to save energy by pumping (5) for this purpose; a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) generated by the microcontroller 9 or proportional speed control (modulation) depending on boiler temperature via analog signal It is structured in such a way that it is applied by means of a process.

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