LEDs that provide disinfection in the visible light spectrum. LIGHT TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

The invention provides general lighting with a white or daylight LED channel, while also offering 405-410 nm purple-blue light. At least one of the 450-460 nm blue or 525 nm green LED channels, either separately or simultaneously. It refers to a multi-channel lamp or fixture that can operate with constant current. LED channels provide constant current. It can be operated by switched or pulse drive; optical wavelength, electronic pulse frequency and LED arrangements are managed as separate technical variables. The system uses hardware control, programmable profiles stored in memory, or experimental recordings. It can operate with a trained data-driven control model. Instead of generating light, the data-driven model... channel selection, current, pulse width, duty cycle, repetition frequency, and operating time, etc. It generates physical driving parameters; the outputs have electrical, thermal and optical safety limits. It is limited. The system can be implemented as open-loop without sensors or closed-loop with sensors. Technical configurations include: bulb, square, rectangular, circular, linear, recessed, surface-mounted, panel, and in-vehicle. lighting types; 220 V mains or 12 V and 24 V direct current supply Adaptable. Functional visible light channels are produced while maintaining the white LED main lighting structure. It can be applied in varying numbers and arrangements depending on the geometry.

Description

1 TARIFF LEDs that provide disinfection in the visible light spectrum. LIGHT TECHNOLOGY Subject of the Invention: The invention concerns a white or daylight LED channel providing general lighting. at least one functional LED channel operating in the visible spectrum within the same lamp or fixture whether they are driven separately or simultaneously, whether the light is applied in a constant or pulsed manner, and the word the subject is channels with a hardware, programmable or data-based control system It relates to its management. Invention: The invention relates to the use of air, surfaces, volumes, or products for indoor or outdoor lighting. a multi-channel designed to create controlled exposure to visible light It is a lighting system. A white LED group forms the main lighting structure. 405-410 nm purple- Applications containing blue, 450-460 nm blue and 525 nm green LEDs are distinct from each other. These can be implemented as cards or different channel options of the same architecture. Optical wavelength, Electronic pulse frequency and LED arrangement are different technical variables. The system is a Hardware-based, without a model or software; with profiles stored in memory. programmable; or trained with experimental data and within physical driving limits. It can be operated with a data-driven control model. State of the Art Regarding visible light disinfection, the ancient Egyptians used the sun approximately six thousand years ago. Ancient Greek, Roman, and Arab cultures also reported similar health benefits from exposure. The therapeutic value of sunlight has been acknowledged in this way (e.g., Aldahan 2016). Phototherapy (or more specifically, the benefits of heliotherapy) are that bacteria are neutralized by sunlight. Downes and Blunt (1877) reported that purple-blue light was brought and that it was the most effective light. This has been scientifically supported by Ward (1894), who demonstrated this antibacterial effect with a prism. by scattering sunlight and placing it on an agar containing colonies of anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis). He measured it by reflecting it onto a plate. Colony inhibition measured the effect spectrum of sunlight. By clearly demonstrating, Downes and Blunt showed that blue light (B) is the most effective light. His work prompted Niels Finsen, a Danish medical researcher, to conduct further research. He was encouraged by this and after his first experiments with natural light in the early 1890s, later He developed a device that used electric carbon arcs, which would become known as the "Finsen light". (Grzybowsky and Pietzrak 2012). Finsen, common glass for focusing electric arc emission. He began his experiments using lenses, but from the work of Ward (1894) and others He knew that ultraviolet radiation was germicidal, and that's why he designed these lenses. He replaced it with fused quartz. However, as reported by Møller et al. (2005), Finsen heat 35 2 Finsen used methylthioninium chloride ("methylene blue") in the solution as an absorbent filter. This dye, which he probably didn't know about, has ultraviolet wavelengths shorter than 340 nm. It absorbs radiation. Therefore, Finsen light produced ultraviolet-A radiation and visible light. However, it did not produce germicidal ultraviolet-B radiation. However, Finsen light can affect lupus vulgaris (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Its use in treating a painful skin infection was a surprising success. Between 1886 and 1901 The Finsen Institute treated 804 patients, and 83 percent of them recovered. For this study... Finsen received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology. The science of phototherapy was (re)born. How the Method Works Low-pressure mercury vapor arc lamps emitting 254-nm UV-C radiation, 222-nm UV-C Kr-Cl* excimer lamps that emit radiation and lamps that emit narrow-band UV-B or UV-C radiation. Germicidal lamps, including LEDs, destroy the DNA of bacterial and fungal spores. It works by disrupting the DNA or RNA of viruses. This allows bacterial and fungal spores to enter the cellular environment. It disables their mechanisms, rendering them ineffective and preventing viruses from multiplying. Visible light has enough energy, in individual photons, to damage DNA or RNA. They differ in that they are absent. Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa are found in the Soret band of the spectrum. intracellular (endogenous) porphyrins that strongly absorb visible light in a region called [name of region]. These photosensitizers consequently convert the energy of a photon into oxygen inside the cell. by transferring it to its molecule, singlet oxygen or hydrogen, which is highly reactive and cytotoxic. It produces a "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) molecule such as peroxide (e.g., Kumar et al. 2015, Ramakrishnan et al. (2009). It inactivates the cell by disrupting its cellular mechanisms. It is ROS (e.g., Plavskii et al. 2014). However, it should be noted that this is the dominant theory; Evidence exists for different explanations of how visible light inactivates pathogens; These include different photosensitizers such as riboflavin, which acts at 450 nm (e.g., Hönes et al.). Tomb et al. 2018, and different cellular inactivation mechanisms (e.g., Tomb et al. 2018, (Halstead et al. 2019) are included. Unlike viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. because they do not contain porphyrins and are therefore theoretically not sensitive to blue light. They are different. Nevertheless, there is increasing evidence that they may be sensitive to visible light. Its germicidal effects are observed at wavelengths approximately between 380 nm and 740 nm. This has been shown, but the highest efficiency was demonstrated at approximately 405 nm (e.g., Maclean et al.). (Hessling et al. 2008, Tomb et al. 2017, 2018). Therefore, this is commercial visible light. This is the nominal wavelength used by disinfection products (e.g., Rutula et al. 2018). Various photosensitizing drugs (exogenous photosensitizers) are used in photodynamic therapy. Here, the drugs are absorbed by diseased cells and then exposed to visible light. 3 It is activated by releasing it. The resulting ROS then causes cell inactivation in diseased tissue. It triggers. Typical applications include acne, macular degeneration, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis. and bad Treatment of benign cancers is included (e.g., Hamblin and Hasan 2004). This topic is covered by the US Federal Agency. The Drug Administration's recommendations, particularly regarding drugs with known photosensitizing effects on patients, are in place. In hospitals where they can use it, 405 nm light as a potential photosensitizer. It relates to visible light disinfection because one can choose to regulate its use. Visible Light disinfection has a solid scientific basis for medical applications. However, in hospitals... from operating rooms to residential kitchens, in the disinfection of enclosed architectural spaces The benefits are significantly more detailed. Irradiation and Dose Knowing how visible light disinfection works doesn't answer the question: Is it satisfactory? What radiation intensity and visible light dose are required to obtain results? The first step is measurement. Our aim is to define our terms. Radiation, measured in milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm2), Dose is the radiant equivalent of illumination (measurable in lumens per square centimeter). It may be a lesser-known concept for lighting designers, but radiation is measured in seconds. multiplied by the exposure time and expressed in joules per square centimeter (i.e., watt-seconds) (J / cm2). It is expressed as the radiant equivalent of light energy, but this unit is not considered in lighting design. We never need to take it. The next step is what it means to practically "neutralize" pathogens. It is about understanding what it means. Whether it's visible light or ultraviolet radiation, it's constant. When exposed to irradiation, the inactivation rate is initially exponential. That is, the pathogens If 90% of them (let's say) are neutralized after one hour, then 90% of the surviving pathogens will survive. It will be deactivated after an hour. Therefore, 90 percent after one hour, 99 percent after two hours, three... After several hours, there will be 99.9% or more of deactivation. These numbers are expressed in log-10 units. It is generally more convenient to use a log unit, where a log unit is a percentage of the initial pathogen count. 90 represents 99%, two log 10 units represent 99%, three log 10 units represent 99.9%, and so on. (Log 10 Another term for the units is "D value". The desired degree of disinfection depends on the application. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that remaining pathogens can cause infection. Assuming that there are very few of them, the D values ​​of sterilized surgical instruments It requires six or more (99.9999 percent inactivation). However, visible light It is common to specify 90 percent or a log 10 inactivation for disinfection. Pathogen Reducing the number by 90% may not seem particularly helpful, but in a hospital Visible light disinfection, like ultraviolet-C disinfection, should always be used at the terminal. It should be remembered that it should be considered as an addition to cleaning. Its primary purpose is to eliminate existing bacteria. 4 not about destroying colonies, but basically about getting these colonies to clear out the next terminal cleanup beforehand. The goal is to prevent its growth. Species and Strains Different strains (i.e., genetic variants) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Depending on laboratory conditions, a dose of between 13.7 and 1200 J / cm² may be required (e.g. Tomb et al. 2018). In general, observations for a single species from different laboratory studies It can be expected that dose differences may reach an order of magnitude; mushrooms and Viruses require significantly higher doses than most bacteria (Hessling et al.). (Tomb et al. 2017, 2018). For testing purposes, pathogens are placed in Petri dishes or in solution. They can be grown in colonies in the growth medium or nebulized for airborne species. (i.e., aerosolizable). Their sensitivity to visible light depends on the intensity of radiation, the duration of exposure, relative humidity, growing medium, oxygen concentration, density (colonies per milliliter) (expressed in units of mass or CFU / ml) and may depend on the pathogen strain. Biofilms To complicate matters further, bacteria can withstand dehydration, antibiotics, to protect the host body against the immune system and other environmental factors They can form biofilms on surfaces, including in hospitals and homes, and in nature. It is common. The films themselves are not alive, but they kill bacteria using ultraviolet radiation, especially. They can protect against being neutralized by 222 nm UV-C. (In favor of far-UV) One of the arguments is that short wavelengths cause DNA damage by affecting the cornea and skin. The reason is its inability to significantly penetrate the cells. The same argument applies to organic biofilms as well. (It is assumed to be valid.) However, McKenzie et al. (2013), Halstead, (2019b) and Huang et al. (2022) reported that 405 nm visible light affected some bacterial species encapsulated in biofilms. It is reported to be an effective treatment for this. Blue Light Resistance In any microbial population, those that are unusually resistant to UV radiation It will be a small portion. After 99% of the population is inactivated, inactivation will occur. A significant decrease in the ratio is not uncommon (e.g., Enwemeka et al. 2008, Kowalski (2009). In other words, higher doses are needed to inactivate surviving pathogens. It is necessary. (The same principle applies to developing resistance due to overuse of antibiotic drugs.) (This also applies to bacteria.) Fortunately, visible light disinfection is usually by design. The goal is not to eliminate microbial populations, but only to limit their growth or minimize them. 90% at best It aims to provide inactivation. Therefore, it is possible for pathogens to develop resistance to blue light. No, because there is very little evolutionary pressure to do so. Indeed, it is lethal. studies with non-existent doses of blue light (e.g., Amin et al. 2016, Tomb et al.) Studies (2017a, Leanse et al. 2018) have shown that bacteria do not develop resistance to blue light. However, Guffey et al. (2013) reported a counterexample with Staphylococcus aureus. Hessling and Others (2022b) offer a more advanced data point: using 5600K white light LEDs. (having a very significant peak at around 450 nm due to blue pump LEDs), glazed. To reduce Staphylococcus sp. bacteria on ceramic surfaces by 90% in 34 hours. 2,400 lux of illumination was required throughout. Adding 2.5 mW / cm2 of 405 nm irradiation. This reduced the time to 3.5 hours, but the visual appearance of the lighting was quite different from the Planckian locus. It was far away and definitely purplish in color. Viruses and Bacteriophages Viruses and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are sensitive to visible light. Whether they are present is an ongoing subject of research. Porphyrins or other endogenous substances capable of producing ROS. It has been suggested that they should not be sensitive because they do not contain photosensitizers. However, The viruses examined in the laboratory were organically similar to fetal bovine serum, which can generate ROS. It may be suspended in rich growth media (Tomb et al. 2017b, De Santis et al. 2020, Stasko et al. 2021, Hessling et al. 2022a). Also, endogenous photosensitizers in host cells. possible (Tomb et al. 2014, Rathnasinghe et al. 2021). Alternatively, host cells They can become inactive due to increased production of harmful proteins by bacteriophages. (Halstead et al. 2019). On the other hand, some studies have investigated viruses in phosphate-buffered saline. This has been investigated and it excludes endogenous photosensitizers (Lau et al. 2021, Rathnasinghe et al. 2021, Hessling et al. 2022a). However, these studies are mostly with enveloped viruses (SARS-CoV-2 (including coronaviruses) has been limited to visible light; where visible light distinguishes between viral DNA or RNA. It can damage the lipids of the envelopes. Therefore, visible light does not directly inactivate viruses. There is evidence that it is possible, but the reasons are still being investigated. Enwemeka et al. (2021a) and Hessling et al. (2022a) provide excellent summaries. Hessling et al. (2022a) In particular, riboflavin in the solution has a significant effect on the photoinactivation results. that visible light may reduce the virus, and that this reduction is significant under other conditions such as airborne ones. It states that significantly higher doses may be required. Different Wavelengths Most visible light disinfection studies conducted to date have used 385 nm to 420 nm light. It has focused on the spectral region between them (Hessling et al. 2017, Tomb et al. 2018). However, The bactericidal effects of visible light have also been demonstrated at wavelengths up to 740 nm. 6 It has been observed (Hessling et al. 2017). These are probably different endogenous compounds such as riboflavin. This is due to the absorption properties of photosensitizers around 450 nm (Hönes, K., However, the dose required for inactivation generally increases exponentially with wavelength (et al. 2018). it increases. Spectral Interactions Most studies to date have focused on the narrow range of microchromatic LEDs produced by quasi-monochromatic LEDs. It has also focused on spectral bands. In one study, 405 nm blue was used as an antibacterial agent. Combination of light and 880 nm near-infrared radiation as a tissue repair tool. Studies have shown that 880 nm radiation alone promotes bacterial growth. (Guffey and Wilborn 2006). In another study, inactivating SARS-CoV-2 viruses It has peak wavelengths of both 405 nm and 450 nm and an estimated associated color of 6500 K. A phosphor-coated white LED array with a temperature (CCT) of 25°C was used (De Santis et al. 2020). In a review titled "Light as a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial," Gwynne and Gallagher (2018) reported that although Enterococcus bacteria are resistant to blue light, they can also affect near and mid-range radiation. They stated that they are sensitive to infrared radiation. Also, Trichophyton rubrum The fungi (responsible for onychomycosis fungal infection) are sensitive to green light. Higher levels dose requirements, these longer wavelengths are practically all visible light in the room. This could prevent disinfection, but further research is clearly needed. Pulsed Blue Light Several in vitro studies have shown an effect of pulsed blue light on the effectiveness of visible light disinfection. They investigated its effect. For example, Gillespie et al. (2017) tested MRSA bacteria at 405 nm. When exposed to radiation of 116 mW / cm2, the pulse width reduced the duty cycle by 25% to Changing the dose to 100% is the same as the dose required to achieve the same degree of inactivation. They found that it had very little effect on pulse width modulation (PWM) frequency. The refresh rate was varied between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, with 1000 Hz showing the best performance and 50% duty cycle. It provided a 35% energy saving for the factor. The authors found that cellular porphyrins with continuous exposure it becomes saturated and during the closed period of each cycle, less light is absorbed unnecessarily. They suggested that it enables the production of ROS by absorbing photons. Masson-Meyers et al. (2019) Similarly, a 33% duty cycle and a 33 kHz PWM frequency, Treating acne vulgaris caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. They found that 450 nm of radiation is optimal. Experiments were conducted on infected skin. It involved microLEDs mounted on flexible plastic sheets, but was remarkable. The radiation required to somehow achieve 100% elimination of bacteria, specifically MRSA bacteria. For in vitro experiments involving this, the results were 40 to 100 times less than those previously reported. However, 7 This allows P. acnes to multiply, as opposed to a single exposure to bacterial cultures in a laboratory. It involved treatments repeated every four hours, timed to coincide with the cycle. Bumah et al. (2020) reported the effects of 450 nm pulsed blue light on planktonic and bacterial cultures. It suppresses the formation of MRSA and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in biofilms. This has been shown. Irradiations of 3 mW / cm2 and three doses of 7.6 J / cm2 eliminated MRSA bacteria in the solution. While 2 mW / cm2 and 5 J / cm2 are sufficient to completely eliminate P. acnes bacteria, It has been sufficient to eliminate it. "Eradication" means 99.9% inactivation. Assuming this happens, the doses required for 90% inactivation are 3.8 J / cm2 and 2.5, respectively. This means it will be J / cm2. Enwemeka et al. (2021b) between 405 nm and 450 nm. Pulsed blue with varying wavelengths inactivates various human coronavirus strains. Studies have shown that it does bring about a certain level of effectiveness, but that the effectiveness varies depending on the strain. Furthermore, the antiviral effect is more... It was more noticeable at high radiation levels than at lower radiation levels. Hospital Settings Most of the studies above were in vitro experiments conducted in laboratories. This is, of course... to isolate specific types and strains and control ambient light and temperature, relative humidity, growth medium, and to control or eliminate the impact of environmental conditions, such as more It is necessary to determine the in vivo effectiveness of visible light disinfection under real-world conditions. Investigating is more difficult even in hospital settings such as operating rooms and inpatient wards. For example, Maclean et al. 2010 and Bache et al. 2012, have a floor area of ​​approximately 10 m². two ceiling-mounted 405 nm LED arrays in burn unit isolation rooms They reported its use (Maclean et al. 2010). The authors reported visible light disinfection. from the units of the "High-Intensity Narrow Spectrum Light Environmental Decontamination System" They referred to it as (HINS-light EDS). This is what Halstead et al. (2019) later described as this device. "Low-grade radiation for continuous decontamination of surfaces in hospital operating rooms." a ceiling-mounted light source providing 405 nm light intensity (radiation intensity, 0.1 to 0.5 mW / cm2). It is useful in terms of their description as "LED array". Bache et al. (2012), inpatient In more than 1,000 environmental samples taken from isolation rooms and the outpatient clinic, 14 HINS-light EDS use with hourly daily exposures subsequently, there was a significant decrease (27% to 75%) in the average number of bacterial colonies. It has been reported that assuming an average reduction of 50% (0.70 log 10⁻⁶), 20 is needed to reach a 90% reduction. An hourly exposure will be required. Furthermore, assuming an average radiation of 0.3 mW / cm², the dose will be 21.6 The concentration will be J / cm². The study included Staphylococcus aureus and was reported by Maclean et al. (2008). This refers to a previous laboratory study where the dose required for a 90% reduction was 9.8. The reading was J / cm2. The burn unit rooms have HEPA filters and the hospital-acquired wounds... 8 It was stated that daily final cleaning was done to minimize the risk of infections, and the results... was proportionate to what was expected from laboratory dose requirements. Maclean et al. (2013), intensive including the use of HINS illuminated EDS units in full isolation rooms of maintenance units They reported a similar study, but instead of just MRSA bacteria, they focused on the total bacteria around the room. They focused on bacterial contamination. The units were again synchronized with the hospital lighting. They were operated for 14 hours a day. The authors reported contamination while the units were in use. They reported an average 50% decrease in levels. Furthermore, this was indirectly due to the situation in the room. This included illuminated surfaces, and there was approximately a 2:1 difference in bacterial reduction. Bache et al. (2017) continued these studies in the burn unit isolation rooms and obtained 0.0023 mW / cm2 and 0.231 A correlation between radiation levels in the range of mW / cm2 and bacterial inactivation. There is no such correlation, but there is a strong link between exposure time (i.e., dose) and bacterial inactivation. They found a correlation. The authors attributed this to bacteria remaining suspended in the air almost indefinitely. They attributed this to staying close to the LED arrays due to the air movement in the room. This would expose us to higher global radiation levels. In this regard, Dougall and... et al. (2018), Staphylococcus epidermidis in aerosol form in liquids or on surfaces They reported that it is three to four times more sensitive to 405 nm irradiation than most. This is true for most is similar to the pathogen's sensitivity to UV-C radiation (e.g., Freeman et al. 2022, Kowalski 2009). This is perhaps visible with ultraviolet radiation for whole room disinfection. It highlights the most important difference between the two types of light. In most applications, UV-C radiation penetrates the air. It is used for disinfection, therefore proper airflow is a critical parameter. However To date, visible light disinfection research has focused on surface disinfection. Maclean et al. (2013) found a relatively modest 2:1 reduction in bacteria on shaded surfaces. The difference, for example, is likely due to the radiation levels on tabletops compared to exposed surfaces. if it is five or more times less (assuming a 20 percent ground reflection) Given its surprising nature, it has been suggested that air disinfection may also be a possibility. Rutala et al. (2018) used two 61 cm x 61 cm (2 square feet) “mixed white light” lights. A 12.5 m2 area equipped with an LED fixture and one 61 cm x 122 cm “blue light” LED fixture. He reported on a study involving a windowless room. White light fixtures, pathogens in a room occupied by a radiation intensity of 0.12 mW / cm2 to 0.16 mW / cm2 on its surface For use in normal clinical applications, both disinfection radiation (probably 405) It provided both ambient white light illumination (nm) and a disinfecting "blue light" fixture. This resulted in a radiation intensity of 0.34 mW / cm2 to 0.44 mW / cm2. 9 Full Room Disinfection As shown in the studies cited in “Hospital Environments,” the entire room is illuminated by visible light. Disinfection systems are useful in hospital environments as an addition to final cleaning. It is clear. This includes both fully lit patient rooms with continuous illumination and higher levels of blue light. These include open spaces (such as operating rooms) where radiation can be used. Typical radiation levels range from 0.1 to... It will be in the order of 0.5 mW / cm2 (one to five W / m2) and will prevent the multiplication of pathogens. Typical exposure times will be 8 to 14 hours. This scientific background considers the wavelength, radiation, dose, target microorganism, environment, and activity of the event. This shows that it depends on the experimental design. The publications here, in any form of product, Wavelength or operating profile does not necessarily mean that it will yield the same result under all conditions. Technical Problems That the Invention Aims to Solve Traditional chemical, ultraviolet, or periodic manual disinfection methods. lifespan, human presence, material compatibility, process repetition, waste, labor, and application. This can create limitations in terms of continuity. A system based on visible light in general. Having it work in the same housing as the lighting can reduce the need for separate processing time; however Its effect cannot be attributed solely to wavelength. Spectral power distribution, radiation reaching the target, duration, Total dose, distance, geometry, target microorganism, and environmental conditions must be considered together. The technical problems addressed by the invention are: lighting and functional visible light channels combined into a single system. In architecture, combining channels, operating them independently or simultaneously, different lamps and Maintaining light distribution in luminaire geometries, electrical and thermal protection during pulsed driving. managing boundaries, not being tied to a single number of LEDs or housing shape, and the chosen The goal is to define physical driving parameters within safe limits according to the application profile. Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the invention is to maintain general lighting provided by a white LED array while incorporating one or more of the following: capable of operating multiple visible light channels separately or together; constant current, switched, pulsed or and can implement the appropriate PWM controlled driving method for different products. A modular lamp that can be adapted to their geometries, power supply types and application areas, The goal is to provide the lighting and control system. Another objective is for the same physical lighting system to support three different control applications. In the first application, the drive profile consists of a resistor, capacitor, constant current driver, and switching element. and similar electronic components are used to determine hardware specifications. In the second application... microcontroller or programmable control unit, operating profiles stored in memory In the third application, a data-based model trained with experimental data is used to create a physical model. Based on the inputs, the channel generates set values, and these values ​​form an independent security. It is passed through its limiter. The Overall Technical Structure of the Invention System (100); connection or socket section (140), energy input and conversion section (150), main board containing electronic components (125), light-producing circuit board (120), white or daylight LED light channel (121), at least one functional visible light channel (122, 123), control and driver The unit consists of (124), thermal diffusion body (130) and optical diffuser (110). These components form a single unit. They can be combined on the card or arranged as multiple modules. White LED channel (121) spectral and photometric output to provide the main lighting of the environment. It produces functional channels, 405-410 nm purple-blue LED, 450-460 nm depending on the product application. It may include a blue LED or a 525 nm green LED. In one application, it may only have white LEDs. The 405-410 nm channel is found together. In another application, white LED and 525 nm green LED are used. A channel is present. In another application, a white LED is used with a 450-460 nm blue channel. These applications are evidence of each other in terms of circuit elements, number of LEDs, or spectral performance. It will not be evaluated. The number of white, blue, and green LEDs depends on the product's diameter, length, panel area, target light distribution, and thermal conductivity. It varies depending on the capacity and power supply configuration. The technical scope depends on a specific number of LEDs. It is not. LED arrangement; center-periphery or ring on circular boards, rows on square and rectangular boards, Matrices or regional groups can be implemented in single or multiple rows on a linear chart. Separation of Spectral, Temporal, and Spatial Variables Optical wavelength in nanometers; spectral characteristics of LED light; pulse or PWM. The repetition frequency is temporal switching in hertz; the duty cycle is the on-time. The ratio to cycle time; and LED arrangement, which is the physical placement of LED packages on the circuit board. It expresses the arrangement. The control system does not convert these variables into one another; it treats each one separately. It manages it as a technical parameter. The system's total visible output depends on the spectral distribution of the white LEDs and additional channels used. It can be found approximately within the visible range of 405-730 nm or 405-770 nm. These ranges It refers to the total optical output envelope; each wavelength in the range has an equal microbial effect. This does not mean that it is the case. The channel effect is evaluated by the spectral radiation and dose that reach the target. Technical Definition of Impact Driving Pulsed operation; channel open time, closed time, repetition frequency, duty cycle, It is defined by its peak current, average current and operating time. Control and drive unit (124), The white channel is supplied with a constant current or a selected pulse profile; the functional channels are supplied with a constant current, 11 It can be driven in switched or PWM controlled mode. Each channel has current and voltage limits. This is determined according to the electrical and thermal limits of the LED and driver element used. It is not presumed that jerky driving is more effective than steady driving. (Practice) profile; measured optical output, average electrical power, LED junction temperature, target dose and This is confirmed by experimental results. The control unit measures peak current and duty cycle average current. and limits that will not exceed thermal limits. Control Implementation Methods In hardware control (161) application, channel sequence, current level or switching behavior constant current driver, rectifier, resistor, capacitor, thermistor, switching element and This is determined by the connection topology. This application can be done via software, microcontroller, or artificial intelligence. It doesn't require a model. In the programmable profile (162) application, the control unit (124) stores in local memory (164) It runs at least one work profile. The profile specifies the order in which channels open and close, separately or simultaneously. its timed operation, current set value, pulse width, duty cycle, repetition frequency, and Includes total operating time. Profile selection is via user login, schedule, or product type. It can be done. In the application of data-based control (163), a technical model trained with experimental recordings It operates on the control unit or its associated local processing unit. The model's inputs are; the product. geometry, selected LED channel, measured or recorded spectral irradiation, target distance, operating principle duration, target dose, ambient or card temperature, relative humidity, area occupancy, target surface area or includes at least one of the target microorganism class information. The model outputs are; channel selection, channel current set value, pulse width, duty cycle, repeat frequency, channel operation It is at least one of the parameters of sequence and total duration. The model does not produce direct light and does not create a microbial effect on its own; the light-producing LED Selects the physical drive set values ​​of the channels. Model output includes current, voltage, duty cycle, Safety that enforces predefined limits for temperature, optical exposure, and duration. It is passed through the limiter (190). Output outside the limit is rejected, the nearest safe profile The system is restricted or reverts to the default hardware profile. Data Generation, Model Training, and Local Study Training data; spectral radiation measured under known product geometry and channel settings, target. the dose received, operating time, electrical power, card or LED temperature, and appropriate microbiological conditions. It correlates the experimental result within the same record. The target used in training records. microorganism or target class, experimental environment, distance, surface or volume condition, and measurement. The method is defined. The model's ability to reproduce a specific technical effect depends on this training data. 12 If it depends on the features, those features are stored in the application profile along with the model. It is defined. The model can be based on regression, decision tree, probabilistic scorer, artificial neural network, or a combination of these. It could be a structure where the model type, physical input-output relationship, and safety boundaries are used. It does not replace explanation. The training process can be done outside the device; trained model The parameters are loaded into local memory (164). Network connection is not required during operation. If no update is performed, the system will operate according to the current approved model or hardware profile. It works offline. In one application, the system operates in open loop without using sensors and with recorded product calibration. It applies driving according to the target profile. In another application, it uses an optical sensor, temperature sensor, current sensor. Sensor unit (180) consisting of voltage measurement, humidity sensor or fullness sensor It generates working data. In this closed-loop application with feedback, the model or rule Based on the control, it only updates the set value within the predefined security envelope. The presence of sensors is not mandatory for all applications. Parameter Selection Based on Scientific and Technical Basis Certain types of visible violet-blue light around 405 nm and blue light around 450 nm Its effect on microorganisms varies in the literature depending on the radiation and total dose. Intensity, frequency, and duty cycle in pulsed 405 nm LED applications have been investigated; In pulsed 450 nm applications, planktonic culture and biofilm conditions were investigated. This... Studies show that the system records wavelength, radiation, duration, duty cycle, and target type in its data logs. This forms the technical basis for keeping the information together. The application format featuring a 525 nm green LED is a physical channel option. This channel has a specific... its contribution to the microbial target, the product's own optical measurement, and comparative experiments. It is determined by the data. Data-based control, instead of assuming an unverified channel effect... It is designed to use only measured and classified experimental records. Optical, Electrical and Thermal Regulation The motherboard (125) can be made of aluminum or an equivalent heat-dissipating material. The light board (120), The driver unit (124) and LED channels can be on the same board or on separate boards. It is dissipable. The thermal dissipation housing (130) dissipates the heat from the LED and driver components away from the board. It transmits to the housing and the environment. In applications with a thermistor or temperature sensor, control is required. The unit reduces the current or shuts off the channel at the temperature threshold. Optical diffuser (110); polycarbonate head, diffuser, lens, panel diffuser, reflector or thereof. It could be a combination. The diffuser and LED placement, with white lighting, targets functional channels. They are designed together to provide the desired distribution on the surface or in the volume. Local high 13 radiation zones and shading, board geometry, LED spacing, optical element and mounting. It is managed by its height. Separate Technical Implementation Forms In the first application, three 405-410 nm LEDs are mounted on a circular board with a group of white LEDs. It includes a chip-based LED group, a high-voltage linear constant current driver, and a bridge rectifier. The hardware circuitry included powers the product's lighting and functional channels. This application It is not mandatory to have a microcontroller or data-based model in this form. In the second application, a group of white LEDs and 525 nm green LEDs are placed on a circular board. The group includes a driver, rectifier, resistor, capacitor, zener diode, thermistor, and connectors. It determines the power and thermal regulation of the product. The number of LEDs is specific to this application and is technically specific. It does not limit the scope. In the third configuration, there is a white LED group and a 450-460 nm blue LED group. The blue channel can be operated with a separate driver output or simultaneously with the white channel. Blue LED The package and operating current are selected according to the card used. The functional effect of the blue channel is to reach the target. This is confirmed by spectral radiation and dose measurement. In the fourth application method, at least two of the white, purple-blue, blue, and green channels are the same. It is located in the luminaire. The control unit operates the channels sequentially, alternately, or simultaneously. The combined action of the channels creates the total visible spectral distribution; the electrical activity of each channel... The drive and optical output are monitored separately. Product and Fixture Forms Same technical core; replaceable bulb, standard socket type lamp, E27 application, square. panel, rectangular panel, circular luminaire, linear luminaire, recessed luminaire, surface-mounted luminaire, 60 x 60 panel, 2 x 40 linear configuration, modular light unit, in-vehicle lighting unit and similar. It can be applied in various geometries. When the product shape changes, the number of LEDs, the board area, and the LED arrangement can be adjusted. Optical diffuser, heatsink and mounting elements are arranged according to the relevant form; white main The control relationship between the lighting channel and the functional visible light channels is maintained. Feeding Methods The system operates with an input stage powered by 220 V mains voltage or 12 V and 24 V direct current. It can be produced with a suitable input stage for its power supply. For mains and direct current applications. rectification, voltage-current regulation, insulation requirements, coupling element and driver The topology is selected according to the electrical design of the product. The power supply type is spectral channel. It does not change the definition. 14 Areas of Application The system is suitable for residences, homes, offices, workplaces, restaurants, schools, hospitals, clinics, and veterinary facilities. hospitals, laboratories, factories, warehouses, public institutions, banks, ATM areas, indoor public spaces, ambulances, land vehicles, watercraft, ships, aircraft, Controlled visibility is achieved through general lighting on airplanes, trains, and other public transport vehicles. It can be applied to provide light exposure. Also food production and storage areas, industrial production areas, pool surroundings, plants, seeds, seedlings and indoor farming practices, aquaculture, fish farming and livestock fields. It can be adapted to the relevant product geometry and environmental conditions. In every application area. Performance is distinguished by target surface or volume, ambient condition, radiation, duration, and dose measurement. It is verified. Explanation of the Figures Figure 1: Perspective view of a socket-type lamp application broken down into its components. Figure 2: Combined perspective view of a socket-type lamp application. Figure 3: Perspective view of the circuit board containing the LED and control components. Figure 4: Block view of the multi-channel system architecture. Figure 5: Block diagram of hardware, programmable, and data-based control implementation methods. It is the appearance. Figure 6: Data-based technical control input, model, safety limiter, driver, and optional. This is a block view of the feedback loop. Explanation of References in Figures 100: Lighting and controlled visible light system 110: Optical diffuser, lens or lamp head 120: Light-producing circuit board 121: White or daylight LED channel 122: Purple-blue or blue LED channel 123: Green LED channel 124: Control and drive unit 125: Motherboard 130: Thermal radiation shell 140: Connection or socket section 150: Energy input and conversion section 161: Hardware control 162: Programmable profile control 163: Trained data-based control model 164: Local memory 170: Channel drivers 180: Optional sensor and feedback unit 190: Security limiter 200: Technical input and application profile 300: Target volume, surface area, or product. Detailed Description of the Invention The energy input section (150) controls the electrical energy supplied to the product by the control and drive unit (124). It converts the voltage and current to the levels that the LED channels will use. Control and driver. the unit is separate for the white channel (121), purple-blue or blue channel (122) and green channel (123). may include outputs. Outputs may be galvanically common or separate; each channel has current limiting. It is arranged according to the relevant LED group. In hardware control applications, control parameters include the values ​​of electronic components and The connection topology is fixed. In the programmable application, the control profile is stored in local memory. It is retained. In the data-driven application, the model transforms technical inputs into a driving profile. All three In practice, the physical elements that produce light are LED channels and their driver circuits. In open-loop operation, the system uses pre-measured optical calibration and selected optical calibration for the product. It operates according to the application profile. In closed-loop operation, the sensor unit (180) optical output, current, It sends at least one of the following data points—voltage, temperature, humidity, or occupancy—to the control unit. The feed data is used to update the operational profile within safety limits. Dose calculation is based on the integral of the spectral radiation reaching the target over the operating time. Pulsed In this study, the average optical output depends on the pulse peak value, duty cycle, and repetition frequency. The control system extracts the target dose only from the LED label or nominal electrical power. Instead, it associates it with calibration data or optical measurements. In training the data-driven model, the same product geometry or equivalent features with defined characteristics are used. Records obtained from geometries can be used. Training and validation datasets differ from each other. It is separated. The technical performance of the model is in measurement records that have not been used in training before. through the compatibility of channel set values ​​with target optical output and safety limits is evaluated. If a microbiological result is desired, that result is assessed using a separate, appropriate experiment. It is measured using this method and is matched in a traceable way with model inputs. 16 How the invention can be applied to industry. The invention relates to a standard LED, driver, rectifier, passive electronic component, microcontroller, and local memory, optional sensor, aluminum or equivalent heat spreader board, housing, optical splitter, and They can be manufactured in the lighting industry using fasteners. Hardware applications. It can be produced without a model or software. Programmable and data-driven applications are the same. It can be produced by adding a separate control module to the physical light board. Product lifespan depends on the LED, driver, temperature, operating profile, housing, and power supply conditions, and is individual. It is not limited to an hourly value. The product's operating condition in environments where people are present, the product with form-specific photobiological risk assessment, optical measurement and safety constraints. It is determined. The system is an absolute replacement for chemical or ultraviolet methods in all cases. not as a sterilization agent, but controlled exposure to visible light in conjunction with general lighting. It is implemented as a technical system that provides

Claims

1 REQUESTS 1. To provide controlled exposure to visible light along with lighting; an energy input section (150), at least one motherboard containing electronic components (125), at least one light producing a circuit board (120), at least one white or daylight LED channel providing main lighting (121), at least one functional LED channel producing light in the visible spectrum (122, 123), At least one control and drive unit (124) that drives the channels separately or simultaneously, a thermal a diffusion structure (130) and an optical diffuser (110) that disperses light to the target volume or surface lamp or fixture (100) containing; control and driver unit (124) white or daylight The current, pulse width of the light to the LED channel (121) and the functional LED channel (122, 123), at least from the following parameters: duty cycle, repetition frequency, channel sequence and runtime A lamp or fixture characterized by its ability to identify a channel.

2. According to claim 1, the lamp or fixture is; control and driver unit (124), channel operation Its profile includes resistors, capacitors, constant current drivers, rectifiers, and switches. Hardware that determines the value of at least one of its elements or its connection topology. lamp or fixture characterized by having control (161).

3. According to claim 1, the lamp or luminaire is; the control and driver unit (124) is in the local memory. (164) stored and channel sequence, current, pulse width, duty cycle, repeat frequency and a programmable work profile that includes at least one of the runtime parameters (162) lamp or fixture characterized by its application.

4. Lamp or fixture according to claim 1 or 3; control and driver unit (124), product geometry, LED channel, spectral irradiation, target distance, target dose, operating time, temperature, At least information on humidity, occupancy rate, target surface, or target microorganism class. It takes one as input and requires channel selection, channel current set value, pulse width, and task. at least one of the following parameters: cycle, repeat frequency, channel operation sequence, or total duration. a data-based control model trained with experimental recordings that produces one as output (163) a lamp or fixture characterized by containing.

5. According to claim 4, the lamp or luminaire is the training of the data-based control model (163). The recordings include the spectral irradiation of at least one LED channel, the operating time, and the achievement of the target. by associating the dose, product geometry, and measured experimental result within the same record. a lamp or fixture that is characterized.

6. Lamp or fixture according to claim 4 or 5; local data-based control model (163) stored in memory (164) and without requiring an external network connection during operation A lamp or fixture characterized by its offline operation. 2 7. Is it a lamp or fixture according to any of claims 4-6; and is the current of the model output? at least one of the following limits: voltage, duty cycle, temperature, optical exposure, and time. passing through a security limiter (190) and exiting the system A lamp or fixture characterized by returning to its registered secure profile.

8. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; sensor unit (180) Open loop according to registered product calibration when not found, sensor unit (180) When available, at least optical output, current, voltage, temperature, humidity or occupancy data. A lamp or fixture characterized by operating in a closed loop with another.

9. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; white or daylight Purple-blue LED producing light at wavelength of 405-410 nm together with LED channel (121) a lamp or fixture characterized by containing its channel (122).

10. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; white or daylight. blue LED channel producing light at wavelength of 450-460 nm together with LED channel (121) (122) lamp or fixture characterized by containing.

11. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; white or daylight Green LED channel (123) that produces light at wavelength of 525 nm together with LED channel (121) a lamp or fixture characterized by containing.

12. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; white, purple-blue, blue and at least two of the green LED channels sequentially via separate driver outputs, A lamp or fixture characterized by its alternating or simultaneous operation.

13. A lamp or fixture with a replaceable bulb, according to any of the previous requirements. standard socket type lamp, square panel, rectangular panel, circular luminaire, linear luminaire, recessed luminaire, surface-mounted luminaire, modular light unit or in-vehicle lighting unit a lamp or fixture characterized by its application in one of its various forms.

14. Whether it is a lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; 220 V mains voltage. or characterized by operating with either a 12V or 24V direct current supply. lamp or fixture.

15. Lamp or fixture according to any of the previous requirements; optical distributor (110) It must include at least one of the following: a polycarbonate hood, diffuser, lens, reflector, or panel diffuser. the motherboard (125) must be made of aluminum or equivalent heat dissipative material. a lamp or fixture that is characterized.

16. Controlled exposure to visible light in conjunction with general lighting from a lamp or fixture. This is the method of ensuring that the white or daylight LED channel (121) is operated, visible Selection of at least one functional LED channel (122, 123) that produces light in the spectrum, selected Channel current, pulse width, duty cycle, repetition frequency, channel sequence, and operation. 35 3 At least one of the duration parameters must be determined, within the parameter's safety limits. application to the relevant channel driver and whether the white channel and the functional channel are separate or equal A method characterized by including steps for timed execution.

17. Method according to Claim 16; product geometry, LED channel, spectral radiation, target. distance, target dose, working time, temperature, humidity, occupancy status, target surface or target data-based training with experimental recordings of at least one of the microorganism class information giving to the model (163), taking at least one channel driving parameter from the model, model passing the output through the safety limiter (190) and checking the limited output and the method characterized by the steps of applying it to the driver unit (124).

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