HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION

Abstract

A new transmission system is proposed for power and motion transmission. All gears in the proposed transmission are planetary gears. The difference from previous systems is that the planetary gears share a common shaft and satellite carriers. Furthermore, the side-by-side planetary gears are enhanced by the use of a rotary pump. This eliminates the need for a separate planetary gear set for reverse, resulting in a more compact structure. In the proposed transmission, there is no need to break contact between the gears during gear changes. The innovation of the proposed system is that gear changes are achieved only by hydraulically stopping or moving certain gears in the planetary gear sets. This provides a compact transmission and smooth gear changes.

Description

1 TARIFF HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION Definitions Transmission: A gear system that transmits the engine's rotational speed to the wheels, either increasing or decreasing it. It defines the group. Planetary gear set: Sun gear in the center, circumferential gear on the outside, and a gear between the two. This text describes the three-component basic structure consisting of a satellite carrier. (planet) Satellite gears, not satellite carriers, are one of the three main elements of gears. 10 This is what is meant. These three elements move relatively independently of each other. It does. The action of one of them cannot control the other two. However, the action of two of them... Its movement completely determines the movement of the third. Input shaft: The central axis that receives the rotational movement from the engine into the transmission. defines. The gears on this shaft will also be referred to as input gears. 15 Output shaft: The shaft that carries the rotational movement out of the gearbox to transmit it to the wheels. It defines the central axis that transmits the power. It gives names to the gears on it. Transmitter: A structure that transmits motion received from the input shaft to the output shaft. Carrier block: A monolithic structure in which multiple satellite carriers move together. It is a structure. 20 Carrier shaft: Multiple shafts embedded in and rotating with the carrier block. The shaft carrying the satellite gears. Hydraulic Control System: Hydraulics consisting of rotary pumps and shafts. It is a system. It enables gear changes. As a rotary pump, it has rotors in a gear structure. It is used. Gears that crush the hydraulics force it to move. Each planetary gear set has 25 A rotary pump is located in line with it. These rotary pumps are positioned opposite each other. It is mounted on two parallel shafts. 2 Pump gears: These are in contact with the peripheral gears and receive their drive from there. These are gears that act as a pump. The peripheral gears are internal gears. In addition, these External gears are cut into the peripheral gears. Pump gears, external gears of the peripheral gears. It is in relation with. Control shaft: This shaft plays a critical role in the control system. Rotary 5 It is located parallel to and equidistant from the two shafts carrying the pumps. Rotary It controls the pumps. Buffer: These are protrusions on the control shaft. They act as valves. Channel: These are the grooves inside the control shaft. They direct the hydraulic fluid. It provides. 10 Release space: Allows the control hydraulics to return to the hydraulic reservoir. the gap that gives. Recycling gap: A gap for the control hydraulics to return to the reservoir. A gap that forces the pump to enter in reverse. Main gear: One circumferential gear on the input and one on the output shaft, 15 These are gears obtained by stopping the engine. In these gears, torque and motion are only... It is transmitted through gears. Intermediate gear: Obtained by stopping a single circumferential gear on the input shaft. These are the gears used. In these gears, torque and motion are transmitted via gears and hydraulics. is transferred. 20 The technical field to which the invention relates This invention regulates the ratio at which engine speed is transmitted to the wheels in vehicles. It relates to mechanical and hydraulic transmissions. State of the art A classic mechanical transmission consists of different gear groups. Its power... The gears that transmit signals to each other have different diameters. The ratio of the diameters of the two gears determines the transmission distance. 3 It determines the gear ratio. It provides the connection between the engine and the wheel. There are 4-5 different gear sets. These determine the transmission ratio. The engine is running and... None of these are active while the vehicle is stationary. Engine and wheels. There are no gears connecting them. The vehicle needs to be able to move at the most... When the lower gear is engaged, the gear, which receives the movement from the motor, drives the wheels. The gears are brought into contact with the related gears. The motor and wheels engage for the next gear. Contact must be broken. Then, contact is required with a new set of gears. This situation... It's no different in automatic transmissions. Some of them have each gear... It creates different planetary gear sets and these gear sets are used for gear changes. They are activated sequentially. The torque converter found in fully automatic transmissions is 10 It is a coupling system. It disconnects and reconnects the engine and wheels. It undertakes the task of coupling. The hydraulics in the torque converter act as a turbine. While the system's element is a hydraulic, positive displacement system, our invention uses a hydraulic, positive displacement system. It is a component of the pump. Technical problems that the invention aims to solve. In the patented invention, all the gears are planetary gears. Furthermore, these are mounted on common shafts and carriers. The engine and There are also a series of gears between the wheels. However, the 20 between these gears Contact is never broken. This allows for smoother gear changes. It is trouble-free. Thanks to planetary gears, the gears have a relative independence. This is the issue. These gears make contact even when the engine is running and the vehicle is stationary. It is in this state. The engine is connected to the wheels via a series of shafts and gears. It is in this state. This relationship is never broken, even during gear changes. The new 25 This feature enables automation and is submitted to the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office. This is the justification for our patent application numbered 2025 / 018553. Additionally... Thanks to the hydraulic control, which is the subject of this new application, we have additional 4 Gear speeds are obtained. We call these intermediate gears. The most important thing is these gears. Some of their speeds can be programmed as reverse gear. This allows for a small number of planets to... A wide range of gear speeds with smooth gear changes can be obtained from gear sets. The lack of a separate mechanism for reverse gear makes the transmission quite compact. It creates the possibility of production. It also prevents uncontrolled movement of the vehicle. These 5 Therefore, features like hill-start assist are not needed. Explanation of the figures The simplest model that can be used for this purpose was designed and presented. 10 will be done. Figure 1 - Side (1.a) and front-rear detailed section view of the model. This The cross-sections have not been scanned for simplicity. The cross-section shows the sun, satellite, and surroundings. The gears are not shown individually, but the planetary gear sets are arranged alphabetically in order of 15. It is indicated as follows: A; first planetary gear set, B; second planetary gear set, C; third planetary gear set. Set D; fourth planetary set. Also, anterior-posterior section locations below the lateral section. These are indicated by arrows. These are the first planet set (1.b) and the middle space (1.c) It is in line with it. Figure 2 - Hydraulic control shaft. Perspective view and cross-section of the shaft are shown above. The locations are shown below, and cross-sections are shown as shaded areas. A; cross-section from the first planetary set alignment. B; cross-section from the second planetary alignment. C; cross-section from the third planetary set alignment. 25 D; cross-section from the alignment of the fourth planetary set. E; cross-section of the shaft's grooveless section. F; the space between the first and second planetary sets and between the second and middle space. Section at the separation line. G; the space between the middle void and the third planetary set, and between the third and fourth planets. Cross-section at the separation line between the sets. The grooves in the control shaft create two separate cavities. The first cavity is the back It is a conversion gap. It opens only to the outlet ports of 4 rotary pumps. Hydraulics from a rotary pump exit through a closed space and flow into a reservoir. 5 to get there, one must pass through an open exit hole in the opposite direction. It is necessary. The other space is the drain space. This is the outlet of the 4 rotary pumps. It opens into the drain as well as the hole. Thus, from a pump The incoming hydraulic fluid can reach the reservoir via the discharge channel. Hydraulic fluid. The buffer zones, grooves, and the two openings where the grooves open on the controller are 10. It must be designed for its intended purpose. The environment should be in a state of disarray. The pumps of the gears must open to the discharge cavity. Input shaft in main gears. 2 pumps, one on the shaft and one on the outlet shaft, with buffer. When closed, the others must be opened to the discharge gap. In intermediate gears, the input shaft... While one of the pumps on it is switched off, the other goes into the recycling bin, outlet 15 One of the pumps on the shaft goes to the recycling space, the other to the discharge. It should open into the void. Figure 3 - Side view showing the transmission path in intermediate gears of this model. The working principle and transmission methods of the main gears are defined in Turkish Patent and Trademark Office 20. This is explained in our patent application number 2025 / 018553 submitted to the institution. Figure 3.a shows the movement of the second rim gear while the first rim gear is stopped. Figure 3.b shows the transmission path to the third peripheral gear via hydraulics. The movement of the second rim gear is hydraulically activated while the first rim gear is stopped. Figure 3.c shows the transmission path to the fourth gear, second 25 While the first gear is stopped, the movement of the third gear is hydraulically activated. Figure 3.d shows the transmission path to the second gear. While the first gear is stopped, the movement of the fourth gear is hydraulically activated. 6 It shows the transmission path to the peripheral gear. The large arrows at the bottom indicate where it has been stopped. The "+" sign indicates the peripheral gear, the input peripheral gear transmitting the motion, and the "-" sign indicates the gear that transmits the motion. The image shows the output gear that receives the movement in the opposite direction. The cross-sections... The thin arrows inside indicate the transmission path, and the circular path around the inlet and outlet shafts. The arrows indicate the direction and speed of rotation. 5 Explanation of the references in the figures. The parts in the figures are numbered, and their corresponding parts are shown below. It has been shown. 1) Input shaft 2) Output shaft 3) Supporting block 4) Sun gear from the first set 5) Satellite gear of the first set 15 6) The perimeter gear of the first set 7) Pump shaft 8) Pump gears 9) Pump hydraulic inlet 10) Pump hydraulic output 20 11) Hydraulic reservoir 12) Hydraulic drain channel 13) Control shaft 14) Control buffer 15) Control channel 25 16) Bearings 17) Fixed safe 18) Blank 7 Description of the invention Planetary gear sets have 3 components: sun gear, satellite carrier, and perimeter gear. They are relatively independent of each other. In the relationship between these 3 elements, 1 element... It cannot be challenging for the others. However, 2 elements, the last one's movement 5 It determines this. By taking advantage of these properties of planetary gears, they can be used on common shafts. a new transmission consisting of many planetary gear sets placed side by side It is designed so that the sun gears and satellite gears are mounted on a common shaft. In this case, the third element, the peripheral gears, are relatively independent. Main The peripheral gears in the gears have no relation to other sets. They only have their own 10. They are related to 2 elements in their sets. They move in accordance with the movement of those elements. It does not directly participate in the transmission of power from the engine to the wheels. The transmission, in this way... A mechanism at the bottom to stop the elements (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, It includes (14, 15). We named this system the hydraulic control system. Stopped The elements associated with the peripheral gear are activated. The stopped set is 15 from the motor. It is forced to transfer the incoming drive to the wheels. Meanwhile, the other sets simply It adapts to the situation. Therefore, the sets of gears that are stopped by the surrounding gear shift. It is a determining factor. The other two elements of the stopped set play a role in power transmission. That set... The ratio between the diameters of the sun gear and the circumferential gear determines the gear transmission ratio. It determines the ratio between the diameters of the sun and the surrounding gear in each planet set. It differs from other sets. Gear changes are made using independent peripheral gears. This happens by stopping them one after the other. For the transmission to function, only the stopping operation needs to be managed. That is sufficient. Stopping can be achieved through many different mechanisms. Patent 25 Within the scope of the application, the stopping operation is carried out using a hydraulic system. This hydraulic system consists of a positive displacement rotary pump. Different Rotary pumps come in various shapes. In the gearbox we designed, there are 2 opposing pumps. 8 A rotary pump was used which is based on the gear (8) crushing the fluid. Rotary pump gears receive their drive from the peripheral gears. For this purpose, the peripheral gears... Gears are also cut into the outer surfaces of the gears and a pump gear (8) is placed opposite them. The control shaft is placed opposite the outlet holes (10) of the rotary pumps. (13) extends. The gaps on this shaft (15) allow the passage of pump hydraulics. 5 While giving, the buffers (14) do not allow passage. This shaft is the valve for all pumps. It serves the function of a hydraulic discharge channel (12) and reservoir passing through the outlet hole. (11) It reaches the pumps again, i.e., the inlet holes. In other words, it recirculates. The same hydraulic fluid circulates in all pumps. That is, their reservoirs are interconnected. Their shapes... The given transmission model has 4 hydraulic stop systems. Hydraulic 10 Stopping the transition means stopping the peripheral gear. Control The configuration of the driveshaft relative to the planetary gear sets determines the gear changes. To change gears, simply rotating the shaft is sufficient. As the shaft rotates... Some valves open while others close. This is like shifting gears. The system is based on the principle of stopping the peripheral gears. 1 and via the input shaft. When 2 circumferential gears are stopped, one on the output shaft The movement of the motor is transmitted to the wheel in accordance with the gear diameters in the relevant sets. The signal is transmitted. Stopping any more sets is a sign of malfunction. The motor is running. To hold the vehicle in the park position while in this situation, use the 2 20 on the output shaft. Stopping the transmission gear is sufficient. The engine can be started in this position. There is no problem. Since the circumferential gears on the input shaft are free, they are idlers. They are in this state. This prevents power and motion from passing to the transmitter. Even when the drive mechanism is forced into motion, two different rotational ratios are transmitted to the output shaft. Since this would not be possible, both the transmitter and output shafts must remain stationary. 25 It is necessary. In fact, since the circumferential gears on the input shaft are already idlers. The engine's power is not transmitted to the drivetrain. However, if the vehicle is on an inclined terrain, the output shaft... The fact that its two surrounding gears are locked prevents it from sliding down. 9 During gear changes, the pump in one set switches on while the pump in another set switches off. A period in which both are partially open during the transition from one to the other. This ensures smooth and effortless gear changes. This eliminates the need for numerous planet sets. 5 The working principles we have described so far are already established by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office. Defined in our patent application numbered 2025 / 018553 submitted to the institution. These are the working principles. They are also the main principles in this patent application. This applies to gears. In addition, the transmission we recommend in this application is 10 This model is enhanced with variations in its hydraulic control system. It is more compact than all of them. We obtain additional gear ratios which we call intermediate gears. This allows us to do this. In this model, the planetary gears on the input and output shafts There are as many main gears as the product of the gears. In this model, whose drawings are given, there are 2 x 2 = 4 main gears. These are all forward gears. In addition to these, reverse gear is also available. 15 No other planetary gear set or gear system is needed to operate it. Hydraulic. The remote control is much more functional when used than in previous models. An additional number of gear speeds can be obtained. In addition to the 4 main gears, 8 more intermediate gears are available. It is possible to do so. Some of these can be planned as reverse gears. Here It is not enough for the control shaft to only function as a stopper. Control 20 The shaft goes beyond its function as a valve and directs the incoming hydraulic fluid. Additional To obtain gears, hydraulic fluid from pumps on the input shaft flows outwards. The hydraulic fluid is directed to one of the pumps on the shaft. Thus, the hydraulic fluid is not limited to... It does not act as a stopper; it directly participates in the transmission of motion. In this model, shown in the diagram, in addition to the 4 main gears, 4 more intermediate gears provide 25 additional speeds. It has been designed. Two of these are reverse gears. From the circumferential gears on the input shaft. While one is stopped, the other is forced to turn back. Now, this turn is aimless. We cannot say that. Because this rotation is used directly for additional gear speeds. This Hydraulic fluid from the return flow is controlled by a pump on the output shaft. When the input gear is reversed to one of its gears, this output gear becomes the input gear. It rotates in the opposite direction of the gear at the same speed. This means 2 x 2 = 4 additional speeds. If Hydraulic fluid from the inlet pump gear passes through an outlet pump gear in the same direction. If transferred, then 2 x 2 = 4 additional gear speeds are obtained, which is 5 This means a total of 12 intermediate gear speeds. The model we have shown illustrates the hydraulic system. It is a design that will only be given in the reverse direction. For clarity, only 8 A model with gears has been designed. This is because it can be achieved using hydraulics. The efficiency of the gears needs further research. The hydraulic fluid circulates through channels. The torque and motion it transmits lead to significant losses due to friction and leakage. It might be opening. However, in main gears, movement occurs through valves that are closed. It is transmitted. In other words, the circulating hydraulics are only for giving way to the idler gears. Therefore, if we want to obtain a large number of gear speeds, we need input and output. It would be advisable to increase the number of planetary sets on the shafts. Hydraulic control. The additional gears we will obtain with this are reverse and gears for intermediate shifts, totaling 15. It can be meaningful when used in that way. That is, when the vehicle uses its main gears. should be driven. For speeds that will be used in exceptional situations such as reverse gear, however, it is even more difficult. There is no need for multiple planetary gear sets. These needs are met by hydraulic control. It can be solved. This model does not have a separate gear system for reverse. It is a model where, instead, the hydraulic control directly generates additional gear speeds. 20 Figure 3 illustrates the direction of movement and torque transmission in intermediate gears. The transmission of power in gears differs slightly from others. Stopped The input gear determines the movement of the block carrier. This, in turn, determines the movement of the second input gear. It determines the movement of the gear. Now this circumference determines the movement of the gear, idler 25 We cannot say that because the motion and torque are transmitted through this peripheral gear. Hydraulics. The control transmits this motion to one of the output gears. Output gear The relationship between the speeds of the block carrier and the output sun gear determines the direction of rotation. 11 and determines its speed. This direction can be suitable for both forward and reverse gears. The magic of it all. Part of it is here. This flexibility is achieved by the final product consisting of a small number of planetary gear sets. This allows for a highly compact transmission design. Except for those introduced by figures, provided they remain within the scope of this patent application, 5 Transmission models can be improved. Sun gears or carrier gears can be used as derailleurs. Blocks can be preferred. Transmission ratios can be varied by differentiating gear diameters. It is interchangeable. More gears can be obtained by increasing the number of planetary gear sets. It is possible. More bearings could be used to reduce friction. How the invention can be applied to industry. The transmission is an indispensable part of vehicles that use internal combustion engines. It is part of the invention. This gearbox, which is the subject of the invention, facilitates automation. However, Its effect on fuel needs research. Even if they don't participate in the transmission at all, 15 The fact that all the gears remain connected to the system is a disadvantage. Idler Unnecessary movement of gears in this position can increase fuel consumption. However... Since the direction of this motion will not change and its speed will change gradually, it is inertia. Due to the moment, this consumption may not be excessive. Bearings have friction. It can reduce losses. Likewise, the additional gears that can be obtained with hydraulic control are 20. Efficiency research is needed. However, the compact structure of these models... that is undeniable. On the other hand, the flexibility of the system and the hydraulic control mechanism... Therefore, it will be possible to keep the engine speed close to the optimum. This This situation will result in fuel savings. The improvement of idleness with bearings... It is not possible to provide this. 25

Claims

12 REQUESTS 1. All gears consist of planetary gear sets arranged side-by-side, and it is a hydraulic 5 It is a mechanical transmission enhanced with a control system.

2. According to Claim 1, it is a mechanical and hydraulic transmission, and its characteristic is the transmission. It contains rotary pumps.

3. Mechanical transmission according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by its rotary pump. It is the use of hydraulics in the transmission of rotational motion. 10 4. Mechanical transmission according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by its hydraulic reverse gear. It is obtained through transfer.

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