RADIATION-IMPERMEABLE LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING BLOCK, WALL SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED FROM THIS BLOCK, AND THE BLOCK'S PRODUCTION METHOD.

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated building block (10) providing radiation impermeability, a wall system (21) formed from these blocks, and the method of manufacturing the block. The block (10) consists of a binder matrix (15), a porous lightweight main component (12) containing air voids (13), and a fine barium-based sub-product (14). The main component (12) constitutes the majority of the dry mass of the body (11) by weight. Impermeability is achieved not by increasing the total density, but by a continuous absorber network (17) formed by the sub-product (14) dispersing in the voids between the grains of the main component (12) and preferably in the air voids (13) of these grains; this network breaks the linear transmission path of the photon (19), forcing it to scatter between successive absorber regions. Thus, high radiation resistance is obtained in a lightweight body (11) with a dry unit weight not exceeding 1,800 kg / m³. (Figure 3)

Description

1 TARIFF RADIATION-IMPERMEABLE LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING BLOCK, WALL SYSTEM FORMED FROM THIS BLOCK. AND THE BLOCK PRODUCTION METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD The invention provides impermeability to ionizing radiation, and especially to gamma rays and X-rays. 5 It is related to the structural elements that provide this. More specifically, the invention is a porous structure whose body consists mostly of air voids by weight. Despite consisting of a lightweight main component, it is a thin barium-based compound that is in the minority by weight. High radiation impermeability thanks to the distribution architecture of the sub-product within the casing. showing a prefabricated building block, a wall system made from these blocks, and the word 10 The topic concerns the production method of the block. STATE OF THE ART Building materials that provide protection against ionizing radiation consist of two separate, disconnected pieces. It developed in the polar regions. On one hand, it effectively prevents radiation from passing through, but on the other hand, it has high radiation levels. dense and heavy materials, on the other hand, lightweight materials that provide heat and sound insulation but are 15 There are materials that allow radiation to pass through. Heavy and impermeable materials Heavy concretes with barite (barium sulphate, BaSO4), hematite or magnetite aggregates and precast with barite The panels, thanks to their density of approximately 3,000–4,250 kg / m³, block radiation. It effectively makes it impermeable. In these solutions, the physical basis of impermeability is the material's 20 is the total density; as the density increases, the linear attenuation coefficient increases and the half-value Its thickness decreases. Document EP2077564A1 describes fractionated barite aggregate and cement according to the Fuller curve. including, and the document itself, about creating radioprotective barriers in X-ray areas. The expression refers to a material with the characteristic of "heavy mass" and the mortar, bricks, blocks and tiles produced from it. 25 It is explained in document CZ20177U1 that the composition contains 40–60% barite and calcium by weight. Prefabricated interlocking edge armor plates containing sulfate binder are described. Italian In baritic block products of origin and known commercially, the entire body is also barite. 2 It consists of aggregate, and impermeability is exclusively due to high density. is provided. Documents EP1947070B1 and EP2197810B1 describe calcium sulfate binder and barium sulfate. radiation shielding plasterboards covered with cardboard or fiberglass covering layers And the walls, partitions, ceilings, and floors constructed from these panels are described. TR 5 In document number 2018 / 05562, the aggregate composition includes barite, colemanite, and magnetite together. containing, glass fiber reinforced, with a dry density of 1.9–2.2 g / cm³ and a wall thickness of 3–7 cm Radiation-impermeable precast concrete elements are described. (TR 2014 / 14405) The document states that the mixture contains approximately 18% cement, 75% barite, and 7% water by weight, with no aggregates. A radiation shielding plaster and a panel produced from this plaster using a mold are described. 10 Document number CN111875314A describes coarse fraction (5–25 mm) barite and barite sand along with basalt. A cast radiation shielding concrete containing aggregate is described in the document in question. The absorbent heavy component is in the coarse fraction, and there is a porous light main component in the body. It is not available. The common aspect of these solutions is that impermeability is determined by the weight of the absorber component of the body. This is achieved by creating its mass and increasing its overall density. As a result, the products are heavy; a disadvantage in terms of transportation, assembly and support system loads. They are formed and, because they do not contain air gaps, they do not provide heat or sound insulation. Also, barite Since it is a brittle and abrasion-prone mineral, the entire body should be made of barite. It reduces machinability in pressing and molding processes. 20 Lightweight and porous materials Pumice (bims), expanded perlite and similar porous lightweight aggregates, and products made from them. Wall blocks are widely known. These products typically have a weight of 600–1,400 kg / m³ per unit. They have a bulk density and provide heat and sound insulation thanks to the air gaps they contain. However, these products are not intended to be radiation-impermeable; these products are not included in this 25 It is not used for that purpose. Technical bias in the field In the current state of the art, it is possible to achieve radiation impermeability of a lightweight and porous component. There is a strong and documented technique that suggests this feature is not only not provided, but is actually directly compromised. There is a bias. In the literature, the porosity and air voids within the material are 30 by reducing the intensity, it creates unshielded micro-regions through which radiation penetrates more easily; 3 reducing porosity, increasing density through compression and optimized blend design It is noted that increasing it directly improves attenuation. Similarly, low The use of high-density aggregate reduces the linear weakening coefficient of concrete, and on average... by extending the free path, allowing radiation to pass through the material without significant attenuation. It is reported to have caused 5 Because of this prejudice, a specialist in the field would choose a structure that is intended to be radiation-impermeable. from constructing the main body of the element from a lightweight, porous, and air-gap component avoiding; on the contrary, minimizing voids and increasing overall density It is directed towards this. Indeed, in the aforementioned commercial baritic block product, the entire stem Its production from barite aggregate is also a direct result of this trend. 10 The most recent study to examine pumice and barite together. The closest study to examine barite and pumice in the same publication is one that compares colemanite, barite, and ground pumice. Basaltic pumice and ground blast furnace slag were evaluated as mortar additives. This is an experimental study (Binici et al., Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 50:177-183). In the study in question, ground basaltic pumice was used not as a load-bearing skeleton, but with cement and 15 as a fine-grained heavy admixture replacing 2.5–10% by weight of fine aggregate It has been used; the expected weakening effect from pumice is based on the heavy metal oxides it contains. So pumice is an alternative to barite, with the expectation that it will play exactly the role that barite plays. It was tested as an absorbent additive. The study's finding is in line with this: 5% by weight. The linear absorption coefficient of pumice-added samples was found to be close to that of barite-added samples. 20 It is important to note that the pumice described in this study is basaltic pumice, and this pumice... This type of additive has been used as a direct radiation absorber. Therefore, the known state of the technique involves using pumice as a substitute for barite, either as a fine and relatively high-yielding material. either considered it a significant, heavy contribution, or a light but non-radiation-oriented one. It was used as aggregate. Pumice, in its low-density and coarse-fraction form, was used to fill 25 of the tree trunk. is the light main component, which constitutes the majority by weight; and barite is this main component. as a minority by weight of fine byproduct that surrounds the grains and fills their pores The specific structure in which it is located is not described in any source. Separation problem during the production phase The specific gravity of the barium-based sub-product is approximately 4.0–4.5 g / cm³, while the porous, lightweight parent component is 30. Its specific gravity is approximately on the order of 0.5–1.0 g / cm³. The difference of four to eight times, 4 In a fresh mix, the heavier grains settle to the bottom, the lighter grains move to the surface, and thus... This leads to separation (segregation). The first method that comes to mind for homogenizing the mixture is... High water content exacerbates this problem: the movement of particles when mixing stops. Separation increases because it is facilitated, and also a high water content mixture is processed by semi-dry pressing. They cannot be molded on the existing block production lines. This difficulty is why the two materials have not been used in the same 5 production lines until now. This is the main technical reason why it cannot be joined together in the fuselage, and the fuselage cannot be entirely made of one heavy object. This also explains the established preference for building from components. THE TECHNICAL PROBLEM SOLVED BY THE INVENTION The objective technical problem solved by the invention is this: a body whose weight is mostly air. 10 consisting of a porous and lightweight main component containing voids, therefore having a low density. a structure that, according to the known state of the art, is expected to transmit radiation. in its block, however, to achieve measurable and high radiation impermeability; this to prevent the separation of the heavy sub-product during production and to use the product in existing lightweight block production lines The goal is to make it manufacturable. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION 15 The main objective of the invention is to create a porous and lightweight main component containing air gaps with barium. By combining a fundamentally thin sub-product in the same housing, it offers both radiation impermeability and lightness. The goal is to obtain a building block that provides a middle ground. Another objective of the invention is to make the majority of the body's weight from a porous, lightweight main component. The aim is to keep the product lightweight by creating it and to leave the barium-based fine substrate in the minority by weight. 20 Another objective of the invention is to utilize the barium-based fine subproduct, which is a minority by weight, as the main component. The linear path of the radiation photon entering the body passes through the air gaps and between the grains of the component. by placing it with a dispersion architecture that will interrupt the transmission path and thus increase the photon The goal is to create a labyrinth effect that forces scattering between successive absorbing zones. Another aim of the invention is to provide radiation-proof structural elements, of which there have been 25 to date. to reach the remaining lightweight unit volume weight region and to achieve both thermal and sound insulation in the same product. It also provides its function. Another objective of the invention is to achieve measurable homogeneity in the block section of the barium-based sub-product. by enabling its dispersion, the problem of separation can be solved, and this solution is based not on a procedural recipe but on a product. It is based on a measurable structural characteristic. Another objective of the invention is a mixing regime with low water content and gradual water addition. Thanks to this, line changes are possible in existing semi-dry pressing and vibro pressing lines. 5 The goal is to offer a product and production method that can be produced without requiring any additional tools. Another aim of the invention is to prevent radiation leakage from the joints and connections of the blocks. a mortar with equivalent composition to the block body that provides uninterrupted impermeability Our goal is to offer a wall system. Another objective of the invention is to increase the neutron and 10 of the product by optionally adding boron-based additives. This also allows it to function as a shield against proton scattering. Another purpose of the invention is to improve the use of lead plates in manufacturing and post-manufacturing applications. eliminating the use of coatings and materials that are harmful to human health. to remove. Another aim of the invention is that radiation-proof walls can only be created by specially trained teams. not by him, but by any bricklayer available on the market, ordinary weaving. It is about making it possible to do so using techniques. Another aim of the invention is to create radiation-impermeable walls using heavy concrete for the structure. to eliminate the need for planning during the project phase and to utilize what is already available It is possible to make areas that have been subsequently converted also radiation-proof. 20 to provide. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 — Perspective of a preferred configuration of the building block subject to the invention. It is the appearance. Figure 2 — Top view of the same structure, with interlocking joints at the block ends. 25 It shows the geometry of their profiles. Figure 3 — Schematic view of an enlarged cross-section of the block body, with a porous, lightweight main body. a barium-based fine substrate that surrounds the component grains and fills their pores 6 the continuous absorber network it creates and the broken path of the radiation photon entering the body It shows. Figure 4 — Microstructure image of a cross-section taken from a block produced according to the invention. This is the actual representation of the distribution architecture schematically shown in Figure 3. Figure 5 — Front view of the wall system constructed from the blocks that are the subject of the invention, with the masonry section 5. the mortar is only found in horizontal joints and vertical joints are made with interlocking joints. It shows that it was created. Figure 6 — Horizontal cross-section of the interlocking vertical joint between two blocks, perpendicular to the wall surface. This demonstrates the attenuation of a radiation photon along a dedirected joint line. Figure 7 — A horizontal cross-section of an alternative structure with voids, showing 10 staggered panels. gaps and a linear line passing only through the gaps from one face of the block to the other. This indicates that it is not present. Figure 8 — Control sample without barium-based byproduct and the sample subject to the invention. This is a comparative graph of linear attenuation coefficients. EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES IN THE FIGURES 15 — Building block 11 — Block body 12 — Porous lightweight main component 13 — Air gaps (pores) in the main component 14 — Barium-based fine sub-product 20 — Connecting matrix 16 — Block voids 17 — Continuous phase (absorber network) formed by barium-based fine sub-product 18 — Interlocking joint profiles 19 — The path of a radiation photon 25 — Grout (mortar) 21 — Wall system 7 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The subject building block of the invention (10) consists of a bonding matrix (15), porous containing air gaps (13). and a coating on their surfaces containing a light main component (12) and a barium-based thin sub-product (14). a single-piece body without a layer (11), radiation-proof prefabricated structure It is a component. 5 The majority of the dry mass of the block (10) body (11) is the porous lightweight main component. (12) is formed; the barium-based fine sub-product (14) is the minority component by weight. Main The component (12) ratio should preferably be at least 55%, or more preferably at least 60%, of the dry mass by weight. In the most preferred configuration, it is at least 70%. The main idea of ​​the invention is that, contrary to established expectations in the field, radiation impermeability is achieved by 10% of the body. (11) not by increasing the total density, but by using barium-based thin substrates which are in the minority by weight. The product (14) is provided through the distribution architecture inside the body (11). Binding matrix (15) Binding matrix (15), preferably Portland cement or Portland composite cement It is a cement-based binder. The cement-based binder provides mechanical strength of 15 (10) to the block. It provides and the product is a radiation shielding with calcium sulfate binder and cover layer. It distinguishes the plate solutions. The binder ratio is preferably the dry mass of the block (10). It ranges from 3% to 18% by weight. Porous lightweight main component (12) The main component (12) is a porous and lightweight material with air gaps (13) in its structure. The main component (12) is pumice (bims), which is preferably a porous volcanic aggregate. porous and lightweight, containing air voids (13), instead of pumice or together with pumice. Other materials can also be used; these include expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, volcanic slag (scoria), expanded clay, and expanded glass granules These materials can be counted. Each of these materials can be placed in 25 locations within the distribution architecture described below. It performs the same function as pumice and the invention is porous, regardless of the type of the main component (12) It is based on the principle of being light. The loose unit volume weight of the main component (12) is preferably 220 It ranges from kg / m³ to 1,200 kg / m³. The main component (12) constitutes the majority of the weight of the block body (11) and the light main of the body It constitutes its mass. The main component used here (12) is ground, fine and relatively high 30 8 not a high-density, heavy additive; deliberately low-density, coarse-fraction, and stem (11) is a component that forms the main mass. This fact is that pumice is a fine and heavy additive. This is the fundamental difference that sets the invention apart from known studies in which it was used. The main component (12) being predominant by weight and low density, the known technique According to the expectation in this case, the block (10) should be made permeable to radiation. In the invention, this 5 The expectation was reversed thanks to the dispersion architecture of the barium-based fine subproduct (14). It is being translated. In addition, the main component (12) has air gaps (13), heat and sound insulation to the block (10). This provides the quality of radiation impermeability and insulation in a single structural element. Their functions are combined. Barium-based fine sub-product (14) 10 The barium-based byproduct (14) is preferably barium sulfate (barite, BaSO4) in fine fraction form. is used and the air gaps (12) of the main component (13) and the spaces between the grains It fills. The high atomic number of barium (Z = 56), the high density of the byproduct (14) and the interior The shell absorption properties are the physical basis that gives the shell (11) radiation impermeability. It forms. The byproduct (14) ratio is 50% by weight of the dry mass of the block (10), preferably 15 It is less than 45%, preferably less than 37%; in preferred configurations, it is between 10% and 37%, or more. The preferred range is 10% to 35%, with the most common structure being between 10% and 25%. Barium carbonate can also be used instead of or together with barium sulfate as product (14). Distribution architecture and labyrinth effect The distinctive core of the invention is the barium-based fine substrate (14), the porous lightweight main component 20 (12) radiation coming between the grains and into the air gaps (13), along the body (11). It is the scattering of a photon in such a way as to interrupt its linear path. The distribution architecture is defined in two stages. In the basic structure, barium-based thin sub-product (14) in the spaces between the grains of the porous lightweight main component (12) binder matrix (15) It is dispersed within it; even this much is enough to break the linear transition path of the photon (19) 25 It is sufficient. In the preferred configuration, the byproduct (14) is added to the spaces between the grains. As a main component (12), it also enters the air gaps (13) of the grains; thus the absorber mesh (17) is maintained not only in the intergranular volume of the stem (11) but also in the internal volume of the grains. And the labyrinth effect intensifies. Both structures fall within the scope of the invention. The fine sub-product (14) surrounds the main component (12) grains and fills their pores (13), 30 It forms a continuous network of interconnected absorbers (17). Radiation consists of photons. 9 They are arriving and photons are moving linearly as long as they do not encounter an obstacle. When a photon encounters an obstacle, it exhibits wave properties and continues its propagation, and each It loses some energy in the interaction. In the body of the invention (11), the photon (19) linearly The movement is interrupted by the main component (12) grains and the byproduct (14) clusters; The sub-product (14) particles, on the other hand, spread in the wave model with the breakwater effect. 5 It dampens. The arrangement of the byproduct (14) particles is neither excessively dense nor excessively loose, This prevents the photon (19) from progressing in both the linear and wave models. This labyrinth effect shows the effective path that the photon (19) must travel and the absorbing obstacle it encounters. It increases the number without needing to increase the total density of the body (11). Thus the body (11) consists mostly of a low-density lightweight component (12) 10 Nevertheless, a measurable and high radiation resistance is achieved. In the block created according to the invention. (10), the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) determined at 59.5 keV photon energy is preferably at least 0.25 cm⁻¹, preferably at least 0.50 cm⁻¹, even more preferably at least 1.00 cm⁻¹, most preferred In terms of structure, it has a minimum value of 2.00 cm⁻¹. A continuous 15 surrounds each of the main component (12) grains of the barium-based fine sub-product (14). forming phase (17) on a section taken from the hardened block, optical or electron It can be directly observed and measured by analyzing the microscope image; Figure 4 It shows such a cross-section. The feature in question is a method or a desired outcome. It is not a result, but a structural characteristic that can be directly verified in the product. Relationship between fine and coarse fractions 20 In a preferred structure of distribution architecture, the main component is (12) large fraction, The barium-based byproduct (14) is used in the fine fraction; so that the largest byproduct (14) The particle size is smaller than the smallest particle size of the main component (12). A preferred In the composition, the smallest particle size of the main component (12) is greater than 1 mm, the smallest particle size of the sub-product (14) is The large particle size is less than 1 mm. This inverse fraction relationship shows that the fine subproduct (14) is the large parent 25 It most effectively creates a continuous absorber network (17) by surrounding the component (12) grains. It provides and can be directly measured by sieve analysis carried out in accordance with TS EN 933-1. This relationship is known from radiation where the heavier component is used in the coarse fraction and the light component in the fine fraction. It is the complete opposite of preventative concrete mixes. Measurable homogeneity of distribution The invention demonstrates that the aforementioned decomposition problem is solved without resorting to a procedural description. It expresses a measurable characteristic on the product: the cross-section of the hardened block (10) thickness When divided into three equal regions along its length, the mass ratio of barium in the upper and lower thirds The difference between them should preferably not exceed 10% in absolute value. This feature applies to the top, middle, and 5 sections of the block cross-section. This can be confirmed by density measurement or chemical analysis in samples taken from sub-regions. Dry unit volume weight The dry unit volume weight of the block (10) determined according to TS EN 772-13 is a maximum of 1,800 kg / m³ and preferably between 700 kg / m³ and 1,800 kg / m³, or even more preferably between 1,000 kg / m³ and 1,800 kg / m³ These values ​​are within the range of 1,900 kg / m³ to 10 for known products that provide radiation insulation. It is completely outside the density range of 4.250 kg / m³ and the block (10) is lightweight It ensures that the structural element retains its quality. Block thickness Radiation resistance is determined by the block thickness (10) along with the distribution architecture. Block (10), total interaction path for the incoming photon (19) and the absorber region to be traversed 15 It is created with a thickness that will increase the number, preferably between 50 and 350 mm. Thus, it is lightweight. Even in the body (11), the thickness and distribution architecture together achieve the desired attenuation level. It is achieved by adjusting the settings. A preferred structure and micro-structure. In a preferred configuration, the block (10) is 385 mm 20 as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 190 mm in length, 185 mm in width and height, with a single-piece body without any gaps. (11) is a wall block. The two side surfaces of the block (10) facing each other interlock with neighboring blocks. It carries reciprocal protrusion and recess profiles (18) that provide block thickness. These profiles provide block thickness. to form a joint line that changes direction at least once while progressing in that direction It is arranged; in the preferred configuration, the profile has 25 vertical edges in the middle region of the block thickness. It has a stepped (notched) cross-section. This profile shape is not mandatory; stepped cross-section Alternatively, angled, arc-shaped, or multiple directional changes in sections can serve the same function. (Protrusion) The depth should preferably be between 10 mm and 100 mm, or even better, between 15 mm and 40 mm. The function of this geometry is that when two blocks (10) are placed side by side, one of the blocks is placed along the vertical joint. It does not leave a linear transition path from one side to the other. Thus, the mesh in the vertical joint is 30 11 Even if mortar (20) is not used, the photon (19) trying to pass through the joint will at least once pass through the material. It has to pass through and fades away. Figure 4 shows the microstructure image of a section taken from a block (10) produced according to the invention. The image shows the porous light main component (12) grains and the air inside them. The voids (13) are clearly visible; the fine barium-based sub-product (14) surrounds these grains 5 by surrounding and filling the spaces between the grains, they are bound together in the binding matrix (15) It is directly observed that it forms a connected continuous absorber network (17). Image, Figure This is the actual representation of the distribution architecture schematically described in section 3, and of that architecture. This indicates that it is not a procedural recipe, but rather a structural characteristic observable in the product. (Figure) The horizontal width of the image in 4 is approximately 8.2 mm, and its vertical height is approximately 4.1 mm. 10 Since Figure 4 is a two-dimensional cross-sectional view, the grain sizes visible in the cross-section are not the actual grain sizes. They are the cross-sectional lengths equal to or less than the grain size; therefore, grain size The determinations are made not from cross-sectional images, but from sieve analysis according to TS EN 933-1. is carried out. Void architecture and interlocking connection 15 In an alternative configuration shown in Figure 7, the block height is (11) in the body of block (10). There are at least two rows of gaps (16) that extend along the block thickness and the rows of said gaps are the thickness of the block. They are placed in a way that they are shifted relative to each other; so that the gaps in the first row The projections perpendicular to the block surface do not perfectly coincide with the voids in the second row. Thus, a linear 20 passes through only gaps (16) from one side of the block (10) to the other side. No lines are found; every linear line running along the block thickness is filled at least once. It passes through the material. The voids (16) can be filled with granular or barium-based sub-product (14) if desired. It can be filled with a mortar-like filler. In another arrangement, the blocks (10) have interlocking sides with neighboring blocks. There are reciprocal protrusion and recess profiles (18) that provide; these profiles form the vertical joint 25 a radiation path that does not leave a linear path of radiation passing through it, changing direction at least once. It forms a joint line. Figure 6 shows this joint line between the two blocks (10) and the wall (21) surface. This shows the extinction of the incident photon (19) along the line. 12 Lack of fiber supplementation The subject of the invention is a block of (10) glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, steel fiber or any similar fiber. There is no reinforcement. The mechanical strength of the block (10) is due not to fiber reinforcement, but to coarse fraction main This is achieved by the skeleton formed by the component (12) and the binding matrix (15) working together. Additional contribution to neutron and proton scattering 5 The invention stands out primarily for its resistance to photon radiation at all energy levels. This is emerging. However, nuclear power plants and high-energy radiotherapy In areas where intense atomic fission occurs, such as centers, photon radiation... In addition, neutron and proton scattering also occurs. Therefore, in a configuration, blocks (10) in addition to the barium-based sub-product (14) and within the same distribution architecture, 10 A boron-based additive such as colemanite, boric acid or borax is also included. Thus, the block (10), In addition to being radiation impermeable, it also functions as a neutron and proton shield. BLOCK PRODUCTION METHOD In order to achieve the dispersion architecture described above, the mixing method and Mixing time is also important. However, alternative mixing methods can be used to cover the subject of the invention. The production of the product is also protected within the scope of the structural characteristics of this invention. The first thing that comes to mind when trying to homogenize a mixture during mixing is to... It contains a high percentage of water. However, in a mixture with a high water content, the mixing process... When it stops, denser substances move downwards and lighter substances move upwards, and separation occurs. This occurs because the high amount of water in the mixture affects the movement of the particles. It facilitates separation and also works with semi-dry pressing blocks. This makes molding impossible along the lines. In the production method covered by this invention, this difficulty lies in the fact that water is used in small quantities and gradually. The mixture of the main component (12) and the sub-product (14) which were mixed in dry state beforehand is slowly added This is overcome by adding the sub-product (14) particles to each of the main component (12) particles. It accumulates around the surface and in its pores (13), and no decomposition occurs. Mixing time is also crucial. A shorter mixing time results in an even distribution of the mortar. cannot be done; on the contrary, in excessively long mixing, the main component (12) particles are crushed. and the lightness and insulation properties of the mortar decrease. Therefore, the mixing time, the bottom product (14) 13 will cause the particles to gather around the main component (12) particles but the main component (12) are kept at a distance that will not cause the grains to crumble. Accordingly, the production method includes the following process steps: a) Porous lightweight main component (12), barium-based fine sub-product (14) and binder, water Mixing dry without adding and the main 5 of the sub-product (14) particles Ensuring the distribution of component (12) on the surface and pores (13) of the particles, b) All of the total mixing water is added to the resulting dry mixture at once. without interruption, while stirring continues, the water is gradually and slowly added. addition, c) Mixing during and after the addition of water ensures that the main 10 particles of the sub-product (14) component (12) will cause the grains to gather around the main component (12) limiting the time to a period that will not cause the grains to crumble, d) Feeding the resulting semi-dry mixture into the mold and pressing and / or Compressing by applying vibration, e) Curing of the removed block (10). 15 The total amount of water added to the mixture is between 1% and 10% by weight of the dry mixture. It is within this range. Dry mixing time is preferably 10 to 30 seconds, from the start of water addition. The total mixing time should preferably not exceed 60 seconds, between 10 and 30 minutes. The lower limit of the time intervals in question is seconds. The lower limit of the sub-product (14) particles is the main component (12) The shortest time that allows the grains to gather around; the upper limit is the main component (12) 20 It is determined based on the time it takes for the grains to begin crumbling. In the compression step, pressing and vibration can be applied separately, or a preferred method can be used. In this setup, both methods are applied together. Adding water gradually is the preferred method. The product is a composite material, and the product in question can also be obtained through alternative mixing regimes; the product The structural features defined in the requirements are independent of the production method. 25 It is protected. This method can be implemented in existing lightweight block production lines without requiring line changes. It is feasible. 14 WALL SYSTEM During the manufacturing of walls (21) from blocks (10) that are the subject of the invention, radiation The joint solution is crucial for ensuring that its impermeability can function completely. On the wall (21) There are two types of joints: horizontal joints and vertical joints. Of these, horizontal joints are made of mortar (20) The vertical joints are filled with interlocking joint profiles on the side surfaces of the blocks (10). (18) it is created without using knitting mortar. The mortar used in horizontal joints (20) contains barium-based fine substrate (14). Preference In a structured way, the mortar (20) is the same as the components in the block (10) body and The barium-based fine sub-product (14) contains the same weight ratio as in the block (10) body; Thus, the horizontal joint line behaves no differently from the block body (11) in terms of radiation. It becomes a region. The mortar in question (20) is preferably mixed on site, dry. They are then sent to the field. The fact that mortar is not used in vertical joints is a distinctive advantage of the invention. Interlocking Since the joint profiles (18) do not leave a linear transition path along the vertical joint, Radiation resistance is provided by geometry instead of mortar. In this way, the wall (21), wet joint workmanship 15 without requiring any special trained teams, any available on the market It can be knitted by a bricklayer using standard knitting techniques. In a preferred configuration, the blocks (10) will be shifted from one row to the next at the vertical joints. It is built in a staggered manner so that only one side of the wall (21) can be built from one side to the other. There is no linear line passing through the joints and there is an integrated, uninterrupted 20 in the wall (21). Radiation resistance is created. APPLICATION EXAMPLE AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The invention is further explained with an application example given below. For example, the purpose of the invention is to... The aim is not to limit its scope. Pumice as the main component (12), barite as the fine barium-based sub-product (14) and binder 25 Blocks are made using Portland cement according to the production method described above. (10) were produced and the physical and mechanical properties given in Table 1 were measured. Table 2 The stated values ​​are based on a nominal block thickness of 190 mm, mixture composition, and The mass attenuation coefficients of the components were determined through calculation. Table The values ​​indicated in section 3 are experimentally obtained values. 30 Table 1 — Physical and mechanical properties Features and standards Target range Measured value Dry unit volume weight (TS EN) 772-13) 1.000 – 1.800 kg / m³ 1.100 kg / m³ Compressive strength (TS EN 772-1) ≥ 1.5 N / mm² 3.2 N / mm² Thermal conductivity coefficient (TS EN) 1745) ≤ 0.39 W / (m K) 0.28 W / (m K) Main component (12) smallest grain length (TS EN 933-1) > 1 mm 1.8 mm Sub-product (14) largest grain length (TS EN 933-1) < 1 mm 0.120 mm Table 2 — Radiation impermeability Source and energy µ (cm⁻¹) HVL (cm) Lead equivalent Am-241 (59.5 keV) 2.5575 0.271 9.24 mm Pb Cs-137 (662 keV) 0.0992 6.985 16.05 mm Pb Co-60 (1173 / 1332 keV) 0.0695 9.970 21.38 mm Pb The half-value thickness (HVL) values ​​in the table are derived from the linear attenuation coefficient HVL = ln2 / µ It was calculated using the following relationship: 5 Table 3 — Comparison with control series (Am-241, 59.5 keV) Sample µ (cm⁻¹) Intensity (kg / m³) Lead equivalent. Control (sub-product) (not including) 0.147 1.035 0.49 mm Pb Invention (including sub-product) 2.5038 1.180 9.25 mm Pb The rate of increase is 17.03 times, 1.14 times, 18.8 times. The comparison in Table 3 is direct experimental evidence of the invention's core idea. By weight Two series were produced, the majority of which consisted of the same porous light main component (12); one of them was barium 16 The essential fine sub-product (14) was included in the mixture in a minority by weight, in the other However, it has never been used. The addition of the sub-product (14) increased the density of the sample by only 1.14 times. Despite increasing the linear attenuation coefficient by 17.03 times and the lead equivalent by 18.8 times It has increased. This result shows that the increase in impermeability achieved is 5 times the total density of the stem (11) This shows that it cannot be explained by the increase; because the increase in density is accompanied by an increase in attenuation. There is approximately a 15-fold disproportion between them. The increase in impermeability is due to a minority of the population. by surrounding the main component (12) grains of the sub-product (14) and its pores (13) by filling the continuous absorber network (17) formed by the linear transition path of the photon (19) from breaking it and forcing the photon to scatter between successively arranged absorber regions 10 It originates from. The dry unit weight of the sample is 1,100 kg / m³, providing radiation impermeability. It is well below the density range of known products. In contrast, the measured thermal conductivity The coefficient remained in the range of lightweight block values ​​providing thermal insulation with 0.28 W / (m·K). Thus, a body (11) consisting mostly of porous lightweight main components (12) 15 It has been shown that it can be both lightweight and insulating, as well as impermeable to radiation. INTERAPPLICABILITY OF FEATURES The preferred specifications, described separately in the specifications and requirements, are technically identical. Unless they exclude each other, they can coexist independently and in any combination. applicable. The fact that a feature is mentioned in a particular paragraph or a particular claim, that 20 This means the feature can only be used in conjunction with other features mentioned in the same place. He won't come. Accordingly, the main component (12) and sub-product (14) types, their weight ratios, and particle size to the relationship, binder (15) type and ratio, dry unit volume weight, block (10) thickness, distribution homogeneity, layered structure, gap (16) architecture, interlocking connection 25 profiles (18), boron-based additive, natural radioactivity condition, fiber reinforcement and cover layer Each of the characteristics described as being absent, either alone or in combination with others, to form a structure of the invention together with any one or more of them They can be combined. Each of these combinations, even if not explicitly and separately written, is hereby included. It is considered as described in the specification. 30 17 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The subject of the invention is the block (10) and wall system (21); nuclear medicine centers, radiology and dental radiography. rooms, mammography and computed tomography areas, radiotherapy facilities, research It can be used in laboratories, industrial radiography sites and nuclear facilities. Block (10), Current lightweight block production using standard semi-dry pressing or vibro pressing 5 It can be produced on these lines without requiring line changes and using standard processing steps. Therefore The invention is suitable for industrial application.

Claims

18 REQUESTS 1. It is a prefabricated building block (10) that provides radiation impermeability, and its feature is; a) a binder matrix (15), a porous and lightweight main component (12) containing air gaps (13) and It contains a fine barium-based subproduct (14), b) the porous lightweight main component (12) constitutes the majority of the dry mass of the block (10) by weight. to create, c) between the grains of the barium-based fine sub-product (14) and the porous light main component (12) dispersed in the gaps, within the binding matrix (15) It is characterized by...

2. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; barium-based fine sub-product (14), dry 10 of the block (10). It is the presence of a lower weight ratio of porous light main component in its mass (12).

3. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; barium-based fine sub-product (14), porous lightweight main In addition to the spaces between the grains of the component (12), the air spaces of the said grains (13) It is also distributed within the binding matrix (15).

4. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; porous lightweight main component (12) porous volcanic 15 Pumice (bims), an aggregate of barium origin, and barium sulfate (barite) (14) are the fine sub-products of barium. It is the fact that.

5. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the porous lightweight main component (12) is dry of the block (10). It must constitute at least 55% of its mass by weight.

6. According to claim 5, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the porous lightweight main component (12) is dry 20 of the block (10). It must constitute at least 60% of its mass by weight.

7. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the barium-based fine sub-product (14) is dry of the block (10). It constitutes less than 45% of its mass by weight.

8. According to claim 7, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the barium-based fine sub-product (14) is dry of the block (10). It is found in an amount ranging from 10% to 35% of its mass by weight. 25 According to claim 9, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; barium-based fine sub-product (14), binder matrix (15) inside, a continuous phase (17) surrounding each of the porous light main components (12) It is the creation of.

10. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; the largest particle of barium-based fine sub-product (14). The size of the porous light main component (12) is smaller than the smallest grain size. 30 19 11. According to claim 10, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the porous lightweight main component (12) is in accordance with TS EN 933-1. The largest of the barium-based fine sub-products (14) with the smallest determined particle size greater than 1 mm The particle size must be less than 1 mm.

12. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is dry unit volume determined according to TS EN 772-13. Its maximum weight is 1,800 kg / m³. 5 13. According to claim 12, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; dry unit volume weight is between 700 kg / m³ and 1,800 It should be in the range of kg / m³.

14. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; loose unit volume of porous lightweight main component (12). Its weight should be between 220 kg / m³ and 1,200 kg / m³.

15. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the cross-section of the block (10) is divided into three equal regions along its thickness. If separated, the absolute difference between the mass ratio of barium in the upper and lower thirds The value should not exceed 10%.

16. According to Claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the thickness of the block (10) is between 50 mm and 350 mm. It is the fact that. According to claim 17, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; linear 15 determined at 59.5 keV photon energy. The attenuation coefficient (µ) must be at least 0.25 cm⁻¹. According to claim 18, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; equivalent thermal conductivity determined according to TS EN 1745. the coefficient is less than 0.39 W / (m·K). According to claim 19, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the compressive strength measured according to TS EN 772-1 is at least It is 1.5 N / mm². 20 20. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the binder matrix (15) is cement-based.

21. According to claim 20, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the binder matrix (15) is the dry mass of the block (10). It should be present in amounts ranging from 3% to 18% by weight.

22. According to Claim 1, the building block is (10) and its feature is that the body (11) has cardboard, glass fiber or on its surfaces. It is a single-piece structure without a similar covering layer. 25 23. According to Claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that the block (10) is made of glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, steel fiber or It does not contain any fiber supplements consisting of mixtures of these ingredients. According to Claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; in addition to the barium-based fine sub-product (14), It must contain at least one boron-based additive chosen from among colemanite, boric acid, and borax. According to claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that it has at least one section (11) extending along the block height in the body. two rows of voids (16) and the voids in the first row are perpendicular to the block surface The projections do not perfectly overlap with the gaps in the second row.

26. According to Claim 1, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is that on the facing side surfaces of the block (10), the adjacent The presence of reciprocal protrusion and recess profiles (18) that provide interlocking with blocks and the aforementioned 5 The profiles form a joint line that changes direction at least once along the block thickness. According to claim 4, the building block is (10) and its characteristic is; a) pumice (12) at least 60% by weight of the dry mass of the block (10); barite (14) by weight 10% to 37% of a cement-based binder matrix (15) and 3% to 18% by weight. to create, 10 b) pumice (12) having a minimum grain size greater than 1 mm as determined according to TS EN 933-1, The largest grain size of barite (14) is less than 1 mm, c) barite (14), surrounding each of the pumice (12) grains in the binding matrix (15). forming a continuous phase (17), d) the dry unit volume weight of the block (10) determined according to TS EN 772-13 is between 1,000 kg / m³ and 15 It should be in the range of 1,800 kg / m³. e) the body (11) must be a single piece structure without any covering layer on its surfaces and any does not contain a fiber supplement It is characterized by...

28. At least two horizontal joints between building blocks (10) and said blocks (10) in accordance with Claim 1. It is a wall system (21) containing a filling mortar (20), the feature of which is that the mortar (20) contains barium. It is characterized by containing essential fine sub-products (14).

29. According to claim 28, the wall system is (21) and its characteristic is that the mortar of the masonry (20), in the body of the block (10) the same components and barium-based fine sub-product (14) block (10) body with the same weight It contains a certain percentage. 25 30. According to claim 28, the wall system is (21) and its characteristic is that the mortar of the masonry (20) is to be mixed in place. It is a mortar that is delivered to the site in a dry state.

31. According to claim 28, the wall system is (21) and its feature is that the neighboring blocks (10) face each other. The presence of reciprocal protrusion and recess profiles (18) on their surfaces, the block of said profiles It should form a joint line that changes direction at least once along the thickness and the blocks (10) 30 The absence of mortar (20) in the vertical joints between them. 21 32. According to claim 28, the wall system is (21) and its feature is that the vertical joints of the blocks (10) are from one row to the next. It is built in such a way that it can be slid and only from one side of the wall (21) to the other side The absence of a linear line passing through the joints.

33. According to Claim 1, the production method of the building block (10) is and its characteristic is; a) porous lightweight main component (12), barium-based fine sub-product (14) and binder, water 5 Mixing dry without adding anything else, (b) Water is added to the resulting dry mixture in an amount between 1% and 10% by weight of the dry mixture. being done, c) Feeding the resulting semi-dry mixture into the mold and pressing and / or vibrating by applying and compressing, 10 d) curing of the block (10) removed from the mold It is characterized by including the steps involved in the process.

34. The production method according to claim 33, and its characteristic is that the water in step (b) is mixed while mixing is continued and It should be added gradually, in at least two stages.

35. Production method according to claim 33, characterized by; dry mixing in step (a) for 10 to 30 seconds 15 It is done over a period of time.

36. The production method according to claim 33, its characteristic is; the total from the start of water addition. The mixing time should not exceed 60 seconds.

37. The production method according to claim 33, and its characteristic is that the compression in step (c) is pressed and This is achieved by applying vibration simultaneously. 20

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