BATTERY-RELATED THERMAL RUNAWAY, COOLING AND FIRE SUPPRESSION CHEMICAL AGENT.

Abstract

The invention relates to a chemical for suppressing, extinguishing, cooling, and preventing reignition of fires caused by thermal runaway (uncontrolled thermal chain reaction) in lithium-based electrochemical energy storage systems. It relates to the agent / composition and the method of application. The composition developed within the scope of the invention; high temperature generated during a fire, cell 10. Internal exothermic reactions, combustible gas release, and intercellular thermal diffusion processes by intervening to limit the progression of the thermal runaway process It has been designed. The chemical composition of the invention consists of deionized water, potassium carbonate, and ammonium phosphate. silica-based components, surfactants, gelling polymers, cooling salts It has a multi-component structure that can contain 15 mixtures and stabilizers. Composition; liquid, gel, It is formulated to be applied in aerosol or concentrated form, and is suitable for fire fighting. It reduces the temperature by absorbing the heat generated during combustion, thus chemically inhibiting combustion reactions. It inhibits and forms a protective and semi-insulating layer on the battery surface. By doing so, it reduces oxygen contact and limits heat transfer between cells. The composition developed within the scope of the 20 inventions also prevents re-formation that may occur inside the battery. It provides thermal stabilization to reduce the risk of ignition. Thanks to its electrically non-conductive composition, it is suitable for use in energized systems. Safe use is ensured, and in this respect, it is different from traditional water-based extinguishing methods. It offers a security advantage compared to other systems. 25 Inventions; electric vehicle batteries, energy storage systems (ESS / BESS), drone systems, in data centers, portable electronic devices and industrial battery applications They are designed to be used in both portable and stationary fire extinguishers. extinguishing systems, automatic fire suppression systems and pressurized spray systems It can be implemented with. 30 In this respect, the invention offers thermal runaway suppression and fire suppression compared to existing technical solutions. A multi-functional device that provides extinguishing, cooling, and reignition prevention functions all in one. It offers a chemical solution with a mechanism.

Description

BATTERY-RELATED THERMAL RUNAWAY, COOLING. AND FIRE SUPPRESSION CHEMICAL AGENT TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of fire safety and fire suppression technologies in general, and more specifically to... fires occurring in lithium-based electrochemical energy storage systems to control, extinguish and prevent reignition It relates to chemical compositions and application methods. The invention is particularly relevant to the following: It is located at the intersection of technical disciplines: 1.1. Electrochemistry and Battery Technologies  Lithium-ion (Li-ion), lithium-polymer (Li-Po), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) and in systems with similar battery chemistries,  Thermal runaway occurring at the cell, module and packet levels (uncontrolled) suppression of thermal chain reactions,  Control of fires caused by electrolyte degradation, gas leakage, and internal short circuits. 1.2. Chemical Fire Suppression Systems  Fire-fighting products that can be applied in liquid, gel, or aerosol form. extinguishing compositions,  Chemically inhibits combustion reactions and also provides cooling. providing hybrid fire extinguishing systems,  Combining flame suppression, heat absorption, and oxygen isolation mechanisms multifunctional solutions used 1.3. Thermal Management and Heat Transfer  In systems operating in the high temperature range (300°C – 1000°C+), heat must be dissipated quickly. chemical structures that absorb and distribute in this way, 35  Compositions that reduce temperature through endothermic reactions,  Insulating layers that prevent heat dissipation between battery cells 1.4. Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Safety 40  Electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles, drone systems and stationary energy storage Fire safety of batteries used in ESS systems,  Fires in charging stations, battery storage areas and transport systems reducing risks,  Fire extinguishing solutions applicable in both indoor and outdoor areas. 45 1.5. Industrial and Portable Fire Suppression Applications 1  Fire extinguishers, fixed extinguishing systems and automatic Chemical components that can be used in fire suppression systems,  Portable, rapid response equipment and integrated solutions,  Security for critical infrastructure (data centers, energy facilities, military systems) applications 1.6. Positioning of the Invention This invention differs from classic fire extinguishing systems in that:  Not only to suppress the flame, but also to control the chemical reactions inside the battery. focuses on  Provides chemical intervention to halt the thermal runaway process.  Cooling + insulation + chemical inhibition mechanisms in a single composition. combines STATE OF THE ART When examining solutions for lithium-based battery fires in the current market, The vast majority of methods used are due to the unique physical characteristics of such fires. It appears that it does not adequately match its chemical characteristics. Water-based fire extinguishing systems, in particular, are surface-based due to their high heat capacity. Although it provides cooling, it also helps prevent damage that occurs in lithium-ion batteries and within the cell itself. It is insufficient to halt the self-sustaining thermal runaway process. These types of systems mostly control the outer surface of the fire, while inside the cell... Reignition is frequent due to ongoing exothermic reactions. This is observed and is particularly high in electric vehicle fires. This necessitates the use of a significant amount of water. Dry chemical powders and ABC type While fire extinguishers can suppress the flame for a short time, the battery inside... Because it cannot prevent processes such as electrolyte breakdown, gas release, and oxygen production It is not possible to completely extinguish the fire. CO₂ and inert gas extinguishing systems suppress combustion by reducing oxygen concentration. Although it aims for 35 limitations, it does not provide the necessary cooling effect in lithium battery fires. It is unable to provide this and is rapidly losing its effectiveness, especially in open-field applications. In addition, there are some specialized fire extinguishing agents and foam-based solutions available on the market, Although it forms a temporary coating on the battery surface, it does not adequately facilitate heat transfer between cells. 40 is unable to prevent and stop the progress of chain reactions. However, most current systems have issues with electrical conductivity, toxicity, It also includes limitations in terms of environmental impact and equipment compatibility. Conclusion Current technologies allow for the prevention of lithium battery fires due to high temperatures and internal oxygen levels. Despite its basic characteristics such as rapid heat dissipation and re-ignition tendency, 45 production... 2 It is unable to offer a holistic, lasting and low-cost solution; this leads to a need for a more effective, multifaceted approach. next-generation chemical solutions targeting mechanistic and in-battery reactions It reveals the need. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The chemical composition developed within the scope of the invention is used in lithium-based batteries. providing only a superficial extinguishing effect against the fires that occur not only that, but they directly contribute to the intracellular chemical reactions that are the primary source of the inflammation. It is designed in a way that allows for intervention. EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION The invention incorporates a thermal runaway, also known as a battery, into its composition. chemically describes the uncontrolled thermal reactions that progress in a chain reaction within their cells. It has the ability to inhibit flames. Current techniques only suppress flames. While solutions are being found for this purpose, this invention targets the source of the reaction. This prevents the fire from reigniting. Another important advantage of the invention is that it protects against fire within the battery cells. It is able to suppress the formation of oxygen and combustible gases that occur. In lithium batteries The continuity of inflammation is largely related to intracellular oxygen production. Developed The composition chemically limits this process, thereby restricting the combustion reaction. This disrupts its continuity. In this way, not only is the existing flame extinguished, The likelihood of the fire reigniting is also significantly reduced. The composition will also have a high heat absorption capacity. It has been formulated. In battery fires, the temperature reaches 800°C in a very short time. It can exceed this level, which reduces the effectiveness of classic extinguishing agents. It reduces. The components used in the invention involve endothermic reactions. By absorbing heat through this process, it rapidly reduces the ambient temperature and the battery It limits heat transfer between the cells. This feature prevents the spread of fire. This prevents further cooling, allowing the system to be cooled in a more controlled manner. One of the key advantages of the invention is its ability to prevent reignition. It has a capability of 35. In current systems, after the fire is extinguished, what remains in the battery... Re-ignition due to hot spots is frequently observed. Developed composition, the semi-insulating layer it forms on the surface, and chemical stabilization. Thanks to its effect, it reduces the impact of these hot spots and prevents the fire from reigniting. This is a hindrance, especially in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. 40 provides a critical security advantage. The fact that the composition is not electrically conductive makes it suitable for use in energized systems. This offers a significant advantage in terms of fire intervention. It does not pose a risk in terms of electrical short circuit, arc formation or operator safety. It can be safely applied in 45 and active systems. This feature provides an advantage over existing water-based solutions. This constitutes a significant advantage in comparison. 3 The invention is also notable for its ability to deliver high efficiency using smaller quantities. This results in the use of high volumes of extinguishing agents in traditional methods. However, a smaller amount is required thanks to the chemical mechanism of action of this composition. This allows for faster and more effective results. This reduces both operational costs. It reduces and shortens the intervention time. When evaluated in terms of environmental impact, the composition is non-toxic and The fact that it is made from environmentally friendly components provides a significant advantage. Unlike some existing extinguishing agents, it does not produce gases harmful to human health and the environment. not producing and minimizing the need for additional decontamination after use is doing. This is especially important in indoor applications. Finally... inventions include electric vehicles, drone systems, energy storage units and portable usability in a wide range of applications such as electronic devices It provides compatibility with different battery types. The composition is integrated into both mobile and stationary fire extinguishing systems. It is adaptable. In this respect, it is more flexible compared to existing technical solutions. It is feasible and has the potential for widespread use. Elements involved in the invention Previous If Removed, If Removed, Preference Can Be Used No. Element Name New The Technique's Functionality is Preserved (gr) (gr) a It won't work. 1 Deionized Water ✔ ✔ ✔ 500 400–700 2 Potassium Carbonate 50 30–100 ✔ ✔ (K₂CO₃) 3 Ammonium Phosphate ✔ ✔ ✔ 40 20–80 4 Silica Solution 10–60 ✔ ✔ (SiO₂) Surfactant ✔ ✔ ✔ 5–20 6 Gel Formers 10–40 ✔ ✔ Polymer 7 Cooling Salts 60 30–120 ✔ ✔ The mixture 8 Stabilizers ✔ ✔ ✔ 5 2–10 Contributions and characteristics of the elements involved in the invention to its operation.  Deionized Water: Provides cooling by absorbing heat.  Potassium Carbonate: Chemically inhibits the combustion reaction.  Ammonium Phosphate: Provides flame suppression and surface coating.  Silica Solution: Forms an insulation layer on the battery surface.  Surfactant: Ensures the solution spreads quickly on the surface.  Gel Polymer: Increases surface adhesion by reducing fluidity.  Cooling Salts: Reduce heat through endothermic reaction.  Stabilizer: Increases chemical stability. 35 4 Temperature, time, etc., are also applicable values.  Application temperature: -20°C to +60°C  Storage temperature: 5°C – 30°C  Application time: 10 – 120 seconds  Duration of effect: 5 – 30 minutes (thermal stabilization)  Spray pressure: 2 – 8 bar HOW THE INVENTION WAS APPLIED IN INDUSTRY The chemical composition developed within the scope of the invention is used in lithium-based batteries. In order to respond to the fires that occur, directly to the source of the fire It is designed to be implemented. During application, the composition should preferably be applied using a pressurized spray system, fire via fire extinguisher, fixed extinguishing line or automatic fire suppression system They are directed to the fire zone. In terms of application effectiveness, the composition should only be applied to the surface where the flame is visible. No, covering the entire battery module and, if possible, between the cells. It is important that it is applied in a way that penetrates the gaps. In this way, both This both controls surface combustion and thermal insulation within the battery. The progress of the reactions is prevented. During application, the composition must be sprayed continuously and at a sufficient concentration. is required. The initial response time generally ranges from 10 to 60 seconds. This time can be extended depending on the battery size and the intensity of the fire. After the procedure, there is a risk of the battery reigniting. Observation should be carried out for a specific period of time (preferably 5 to 30 minutes) and necessary action should be taken. If observed, a second intervention should be performed. Especially in electric vehicle batteries and large energy storage systems, surface Intervention without ensuring the temperature has dropped to safe levels. 35 should not be terminated. Environmental conditions should also be taken into account during the application of the composition. Indoors. If the application is carried out in these areas, the gases that may be released during a fire Adequate ventilation must be provided for the evacuation of air. In open areas, the effect of wind is also a concern. With the 40 in front, the spray direction and distance should be adjusted accordingly. The recommended spray distance in terms of composition effectiveness is generally 1 to 3 meters. The distance is between meters, and maintaining this distance ensures that the agent is distributed homogeneously across the surface. It enables access. 45 From an electrical safety point of view, although the composition is non-conductive, It is recommended to disconnect the power source if possible during the application. However The composition can be applied safely even in situations where the power cannot be cut off. and does not pose an additional risk to the operator. 50 However, the use of personal protective equipment in high-voltage systems It is recommended that certain precautions be taken during the storage and use of the composition. Attention must be paid to the conditions. The product should be stored away from direct sunlight, preferably between 5°C and 30°C. It should be stored at temperatures between these ranges. Extreme temperatures or freezing conditions should be avoided. because it could negatively affect the physical structure and effectiveness of the composition, Storage conditions must be met. Container or tube must be used before use. The homogeneity of the mixture should be checked and, if necessary, gently shaken. It must be balanced. After application, the layer formed by the composition has a certain appearance on the battery surface. It is designed to remain in place for a certain period of time, and this layer should not be cleaned prematurely. It is recommended. This layer provides both thermal insulation and re-ignition protection. It minimizes the risk. After the intervention is complete, ensure the system has cooled down completely and It should not be put back into use without the necessary technical checks being carried out. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the composition that is the subject of the invention depends on the correct application method and sufficient... dosage, appropriate environmental conditions and post-intervention monitoring processes together This is achieved through its implementation, and attention should be paid to these points. This is critically important from a system security perspective. 6

Claims

BATTERY-RELATED THERMAL RUNAWAY COOLING AND FIRE SUPPRESSION CHEMICAL AGENT 1. Thermal runaway occurring in lithium-based batteries. suppressing, extinguishing, cooling and preventing reignition of fires It is a chemical composition used for the purpose of prevention; The composition includes at least one refrigerant carrier phase and at least one combustion reaction inhibitor. the active ingredient, at least one surface coating / isolating component and at least one stabilizer It is characterized by its inclusion.

2. According to Claim 1, the chemical composition of the refrigerant carrier phase in question is... It is characterized by containing deionized water.

3. Chemical composition according to claim 1 or 2, containing a combustion reaction inhibitor. The compound is characterized by containing potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃).

4. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, flame It is characterized by containing ammonium phosphate for printing and surface coating purposes. is being done.

5. The chemical composition of the battery is according to any of the previous requirements. It is characterized by containing a silica-based component that provides heat insulation on its surface. is being done.

6. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, to ensure homogeneous distribution of the composition on the surface, at least one It is characterized by containing surfactants.

7. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, and application. It contains a gel-forming polymer to increase its durability on the surface afterwards. It is characterized by...

8. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, and endothermic.

35. At least one coolant salt mixture for the purpose of lowering temperature by initiating a reaction. It is characterized by its inclusion.

9. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, chemical Characterized by containing at least one stabilizer to increase stability. It is 40.

10. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, and electrical Its non-conductive structure makes it safe in energized systems. It is characterized by its usability. 45 11. The chemical composition of the battery is according to any of the previous requirements. heat transfer in a way that reduces thermal diffusion occurring between cells It is characterized by forming a limiting barrier layer. 7 12. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, lithium-ion, Suitable for use in lithium-polymer, LiFePO₄, NMC and NCA type battery systems. It is characterized by...

13. Use of chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements. The method involves a spray system for the composition, a fire extinguisher, and a fixed structure. by means of a fire extinguishing line or automatic fire suppression system It is characterized by...

14. The method of use is according to claim 13, and the composition is applied only to the flame area. No, it will penetrate the spaces between the battery module and cells. It is characterized by its implementation.

15. Chemical composition according to any of the previous requirements, after application by forming a semi-insulating layer on the battery surface, reducing the risk of re-ignition. It is characterized by its reduction. 8